Chitosan is a natural, safe, and cheap product of chitin deacetylation, which is widely used in industry production due to its own features. In this paper, the function and application of chitosan and its nanoparticles in seed treatment, soil remediation and increasing efficiency of fertilizer and pesticide synergy were reviewed. Chitosan can be used for seed treatment and soil amendment, promoting plant growth and inducing plant tolerance to abiotic and biological stresses. In recent years, chitosan has also been used to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles, as carriers of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and microelements, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing stockpiles and increasing efficiency, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Finally, future research directions of chitosan and its nanoparticles in agriculture were prospected.

In order to explore the effective way to realize the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, the current situation of the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources was systematically sorted out, and the realistic difficulties faced by the protection were deeply analyzed. The results show that, at present, the number of protected varieties has been increasing, regulations and policies have been improved, protected areas, seed conservation farms and gene banks have begun to take shape, and the quality of the workforce has been improved. However, it is also faced with the dilemma of not digging deep into the characteristics of resources, and the disconnection between protection and exploitation; the weak support of regulations and policies, and the lack of linkage in the management system; the obsolete facilities in the protected areas, conservation farms and gene banks, and the outdated protection technology; the insufficient financial support, and the single channel of investment. Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen the depth mining of resources, improve the level of development and utilization; establish and improve laws and regulations, integrate departmental management resources; strengthen the guidance of fiscal funds and establish a diversified investment and financing system; continue to promote the development and construction of seed conservation farms, protected areas and gene banks.

In recent years, the betel nut planting industry in Hainan Province has developed rapidly. Industrial adjustment and optimization will be the focus of its future development, and a reasonable production area layout is crucial for the sustainable development of the betel nut industry in Hainan. Using regional comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of betel nut production in various cities and counties in Hainan from 2005 to 2022. The results showed that the scale of betel nut cultivation in Hainan had significantly increased, but the yield had significantly decreased. The calculated results of the comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient showed strong consistency. The central regions of Qiongzhong, Ding'an, Baoting, and Tunchang had stronger comparative advantages in betel nut production, which were key areas for the production layout in Hainan. The leading advantage of traditional planting areas in the east was gradually weakening, while the overall western region lacked comparative advantages but showed a clear upward trend. The production of betel nuts in Hainan presents a pattern of retreating in the east, advancing in the west, and maintaining dominance in the center. The driving factors of spatial-temporal evolution mainly include higher economic benefits, the diffusion of high-yield cultivation and management techniques, and the spread of diseases and pests such as yellowing disease. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the layout of betel nut production, moderately control of planting scale, strengthen socialized services, clarify the regulatory policies for edible betel nut products, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the betel nut industry.

In the context of "dual carbon" goal, the scientific construction of evaluation methods and index systems for low-carbon villages in China has important pioneering significance for rural development and planning, and can also provide important support and basis for evaluating and quantifying rural low-carbon levels. Based on the rural energy construction and low-carbon/zero-carbon energy technology, further integrate the concepts of rural revitalization strategy, ecological civilization construction, rural living environment improvement and beautiful rural construction, scientifically set the evaluation object and scope, so as to build a low-carbon village index system. The weight of each index in the evaluation index system was determined by the analytic hierarchy method (AHP), the score was assigned, and the rationality of the low-carbon village evaluation system was verified using the Cronbach alpha coefficient method. Focusing on low-carbon energy use, energy saving, domestic waste treatment and resource utilization, and low-carbon village management in rural life, a total of 15 indicators of 4 standard layers are set up, highlighting the construction level of low-carbon technology application and energy efficiency improvement in village construction, fully considering China's regional differences, combining relevant national policies, standards, norms, etc., setting index data quantification and calculation evaluation benchmark values, and improving and establishing a low-carbon village evaluation system at multiple scales and dimensions. Through the reliability test of the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the reliability of the first-level indicators of China's low-carbon village index system was 0.850, 0.828, 0.833 and 0.805, respectively, and the reliability test results exceeded 0.80, indicating that the evaluation method and index system of China's low-carbon villages were reasonable and feasible.

Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

In order to master the quality and safety of edible fungi, the levels of 62 kinds of pesticide residues in edible fungi sold in Beijing from 2021 to 2022 were screened, the pesticide residues of insecticides and fungicides in 6 common edible fungi were evaluated by food safety index method, and the risk of chronic and acute dietary intake of 19 pesticides were also evaluated. The results showed that the IFS values of 15 insecticides and 4 fungicides detected in edible fungi and the average food safety index values of 6 edible fungi were all less than 100. The pesticide residues detected had little influence on the edible fungi, and the six edible fungi were in a good state of safety, the risk of chronic dietary intake and the risk of acute dietary intake of 19 detected pesticide residues in edible fungi were both lower than 100%, and the risk of both chronic and acute dietary intake were lower. However, the risk values of dietary intakes of two pesticides, cyromazine and emamectin benzoate, were relatively high among the 19 pesticides detected. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the use of cyromazine and emamectin benzoate in edible fungi to ensure the quality and safety of edible fungi products.

