In order to explore the effective way to realize the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, the current situation of the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources was systematically sorted out, and the realistic difficulties faced by the protection were deeply analyzed. The results show that, at present, the number of protected varieties has been increasing, regulations and policies have been improved, protected areas, seed conservation farms and gene banks have begun to take shape, and the quality of the workforce has been improved. However, it is also faced with the dilemma of not digging deep into the characteristics of resources, and the disconnection between protection and exploitation; the weak support of regulations and policies, and the lack of linkage in the management system; the obsolete facilities in the protected areas, conservation farms and gene banks, and the outdated protection technology; the insufficient financial support, and the single channel of investment. Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen the depth mining of resources, improve the level of development and utilization; establish and improve laws and regulations, integrate departmental management resources; strengthen the guidance of fiscal funds and establish a diversified investment and financing system; continue to promote the development and construction of seed conservation farms, protected areas and gene banks.

In recent years, the betel nut planting industry in Hainan Province has developed rapidly. Industrial adjustment and optimization will be the focus of its future development, and a reasonable production area layout is crucial for the sustainable development of the betel nut industry in Hainan. Using regional comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of betel nut production in various cities and counties in Hainan from 2005 to 2022. The results showed that the scale of betel nut cultivation in Hainan had significantly increased, but the yield had significantly decreased. The calculated results of the comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient showed strong consistency. The central regions of Qiongzhong, Ding'an, Baoting, and Tunchang had stronger comparative advantages in betel nut production, which were key areas for the production layout in Hainan. The leading advantage of traditional planting areas in the east was gradually weakening, while the overall western region lacked comparative advantages but showed a clear upward trend. The production of betel nuts in Hainan presents a pattern of retreating in the east, advancing in the west, and maintaining dominance in the center. The driving factors of spatial-temporal evolution mainly include higher economic benefits, the diffusion of high-yield cultivation and management techniques, and the spread of diseases and pests such as yellowing disease. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the layout of betel nut production, moderately control of planting scale, strengthen socialized services, clarify the regulatory policies for edible betel nut products, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the betel nut industry.

Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

The vegetable industry is important for rural industrial revitalization, and its high-quality development is an important support for the Chinese path to agricultural modernization. Based on the new development concept, we selected indicators from the five dimensions of "innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing" to construct an evaluation system for the high-quality development of vegetable industry. Additionally, an empirical model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors with a data sample of almost all provinces in China (except Tibet) from 2015-2020. The results showed that: (1) the level of high-quality development of China's vegetable industry in the 13th Five-Year Plan period had gradually increased, with the indices of sharing, innovation, green and coordination dimensions all increasing to different degrees, while the openness dimension had slightly declined. (2) Shandong and Jiangsu were in the high level of quality development of vegetable industry, 7 provinces such as Hebei and Henan were in the middle and high level, and over 20 provinces were in the middle and below level. (3) In terms of production areas, the order from large to small was the Huanghuaihai and Bohai rim region > Yangtze River region > Northeast region > Northwest region > South China region > Southwest region. (4) Regional economic development, industrial upgrading and agriculture-related loans had significant positive impacts on the high-quality development of vegetable industry, while agricultural insurance had a negative impact, and digital economy and environmental regulation had different significant impacts on their dimensional levels. It is recommended to optimize the layout of the vegetable industry, unblock the distribution channels of products, promote moderate scale operation, and increase industrial and security efforts.

In order to further understand the demand and benefits of agricultural meteorological services, the supply and demand of agricultural meteorological service product content, product time effect, service form and service channel are compared and analyzed from the two dimensions of agricultural meteorological service user demand and service supply through statistical analysis, and the contribution rate and economic benefits of agricultural meteorological services are measured on this basis. The results show that: (1) meteorological service for agriculture has a strong decision-making service attribute, and the government/administrative agencies or institutions are the current service subjects. Planting, agricultural insurance and agricultural management are the main service areas of meteorology serving agriculture, especially planting. (2) Agricultural users have a strong demand for meteorological services, the vast majority of agricultural meteorological products can meet user needs, and a few products still have a certain gap with user needs in terms of content, timeliness, service methods and channels. (3) The benefits of agricultural meteorological services are remarkable. The contribution rate of agricultural meteorological services was 4.84%, and the benefit value of national agricultural meteorological services was 347.26 billion yuan. On this basis, four suggestions are put forward in order to provide reference and support for meteorological departments to optimize the supply of agricultural meteorological services.

Through comparative experiments in different breeding periods of crayfish from April to October, 34 quality factors such as conventional nutritional components, texture properties, amino acid composition and content of 25-30 g crayfish meat were analyzed and compared. The results showed that 32 quality factors of crayfish in different breeding periods were significantly different (P<0.05, the same below). The conventional nutritional components and texture properties of crayfish increased first and then decreased, and those of shrimp from June to August were significantly higher than those in other months. The total amino acid (TAA) was 16.57%-19.72%, the highest was in April, followed by July, and the lowest was in October, showing an overall downward trend. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 32.63%-36.58%, and the ratio of EAA to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 59.67%-73.51%, which was the highest in shrimp from September to October, showing an upward trend. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 68.34-90.14, with the highest in April and the lowest in August, showing a downward trend. The correlation analysis between 32 quality factors and meteorological factors in breeding period showed that 23 quality factors were significantly correlated with meteorological factors in breeding period, among which the most quality factors were significantly correlated with the number of cloudy days, sunshine hours and temperature suitability index. They were mostly positively correlated with the number of cloudy days, mostly negatively correlated with the number of sunshine hours, and positively correlated with the temperature suitability index. The optimum temperature of the temperature suitability index related to the conventional nutrients were 22℃, the texture properties were 24-26℃, and the amino acids were 20℃. Therefore, under the appropriate temperature, the appropriate shade was conducive to improving the quality of crayfish. Analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and quality factors in different periods, the results showed that the early stage of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on conventional nutrients and amino acids, and the middle and late stages of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on texture properties.

