In recent years, the betel nut planting industry in Hainan Province has developed rapidly. Industrial adjustment and optimization will be the focus of its future development, and a reasonable production area layout is crucial for the sustainable development of the betel nut industry in Hainan. Using regional comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of betel nut production in various cities and counties in Hainan from 2005 to 2022. The results showed that the scale of betel nut cultivation in Hainan had significantly increased, but the yield had significantly decreased. The calculated results of the comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient showed strong consistency. The central regions of Qiongzhong, Ding'an, Baoting, and Tunchang had stronger comparative advantages in betel nut production, which were key areas for the production layout in Hainan. The leading advantage of traditional planting areas in the east was gradually weakening, while the overall western region lacked comparative advantages but showed a clear upward trend. The production of betel nuts in Hainan presents a pattern of retreating in the east, advancing in the west, and maintaining dominance in the center. The driving factors of spatial-temporal evolution mainly include higher economic benefits, the diffusion of high-yield cultivation and management techniques, and the spread of diseases and pests such as yellowing disease. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the layout of betel nut production, moderately control of planting scale, strengthen socialized services, clarify the regulatory policies for edible betel nut products, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the betel nut industry.

The article systematically reviewed the research status of Chinese Clematis plants in germplasm resource investigation, cultivation and reproduction, pharmacology and garden applications, analyzed the regional representative distribution of Clematis germplasm resources due to different climatic conditions, and discussed the relationship between Clematis breeding and eco-geographical response. It was concluded that temperature control, light, appropriate amount of plant growth regulator and good culture medium were effective means to improve the breeding technology of Clematis, and the medicinal chemical composition, efficacy and landscaping forms of different species Clematis from the aspect of resource value utilization were further analyzed. It was suggested that the resources of Clematis with little development potential should be protected, and cross-breeding and utilization of the germplasm with good performance in the existing Clematis resources should be done.

Through comparative experiments in different breeding periods of crayfish from April to October, 34 quality factors such as conventional nutritional components, texture properties, amino acid composition and content of 25-30 g crayfish meat were analyzed and compared. The results showed that 32 quality factors of crayfish in different breeding periods were significantly different (P<0.05, the same below). The conventional nutritional components and texture properties of crayfish increased first and then decreased, and those of shrimp from June to August were significantly higher than those in other months. The total amino acid (TAA) was 16.57%-19.72%, the highest was in April, followed by July, and the lowest was in October, showing an overall downward trend. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 32.63%-36.58%, and the ratio of EAA to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 59.67%-73.51%, which was the highest in shrimp from September to October, showing an upward trend. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 68.34-90.14, with the highest in April and the lowest in August, showing a downward trend. The correlation analysis between 32 quality factors and meteorological factors in breeding period showed that 23 quality factors were significantly correlated with meteorological factors in breeding period, among which the most quality factors were significantly correlated with the number of cloudy days, sunshine hours and temperature suitability index. They were mostly positively correlated with the number of cloudy days, mostly negatively correlated with the number of sunshine hours, and positively correlated with the temperature suitability index. The optimum temperature of the temperature suitability index related to the conventional nutrients were 22℃, the texture properties were 24-26℃, and the amino acids were 20℃. Therefore, under the appropriate temperature, the appropriate shade was conducive to improving the quality of crayfish. Analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and quality factors in different periods, the results showed that the early stage of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on conventional nutrients and amino acids, and the middle and late stages of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on texture properties.

In order to explore the potential advantages of ‘Chuanmai 614’, and better serve production and application, this study analyzed its yield performance. Using 3-year regional trial data, the yield, stability and adaptability of ‘Chuanmai 614’ were studied using the analysis method of multi-year and multi-point comparison test and the GGE biplot model. The results showed that the average yield of ‘Chuanmai 614’ was 6031.50 kg/hm², ranking second, with good stability and adaptability to multiple environments. In the production experiment, the average yield of ‘Chuanmai 614’ was 7031.55 kg/hm², which ranked the first, and there was an increase of 8.79% compared to the control. Among the GGE biplot model analysis, the ‘variety with highest yield in different places’ functional diagram indicated that ‘Chuanmai 614’ had high production and good adaptability in Dazhou, Neijiang, Nanbu, Shuangliu, and Zhongjiang; the functional diagram of ‘high yield and stable yield’ showed that among all the varieties, ‘Chuanmai 614’ had the highest yield and good stability. The GGE biplot chart with concentric circles indicated that ‘Chuanmai 614’ had good yield and stability. Overall, ‘Chuanmai 614’ is a new nutrient efficient variety with good yield and stability.

In order to solve the inconvenience caused by the flying-catkins of kapok, different concentrations of “Yihua No.1” were carried out at the final flowering stage of kapok to study its influence on the formation and development of kapok fruit. Results showed that the application of “Yihua No.1” at the last flowering stage of kapok had a very significant effect on promoting abortion and fruit drop of kapok, and the higher the concentration of the drug, the more obvious the effect. A 3-year follow-up investigation showed that after the application of “Yihua No.1”, the sample plants appeared different degrees of trunk cracking, secreting gum, abnormal sprouting, dead branches, and weakened tree potential and so on. By the next year, the flower formation was inhibited, and some of them could not even complete flower bud differentiation. The higher the concentration, the more obvious such damage. Considering the effect of “Yihua No.1” and its adverse effects on trees, 0.5% concentration with 25 mg/cm, or 1% concentration with 12.5 mg/cm were recommended to use in production.