To explore the natural variations in regulating the maize kernel development and to assist in the genetic improvement of maize yield traits, in this study, 150 maize inbred lines with rich genetic variations were selected as materials for investigation. Combining 34,342 SNP markers and three models, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted on five grain-related traits. The results revealed that a total of 18 independent loci were significantly associated with the target traits, with each locus accounting for 12.24% to 15.41% of the phenotypic variations. Additionally, significant epistatic interactions were identified among four pairs of SNPs associated with kernel length, collectively explaining 5.32% of the phenotypic variations. By integrating the dynamic transcriptome data of kernel development in the B73 inbred line and functional annotations of genes, 19 candidate genes were predicted and classified into four categories: 6 enzymes, 3 ribosomal proteins, 1 transcription factor, and 9 other proteins. These candidate genes provide new genetic resources for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of maize kernel development and enhancing maize kernel size and yield. Through this research, we have not only uncovered the natural variations that regulate the development of corn kernels but also provided new genetic resources for the genetic improvement of corn yield traits. These findings are expected to bring new breakthroughs in corn breeding efforts, enhance corn production, and thereby better meet human needs for food.

The vegetable industry is important for rural industrial revitalization, and its high-quality development is an important support for the Chinese path to agricultural modernization. Based on the new development concept, we selected indicators from the five dimensions of "innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing" to construct an evaluation system for the high-quality development of vegetable industry. Additionally, an empirical model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors with a data sample of almost all provinces in China (except Tibet) from 2015-2020. The results showed that: (1) the level of high-quality development of China's vegetable industry in the 13th Five-Year Plan period had gradually increased, with the indices of sharing, innovation, green and coordination dimensions all increasing to different degrees, while the openness dimension had slightly declined. (2) Shandong and Jiangsu were in the high level of quality development of vegetable industry, 7 provinces such as Hebei and Henan were in the middle and high level, and over 20 provinces were in the middle and below level. (3) In terms of production areas, the order from large to small was the Huanghuaihai and Bohai rim region > Yangtze River region > Northeast region > Northwest region > South China region > Southwest region. (4) Regional economic development, industrial upgrading and agriculture-related loans had significant positive impacts on the high-quality development of vegetable industry, while agricultural insurance had a negative impact, and digital economy and environmental regulation had different significant impacts on their dimensional levels. It is recommended to optimize the layout of the vegetable industry, unblock the distribution channels of products, promote moderate scale operation, and increase industrial and security efforts.

In order to further understand the demand and benefits of agricultural meteorological services, the supply and demand of agricultural meteorological service product content, product time effect, service form and service channel are compared and analyzed from the two dimensions of agricultural meteorological service user demand and service supply through statistical analysis, and the contribution rate and economic benefits of agricultural meteorological services are measured on this basis. The results show that: (1) meteorological service for agriculture has a strong decision-making service attribute, and the government/administrative agencies or institutions are the current service subjects. Planting, agricultural insurance and agricultural management are the main service areas of meteorology serving agriculture, especially planting. (2) Agricultural users have a strong demand for meteorological services, the vast majority of agricultural meteorological products can meet user needs, and a few products still have a certain gap with user needs in terms of content, timeliness, service methods and channels. (3) The benefits of agricultural meteorological services are remarkable. The contribution rate of agricultural meteorological services was 4.84%, and the benefit value of national agricultural meteorological services was 347.26 billion yuan. On this basis, four suggestions are put forward in order to provide reference and support for meteorological departments to optimize the supply of agricultural meteorological services.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is recognized for its rapid, non-invasive technology in medium and small-scale near-earth sensing. It has been widely applied in soil property analysis due to its considerable data richness, high resolution and excellent spatial continuity. This article presented a comprehensive review of the principles underlying GPR’s use in soil property detection, elaborated on forward simulation methods and the prevalent soil dielectric models in use. It summarized the current advancements in applying GPR technology for assessing various soil properties, including moisture content, texture, stratification, compaction, and salinity. Additionally, the paper discussed the challenges and limitations in the field applications: the influence factors of field detection were complex, and the data interpretation was complex and subjective, most of the researches only stayed in the qualitative or semi-quantitative stage. Concluding perspective, the article pointed out that with ongoing advancements in signal processing and theoretical research, GPR held significant potential for future innovations in soil characteristic exploration. This work aimed to serve as a valuable resource for ongoing and future studies on the application of GPR in soil property investigation.

To clarify the flowering characteristics and the impact of breeding systems on Bougainvillea glabra 'Mrs. Eva', so as to promote its hybrid breeding and garden application, field observation method was adopted to investigate its flowering phenology, as well as the dynamic process of flowering and morphological characteristics of its flowers. FDA staining method and liquid culture medium method were used to determine its pollen viability and in vitro germination rate. The breeding system was determined through a combination of morphological observation, aniline blue staining method, and field hybridization experiments. The results showed that: (1) the floral tube structure of B. glabra 'Mrs. Eva' was unique, cylindrical with upper part wrinkled and both ends swollen, which hamper most insect pollination. (2) The pollen grains of B. glabra 'Mrs Eva' were round or elliptical in shape, with reticulate patterns; the total pollen count per flower was 1375, and the suitable temperature for pollen germination was 28℃; the pollen exhibits group germination effect. (3) The ratio of pollen quantity to ovule was 11000, and the hybridization index was 4. Based on the results of field bagging and artificial pollination experiments, it can be concluded that the main breeding system of B. glabra 'Mrs. Eva' is cross-pollination type and requires pollinators. The research results are of certain significance for resource utilization and germplasm innovation of B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva’.