Saline soil has limited plant growth due to its high alkalinity, poor air permeability, poor water permeability, easy surface hardening, low nutrient content, and harmful salt content. However, the national food security strategy requires greater efforts to “request food from saline soil land”. A large number of studies had proved that the appropriate concentration of wood vinegar could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil, thereby increasing its productivity of saline soil. The article listed the physical and chemical properties and component contents of different types of wood vinegar, described the range of application concentrations of wood vinegar, and summarized the changes in soil physics, chemistry, microorganisms, enzyme activities, and plant growth after wood vinegar was applied to saline-alkali soil, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the application of wood vinegar in saline soil.

The article systematically reviewed the research status of Chinese Clematis plants in germplasm resource investigation, cultivation and reproduction, pharmacology and garden applications, analyzed the regional representative distribution of Clematis germplasm resources due to different climatic conditions, and discussed the relationship between Clematis breeding and eco-geographical response. It was concluded that temperature control, light, appropriate amount of plant growth regulator and good culture medium were effective means to improve the breeding technology of Clematis, and the medicinal chemical composition, efficacy and landscaping forms of different species Clematis from the aspect of resource value utilization were further analyzed. It was suggested that the resources of Clematis with little development potential should be protected, and cross-breeding and utilization of the germplasm with good performance in the existing Clematis resources should be done.

In order to discuss resistance level and field occurrence of rice bakanae disease in the south of Heilongjiang, and screen rice bakanae disease resistant varieties, incidence rate of 60 conventional japonica rice in field were investigated and analyzed, adopting artificial inoculation method. The results indicated that: different rice varieties had different degrees of infestation in the field. The incidence of rice bakanae disease ranged from 0.8% to 39.9%, the average incidence was 14.6%. One rice variety with high resistance and 26 resistant rice varieties were screened out, the resistant varieties accounted for 73.3%, the overall resistance ratio was 11:4. There were differences in rice varieties resistance to rice bakanae disease in southern Heilongjiang Province, resistant varieties should be encouraged to plant to prevent the occurrence of disease in rice production. This study provides some basis for green disease control and rice bakanae disease resistance breeding.

This paper mainly describes the occurrence, causes and prevention and control technology of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, briefly describes the relationship between ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, summarizes the research progress of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles from the aspects of ginger plague, pathogenic bacteria, control status and technology, and summarizes the effective prevention and control methods of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil, rotating cultivation and soil fumigation. It is pointed out that there are few researches on pathogenic bacteria, accumulation of self-toxic substances in ginger and rhizosphere microorganisms at present, and relevant suggestions are proposed, in order to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of ginger plague, slow down the obstacles of continuous cropping, and promote the development of ginger industry and sustainable production.

With people's enhancing awareness of the importance of urban-rural integration and food safety, urban agriculture (UA) has become an important part of sustainable urban development planning and design. The development of UA serves as an effective supplement to rural agriculture and provides multiple ecosystem services to urban residents. To address the research hot topics and trends of UA in China, this article is based on the literature related to UA collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) in the past 20 years, the CiteSpace graph method is applied to draw and analyze a visual graph of its publication volume, institutions, authors and keywords, analyzing the research hotspots, frontiers, and overall evolutionary paths of UA research in China from 2003 to 2012 and 2013 to 2022, respectively. The results indicated that: (1) from 2003 to 2012, the overall number of publications showed an upward trend, and reached its peak in 2011(122 ); from 2013 to 2022, there was a trend of first decreasing and then gradually stabilizing, with the lowest number of publications in 2018, only 34. (2) From 2003 to 2012, the author with the most publications on urban agriculture in China was Zhou Pei, with 9 publications. The Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had issued the most papers, reaching 18. The author with the most publications from 2013-2022 is Zhou Zhongxue, with 19. The institution with the highest number of publications was the School of Tourism and Environment of Shaanxi Normal University, with a total of 19 articles. (3) From 2003 to 2012, the six keywords “UA”, “development of UA”, “countermeasures for UA”, “new rural construction”, “green Beijing” and “Beijing City” constituted the research hotspots and frontiers of UA in China's academic community. From 2013 to 2022, the three keywords of “metropolitan area”, “urbanization” and “UA” had become research hotspots. The three keywords of “landscape architecture”, “rural revitalization” and “rural population transfer” had become core issues of this field in the future. The institutions and authors that contributed the most to UA research in the past 20 years from 2003 to 2022 had changed, indicating that new scholars and institutions had joined the research team on UA study. However, relevant scholars and institutions lacked sustainability in their research on UA. Based on the characteristics presented by the UA researches, future research areas should continue to focus on rural revitalization and expanding the research scope and depth of the agricultural transfer population. The authors suggest that local governments should carry out the development of UA based on local characteristics.

The study aims to optimize the extraction conditions of essential oil from Oregano by traditional steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction. The extraction parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction process combination of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction was the basification of 1%, with extraction time for 1.5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:6. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction were 0.486 g /100 g and 0.608 g /100 g, respectively. There were 16 kinds of alkanes, 6 kinds of alkenes, 4 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones in the oil obtained by conventional steam distillation, the contents of which accounted for 74.366%, 6.263%, 1.245%, 12.684% and 0.449%, respectively. 20 kinds of alkanes, 9 kinds of alkenes, 5 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction, which accounted for 60.127%, 12.597%, 2.795%, 22.147% and 0.936%, respectively. At the same time, the types and contents of main bacteriostatic components of essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction were significantly higher than those of conventional steam distillation. The contents of thymol, cymene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol and α-hydrocene in conventional steam distillation essential oils were 8.492%, 3.286%, 2.551%, 2.143% and 0.206%, respectively. And those of simultaneous distillation-extraction were 13.925%, 5.218%, 4.509%, 4.14% and 0.36%, respectively. This study can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil. The optimum technology obtained in this study has the high yield of essential oil, which can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.