With people's enhancing awareness of the importance of urban-rural integration and food safety, urban agriculture (UA) has become an important part of sustainable urban development planning and design. The development of UA serves as an effective supplement to rural agriculture and provides multiple ecosystem services to urban residents. To address the research hot topics and trends of UA in China, this article is based on the literature related to UA collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) in the past 20 years, the CiteSpace graph method is applied to draw and analyze a visual graph of its publication volume, institutions, authors and keywords, analyzing the research hotspots, frontiers, and overall evolutionary paths of UA research in China from 2003 to 2012 and 2013 to 2022, respectively. The results indicated that: (1) from 2003 to 2012, the overall number of publications showed an upward trend, and reached its peak in 2011(122 ); from 2013 to 2022, there was a trend of first decreasing and then gradually stabilizing, with the lowest number of publications in 2018, only 34. (2) From 2003 to 2012, the author with the most publications on urban agriculture in China was Zhou Pei, with 9 publications. The Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had issued the most papers, reaching 18. The author with the most publications from 2013-2022 is Zhou Zhongxue, with 19. The institution with the highest number of publications was the School of Tourism and Environment of Shaanxi Normal University, with a total of 19 articles. (3) From 2003 to 2012, the six keywords “UA”, “development of UA”, “countermeasures for UA”, “new rural construction”, “green Beijing” and “Beijing City” constituted the research hotspots and frontiers of UA in China's academic community. From 2013 to 2022, the three keywords of “metropolitan area”, “urbanization” and “UA” had become research hotspots. The three keywords of “landscape architecture”, “rural revitalization” and “rural population transfer” had become core issues of this field in the future. The institutions and authors that contributed the most to UA research in the past 20 years from 2003 to 2022 had changed, indicating that new scholars and institutions had joined the research team on UA study. However, relevant scholars and institutions lacked sustainability in their research on UA. Based on the characteristics presented by the UA researches, future research areas should continue to focus on rural revitalization and expanding the research scope and depth of the agricultural transfer population. The authors suggest that local governments should carry out the development of UA based on local characteristics.

In order to study the impact of maximum residue limit standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs on China honey export trade, this article provides an overview of the current agricultural and veterinary drug residue limit regulations and standards in China, the European Union, the United States, Japan, and Australia, as well as the maximum residue limit standards in honey. It also compares and analyzes the relevant limit regulations and standards in China with the aforementioned countries and regions. As a result, China only has limited regulations on 6 pesticides and veterinary drugs in honey in national standards, whereas the European Union, Japan, Australia, and the United States have respectively established limits for 538, 79, 4, and 3 pesticides and veterinary drugs in their respective national standards and regulations. China industry standards have 13 MRL standards for pesticides and veterinary drugs, which have revised and supplemented the National Standard to some extent. However, compared with the standard systems of developed countries, standards for the limit of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in honey are relatively weak in China. Furthermore，There are differences in the types and quantities of MRL standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs in honey between China and other countries and regions such as the European Union, but China's standards are in line with its actual national conditions. In order to avoid the obstruction of honey export, we can refer to the standards of other countries and regions with China honey trade, and provide technical support for the revision of MRL standards for agricultural and veterinary drugs in China.

To breed the double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolates) rapeseed variety with the double-high of yield and oil-content, strong stress tolerance and wide adaptability, we used cytoplasmic male line 'Han 3A' as female parent to cross with the restorer line '475R', after selection and identification, we obtained a variety 'Hanyou 23' with high oil content and high yield and multi resistance in Brassica napus L. Its average yield in comparative experiment of new rapeseed varieties in the Yangtze River Basin (the upper, middle and lower reaches) for two consecutive years (2020-2022) was 3167.8 kg/hm², the erucic acid content was 0.105%, the glucosinolate content was 17.48 μmol/g, and the oil content was 47.57%. This variety had resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral diseases, strong cold resistance and good lodging resistance. The variety was registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2024 with the registration number GPD rape (2024) 610234.‘Hanyou 23’was a hybrid Brassica napus variety with high yield and superior quality, strong stress tolerance, wide adaptability and suitability for agriculture mechanization. This paper provided the basis for its popularization and application by introducing the breeding process, characteristics and high-yield cultivation technology.

As universal power machinery in the field of green agriculture, the power transmission configuration of new energy & intelligent tractors (NI Tractors) simplifies the mechanical system. It makes easier for the machine to achieve digital control and possessing new characteristics of agricultural modernization. New energy intelligent tractors are more likely to promote the integration of facilities, agronomy, and agricultural machinery into a digital intelligent model, thereby creating comprehensive benefits for facility agriculture in desert and gobi. The new energy intelligent tractor industry can also drive the emerging industry chain of agricultural machinery chip manufacturing, permanent magnet synchronous motors, power batteries, and other fields, thus possessing the characteristics of modern and new quality productivity in agriculture. The process of independent development of new energy tractor technology in China is carried out at the same time as that of foreign countries, and some technologies have reached the level of parallel and leading. It is necessary to timely summarize the development characteristics of new energy intelligent tractor technology to help China agriculture achieve stable and far-reaching development. The study first introduces the definition, characteristics, and scenarios of new energy tractors, and discusses their significance for Chinese style development in areas such as dual carbon goals, green agriculture, overtaking on curves, industrial economy, and cultural heritage; secondly, it introduces the current situation of new energy tractor products at home and abroad, and explains the development trend of key technologies such as power management, drive systems, one source for multi use, and smart source electric connection; finally, the development vision and docking suggestions for new energy tractors are proposed. This article summarizes the future development trends of tractor energy greening, autonomous operation intelligence, and integration of facility farmland agricultural machinery, helping to construct a zero carbon agricultural machinery theoretical system and implement zero carbon agricultural machinery product technology, providing reference for the modernization of China's agricultural machinery development.