The integration of water and fertilizer has been developed rapidly in the field of agricultural fertilization in recent years, which is an important way to improve crop fertilizer efficiency. Bibliometrics method was used to analyze the literature related to the integration of water and fertilizer. Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructur (CNKI) database, literature related to integration of water and fertilizer from 2010 to 2023 was collected as the research object, while the number of literature, age distribution, journal distribution, publication institution distribution, author information, research content and hot topics in the core database of CNKI were objectively and systematically analyzed. The results showed that from 2010 to 2023, a total of 216 articles related to the integration of water and fertilizer were published in China. The earliest literature on the integration of water and fertilizer was published in 2010, and the number of published articles fluctuated with the increase of years. In terms of published papers, authors, publishing institutions, etc., papers on integration of water and fertilizer were mainly published in agriculture and forestry and other related professional journals. The publishing institution was focused on institutions of higher learning and research institutes in Beijing, Shandong and Ningxia, which had strong water and fertilizer research strength and academic background. At present, the core authors in the field of integrated water and fertilizer had not formed a stable group and the number of personnel was relatively small. According to the research content, water and fertilizer integration technology focused on the output, internet of things, control system and drip irrigation. The results objectively reflected the domestic research trends of integration of water and fertilizer from 2010 to 2023, which provided supporting data for researchers in this field.

As the strategy for rural revitalization is progressively implemented, rural areas are confronted with numerous challenges in disaster prevention, reduction and relief, especially frequent emergencies and relatively weak response and self-rescue capabilities. This study aims to analyze the problems of insufficient emergency science popularization ability and low science popularization efficiency in current rural emergency management in China, and explore corresponding solutions. This research has found that improving the emergency scientific literacy of rural residents is the fundamental way to enhance their ability to respond to emergencies. And proposes a series of targeted suggestions based on the specific situation of rural areas and the characteristics of residents, including strengthening the construction of emergency science popularization teams in rural areas as a key measure, establishing a demand oriented science popularization concept to guide practice, innovating emergency science popularization methods as the main approach, optimizing and enriching emergency science popularization resources as a guarantee and support. The aim is to strengthen the residents' preventive awareness and scientific response capabilities through emergency science education, so as to provide strong support for China's emergency management and disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.

Saline soil has limited plant growth due to its high alkalinity, poor air permeability, poor water permeability, easy surface hardening, low nutrient content, and harmful salt content. However, the national food security strategy requires greater efforts to “request food from saline soil land”. A large number of studies had proved that the appropriate concentration of wood vinegar could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil, thereby increasing its productivity of saline soil. The article listed the physical and chemical properties and component contents of different types of wood vinegar, described the range of application concentrations of wood vinegar, and summarized the changes in soil physics, chemistry, microorganisms, enzyme activities, and plant growth after wood vinegar was applied to saline-alkali soil, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the application of wood vinegar in saline soil.

The major objective of the present study is to show application potential of Helleborus in China and to accelerate development and utilization of Helleborus in the fields of medicine, manufacturing and landscaping. The biological characteristics, habits and cultivation techniques of the genus were reviewed, and the chemical components, medicinal effects, origin of names, ornamental characteristics and garden application were discussed. It was found that the subjects had significant medicinal, cultural, and ornamental value. It was pointed out that there were insufficient efforts in botany basic research, medicinal plant development, and new variety cultivation in current work. At the same time, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed accordingly.

In order to discuss resistance level and field occurrence of rice bakanae disease in the south of Heilongjiang, and screen rice bakanae disease resistant varieties, incidence rate of 60 conventional japonica rice in field were investigated and analyzed, adopting artificial inoculation method. The results indicated that: different rice varieties had different degrees of infestation in the field. The incidence of rice bakanae disease ranged from 0.8% to 39.9%, the average incidence was 14.6%. One rice variety with high resistance and 26 resistant rice varieties were screened out, the resistant varieties accounted for 73.3%, the overall resistance ratio was 11:4. There were differences in rice varieties resistance to rice bakanae disease in southern Heilongjiang Province, resistant varieties should be encouraged to plant to prevent the occurrence of disease in rice production. This study provides some basis for green disease control and rice bakanae disease resistance breeding.

In order to clarify the effects of planting density on the grain filling characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of different maize varieties, in this study, the medium-high yield maize varieties ‘Yongyou 1573’ and ‘Yongyou 1593’ were used as experimental materials in 2021-2022, and three densities of 60000, 75000, 90000 plants/hm2 were set. The results showed that under different planting densities, the 100-grain weight showed a "fast increase-slow increase" rising trend, and the grain filling rate showed a single peak curve of "first increase and then decrease", and the peak filling appeared about 22 days after pollination. Increasing the planting density significantly reduced the theoretical maximum 100-grain weight (a), the maximum grain filling rate (Rmax), the average grain filling rate (Rmean) and the grain weight (Wmax) when the grain filling reached the maximum rate, and the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the 100-grain weight, the number of grains per ear, Wmax, Rmax and Rmean. After pollination, the dry matter accumulation of plants decreased with the increase of density, and the decrease of high density was more significant. The proportion of vegetative organs of plants in the early stage of filling was relatively large. The proportion of each organ of plants in the middle and late stage of filling was in the order of grain>stem sheath>leaf>ear axis>bract, and the contribution rate of stem sheath dry weight to grain yield was the largest. Increasing planting density reduced the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear and yield per plant of different maize varieties, and increased the bald tip length. The yield per unit area was the highest at the density of 75000 plants/hm2. There were differences among varieties. The 100-grain weight of ‘Yongyou 1573’ was less than that of ‘Yongyou 1593’, and the grain number per ear and yield per unit area were greater than the latter, indicating that the 100-grain weight and grain number per ear jointly affected the yield per unit area. This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of optimum planting density and the improvement of corn yield, and also has theoretical guiding significance for the realization of high efficiency and yield increase of summer corn in northern Henan.