In order to clarify the effects of planting density on the grain filling characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of different maize varieties, in this study, the medium-high yield maize varieties ‘Yongyou 1573’ and ‘Yongyou 1593’ were used as experimental materials in 2021-2022, and three densities of 60000, 75000, 90000 plants/hm2 were set. The results showed that under different planting densities, the 100-grain weight showed a "fast increase-slow increase" rising trend, and the grain filling rate showed a single peak curve of "first increase and then decrease", and the peak filling appeared about 22 days after pollination. Increasing the planting density significantly reduced the theoretical maximum 100-grain weight (a), the maximum grain filling rate (Rmax), the average grain filling rate (Rmean) and the grain weight (Wmax) when the grain filling reached the maximum rate, and the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the 100-grain weight, the number of grains per ear, Wmax, Rmax and Rmean. After pollination, the dry matter accumulation of plants decreased with the increase of density, and the decrease of high density was more significant. The proportion of vegetative organs of plants in the early stage of filling was relatively large. The proportion of each organ of plants in the middle and late stage of filling was in the order of grain>stem sheath>leaf>ear axis>bract, and the contribution rate of stem sheath dry weight to grain yield was the largest. Increasing planting density reduced the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear and yield per plant of different maize varieties, and increased the bald tip length. The yield per unit area was the highest at the density of 75000 plants/hm2. There were differences among varieties. The 100-grain weight of ‘Yongyou 1573’ was less than that of ‘Yongyou 1593’, and the grain number per ear and yield per unit area were greater than the latter, indicating that the 100-grain weight and grain number per ear jointly affected the yield per unit area. This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of optimum planting density and the improvement of corn yield, and also has theoretical guiding significance for the realization of high efficiency and yield increase of summer corn in northern Henan.

To clarify the use of plant growth regulators in peanut production, we collected statistics on the types of regulators currently valid for registration in peanuts by querying the China Pesticide Information Network, and inquired about the maximum residue limits and detection methods of regulators in peanuts in the national food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763—2021). The toxicity of regulators mainly used in peanut productionwas analyzed to provide opinions and suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards in the next step. And it also provided reference for the high-quality development of the peanut industry’s export earnings, enhanced the international competitiveness of China’s peanut industry, and ensured the healthy and sustainable development of China’s peanut industry.

In order to explore the potential advantages of ‘Chuanmai 614’, and better serve production and application, this study analyzed its yield performance. Using 3-year regional trial data, the yield, stability and adaptability of ‘Chuanmai 614’ were studied using the analysis method of multi-year and multi-point comparison test and the GGE biplot model. The results showed that the average yield of ‘Chuanmai 614’ was 6031.50 kg/hm², ranking second, with good stability and adaptability to multiple environments. In the production experiment, the average yield of ‘Chuanmai 614’ was 7031.55 kg/hm², which ranked the first, and there was an increase of 8.79% compared to the control. Among the GGE biplot model analysis, the ‘variety with highest yield in different places’ functional diagram indicated that ‘Chuanmai 614’ had high production and good adaptability in Dazhou, Neijiang, Nanbu, Shuangliu, and Zhongjiang; the functional diagram of ‘high yield and stable yield’ showed that among all the varieties, ‘Chuanmai 614’ had the highest yield and good stability. The GGE biplot chart with concentric circles indicated that ‘Chuanmai 614’ had good yield and stability. Overall, ‘Chuanmai 614’ is a new nutrient efficient variety with good yield and stability.

The vertical difference of DO in fish ponds is one of the most important indicators for healthy ecological aquaculture. On the basis of vertical observation data of DO, water temperature, light intensity and meteorological observation data of Honghu City from June 21st to July 14th of 2022, the diurnal variation characteristics of DO of fish ponds were analyzed. The statistical analysis method was applied to diagnose the relationship between the difference of DO in the upper and lower layers and meteorological factors excluding human interference. The results showed that: in sunny summer, with the increase of light intensity entering the water, the DO of the upper layer was saturated or supersaturated but the DO of lower layer was still low. The increment of DO in 120 cm layer was not significantly negatively correlated with light intensity. And it was difficult for the fish living at the bottom layer to get enough DO from photosynthetic oxygen production. The vertical gradient of water temperature in fish ponds would hinder the transmission of DO downward. For example, with 1 ℃ difference of water temperature between 30cm and 60cm, the DO difference could be 6.6 mg/L. Under the effect of the wind force, the difference of water temperature, the transmission resistance of DO and the difference of DO concentration became much smaller with the increase of the wind. When the maximum wind speed was more than 9 m/s, the difference of DO was tiny between the upper and lower layer, and it was unnecessary to turn on the artificial oxygenation equipment. So breaking the vertical gradient of water temperature was an important method to ensure a nice ecological environment in fish ponds in summer. The necessity of human intervention was determined by the wind. The weaker the wind, the more intervention required.

Intelligent identification technology is a technology to recognize, judge and simulate images and videos by simulating the visual performance and thinking model of mankind. This paper listed the latest research of computer vision and intelligent identification technology in automatic grading of flue-cured tobacco from image and near infrared spectrum acquisition, feature extraction and intelligent identification model, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different intelligent identification model. At last, we put forward the robustness and accuracy of defect in identification model, and the application of intelligent recognition and multi-dimensional characteristic data fusion in tobacco grade determination would be the future research direction.