To study the impact of different underlying surfaces on meteorological elements and regional climate, as well as their climate effects, analysis of variance was adopted to compare meteorological elements of four different underlying surfaces, including shrimp paddy fields, lakes, rural areas, and cities. The significance and climate effects of each meteorological element difference were analyzed. The results showed that the degree of influence of four different underlying surfaces on various meteorological elements was as follows: wind speed > rainfall > maximum temperature > minimum temperature > humidity > average temperature. The order of the degree of influence of different underlying surfaces on wind speed and humidity was consistent as follows: lakes > shrimp rice fields > rural areas > cities. Lakes and shrimp rice fields have a cooling effect in summer and a warming effect in winter and spring. Shrimp rice fields have a greater cooling effect on the highest temperature than lakes, and lakes have a greater warming effect on the lowest temperature than shrimp rice fields. Shrimp rice fields have regulatory effects on wind, temperature, and humidity, and have good climatic and ecological benefits. This study provides scientific basis for protecting the environment and climate resources, and is of great significance for promoting the benign transformation of the ecological environment.

Mikania micrantha is one of the most harmful weeds in tropical and subtropical regions, known as the "one-minute mile grass" and the title of "plant killer". With the increasing development of invasive alien plants, invasive alien plant Mikania micrantha has also become one of the hot spots of research and development at present. Transforming invasive plants into beneficial resources can not only avoid wasting a lot of manpower and material resources to control the spread of invasive plants, but also obtain product resources with better control effect. This paper summarizes the plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha in three aspects of crop pest control (fruit and vegetable crop pest, food crop pest, cash crop pest and other pests), crop virus, fungus and nematode control (pathogenic bacteria of food crop, pathogenic bacteria of vegetable crop, pathogenic bacteria of fruit, pathogenic bacteria of cash crop and nematode control) and other applications of agricultural control (herbicide, control of invasive alien organisms). Finally, the development prospect and future research direction of plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha were prospected.

In order to further verify the efficacy of VDAL on rice yield and disease resistance, and provide scientific basis for its popularization and application in rice production, different application time (before sowing stage, rice seedling stage, rice burst stage, rice full heading stage) and different application methods (seed dressing, stem and leaf spray) were set. The results indicated that the disease index of rice sheath blight treated with different treatments were significantly lower than that of clean water control. The best control effect of rice blast was seed dressing + spraying at rice burst stage + spraying at full heading stage, and the control effect of diseased fingers reached 76.53%. At the same time, this treatment combination also showed the most significant improvement in rice yield, with an increase of 13.27%. The effects of different treatments on characters of rice plants were significantly different. Therefore, in rice production, it is recommended to use VDAL for seed dressing, and spray 150 g / hm² of stems and leaves at rice burst stage and full heading stage.

In order to improve the overall utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Hubei Province, the suitability of agricultural land in Hubei Province was analyzed and evaluated. 16 evaluation factors in five aspects, including topography, soil, environment, climate and social economy, were selected to evaluate the suitability of three types of agricultural land (cultivated land, forest land and orchard land) in Hubei Province. The 1km raster data was used as the evaluation unit, and the index weights were determined by AHP analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method, and five suitability grades of agricultural land were divided: suitable, relatively suitable, generally suitable, less suitable and unsuitable. The results showed that the suitable areas of cultivated land, orchard land and forest land were 15.3%, 11.6% and 9.0%, respectively, and the more suitable areas and suitable areas of the three types of agricultural land were basically concentrated in the Jianghan Plain and the north of Hubei Province, the area had sufficient light and heat, suitable environmental and soil conditions, suitable areas were included in the more suitable areas, and the areas with higher suitability were mainly concentrated in the east and south of Hubei Province, followed by the north and the west of Hubei Province. The above results can provide a reference for land use planning and agricultural land development in Hubei Province.

In order to collect crop germplasm resources in Nanyang and understand their current status, relying on the third national general survey and collection action on crop germplasm resources, crop germplasm resources investigation team of Nanyang visited 4 key agricultural counties, 75 townships, 1241 administrative villages from 2021 to 2023, and classified, organized, analyzed the collected germplasm resources. A total of 352 endangered, rare, and excellent crop germplasm resources were collected, including 98 food crops, 171 vegetables, 30 fruit trees, 28 cash crops, and 25 forage green manure, involving 131 species from 95 genera in 32 families, and 5 particularly rare and excellent crop resources were collected. The research results provide possibilities for the protection and innovation of crop germplasm resources in Nanyang City.

In order to manage the polluted farmland coordinately and precisely, this paper identified the definition of polluted agriculture land and summarized the current status of Chinese polluted farmland according to the correlated researches, laws and so on at home and abroad. The current problems of partition management of heavy metal pollution in the agriculture land were analyzed through the pollution resource, assessment and transform respectively combining with the innate character of partition. A partition management and governance system that combines multidisciplinary perspectives, coordinates the characteristics of multiple elements, integrates the strengths of multiple subjects, and establishes different levels, standards and high applicability from the bottom up is proposed to improve the level of the management of heavy metals pollution on agricultural soil in China.

To explore new approaches for the application of efficient cellulose-degrading microorganisms in agriculture, this study conducted a literature review and analysison the screening of cellulose degrading bacteria and the optimization of enzyme production in recent years, summarizing and analyzing four key aspects: strain types, enzyme production condition optimization, construction of composite microbial communities, and applications of these microbial communities in agriculture. The study outlines different screening strategies and advantages of various strains, analyzes the raw material types and strain specificity for optimizing cellulose-degrading enzyme production conditions, and discusses the necessity and significance of constructing composite microbial communities. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of cellulose-degrading microorganisms (or communities) in three areas: biofertilizers, crop residue utilization, and bioenergy. The study identifies current limitations, such as the limited variety of cellulases produced by single strains and the need for optimized enzyme production conditions in composite microbial communities. To address these issues, the study proposes focusing on enhancing the screening of efficient cellulose-degrading microorganisms, utilizing molecular biology techniques to construct gene banks for cellulose-degrading microorganisms, and studying their degradation mechanisms. These efforts aim to improve the efficiency of screening for cellulose-degrading microorganisms, reduce the waste of agricultural resources, and promote rapid agricultural development and resource recycling.