Anthocyanin, as a natural bioactive substance, is widely used in the livestock and poultry breeding industry. This article reviews the current research progress on anthocyanins and discusses their application in livestock and poultry breeding from the perspective of green breeding and their important role in improving breeding benefits. The promotion of feed additives such as anthocyanins will become an important trend in the future livestock and poultry breeding industry, contributing to the industry's sustainable development.

The study aims to optimize the extraction conditions of essential oil from Oregano by traditional steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction. The extraction parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction process combination of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction was the basification of 1%, with extraction time for 1.5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:6. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction were 0.486 g /100 g and 0.608 g /100 g, respectively. There were 16 kinds of alkanes, 6 kinds of alkenes, 4 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones in the oil obtained by conventional steam distillation, the contents of which accounted for 74.366%, 6.263%, 1.245%, 12.684% and 0.449%, respectively. 20 kinds of alkanes, 9 kinds of alkenes, 5 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction, which accounted for 60.127%, 12.597%, 2.795%, 22.147% and 0.936%, respectively. At the same time, the types and contents of main bacteriostatic components of essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction were significantly higher than those of conventional steam distillation. The contents of thymol, cymene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol and α-hydrocene in conventional steam distillation essential oils were 8.492%, 3.286%, 2.551%, 2.143% and 0.206%, respectively. And those of simultaneous distillation-extraction were 13.925%, 5.218%, 4.509%, 4.14% and 0.36%, respectively. This study can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil. The optimum technology obtained in this study has the high yield of essential oil, which can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.

This paper mainly describes the occurrence, causes and prevention and control technology of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, briefly describes the relationship between ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, summarizes the research progress of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles from the aspects of ginger plague, pathogenic bacteria, control status and technology, and summarizes the effective prevention and control methods of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil, rotating cultivation and soil fumigation. It is pointed out that there are few researches on pathogenic bacteria, accumulation of self-toxic substances in ginger and rhizosphere microorganisms at present, and relevant suggestions are proposed, in order to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of ginger plague, slow down the obstacles of continuous cropping, and promote the development of ginger industry and sustainable production.

The development from neutral (pH 6.5-7.5) to acidic (pH 4.5-5.5) is the key stage of soil acidification, so the buffering capacity of soil to acid in the range of pH 4.5-6.5 will directly affect the rate of soil acidification. In the study, 48 representative paddy soil samples were collected from plain areas of Zhejiang Province, and the acid buffering performance and its main influencing factors of the soils in the key pH stage of acidification were characterized. The results showed that the acid buffer capacity of the paddy soils, the amount of acid needed to reduce the pH value by one unit, ranged from 8.34-41.22 mmol/(kg·pH), with an average of 23.38 mmol/(kg·pH). The capacity decreased in the order of soils in river-net plain>soils in coastal plain>soils in river valley plain. The acid buffer capacity of the paddy soils in the river-net plain and coastal plain was 1.60 and 1.17 times of that in river valley plain, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soil clay content and CEC were the main factors affecting soil acid buffer capacity, and the lack of clay content was the main inducement of soil rapid acidification in the plain area. Low-clay soil is the focus of farmland acidification prevention in the plain area.

In order to explore the allelopathy between millet and giant foxtail growth, the effects of different concentrations of water extracts on foxtail millet seed germination and seedling growth were studied by using‘Jinxuan 6’and ‘Setaria viridis’ as experimental materials. The results showed that different concentrations of water extracts have‘low promotion and high inhibition’on seed germination and seedling growth. Compared with the control, the emergence rate was decreased by 13.888%, and the allelopathic index was -0.139 under the treatment of original solution. The comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were -0.070 and -0.034 under the treatment of original solution and 10 times diluted solution, which showed allelopathic inhibition, meanwhile the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were lower than those of the control. The emergence rate was increased by 33.333% and 11.117% under the treatment of 50 and 100 times diluted solution, and the comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were 0.275 and 0.153, which showed allelopathic promotion. Among them, the 50 times diluted solution had the strongest promotion, the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were significantly different from the control. The millet field is often accompanied by a large number of giant foxtail, the results will provide a theoretical basis for removing the giant foxtail at the seedling stage.