In order to comprehensively grasp the research trends of waxy corn in China, the journal papers from 2002 to 2022 included in the CNKI journal database were taken as the research object, and the analysis was carried out from the aspects of the number of papers, institutions, authors, journals, highly cited papers, and keyword co-occurrence by Excel, SATI, and VOSviewer. The results showed that the average annual number of papers published in all Chinese waxy corn research journals was 229, with 343 core authors. The core journal had an average annual of 59 articles and 146 core authors. Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the largest number of papers and Yangzhou University had the largest number of core journals papers. The largest number of articles published in Agricultural Science and Technology Newsletter was 254, accounting for 5.27% of the total number of documents. The core journal Maize Science had a maximum of 157 papers, accounting for 12.66% of the total number of papers. The highly cited papers were published in the journal with high academic level, such as Chinese Agricultural Science, Journal of Crops, and Maize Science with high citation of more than 50%, highlighting their core position and academic level. The keyword co-occurrence figures revealed that the waxy corn researches mainly involved the following aspects: (1) the cultivation of waxy corn, including the influence of cultivation modes and factors on the growth and yield of waxy corn; (2) the quality of waxy corn, including its starch characteristics and nutritional value; (3) germplasm resources and breeding techniques of new waxy corn varieties; (4) research on biological stress of waxy corn; (5) the impact of abiotic stress on the growth of waxy corn; (6) the problems and development strategies in the development of waxy corn industry; (7) the processing and preservation technology of waxy corn. In future waxy corn research, we can focus on creating high-quality waxy corn germplasm, quality research of waxy corn, research of efficient breeding technology systems and breeding high-quality new varieties, and standardized and efficient planting techniques.

To assess the farmers’ cognition on climate change and implement the action of improving the quality and efficiency of meteorological services for farmers, the response of phenological period to climate change was studied. Based on the phenological period data of Jiamusi City from 1993 to 2022, temperature and precipitation data from 1961 to 2022 and climate change perception data of farmers, we analyzed the relationship between climate change and phenological period and the farmers' perception of climate change with the mathematical statistics methods. In recent 30 a, the changes in the spring phenological period in the Sanjiang Plain have all shown an early trend, while the changes in the autumn phenological period have all shown a delayed trend. The trend of the dandelion phenological period shows the most significant changes, with the germination date of dandelion advancing at a rate of 5.5 d/10 a and the withering date delaying at a rate of 10.6 d/10 a; there are 8 pairs of extremely significant correlations and 6 pairs of significant correlations between temperature, precipitation, and phenological periods in spring and autumn, with 7 pairs of positive correlations and 7 pairs of negative correlations. The changes in the spring phenology are mainly influenced by temperature, while the changes in the autumn phenology are influenced by precipitation; the farmer’s perception results of temperature changes were basically consistent with the measured data, accuracy rate reached above 80%, and there were differences between the precipitation change trend perceived by farmers and the measured meteorological data, and the accuracy rate was 58.0%. The accuracy of the natural phenomenon phenological perception results was lower than the perception results of temperature and precipitation changes. With the increase of temperature and precipitation, the occurrence date of the phenology period is advanced and the end date is delayed, the phenology period shows an extended trend. Farmers have a more sensitive and relatively accurate perception of climate change related to agricultural production. The research results provide scientific basis and reference for formulating effective climate change adaptation policies for agricultural production.

The paper aims to clarify the effects of different ecological substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries, and to provide scientific basis for strawberry quality enhancement and organic product development. ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry was used as the test material, and sheep manure, mushroom slag, straw and grass charcoal were mixed and blended into the cultivation substrate according to different volume ratios, and the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of different ecological substrates were suitable for the growth of strawberries, and the growth potential of strawberry plants was the strongest under treatment Ⅲ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: coconut husk=1:2:1), followed by treatmentⅠ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal: straw=1:1:1:1) and Ⅳ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal=2:2:1). The strawberry growth under treatment Ⅴ (sheep manure: mushroom slag=1:2) was the weakest.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland soil seriously affects the quality of cultivated land and food security. To provide new materials for the remediation of Cd pollution in farmland soil, the effects of co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd absorption and accumulation in rice and soil improvement were investigated by preparation and application of co-pyrolysis biochar. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three different amounts of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd transport and migration characteristics and bioavailability in various organs of rice. The results showed that the application of co-pyrolysis biochar could reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grains, reduce the toxicity to rice plants, increase soil fertility and promote the growth of rice. Compared with no co-pyrolysis biochar addition, the soil pH of biochar treatment increased by 0.06-0.12 units, and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 37.20%-78.27%, 49.62%-134.10% and 20.79%-35.26%, respectively. After adding co-pyrolysis biochar, the available Cd content in soil decreased significantly by 11.11%-26.98% (P<0.05), and the Cd content in rice grain decreased significantly by 23.46%-47.49% (P<0.05). The application of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar in the field can improve soil fertility, soil environmental quality, and reduce Cd content in rice grains. The effect was most significantly when the amount of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar was 15 t/hm2.

In order to further verify the efficacy of VDAL on rice yield and disease resistance, and provide scientific basis for its popularization and application in rice production, different application time (before sowing stage, rice seedling stage, rice burst stage, rice full heading stage) and different application methods (seed dressing, stem and leaf spray) were set. The results indicated that the disease index of rice sheath blight treated with different treatments were significantly lower than that of clean water control. The best control effect of rice blast was seed dressing + spraying at rice burst stage + spraying at full heading stage, and the control effect of diseased fingers reached 76.53%. At the same time, this treatment combination also showed the most significant improvement in rice yield, with an increase of 13.27%. The effects of different treatments on characters of rice plants were significantly different. Therefore, in rice production, it is recommended to use VDAL for seed dressing, and spray 150 g / hm² of stems and leaves at rice burst stage and full heading stage.