Using blueberry ‘Eureka’ as experimental material, the effects of five light quality treatment combinations on blueberry fruit quality were studied to provide theoretical basis for scientific production. The results showed that, compared with the control, the single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameter, total anthocyanin and total flavonol content of treatment T2 (the light intensity is 28 μmol/(m²·s), and the spectrum is red: blue light=5:1, single power 27 W, length 1220 mm lamp is placed side by side at 30 cm at the top of blueberry plant) were the highest, which were higher than those of the control (no lamp tube), but the difference was not significant. The solid-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio of treatment T₄ (the light intensity is 21 μmol/(m²·s) and the spectrum is red: blue light=1.4:1, single power 16 W, length 1080 mm lamp is placed side by side at the top 30 cm of blueberry plant) were significantly higher than those of the control, the content of total acid (citric acid, malic acid, shikimic acid) was significantly lower than that of the control, and the hardness and soluble solids content of treatment T₄ were the highest, higher than that of the control, but the difference was not significant. The total sugar content (glucose, fructose, sucrose) of treatment T₅ (The light intensity is 21 μmol/(m²·s), and the spectrum is red: blue light=1.4:1, single power 16 W, length 1080 mm, two rows side by side at the top 30 cm of the blueberry plant, and one row of lights at the bottom (along the blueberry basin). was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of the control. The comprehensive score of treatment T₄ was the highest. Treatment T₄ had the best effect on improving the fruit quality of blueberry, that is side by side at the distance from the 30 cm at the top of the blueberry plant, two rows of lamps with a light intensity of 21 μmol/(m²·s), and a spectrum of red light: blue light=1.4:1, single power 16 W, length 1080 mm.

The research aimed to explore the effects of different types of plant growth regulators and their concentration differences on the growth of spring tea shoots and tea quality, in order to provide theoretical support for high-quality and efficient spring tea production in Taishan tea area. With ‘Yujinxiang’ tea as test material, the changes and differences of chlorophyll content, leaf area, shoot length, 100-bud weight, bud density, unit yield and quality indexes of tea leaves were investigated and analyzed by different concentrations of gibberellin and Bihu growth regulator in the early stage of spring tea germination. The results showed that the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of spring tea shoots were different. (1) Under the treatment of high concentration (75 mg/L) of gibberellin, the chlorophyll content was the highest, and the shoot length, leaf area, 100-bud weight and bud density were the most significant, but the contents of caffeine, total ash and tea polyphenols were also relatively high. (2) The effects of medium and low concentration (50, 25 mg/L) of gibberellin on the growth and quality indexes of tea shoots were lower than those of high concentration gibberellin treatment. (3) Under the treatment of plant growth regulator Bihu, which is frequently used in current production, it had a significant promoting effect on shoot length and leaf area, but it had a certain reducing effect on 100-bud weight and bud density. At the same time, it could promote the content of free amino acids and tea polyphenols, and reduce the content of caffeine and total ash, and the quality index was better. In the process of tea production, although the selection of gibberellin can increase the yield, it is not conducive to maintaining the quality of tea, while Bihu is conducive to the formation of tea quality, but it has little effect on increasing the yield. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tea products, spraying plant growth regulators cannot be used as a single adjustment method.

The primary aim of this study is to optimize the process of cellulose degradation of distiller's grains. Utilizing discarded distiller's grains from liquor and rice wine factories for NaOH pretreatment, this research conducted a univariate experiment to investigate the impacts of NaOH concentration, distiller's grain particle size and NaOH treatment duration on the cellulose content in the grains. The distiller's grains and the optimal pretreatment conditions were selected based on the experimental results. Subsequently, cellulase was used for enzymatic hydrolysis, and the effects of enzyme dosage, hydrolysis temperature, and hydrolysis time and pH value on the enzymatic hydrolysis of distiller's grains cellulose were studied. A response surface analysis of three-level, four-factor was performed with reducing sugar absorbance as the response variable to determine the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that: (1) in the pretreatment test, different NaOH concentration and NaOH action time had significant effects on cellulose content of the same distillers, but mesh number had no significant effects on cellulose content of distillers. Under the same treatment conditions, the cellulose content of liquor distiller's grains was significantly higher than that of rice wine distiller's grains. Considering these factors, liquor distiller's grains were selected for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. (2) The single-factor of the enzymatic hydrolysis process showed that the optimal effects of enzyme dosage, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, and pH were 800 U/g, 50℃, 4.5 h, and pH 5.5, respectively. Based on the single-factor results, a four-factor and three-level response surface analysis was conducted, which showed that enzyme dosage, temperature, and time had significant effects on the absorbance of reducing sugar, while pH had no significant effect. Among the pairwise interactions, enzyme dosage with time and temperature with time had significant effects on the absorbance of reducing sugar. The regression relationship between these four factors and the absorbance was significant and well-fitted, which could be used for prediction in actual production. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were as follows: cellulase dosage of 950 U/g, reaction temperature of 48℃, reaction time of 5.1 hours, and pH 5.5. Under these conditions, the maximum absorbance reached 0.47. This study indicates that through proper pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, the cellulose in distillers' grains can be effectively converted into reducing sugars, offering a viable approach for the high-value utilization of distillers' grains.

This paper aims to investigate the cultivation methods and key technical measures for regulating the grape production period in the Zhangzhou region, and to evaluate their effectiveness in improving grape quality and extending the harvest period. Leveraging the climatic advantages of the Zhangzhou area, the study employs techniques such as early cultivation, delayed cultivation, and dual-harvest cultivation mode, and applies technical measures, including cultivating strong buds to increase the flowering rate of secondary crops and precise pruning to enhance bud break, to different grape varieties. The results indicated that the grape production period regulation techniques improved both the growth quality and yield of the grapes while effectively extending the harvest period from the traditional 1month to 8 months. This not only increased the economic benefits of grape cultivation but also promoted the development of leisure agriculture. The production experiences summarized in this study, such as precise pruning, secondary crop management, irrigation, and fertilization, provide practical reference value for enhancing the economic benefits of grape cultivation in Zhangzhou and other southern regions through production period regulation.