With people's enhancing awareness of the importance of urban-rural integration and food safety, urban agriculture (UA) has become an important part of sustainable urban development planning and design. The development of UA serves as an effective supplement to rural agriculture and provides multiple ecosystem services to urban residents. To address the research hot topics and trends of UA in China, this article is based on the literature related to UA collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) in the past 20 years, the CiteSpace graph method is applied to draw and analyze a visual graph of its publication volume, institutions, authors and keywords, analyzing the research hotspots, frontiers, and overall evolutionary paths of UA research in China from 2003 to 2012 and 2013 to 2022, respectively. The results indicated that: (1) from 2003 to 2012, the overall number of publications showed an upward trend, and reached its peak in 2011(122 ); from 2013 to 2022, there was a trend of first decreasing and then gradually stabilizing, with the lowest number of publications in 2018, only 34. (2) From 2003 to 2012, the author with the most publications on urban agriculture in China was Zhou Pei, with 9 publications. The Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had issued the most papers, reaching 18. The author with the most publications from 2013-2022 is Zhou Zhongxue, with 19. The institution with the highest number of publications was the School of Tourism and Environment of Shaanxi Normal University, with a total of 19 articles. (3) From 2003 to 2012, the six keywords “UA”, “development of UA”, “countermeasures for UA”, “new rural construction”, “green Beijing” and “Beijing City” constituted the research hotspots and frontiers of UA in China's academic community. From 2013 to 2022, the three keywords of “metropolitan area”, “urbanization” and “UA” had become research hotspots. The three keywords of “landscape architecture”, “rural revitalization” and “rural population transfer” had become core issues of this field in the future. The institutions and authors that contributed the most to UA research in the past 20 years from 2003 to 2022 had changed, indicating that new scholars and institutions had joined the research team on UA study. However, relevant scholars and institutions lacked sustainability in their research on UA. Based on the characteristics presented by the UA researches, future research areas should continue to focus on rural revitalization and expanding the research scope and depth of the agricultural transfer population. The authors suggest that local governments should carry out the development of UA based on local characteristics.

To clarify the use of plant growth regulators in peanut production, we collected statistics on the types of regulators currently valid for registration in peanuts by querying the China Pesticide Information Network, and inquired about the maximum residue limits and detection methods of regulators in peanuts in the national food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763—2021). The toxicity of regulators mainly used in peanut productionwas analyzed to provide opinions and suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards in the next step. And it also provided reference for the high-quality development of the peanut industry’s export earnings, enhanced the international competitiveness of China’s peanut industry, and ensured the healthy and sustainable development of China’s peanut industry.

The article systematically reviewed the research status of Chinese Clematis plants in germplasm resource investigation, cultivation and reproduction, pharmacology and garden applications, analyzed the regional representative distribution of Clematis germplasm resources due to different climatic conditions, and discussed the relationship between Clematis breeding and eco-geographical response. It was concluded that temperature control, light, appropriate amount of plant growth regulator and good culture medium were effective means to improve the breeding technology of Clematis, and the medicinal chemical composition, efficacy and landscaping forms of different species Clematis from the aspect of resource value utilization were further analyzed. It was suggested that the resources of Clematis with little development potential should be protected, and cross-breeding and utilization of the germplasm with good performance in the existing Clematis resources should be done.

The dairy cattle industry is one of the important agricultural sectors in China. However, with its rapid development, the problem of large-scale discharge of livestock waste has become increasingly severe. How to handle dairy manure harmlessly has become one of the urgent problems to be solved. This article introduces the progress of composite microbial agents in the treatment of cow manure. Composite microbial agents can effectively degrade organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in cow manure, reduce the emission of harmful gases, while recycling nutrients as fertilizers and cow bedding materials, with the advantages of low cost and simple operation. The application effect of composite microbial agents is influenced by many factors, including the type of microbial agent, environmental conditions, and exogenous additives, and the quality of composting is the main indicator for evaluating the application effect of composite microbial agents. Adjustments and optimizations need to be made according to different situations in practice. The study of cow manure problems is of great significance for alleviating rural livestock and poultry pollution, improving the utilization rate of manure resources, and realizing sustainable development of animal husbandry. As a new method of organic matter treatment, efficient composite microbial agent application technology has broad application prospects in the field of cow manure treatment. Further research and exploration on its application effect in practical production is necessary. By integrating with other technical means, it can facilitate the transition towards more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly practices in dairy manure treatment.

In order to explore the regional adaptability of millet varieties and provide reference for the breeding of new millet varieties, ‘Yugu 18’, ‘Yugu 31’, ‘Yugu 32’, ‘Yugu 35’, ‘Yugu 38’ and ‘Yugu 42’ were selected as test materials. The adaptability and sensitivity to light and temperature of 6 varieties were analyzed by coefficient of variation, coefficient of high stability, regression coefficient and relative sensitivity to light and temperature.The agronomic characters of different varieties in different districts were analyzed statistically, and the variation coefficients of different characters among different districts were compared. The results showed that all 6 millet varieties could adapt to 2 or more different ecological regions, especially‘Yugu 18’ showed high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability in 4 different ecological regions. The growth period of the 6 varieties was longer in the early maturing group of northwest spring millet area, the panicle weight, grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight were higher in the early maturing group of northwest spring millet area and the middle and late maturing groups of northwest spring millet area, and the panicle length was longer in the northeast spring millet area. There was no obvious trend in yield, plant height and grain emergence rate. The coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was the smallest with 1000-grain weight and the largest at heading stage. Taking Xiagu district as reference, the sensitivity of ‘Yugu 18’ was the weakest in different district groups. ‘Yugu 18’ showed the characteristics of high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability in 4 different ecological regions.

With the increasing years of plastic mulch usage, the "white pollution" caused by its massive residues has significantly deteriorated farmland soil quality and agricultural production, posing a substantial threat to rural ecological safety. This study analyzes the changing trends of plastic mulch usage and covered area from 2001-2021, and the status and recycling of mulch residues from 2019-2022 based on data from China's Rural Statistical Yearbook and fixed-point monitoring. It suggests enhancing farmers' environmental awareness, establishing a mulch recycling system, strengthening monitoring and evaluation, and improving the mulch residue monitoring network. The findings provide data support for the scientific use and recycling of farmland plastic mulch in Guizhou Province and serve as a reference for residue pollution control, fostering high-quality green agricultural development.