The apple planting area and output of Hebei Province are the top in the country, and the temporal and spatial variation trends and characteristics of extreme drought in Hebei Province are analyzed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific irrigation in apple producing areas, and promote the development of local characteristic agriculture and the effective utilization of water resources. Based on the data of 142 ground weather stations in Hebei Province, this paper used surface wetness index and wavelet analysis to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province in the past 40 years (1981-2020), including the frequency, total number of occurrences and cyclical changes of extreme drought. The results showed that: (1) in terms of time changes, the frequency of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province had averaged 0.7-3.5 times per year in the past 40 years. The occurrence of extreme drought in each growing period of apple growing season in descending order was as follows: initial growth period (germination-flowering stage), late growth stage, fruit coloration stage, young fruit stage, and fruit expansion period. Between the decades, the 1980s were the highest, the 2000s were the lowest, and the 2010s showed a recovery trend. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the total number of droughts in the apple growing season showed the characteristics of less in the northeast and more in the northwest and central and southern regions, and the number of extreme droughts in the southern region was higher than that in the northern region during each phenological period during the year, but the high-value areas of extreme drought occurrence in the fruit expansion period and the late growth period were concentrated in the northwest Hebei region. The variation period of extreme drought in the province was 4-8 a, 7-11 a, 16-20 a. The frequency of extreme drought showed a recovery trend in the young fruit stage and late growth stage of apples in the 2010s, which should attract attention in the production practice.

Taking Jinchang City as the research area, this paper analyzed the quality grade, soil nutrient characteristics and spatial differentiation of cultivated land within the scope of the city, and provided the basis for scientific fertilization of cultivated land and improving the regional management level of soil nutrient under the condition of ensuring accuracy. As a quantitative method to analyze fuzzy phenomena, fuzzy mathematics has wide application value in many fields. Based on GIS technology, this paper explained how to use the method to evaluate cultivated land quality. Taking Jinchang City as an example, based on the national standard of Cultivated Land Quality Grade, this paper analyzed and studied the spatial distribution of cultivated land quality grade and nutrient content by combination of the county cultivated land resource management information system and GIS technology. The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in Jinchang was in grade 1 to grade 6, with no grade 7 to grade 10. The land of grade 1 was the main cultivated land in Jinchang, with an area of 80024.40 hm², accounting for 64.35% of the total cultivated land in Jinchang. The overall nutrient level of cultivated land in Jinchang was relatively medium, and the content of soil organic matter was mostly low and medium, showing a trend of high in the west and low in the east. Total nitrogen content was mostly low, showing a trend of higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. The content of available phosphorus was mostly at a high level, and it was generally higher in southwest than in northeast. The content of available potassium was mostly low and medium, with a general trend of high in the west and low in the east. The quality of cultivated land in Jinchang City was good. The soil fertility could be improved by increasing the application of organic fertilizer, increasing the intensity of irrigation, and increasing the popularization of water-saving technology, so as to keep the soil hydrated and fertile.

The bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze the research progresses and development trend in the field of Leguminivora glycinivorella using knowledge map analysis and visual analysis based on the literature published from Jul. 1955 to Jun. 2023 and recorded in the database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and five databases of Web of Science. There were 383 papers on L. glycinivorella published in 125 journals at home and abroad, and the researchers were from 294 research institutions of 8 countries or regions. The results showed that the total number of publications on L. glycinivorella kept increasing, and an explosive increase occurred during the 21st century. Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the most published papers among research institutions. Keywords in CNKI included control effect, occurrence regularity, soybean varieties, DDVP and Trichogramma, while keyword in Web of Science included identification and expression of resistance genes, transgenic soybean, Trichogramma and sex pheromone. Up to now, the researches are mainly involved in the fields of applied entomology, physiology and biochemistry, biology and ecology. Research hotspots on L. glycinivorella in China were closely related to its integrated control technology and screening of insect-resistant varieties. However, research hotspots in foreign countries were closely related to the genetic expression of L. glycinivorella. The bibliometric analysis results could help relevant researchers to quickly understand the current research status in this field. Targeting the current hot issues and weak links in L. glycinivorella, we can select the right research direction to develop more effective technical measures on the control of L. glycinivorella.

The research aimed to explore the effects of different types of plant growth regulators and their concentration differences on the growth of spring tea shoots and tea quality, in order to provide theoretical support for high-quality and efficient spring tea production in Taishan tea area. With ‘Yujinxiang’ tea as test material, the changes and differences of chlorophyll content, leaf area, shoot length, 100-bud weight, bud density, unit yield and quality indexes of tea leaves were investigated and analyzed by different concentrations of gibberellin and Bihu growth regulator in the early stage of spring tea germination. The results showed that the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of spring tea shoots were different. (1) Under the treatment of high concentration (75 mg/L) of gibberellin, the chlorophyll content was the highest, and the shoot length, leaf area, 100-bud weight and bud density were the most significant, but the contents of caffeine, total ash and tea polyphenols were also relatively high. (2) The effects of medium and low concentration (50, 25 mg/L) of gibberellin on the growth and quality indexes of tea shoots were lower than those of high concentration gibberellin treatment. (3) Under the treatment of plant growth regulator Bihu, which is frequently used in current production, it had a significant promoting effect on shoot length and leaf area, but it had a certain reducing effect on 100-bud weight and bud density. At the same time, it could promote the content of free amino acids and tea polyphenols, and reduce the content of caffeine and total ash, and the quality index was better. In the process of tea production, although the selection of gibberellin can increase the yield, it is not conducive to maintaining the quality of tea, while Bihu is conducive to the formation of tea quality, but it has little effect on increasing the yield. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tea products, spraying plant growth regulators cannot be used as a single adjustment method.