In order to explore the pollution status and health risks of heavy metals in rice grains in a county of southern Henan, 68 rice grain samples were collected in the area in September 2021. The contents of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS-TQ) and direct mercury detection. The risk degree of heavy metals in rice was evaluated by single factor and Nemerowcomprehensive pollution index method, and the potential health risk of heavy metals from rice grains was evaluated by target hazard quotient (THQ) promoted by US EPA. The results showed that the average content of heavy metals in 68 rice grains did not exceed the Chinese Food Hygiene Standards, but the arsenic and cadmium contents in some samples exceeded the standards. The comprehensive pollution index (P_N) of heavy metals in rice grain was 0.49, which was safe. ADD of adults and children was higher than RfD, and hazard quotients (HQ) of As were 3.11 and 4.80, which indicated that there was a certain risk of arsenic content in rice grains. The total hazard index (HI) of heavy metals to the exposed population was greater than 1, indicating that the long-term consumption of the rice by local residents may cause adverse health effects. In summary, the rice grain samples in the research area have been contaminated with arsenic, posing certain health risks. The local government needs to strengthen dynamic monitoring of the rice planting process, pay attention to the changes in the form and effective state of arsenic, ensuring food security.

The apple planting area and output of Hebei Province are the top in the country, and the temporal and spatial variation trends and characteristics of extreme drought in Hebei Province are analyzed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific irrigation in apple producing areas, and promote the development of local characteristic agriculture and the effective utilization of water resources. Based on the data of 142 ground weather stations in Hebei Province, this paper used surface wetness index and wavelet analysis to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province in the past 40 years (1981-2020), including the frequency, total number of occurrences and cyclical changes of extreme drought. The results showed that: (1) in terms of time changes, the frequency of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province had averaged 0.7-3.5 times per year in the past 40 years. The occurrence of extreme drought in each growing period of apple growing season in descending order was as follows: initial growth period (germination-flowering stage), late growth stage, fruit coloration stage, young fruit stage, and fruit expansion period. Between the decades, the 1980s were the highest, the 2000s were the lowest, and the 2010s showed a recovery trend. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the total number of droughts in the apple growing season showed the characteristics of less in the northeast and more in the northwest and central and southern regions, and the number of extreme droughts in the southern region was higher than that in the northern region during each phenological period during the year, but the high-value areas of extreme drought occurrence in the fruit expansion period and the late growth period were concentrated in the northwest Hebei region. The variation period of extreme drought in the province was 4-8 a, 7-11 a, 16-20 a. The frequency of extreme drought showed a recovery trend in the young fruit stage and late growth stage of apples in the 2010s, which should attract attention in the production practice.

In order to understand the main characters of different varieties of cucumber and provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of cucumber industry in Yantai, a field experiment was conducted to compare the characters and yields of plants, leaves and fruits of three varieties of cucumber in Yantai, and to measure and analyze the nutrients in the fruits and evaluate the sensory quality. The three varieties of Yantai cucumber have their own characteristics, ‘Newly Improved Yantai Cucumber’ has the highest yield and vitamin C content, ‘Laizhou Green Cucumber’ has the highest single melon weight, and ‘Haiyang White Cucumber’ has the most popular sensory quality. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the breeding and improvement of cucumber varieties, and emphasize the importance of considering disease resistance in subsequent research.

High-intensity land conversion and persistent land use activities exert dual effects on soil development, which can significantly influence pedodiversity. We first reviewed the influences of various types of land use on the source of parent materials, microclimate, microrelief, vegetation cover, management practices and soil age. Then based on our systematical analyses of the effects of land use change on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, we summarized the effects of land conversions on soil genetic, morphological, and diagnostic characteristics. We also comprehensively evaluated soil type evolution trends in different classification categories in response to land conversions. Finally, we proposed three research priorities: (1) an overall understanding of the effect of diverse land use activities on the soil properties and formation processes; (2) deep exploration of dynamic soil genetic responses to land cover conversions and modifications; (3) and development of new technologies for exact and high-efficiency identification of soil type change with land use change.

To investigate the favorable environmental conditions for the seed germination and seeding emergence of Angelica dahurica, and to address the practical issue of the low seedling rate of emergence of Angelica dahurica in field cultivation, the simple and effective methods to enhance the rate of emergence of Angelica dahurica seeds were explored. A two-factor split-plot design was employed under field conditions. The substrates with different ratios, such as peat soil, peat soil:garden soil, and peat soil:garden soil :perlite, as well as garden soil alone, were arranged in the main plots. Seed sowing treatments with no covering, and burial depths of 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm were arranged in the sub-plots. The seed germination, seeding emergence, and growth conditions of Angelica dahurica were determined with different substrates and burial depths. The results indicated that there was a significant interaction effect between different substrates and burial depths. The seed emergence and seedling growth of Angelica dahurica were significantly impacted by the substrates with different ratios. The most suitable substrates were peat soil: garden soil at a 1:1 ratio and peat soil: garden soil: perlite at a 2:2:1 ratio. Furthermore, the effect of burial depth on seed emergence was significant, and the seeding rate of emergence was the highest at 1 cm depth. When cultivating Angelica dahurica in field conditions, a 1:1 mixture of peat soil and garden soil with a burial depth of 1 cm could serve as a simple and effective method to enhance seedling emergence, promote growth, and improve soil structure.