Human capital accumulation is an inevitable requirement for the promotion of rural talent revitalization. Using the CFPS2018 database, in accordance with the logical framework of "land transfer → family education cognition→ intergenerational human capital investment → adolescent human capital accumulation", the paper uses the PSM model and the mediation effect model to explore the effects and mechanisms of land transfer policies on human capital accumulation of rural adolescents, and the differences in the effects are explored based on the gender of household decision makers. The results show that: (1) compared with rural families that did not participate in land transfer, rural families that participated in land transfer has a higher level of adolescent human capital accumulation and their children has a higher academic achievement;(2) rural families involved in land transfer have higher educational cognition, which in turn will increase the material and non-material human capital investments of their adolescent children and ultimately promote the accumulation of adolescent human capital investments; (3) in rural households involved in land transfer, female household decision-makers pay attention to education investment. So, the relevant policy design should focus on how to promote rural land transfer, make up for the shortcomings of human capital accumulation in rural areas, and carry out female poverty alleviation programs to further achieve optimal allocation of educational resources and effective reduction of the gap between urban and rural educational development.

In order to determine the effects of drought and rehydration on dry matter accumulation and distribution in various organs and grain yield of winter wheat, ‘Jimai 22’ was selected as the research object, and 100%(CK), 80%(T₁), 50%(T₂), 25%(T₃) and 0%(T₄) of the normal water supply (75 mm) were irrigated at jointing stage (April 2), and rewatered at the flowering stage (April 26) until the soil relative humidity reached 90 %. The dry matter mass and total dry matter mass of each organ of the plant in the two growth stages were measured, as well as the final yield of each treatment. The results showed that dry matter allocation ratio of winter wheat leaves decreased under drought stress at jointing stage, dry matter allocation ratio of stem and ear increased, dry matter allocation ratio of leaf sheath did not change much, and dry matter allocation ratio of all organs recovered to the same level as control after rehydration. The total dry matter weight of winter wheat treated with T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ decreased by 11.3%, 16.0%, 24.2% and 35.0% compared with CK, and the dry matter weight per spike decreased by 15.7%, 20.0%, 26.6% and 32.0%. The pre-flowering dry matter transport and transport rate of leaves were significantly decreased, while the pre-flowering dry matter transport rate of leaf sheath and stem was significantly increased. Compared with the control, the yield of winter wheat under T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ treatments decreased by 16.2%, 24.4%, 29.4% and 33.0%, the number of grains per spike decreased by 9.9%, 11.6%, 20.0% and 23.3%, and the sterile spike rate increased by 6.2, 7.5, 9.6 and 8.1 percentage points, respectively. It had little effect on 1000-grain weight and spikelet number. In conclusion, drought at jointing stage leads to dry matter distribution to storage organs such as stems and panicle, and the total dry matter weight and panicle dry matter weight decreased significantly after rehydration, and the greater the degree of drought stress, the greater the range of change. Drought stress at jointing stage resulted in the decrease of panicle number, the increase of sterile panicle rate and the decrease of yield.

To assess the farmers’ cognition on climate change and implement the action of improving the quality and efficiency of meteorological services for farmers, the response of phenological period to climate change was studied. Based on the phenological period data of Jiamusi City from 1993 to 2022, temperature and precipitation data from 1961 to 2022 and climate change perception data of farmers, we analyzed the relationship between climate change and phenological period and the farmers' perception of climate change with the mathematical statistics methods. In recent 30 a, the changes in the spring phenological period in the Sanjiang Plain have all shown an early trend, while the changes in the autumn phenological period have all shown a delayed trend. The trend of the dandelion phenological period shows the most significant changes, with the germination date of dandelion advancing at a rate of 5.5 d/10 a and the withering date delaying at a rate of 10.6 d/10 a; there are 8 pairs of extremely significant correlations and 6 pairs of significant correlations between temperature, precipitation, and phenological periods in spring and autumn, with 7 pairs of positive correlations and 7 pairs of negative correlations. The changes in the spring phenology are mainly influenced by temperature, while the changes in the autumn phenology are influenced by precipitation; the farmer’s perception results of temperature changes were basically consistent with the measured data, accuracy rate reached above 80%, and there were differences between the precipitation change trend perceived by farmers and the measured meteorological data, and the accuracy rate was 58.0%. The accuracy of the natural phenomenon phenological perception results was lower than the perception results of temperature and precipitation changes. With the increase of temperature and precipitation, the occurrence date of the phenology period is advanced and the end date is delayed, the phenology period shows an extended trend. Farmers have a more sensitive and relatively accurate perception of climate change related to agricultural production. The research results provide scientific basis and reference for formulating effective climate change adaptation policies for agricultural production.

In order to comprehensively evaluate the genotype and the interaction of genotype and environment of sweet potato in regional test, the GGE biplot was used to analyze the fresh yield of group 2 of high-quality starch strains in regional test of sweet potato in Fujian from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that: ‘Quanshu 26’ had the best yield performance and had strong adaptability in Zhangpu, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Putian, Sanming, and Nanping in 2020. ‘Longshu 39’ had high and stable yield, which was the ideal variety of the regional test. In 2021, ‘Jinshu 43’ had the best yield and stability, making it an ideal variety of the regional test. ‘Hongjinshu 2’ had high yield and strong regional adaptability in Ningde, Longyan, Sanming, and Fuzhou. In addition, the Sanming pilot had high discrimination and representativeness in the two-year regional test, and it was an ideal pilot environments. The GGE biplot can intuitively evaluate the yield characteristics of the test strains and the representativeness of the pilots, providing a simple and effective analytical method for objectively evaluating the high and stable yield of sweet potato strains.