This study, based on the land use change survey data from 2018, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the agricultural land consolidation potential in 113 administrative villages of Habahe County. Through GIS spatial analysis and hierarchical analysis methods, the potential of cultivated land was measured from two dimensions: quantity and quality. The research found that the area of agricultural land consolidation in Habahe County was 34482.41 hm², of which the existing cultivated land area was 30904.50 hm². After calculation, the quantitative potential of agricultural land consolidation could increase cultivated land by 2900.05 hm², with a new cultivated land coefficient of 8.41%. Combining the local crop planting structure system, it was calculated that agricultural land consolidation could increase cultivated land productivity by 3479.28 t. This indicated that Habahe County had significant potential for agricultural land consolidation. Based on the new cultivated land coefficient and the quality of cultivated land, the consolidation potential is divided into four levels. The research results point out that farmland construction in Habahe County should be supported by improving water and road infrastructure, strengthening farmland protection, and improving soil through agricultural biotechnological measures to enhance the quality of cultivated land, increase land use efficiency, and improve the output efficiency of cultivated land. The study provides a foundation and basis for future land remediation planning in this area.

In order to master the effects of climate change on the growth, development and yield formation of dryland maize and to provide a theoretical basis for spring maize to cope with extreme climate and disaster prevention and mitigation in semi-arid regions, the methods of linear regression, polynomial function and correlation analysis were adopted to study the stress effects of meteorological factors on dry matter accumulation of maize by using the dry matter observation data and meteorological factor data of maize for 29 consecutive years from 1994 to 2022. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of maize fluctuated greatly between years in the past 29 years, and the effects of climate change on dry matter accumulation and growth rate were inconsistent. Meteorological factors had less influence on dry matter weight during the nutritional growth period and more influence during the reproductive growth period; precipitation was the most important meteorological factor affecting the dry matter weight of maize in semi-arid areas, while cumulative temperature and sunshine could basically meet the needs of maize growth and development, and the amount of dry matter accumulation was mainly affected by the precipitation from the seven-leaf stage to the tasseling stage, the cumulative temperature from the tasseling stage to the milk stage ≥10℃ and the sunshine hours from the tasseling stage to the maturing stage, and the drought and early autumn rains were the major stress factors for the maize in Longdong area; the dry matter weight was mainly determined by the reasonable matching degree of light, heat and water after the elongation stage, and the critical period of effective dry matter weight growth was from 10 days after flowering to 60 days after flowering. The accumulation of effective dry matter weight was directly affected by grouting speed and grouting period. This study can provide a reference for coping with climate change in dry crop maize in the northwest Loess Plateau under the background of climate change.

To screen the highly control insecticides against Bemisia tabaci of facility tomato, six insecticides were selected to test by spraying method in this study, and the control efficiency of different insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and yield of tomato were investigated and compared. The results showed that all the insecticides had the inhibitory effects against Bemisia tabaci, among which 22.4% spirotetramat SC and 22% sulfoxaflor SC exhibited the better control efficiency. After 7 days of application, their control efficiency exceeded 84%, which was 30% higher than the yield of CK. These two insecticides had no adverse impacts on crops and environment, which were suggested to be used alternately in production to achieve effective prevention and control purposes.

Exploring the regional competitive advantages of China's tea industry has important practical significance for optimizing the differentiated development of China's tea industry and promoting high-quality development of the tea industry. Based on the statistical data of China's tea industry from 1991 to 2020, the market share, resource endowment coefficient, and comparative advantage index were used to quantitatively measure the competitiveness of the tea industry in various tea producing provinces in China, the development trend of China's tea industry competitiveness was explored, and countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. The results indicate that: (1) China's tea production is gradually gathering in the southwest and central and eastern regions, especially in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, and Fujian. (2) China's tea industry has strong competitiveness, with a certain market size, resource endowment advantages, and comprehensive comparative advantages. (3) China's tea production has a comparative advantage in scale, showing an overall upward trend, forming a scale advantage production area mainly composed of the central and eastern regions of Fujian, Zhejiang, Hubei, and southwestern regions of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, etc. (4) The comparative advantage of tea production efficiency in China is not significant, and the overall situation is stable, forming an efficiency advantage production area mainly composed of Guangdong, Fujian and other southeast coastal areas. (5) China's tea production has a comprehensive comparative advantage, showing an overall upward trend, and the advantageous regions are relatively stable. The scale comparative advantage has accelerated the continuous enhancement of the "polarization effect" of the comprehensive comparative advantage. To enhance the competitiveness of China's tea industry, it is necessary to combine the advantages and characteristics of tea production regions, scientifically plan the layout of the tea industry, achieve reasonable resource allocation, and promote the improvement, efficiency, transformation, and upgrading of the tea industry.

To improve the quality of seeds, realize the standardization of seeds, and promote the increase of rapeseed yield, the effects of different drug varieties on the growth of rapeseed were explored by pelletizing coating of rapeseed seeds in this study. Among them, the effects of pelletized seed coating agent (NXY-1) and Switzerland suspension seed coating agent (SLS) coated with different drug ratios on the seedling growth of rapeseed were studied using Brassica napus 'Fan-ming No. 1' as the test material. The results showed that the optimal seed mass ratio was 1:300 in the pelletized seed coating agent NXY-1, and the pelletized seed coating agent could promote seed emergence, with the highest dry-to-fresh weight ratio before winter and full flowering stage, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content were the highest 21 days after emergence compared with the control, which could effectively increase the contents of chlorophyll and gibberellin, and the effect was better than that of the imported seed coating agent SLS.