The high-quality utilization of health preservation resources in leisure agriculture is key to promote the merging development of leisure agriculture and health industry. Establishing an evaluation system for health preservation resources in leisure agriculture, quantitatively evaluating the quality of health preservation resources in leisure agriculture projects, is conducive to identifying the resource advantages of expanding health preservation functions in leisure agriculture, and evaluating the potential for the development of healthy leisure agriculture industry. This study classified and analyzed the health preservation resources of leisure agriculture projects in Jiangsu, and used the analytic hierarchy process to screen and determine evaluation index factors. A leisure agriculture health preservation resource evaluation model was constructed with five elements including natural resources, environmental quality, landscape resources, health preservation food and lodging, health preservation products and facilities, and 19 factor layers. The health preservation diet, forest, health preservation accommodation, water body, and hot springs had higher weight values in the factor layer. 40 representative leisure agriculture bases in Jiangsu Province were evaluated and scored, the overall quality of health preservation resources in Jiangsu's leisure agriculture was found to be good. Environmental quality was relatively better, followed by health preservation food and lodging resources, while the potential for health preservation product resources was the greatest. Based on the existing problems in the utilization of health preservation resources in Jiangsu's leisure agriculture, development suggestions were proposed in three aspects, namely, government guidance and creating a platform, think-tank planning and scientific research support, and enterprise leadership and collaboration with farmers.

Modern agricultural industrial park is the spatial carrier of regional agricultural modernization construction and an important starting point for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Analyzing its spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas and increasing farmers' income and making them rich. Taking the provincial modern agricultural industrial parks built in Guangdong Province as the research objects, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province by using methods and tools such as nearest proximity index, nuclear density estimation, imbalance index, spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographic detector. The research indicates that: (1) modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province are mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta and north of Guangdong, and the whole province and different regions are spatially clustered. The estimation of core density shows that modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province have formed a contiguous distribution pattern of "one heart and three cores" based on the Pearl River Delta region. (2) The distribution of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province is not balanced. Among them, the Pearl River Delta region has the largest gap between cities and prefectures, while the gap in northern Guangdong is relatively small. County spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that there are obvious agglomeration areas of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province, and there are three counties with obvious high-high agglomeration, namely Huangpu District in the Pearl River Delta region, Huazhou District and Dianbai District in western Guangdong Province. (3) Guangdong Province mainly relies on planting industry to build modern agricultural industrial parks, and mostly grain and oil planting, while taking into account the common development of other types. The agglomeration core of various modern agricultural industrial parks is different, but the overall characteristic of "multi-point agglomeration" is stable. (4) The total amount of farmland, water conservancy and irrigation, specialized agricultural towns, leading agricultural enterprises and other 12 factors have different degrees of influence on the spatial distribution of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province, and there is a double-factor interaction among all factors, among which the leading agricultural enterprises and other factors have the strongest interaction. Modern agricultural industrial park is the result of a series of factors. In the future, we can promote the high quality development of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province from the aspects of space planning, system design and local construction.

Determining the safety threshold of heavy metals in soil is an important measure to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products in China. By studying the accumulation and transportation characteristics of five heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in different organs of corn and wheat in the cities of Jinchang, Zhangye and Baiyin in Gansu Province and establishing the relationship between the effective content of Cr, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg in soil and crop grains, this study identified the safety threshold of effective heavy metals in soil for corn and wheat systems. This study employed the method and principles of species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and derived the safety threshold of effective heavy metals in soil for corn and wheat planting systems based on the cumulative probability distribution curve of the Logistic function distribution model. The results showed that the accumulation pattern of Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in wheat plants was consistent, namely, roots>stems>grains, and similarly, the accumulation pattern of Cr, Pb, As and Hg in corn plants was roots>stems>grains, while the accumulation pattern of Cd was stems>roots>grains. Utilizing the Logistic function distribution model to fit the cumulative probability distribution curve based on the effective content of heavy metals, the safety thresholds of effective Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in wheat soil were determined to be 0.019, 0.771, 35.294, 2.777 and 0.133 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the safety thresholds of effective Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in corn soil were determined to be 0.296, 7.90, 52.363, 12.462 and 0.119 mg/kg, respectively. The results of this study indicate that estimating the safe threshold of effective heavy metal content based on the cumulative probability distribution curve method was scientific, providing a scientific basis and support for the safe planting and risk control of wheat and corn.

Design of climate quality evaluation index for Liangzhou crown pear, the method of climate quality certification of fruit quality were discussed in this paper, which provided technical support for local high quality pear climate quality certification. Using the meteorological observation data and fruit quality observation data from selected test sites from 2016 to 2022, the meteorological factors with obvious biological significance to the fruit quality of crown pear were identified through correlation analysis. Through these sensitive meteorological factors, the entropy weight method was used to establish the relationship matrix, evaluation set and weight set, and the climate evaluation index of crown pear quality. The results showed: (1)the optimum temperature indexes of the local crown pear during its growth stage were 10-16℃ at flowering stage, 12-18℃ at fruiting stage, 15-25℃ from young fruit maturity to maturity stage, and the effective precipitation was ≥0.1 mm. (2)The main meteorological factors affecting the quality of crown pear were the meteorological factors during the ripening stage and the nutrient accumulation period. (3)The meteorological evaluation of crown pear was to remove the disastrous weather effects from the suitable climatic conditions, and the evaluation results were divided into three grades: excellent, good and general. (4)Taking the observation data of crown pear in the experimental base in 2022 as an example, the fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated, and the maturity evaluation score was 86.865, which belonged to the excellent product. The comprehensive meteorological evaluation method in this paper not only differs from the existing qualitative model in module construction, but also highlights innovation in data analysis and standard establishment, which is suitable for the quantitative evaluation of the climate quality of local crown pear.