Intelligent identification technology is a technology to recognize, judge and simulate images and videos by simulating the visual performance and thinking model of mankind. This paper listed the latest research of computer vision and intelligent identification technology in automatic grading of flue-cured tobacco from image and near infrared spectrum acquisition, feature extraction and intelligent identification model, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different intelligent identification model. At last, we put forward the robustness and accuracy of defect in identification model, and the application of intelligent recognition and multi-dimensional characteristic data fusion in tobacco grade determination would be the future research direction.

Taking Jinchang City as the research area, this paper analyzed the quality grade, soil nutrient characteristics and spatial differentiation of cultivated land within the scope of the city, and provided the basis for scientific fertilization of cultivated land and improving the regional management level of soil nutrient under the condition of ensuring accuracy. As a quantitative method to analyze fuzzy phenomena, fuzzy mathematics has wide application value in many fields. Based on GIS technology, this paper explained how to use the method to evaluate cultivated land quality. Taking Jinchang City as an example, based on the national standard of Cultivated Land Quality Grade, this paper analyzed and studied the spatial distribution of cultivated land quality grade and nutrient content by combination of the county cultivated land resource management information system and GIS technology. The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in Jinchang was in grade 1 to grade 6, with no grade 7 to grade 10. The land of grade 1 was the main cultivated land in Jinchang, with an area of 80024.40 hm², accounting for 64.35% of the total cultivated land in Jinchang. The overall nutrient level of cultivated land in Jinchang was relatively medium, and the content of soil organic matter was mostly low and medium, showing a trend of high in the west and low in the east. Total nitrogen content was mostly low, showing a trend of higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. The content of available phosphorus was mostly at a high level, and it was generally higher in southwest than in northeast. The content of available potassium was mostly low and medium, with a general trend of high in the west and low in the east. The quality of cultivated land in Jinchang City was good. The soil fertility could be improved by increasing the application of organic fertilizer, increasing the intensity of irrigation, and increasing the popularization of water-saving technology, so as to keep the soil hydrated and fertile.

In order to comprehensively grasp the research trends of waxy corn in China, the journal papers from 2002 to 2022 included in the CNKI journal database were taken as the research object, and the analysis was carried out from the aspects of the number of papers, institutions, authors, journals, highly cited papers, and keyword co-occurrence by Excel, SATI, and VOSviewer. The results showed that the average annual number of papers published in all Chinese waxy corn research journals was 229, with 343 core authors. The core journal had an average annual of 59 articles and 146 core authors. Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the largest number of papers and Yangzhou University had the largest number of core journals papers. The largest number of articles published in Agricultural Science and Technology Newsletter was 254, accounting for 5.27% of the total number of documents. The core journal Maize Science had a maximum of 157 papers, accounting for 12.66% of the total number of papers. The highly cited papers were published in the journal with high academic level, such as Chinese Agricultural Science, Journal of Crops, and Maize Science with high citation of more than 50%, highlighting their core position and academic level. The keyword co-occurrence figures revealed that the waxy corn researches mainly involved the following aspects: (1) the cultivation of waxy corn, including the influence of cultivation modes and factors on the growth and yield of waxy corn; (2) the quality of waxy corn, including its starch characteristics and nutritional value; (3) germplasm resources and breeding techniques of new waxy corn varieties; (4) research on biological stress of waxy corn; (5) the impact of abiotic stress on the growth of waxy corn; (6) the problems and development strategies in the development of waxy corn industry; (7) the processing and preservation technology of waxy corn. In future waxy corn research, we can focus on creating high-quality waxy corn germplasm, quality research of waxy corn, research of efficient breeding technology systems and breeding high-quality new varieties, and standardized and efficient planting techniques.

Through comparative experiments in different breeding periods of crayfish from April to October, 34 quality factors such as conventional nutritional components, texture properties, amino acid composition and content of 25-30 g crayfish meat were analyzed and compared. The results showed that 32 quality factors of crayfish in different breeding periods were significantly different (P<0.05, the same below). The conventional nutritional components and texture properties of crayfish increased first and then decreased, and those of shrimp from June to August were significantly higher than those in other months. The total amino acid (TAA) was 16.57%-19.72%, the highest was in April, followed by July, and the lowest was in October, showing an overall downward trend. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 32.63%-36.58%, and the ratio of EAA to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 59.67%-73.51%, which was the highest in shrimp from September to October, showing an upward trend. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 68.34-90.14, with the highest in April and the lowest in August, showing a downward trend. The correlation analysis between 32 quality factors and meteorological factors in breeding period showed that 23 quality factors were significantly correlated with meteorological factors in breeding period, among which the most quality factors were significantly correlated with the number of cloudy days, sunshine hours and temperature suitability index. They were mostly positively correlated with the number of cloudy days, mostly negatively correlated with the number of sunshine hours, and positively correlated with the temperature suitability index. The optimum temperature of the temperature suitability index related to the conventional nutrients were 22℃, the texture properties were 24-26℃, and the amino acids were 20℃. Therefore, under the appropriate temperature, the appropriate shade was conducive to improving the quality of crayfish. Analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and quality factors in different periods, the results showed that the early stage of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on conventional nutrients and amino acids, and the middle and late stages of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on texture properties.