Revealing the land bearing capacity (LBC) state of livestock and poultry manures (LPMs) in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, can provide theoretical references for adjusting and optimizing regional livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) pattern, promoting planting-breeding combination and green development of agriculture. Based on the nutrient supply from LPM and the nutrient demand of crops, this study used the recommended method of the Technical Guide for Calculating The Land Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure, to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of LBC state of LPMs from the perspective of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Dezhou City in the past ten years (from 2012 to 2021). The results indicated that: (1) in terms of time distribution, the total input and supply of nitrogen nutrients from LPMs in 2021 were 15.55×10⁴ tons and 9.51×10⁴ tons, and those of phosphorus nutrients were 2.33×10⁴ tons and 1.7×10⁴ tons, the total amount of LPB was 1412.59×10⁴ (pig equivalent), and the LBC of LPMs was 1937.72×10⁴ (pig equivalent) (based on nitrogen supply and demand), the land bearing capacity index was 0.73.These overall trends was decreasing compared with 2012. The increase of the amount of LPB was 525.14×10⁴ (pig equivalent), an increase of 74.89% compared with that in 2012. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the planting and breeding in the central and southern counties (cities and districts) were more developed, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients supply and demand from LPMs were higher. The results in 2021 showed that the lands were overloaded with manures in Qingyun County and Pingyuan County, and that was not overloaded in Xiajin County, but the land bore great pressure. The lands were not overloaded with manures in Yucheng City, Lingcheng District, Decheng District, Qihe County, Ningjin County, Laoling City, Linyi County and Wucheng County, but the bearing pressures of lands varied greatly among different regions. In general, the land was not overloaded with manures in Dezhou city, and there was still a certain growth space for the scale of LPB. However, there were obvious differences in the capacity of lands to absorb manures in different districts, and the development potentials of breeding scale were different. Therefore, it was necessary to optimize the pattern of LPB, promote the combination of planting and breeding, and implement inter-regional collaborative management.

This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of efficient rainwater collection and utilization systems in facility agriculture, and it also serves as a reference for evaluating and selecting other efficient water-saving agricultural practices. By considering economic costs, technical performance, operational management, and environmental impacts, an evaluation index system for rainwater collection and utilization in facility agriculture was constructed. An improved rank correlation analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (Reelies-AHP-FSE) model were employed to analyze the influencing factors of efficient rainwater collection and utilization in facility agriculture. Expert ratings and sequential relationship methods were incorporated in the analysis. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to score different design options for rainwater transmission and storage systems, and the optimal solution for rainwater collection and utilization in the research area was selected. The results showed that the fuzzy comprehensive index value for the rectangular concrete channel with slope treatment was 3.922, indicating it as the preferred option for rainwater transmission. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value for the pipeline storage structure was 4.003, making it the optimal choice for rainwater storage. This evaluation method optimized the material and form selection based on factors such as terrain adaptability, water storage efficiency, and water quality maintenance, providing valuable insights for promoting the utilization of rainwater collection in facility agriculture.

As universal power machinery in the field of green agriculture, the power transmission configuration of new energy & intelligent tractors (NI Tractors) simplifies the mechanical system. It makes easier for the machine to achieve digital control and possessing new characteristics of agricultural modernization. New energy intelligent tractors are more likely to promote the integration of facilities, agronomy, and agricultural machinery into a digital intelligent model, thereby creating comprehensive benefits for facility agriculture in desert and gobi. The new energy intelligent tractor industry can also drive the emerging industry chain of agricultural machinery chip manufacturing, permanent magnet synchronous motors, power batteries, and other fields, thus possessing the characteristics of modern and new quality productivity in agriculture. The process of independent development of new energy tractor technology in China is carried out at the same time as that of foreign countries, and some technologies have reached the level of parallel and leading. It is necessary to timely summarize the development characteristics of new energy intelligent tractor technology to help China agriculture achieve stable and far-reaching development. The study first introduces the definition, characteristics, and scenarios of new energy tractors, and discusses their significance for Chinese style development in areas such as dual carbon goals, green agriculture, overtaking on curves, industrial economy, and cultural heritage; secondly, it introduces the current situation of new energy tractor products at home and abroad, and explains the development trend of key technologies such as power management, drive systems, one source for multi use, and smart source electric connection; finally, the development vision and docking suggestions for new energy tractors are proposed. This article summarizes the future development trends of tractor energy greening, autonomous operation intelligence, and integration of facility farmland agricultural machinery, helping to construct a zero carbon agricultural machinery theoretical system and implement zero carbon agricultural machinery product technology, providing reference for the modernization of China's agricultural machinery development.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which causes porcine epidemic diarrhea, was used as the research target in this study. The live vector strain LP1522-PEDS of Lactobacillus plantarum containing PEDV S gene was used to immunize mice orally. The content of SIgA in feces and the contents of IgG, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-γ in serum of immunized mice were detected by ELISA, and the immune effect of Lactobacillus recombinant strain LP1522-PEDS on mice was evaluated. The results showed that after the first immunization, the contents of SIgA in feces and IgG, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-γ in serum of the commercial inactivated vaccine group and the engineered strain immunization group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The antibody levels of the inactivated vaccine group and the recombinant strain group reached the maximum after 42-56 days of immunization. The levels of antibodies and immune factors were as follows: commercial inactivated vaccine group > LP1522-PEDS group > empty vector group ≈ control group. Subsequently, the antibody levels in the inactivated vaccine group and LP1522-PEDS group gradually decreased. After 70 days of immunization, the antibody level of the commercial inactivated vaccine group decreased with small amplitude and the antibody level of the engineered strain immunization group decreased greatly. The results showed that the genetic engineering Lactobacillus plantarum LP1522-PEDS carrying PEDV S gene could induce PEDV immune response in mice via oral administration.