Kadsura coccinea has various values such as medicinal, edible, and ornamental uses, and is commonly cultivated in southern regions, but there has no reports on the introduction of K. coccinea in northern regions. To promote the introduction and cultivation of K. coccinea in central Shandong region, this article summarized the current status of domestic wild K. coccinea resource domestication, the breeding of superior varieties, and research on cultivation techniques. Through analysis of soil, moisture, light, temperature, and climatic adaptability, the feasibility of cultivating K. coccinea in central Shandong region was theoretically possible. It was proposed that the application of ecological cultivation model could theoretically achieve the introduction and cultivation of K. coccinea in the central Shandong region. To address the issue of sustainable industrial development after the introduction of K. coccinea, it is necessary to select varieties suitable for cultivation in the central Shandong region and promote cultivation techniques; to explore sales channels for K. coccinea to expand its medicinal, edible, and ornamental markets; and to strengthen the development and utilization of K. coccinea derivatives to enhance the added value of raw materials and industrial benefits.

In order to increase the reproduction coefficient of fig (Ficus carica) plants, meet the demand for promoting excellent varieties of figs, and effectively establish an in vitro rapid propagation system for fig plants, this review focused on the progress in research on the fast breeding technology of fig plants. It summarized the construction process of in vitro rapid propagation system, including the establishment of explant cultures, the induction and differentiation of callus tissue and adventitious buds, proliferation culture, and rooting culture. The issues of contamination, browning, and vitrification encountered during the in vitro rapid propagation of fig plants were analyzed, along with targeted measures to address these problems. Additionally, prospects for its rapid propagation and application had been provided, to provide a reference for the establishment of a tissue culture system for fig plants and its further utilization.

This study aims to explore the logic behind the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and health industries in Shanxi Province. Taking the Wutai Mountain Scenic Area as an example, an evaluation system was constructed, and entropy weight TOPSIS model and coupling coordination degree model were applied to assess its level of development and the extent of coupling and coordination from 2018 to 2022. The results show that Wutai Mountain takes agriculture and forestry as the starting point, landscape as the background, ecology as the foundation, culture as the soul, health care as the carrier, tourism as the link, and new quality productive forces enabling industrial integration. Affected by the epidemic, the change of tourist arrivals and income fluctuated greatly. In 2022, the C value of the industry integration of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and recreation in Wutai Mountain was 0.664, indicating the highest development level. All development aspects show the economic level > ecological level > social level > cultural level, but also need to focus on the social and cultural aspects. The degree of coupling coordination in 2021 and 2022 was good coordination. Development optimization paths, such as improving industrial quality, enriching product formats, expanding marketing models, revitalizing stock assets, strengthening scientific and technological support and cohesion of industrial integration are put forward. This study provides an evaluation system and scientific basis for the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and health industries.

The greenhouse gas emission rules under different farmland management methods were revealed, and the influencing factors and action mechanisms were expounded, so as to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from saline-alkali land in extremely vulnerable areas, mitigate climate change, and provided theoretical basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction in China. An extremely saline soil with electrical conductivity of 9.35 mS/cm and pH of 8.38 was used for indoor culture experiments. Three temperature gradients were set as 15, 25 and 35℃; three nitrogen application levels were set as 0, 120 and 240 kg N/hm² and three biochar application levels were set as 0, 5 and 10 t/hm². All treatments were carried out under 60% field water holding capacity and cultured for 45 days. The results showed that temperature and nitrogen application significantly increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions, and short-term application of biochar could reduce N₂O emissions. (1) Under the same temperature and biochar conditions, the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O at 120 kg N/hm² were 2.02 times and 1.28 times of the control, respectively. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O were the highest when nitrogen fertilizer rate was 240 kg N/hm², which were 2.22 times and 1.64 times of the control, respectively. (2) Under the same temperature and nitrogen fertilizer conditions, the application of biochar significantly reduced the emission of N₂O. Compared with the control, when the application rate of biochar was 5 t/hm², the emission of N₂O was reduced by 7%. The amount of biochar applied was 10 t/hm², and the N₂O emission was reduced by 13%. (3) Compared with 15℃, cumulative CO₂ and N₂O emissions at 25℃ increased by 11.34 g C/kg and 39.69 mg N/kg, respectively; the cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O at 35℃ were the largest, increasing by 48.17 g C/kg and 69.69 mg N/kg, respectively. In summary, this study demonstrates that in the management of extreme saline-alkali soils in agricultural fields, reasonable control of temperature, nitrogen fertilization strategies, and the use of biochar are of significant importance for regulating greenhouse gas emissions.

Finding out the condition of soil quality is a prerequisite for ensuring national food security and developing smart agriculture. According to the characteristics of multi-point and wide distribution of farmers, it is necessary to provide regional distribution information of farmers in order to obtain soil quality information quickly and accurately. Based on the existing remote sensing inversion model of soil quality, this paper adopted ArcGIS Enterprise and other related software, and used Android mobile terminal as the platform, designed and developed soil quality (water, fertilizer, salinity and alkalinity) intelligent analysis APP for the needs of farmers. The three-layer structure of data layer, service layer and user layer was used to develop three functional modules of basic service, remote sensing inversion of soil quality and analysis and decision making, which could help farmers quickly and accurately grasp field soil quality information, and provide decision-making suggestions such as fertilization guidance and salinization treatment. The research results contributed to improving agricultural production efficiency, promoting the development of smart agriculture, which were of great significance for achieving agricultural modernization and information management.

The research aims to design a heat load that meets the requirements of cigar tobacco leaf drying process, screen suitable heat loads for the capacity of the drying room, and lay the foundation for the construction of cigar tobacco leaf drying rooms and the development of products with independent intellectual property rights. Building Simulation Analysis Software (DEST) was used to simulate and predict the thermal load of the enclosure structure of the drying room during the drying season. Based on the predicted results, the corresponding power was selected to verify the cigar and tobacco leaf drying. The validation results of air drying showed that the total heat load of the air drying room was the sum of the heat loss of the maintenance structure of the air drying room and the heat loss of the air drying room's dehumidification. The maximum value of the total heat load was 13.39 kW. The average heat load per kilogram of fresh tobacco leaves is 13.39 w / kg, which can be used for the heat load of cigar drying room under the condition of tobacco loading.