This study intended to solve the field operation issues of plant protection UAV exiting in the pesticide application on rice, such as poor uniformity of droplet distribution and low pesticide deposition rates. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different factors on the droplet distribution and pesticide deposition rates after UAV application, such as pesticide adjuvant, application volumes, and flight speeds. Key factors that produced significant differences among different treatments were identified, and their effects on the particle physical properties and wettability of the pesticide mixture were further analyzed. Among the orthogonal tests based on three factors and three levels, areas of droplets collected at the upper layer were significantly higher than both of middle and lower layers, addition of pesticide adjuvant could increase the uniform of droplets distributed at different heights, and the area proportion of droplets collected at middle and lower layers were significantly increased in comparison with the treatments without adjuvant. The pesticide adjuvant, application volumes, and flight speeds were found to affect the pesticide deposition rates to varying degrees, pesticide deposition rates ranged from 43.72% to 68.63%; R values reflecting the influence of three various factors on the pesticide deposition rates were 13.44, 6.25 and 4.93, respectively, and only the difference caused by pesticide adjuvant could reach significant level. After preparation of 0-48 h, addition of two kinds of pesticide adjuvant both significantly reduced the surface tensions and static contact angles of pesticide mixtures, while there was not significant difference between the mixtures prepared with different kinds of adjuvant. Moreover, the variety of pesticide adjuvant that showed higher pesticide deposition rates could also effectively reduce the particle sizes and the dispersion of particle size of pesticide mixture within preparation of 0-48 h. Thus, our research provides an important reference for the improvement of precise pesticide application of UAV on rice, and helps improve the pesticide deposition rates and reduce the loss of pesticides.

The influence of climate change on vegetation cover is important for ecological environment protection in arid areas. Based on data of monthly temperatures, precipitation, sunshine, evaporation and NASA GIMMS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of Shiyang River Basin from 2000 to 2020, annual and seasonal variations trend of temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, evaporation and NDVI were analyzed by using linear trend method, then effect of climate elements change on NDVI change were studied by correlation coefficient method. The results showed that annual temperature showed a clear upward trend in Shiyang River Basin and various regions. Temperature in spring, summer and autumn showed an upward trend, and it showed a downward trend in winter (except Minqin). Annual precipitation in total catchment area and Yongchang, Gulang and Tianzhu showed an increasing trend, while Minqin and Liangzhou showed a decreasing trend. Change trend of precipitation in each season was not consistent. Annual sunshine duration showed a decreasing trend in total catchment area and other places except Gulang, and variation trend of sunshine duration in each season was very inconsistent. Annual evaporation showed an increasing trend in total catchment area and other places except Liangzhou, and variation trend of evaporation in each season was not consistent. Annual NDVI in Shiyang River Basin and various regions showed a significant growth trend. Each season NDVI also showed an increasing trend except Liangzhou in spring. Annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation were basically positively correlated with NDVI, and temperature and precipitation had a positive contribution to NDVI. Correlation between sunshine duration, evaporation and NDVI of annual and seasonal was quite different. In general, sunshine duration had a negative contribution to NDVI, and evaporation had a positive contribution to NDVI. Research results will provide scientific reference for improving utilization rate of climate resources, adjusting planting structure and improving ecological environment in Shiyang River Basin.

The paper aims to clarify the effects of different ecological substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries, and to provide scientific basis for strawberry quality enhancement and organic product development. ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry was used as the test material, and sheep manure, mushroom slag, straw and grass charcoal were mixed and blended into the cultivation substrate according to different volume ratios, and the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of different ecological substrates were suitable for the growth of strawberries, and the growth potential of strawberry plants was the strongest under treatment Ⅲ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: coconut husk=1:2:1), followed by treatmentⅠ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal: straw=1:1:1:1) and Ⅳ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal=2:2:1). The strawberry growth under treatment Ⅴ (sheep manure: mushroom slag=1:2) was the weakest.

The vertical difference of DO in fish ponds is one of the most important indicators for healthy ecological aquaculture. On the basis of vertical observation data of DO, water temperature, light intensity and meteorological observation data of Honghu City from June 21st to July 14th of 2022, the diurnal variation characteristics of DO of fish ponds were analyzed. The statistical analysis method was applied to diagnose the relationship between the difference of DO in the upper and lower layers and meteorological factors excluding human interference. The results showed that: in sunny summer, with the increase of light intensity entering the water, the DO of the upper layer was saturated or supersaturated but the DO of lower layer was still low. The increment of DO in 120 cm layer was not significantly negatively correlated with light intensity. And it was difficult for the fish living at the bottom layer to get enough DO from photosynthetic oxygen production. The vertical gradient of water temperature in fish ponds would hinder the transmission of DO downward. For example, with 1 ℃ difference of water temperature between 30cm and 60cm, the DO difference could be 6.6 mg/L. Under the effect of the wind force, the difference of water temperature, the transmission resistance of DO and the difference of DO concentration became much smaller with the increase of the wind. When the maximum wind speed was more than 9 m/s, the difference of DO was tiny between the upper and lower layer, and it was unnecessary to turn on the artificial oxygenation equipment. So breaking the vertical gradient of water temperature was an important method to ensure a nice ecological environment in fish ponds in summer. The necessity of human intervention was determined by the wind. The weaker the wind, the more intervention required.