Mikania micrantha is one of the most harmful weeds in tropical and subtropical regions, known as the "one-minute mile grass" and the title of "plant killer". With the increasing development of invasive alien plants, invasive alien plant Mikania micrantha has also become one of the hot spots of research and development at present. Transforming invasive plants into beneficial resources can not only avoid wasting a lot of manpower and material resources to control the spread of invasive plants, but also obtain product resources with better control effect. This paper summarizes the plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha in three aspects of crop pest control (fruit and vegetable crop pest, food crop pest, cash crop pest and other pests), crop virus, fungus and nematode control (pathogenic bacteria of food crop, pathogenic bacteria of vegetable crop, pathogenic bacteria of fruit, pathogenic bacteria of cash crop and nematode control) and other applications of agricultural control (herbicide, control of invasive alien organisms). Finally, the development prospect and future research direction of plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha were prospected.

The primary aim of this study is to optimize the process of cellulose degradation of distiller's grains. Utilizing discarded distiller's grains from liquor and rice wine factories for NaOH pretreatment, this research conducted a univariate experiment to investigate the impacts of NaOH concentration, distiller's grain particle size and NaOH treatment duration on the cellulose content in the grains. The distiller's grains and the optimal pretreatment conditions were selected based on the experimental results. Subsequently, cellulase was used for enzymatic hydrolysis, and the effects of enzyme dosage, hydrolysis temperature, and hydrolysis time and pH value on the enzymatic hydrolysis of distiller's grains cellulose were studied. A response surface analysis of three-level, four-factor was performed with reducing sugar absorbance as the response variable to determine the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that: (1) in the pretreatment test, different NaOH concentration and NaOH action time had significant effects on cellulose content of the same distillers, but mesh number had no significant effects on cellulose content of distillers. Under the same treatment conditions, the cellulose content of liquor distiller's grains was significantly higher than that of rice wine distiller's grains. Considering these factors, liquor distiller's grains were selected for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. (2) The single-factor of the enzymatic hydrolysis process showed that the optimal effects of enzyme dosage, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, and pH were 800 U/g, 50℃, 4.5 h, and pH 5.5, respectively. Based on the single-factor results, a four-factor and three-level response surface analysis was conducted, which showed that enzyme dosage, temperature, and time had significant effects on the absorbance of reducing sugar, while pH had no significant effect. Among the pairwise interactions, enzyme dosage with time and temperature with time had significant effects on the absorbance of reducing sugar. The regression relationship between these four factors and the absorbance was significant and well-fitted, which could be used for prediction in actual production. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were as follows: cellulase dosage of 950 U/g, reaction temperature of 48℃, reaction time of 5.1 hours, and pH 5.5. Under these conditions, the maximum absorbance reached 0.47. This study indicates that through proper pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, the cellulose in distillers' grains can be effectively converted into reducing sugars, offering a viable approach for the high-value utilization of distillers' grains.

In order to study the impact of maximum residue limit standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs on China honey export trade, this article provides an overview of the current agricultural and veterinary drug residue limit regulations and standards in China, the European Union, the United States, Japan, and Australia, as well as the maximum residue limit standards in honey. It also compares and analyzes the relevant limit regulations and standards in China with the aforementioned countries and regions. As a result, China only has limited regulations on 6 pesticides and veterinary drugs in honey in national standards, whereas the European Union, Japan, Australia, and the United States have respectively established limits for 538, 79, 4, and 3 pesticides and veterinary drugs in their respective national standards and regulations. China industry standards have 13 MRL standards for pesticides and veterinary drugs, which have revised and supplemented the National Standard to some extent. However, compared with the standard systems of developed countries, standards for the limit of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in honey are relatively weak in China. Furthermore，There are differences in the types and quantities of MRL standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs in honey between China and other countries and regions such as the European Union, but China's standards are in line with its actual national conditions. In order to avoid the obstruction of honey export, we can refer to the standards of other countries and regions with China honey trade, and provide technical support for the revision of MRL standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs in China.

To solve the frequent occurrence of scab and stalk rot in the southern Huanghuai wheat area, as well as the freezing injury caused by superimposed abnormal climate change and the phenomenon of ripening forced by high temperature in the later period, the superior resources were gathered, the methods of compound hybridization and flood and drought remote system breeding were adopted. A new wheat variety passed the approval in Henan Province in 2022 after demonstrations of comparative tests, regional tests, production tests, and large-scale adaptability tests, and met the breeding goals. The new wheat variety 'Hemai 1707' has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield, early maturity, and multi-resistance, the variety breeding adopts methods such as compound hybridization, and polymorphic identification, which is conducive to the aggregation of excellent genes and adaptive selection. Continuous improvement of varieties can better meet the demands.

Utilizing observation data from the apple phenological period in the Zhaoyuan area in 2022, this study investigated the impact of meteorological conditions—specifically light, temperature, and moisture—during critical phenological stages (flowering, fruiting, fruit expansion, and ripening) on apple growth. Additionally, thesoil relative moisture and agro-meteorological characteristics during crucial growth and reproductive phaseswere evaluated. The findings revealed that meteorological conditions throughout the apple's fertility period generally satisfied apple growth requirements, with soil moisture levels being appropriate and temperatures slightly elevated during the flowering phase. The fruit expansion phase experienced higher precipitation, enhancing the orchard's moisture content. Favorable meteorological conditions during the fruit harvesting phase contributed to improved apple ripening, enhancing sweetness, color, and overall quality, making apples ideally suited for harvest. This study aims to identify optimal meteorological conditions throughout the apple fertility period to mitigate potential damage, facilitate the rational utilization of agro-climatic resources, support farmers in scientifically managing apple cultivation, and advance apple production quality and economic returns. This provides reliable meteorological, scientific, and technological backing for future endeavors in tailored meteorological services, offering a scientific basis for reference.