Using monthly temperature and precipitation data from Zhaosu County meteorological station in the Ili River Valley from 1956 to 2022, as well as data on the growth period of grasslands, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), regression analysis, Mann-Kendall test, and other methods were adopted to analyze the drought variation characteristics during the growing season (April to August) of alpine grasslands in the high-altitude areas of the Ili River Valley. The results showed that the annual average temperature in Zhaosu County from 1956 to 2022 was 3.5°C, with a significant upward trend of 0.3°C/10 years. The annual precipitation was 509.3 mm, showing significant interannual variability but no significant increasing trend. The drought frequency during the entire growth period of grasslands in Zhaosu County was 16.4%, with a probability of severe drought occurrence at 7.5%. The drought frequencies during the greening, tillering, heading, and flowering stages were 13.4%, 16.4%, 22.3%, and 22.4% respectively. The greening stage showed no significant drought trend, while the tillering, heading, and flowering stages exhibited significant drought trends. The results are expected to provide a scientific theoretical basis for monitoring, early warning, and defense against grassland drought disasters in Zhaosu County.

Burdock root is rich in numerous functional active substances and exhibits functions such as lowering blood glucose, exerting antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, regulating lipid metabolism, and modulating the intestinal flora. It is renowned as the ‘King of Vegetables’ and ‘Oriental Ginseng’. This study places emphasis on the types and physiological functions of active substances such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, dietary fibers, amino acids, fatty acids, volatile oils, lignans, phytosterols, and pentacyclic triterpenes in burdock root. It also summarizes the current status of the development and utilization of primary and advanced processing products of burdock root. On this basis, the development of the burdock root industry is prospected, with the aim of providing a reference for the application of burdock root in fields such as food, medicine, and the chemical industry, as well as for its high-quality industrialization.

To simplify the determination methods of pumpkin polysaccharide content in breeding process, the optimized experiments of phenol sulfuric acid method after hot water extraction of pumpkin polysaccharide were carried out. The detection wavelength and H₂SO₄ amount were determined by single factor experiment using 23S18 and other pumpkin flesh. The correlation of determination results between unpurified and purified polysaccharide content was clarified. The results showed that the wavelength of pumpkin polysaccharide determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method was 490nm, and the sample in reaction system included: 5% phenol: H₂SO₄ was 2:2:7. The regression equation was established as y=0.0061x+0.1476 (R²=0.9965) and the linear relationship was good when the absorbance was in the range of 0.084-3.684. There was a significant correlation between the unpurified and purified polysaccharide content. The polysaccharide contents of 53 pumpkin parents and combinations were determined and analyzed. Two parents (23S2 and 23S14) and two combinations (23FV26 and 23FV5) with high polysaccharide content of more than 100mg/g were selected for breeding. The efficient detection system for polysaccharides was simple to operate, wide in linear range, and the determination results are significantly related to the results of purified polysaccharide, which would improve the efficiency of pumpkin polysaccharide breeding.

Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the sample processing methods and mainstream detection methods for the detection of flue-cured tobacco leaf impurities, a set of detection schemes that fully reflect the superiority and high comprehensive performance is proposed. The 256-band hyperspectral camera was used to obtain data information, and the RGB color space was mapped by calling the RGB band, and then converted to the HSV color space for detection of green and impurity content in tobacco leaves. The HSV color gamut range of green impurity was obtained through amounts of real experimental measurements, and the number of green and impurity pixels of the tobacco leaves to be tested was accurately given, and the proportion of green and impurity pixels in the flue-cured tobacco leaves was given. The precise labeling of green and impurity pixels of the flue-cured tobacco to be tested provided a visual detection results. Combined with the RGB tobacco leaves, the algorithm of green and impurity detection had strong interpretability. Meanwhile, the execution delay of the proposed detection algorithm was about 4 s. The flue-cured tobacco leaf green impurity detection scheme not only meets the actual acquisition needs, but also has high visualization and interpretability.

To analyze the correlation between plant species diversity and sampling area in different types of artificial lawn ecosystems, this study used a nested sampling method to track and investigate the plant species diversity of six commonly used artificial lawn ecosystems in China constructed by six different turf grasses. Two experimental treatments of manually removing weeds (MRW) and maintaining natural state (MNS) were set, and the changing patterns of plant species diversity with the increasing sampling area were analyzed. The results showed that the plant species diversity in the six different types of lawn ecosystems treated with MRW was significantly lower than that in the MNS experimental research plot, and the difference between these two experimental treatments became gradually greater as the sampling area increased, indicating that MRW management measures had a significant effect on maintaining the singularity of plant species and the evenness of plant growth in various types of lawn ecosystems. Both plant species diversity in the unit area and change rate of plant species diversity with the increased sampling area gradually decreased with the increase of construction years, indicating that the material cycle and energy flow inside the ecosystems tended to be stable, and the plant species composition and the functional structure of lawn ecosystems both were in the dynamic equilibrium states with the development and succession of lawn ecosystems. However, the maintenance mechanisms of this dynamic equilibrium state were different in the two experimental treatments of MRW and MNS, the former was that the regular artificial impurity removal management measure inhibited weed invasion and growth, while the latter was that the dominant plant species suppressed the growth and reproduction of the other types of plant species. The research results indicated that although various management measures had a strong intervention intensity on the lawn ecosystems, they still could not completely eliminate the continuous invasion and interference of various weeds; in the early stage of lawn construction, the ecosystem was unstable, and the frequency and intensity of management measures such as MRW should be increased; entering the mid- to late-stage, as the species composition and structural function of the lawn ecosystem tended to stabilize with the increase of construction years, the degree of manual intervention could be appropriately reduced, and the mutual constraint between the various components of the ecosystem could be fully utilized to manage the lawn for improving the quality of the lawn and reducing the amount of manual labor.