To investigate the synergistic effect of side deep nitrogen reduction fertilization and silicon plus zinc fertilizer on the yield and the lodging resistance of rice, traditional fertilization and side deep nitrogen reduction fertilization were carried out using ‘South japonica 9108’ as material, with four treatments including silicon fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, silicon plus zinc fertilizer and no fertilizer, respectively. The number of stems and tillers, the physical characteristics of culm, the lodging resistance, the yield were studied under different treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with traditional fertilization, side deep nitrogen reduction fertilization could increase the number of stems and tillers, the number of effective panicle, the yield, the stem width, and enhance the lodging resistance significantly. (2) Applying side deep nitrogen reduction fertilization with silicon fertilizer could reduce the basal inter node length, enhance the bending resistance and reduce the lodging coefficient; applying side deep nitrogen reduction fertilization with silicon plus zinc fertilizer had the best tillering ability, the most big number of effective panicle, the strongest culm and the highest yield. (3) Under fertilization methods, applying silicon plus zinc fertilizer could promote the growth of rice effectively, and reach the biggest number of effective panicle, but the effect of other traits on rice was more complicated, the superposition effect could not be achieved.
To improve the quality of artificially cultivated licorice, a pot experiment was conducted at Yulin University using Ural licorice as the experimental material to analyze and evaluate its biomass, physiological and biochemical indicators, and root anatomical structure after adding exogenous silicon under drought stress. The results showed that the addition of exogenous silicon significantly increased the accumulation of dry matter in licorice under drought stress; the synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizinwas significantly promoted; under drought stress, exogenous silicon addition increased root dry weight from 0.93 g/plant to 1.31 g/plant; the synthesis and accumulation of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acidwere promoted, malondialdehyde contentwas reduced, leaf proline content and root soluble sugar contentwere increased, and xylem area/cross-sectional area and phloem/anatomical cross-sectional areawere increased; The addition of exogenous silicon significantly increased the hydraulic conductivity of licorice plants by 39.15% and 302% under two different soil moisture conditions, and the hydraulic conductivity and root injury volume of licorice plants were significantly positively correlated with licorice yield. The addition of exogenous silicon under drought stress improved the quality of licorice, promoted the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, enhanced root water absorption efficiency and overall hydraulic conductivity, and participated in the formation of root tissues under stress, thereby increasing licorice yield.
As the basis for plant growth, soil quality directly determines the success or failure of landscaping in urban areas. To understand the impact of conditioners on soil quality, we selected typical relocation site soil as the research object, and studied the impact on physical and chemical properties of the soil under different conditioners, different application methods and different time. The results showed that after applying different conditioners, each conditioner could effectively reduce the pH and increase the EC value of the relocated soil within a period of time, while the organic matter and total nitrogen of the soil had a tendency of decreasing to a certain extent, among which the decrease of Fe-S treatment was the most significant, while other treatments were not obvious; the impact of each conditioner on soil physical properties did not demonstrate clear improvement, which was mainly observed in the reduction of total soil porosity, non-capillary porosity and capillary porosity, increase of soil bulk density, decrease of soil infiltration rate, maximum water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity. And among these treatments, M-S showed relatively poorer results; each treatment reduced the seed germination index, but the difference was not obvious, and the Fe-I treatment had poorer results than other treatments. The application of conditioner can improve the chemical properties of the soil in urban relocation site to a certain extent, but it is not obvious to improve the physical properties of the soil. Therefore, to achieve the desired effect of improving both the physical and chemical properties of the soil, it is suggested that the conditioner should be mixed with organic amendment materials.
To study the characteristics of pedogenesis and types attribution of soils in Yongnian District of Handan City, the 3rd National Soil Survey was carried out in the district in 2022. A total of 616 surface soil samples and 20 soil profiles were collected, 6 typical soil profiles were selected as the study subjects, and the position of each soil body in the Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) was determined through the analysis of soil profile morphological characteristics and physical and chemical properties. According to the classification search results of CST, it was found that the diagnostic layers in the test profile included ochric epipedon, cambic horizon, and argic horizon, and the diagnostic features included redoxic features, calcaric property, lithologic characters, soil temperature regimes, and soil moisture regimes. In CST, the studied soils were belonged to 3 orders of primosols, argosols, and cambosols, 4 suborders, 4 groups and 4 subgroups; meanwhile, 5 soil families and 6 soil series (Zhaili series, Jiyao series, etc.) were established of the selected soil profiles. The reference between pedogenesis and system classification of 6 soils profiles was conducted from high and base taxon. It provides a precedent for carrying out the soil survey and soil system classification work in Handan City.
In order to screen out the superior individual in the hybrid seedlings of poplars, and then select the excellent clones, we analyzed the genetic variation of the two-year-old seedlings of poplars using the cutting cross technology. The results showed that the growth, branch and leaf traits of different crossing combinations and different individuals of the same crossing combination had considerable genetic variation. Their family heritabilities were all above 0.81, which belonged to high heritability, indicating that the variation among cross-combinations was controlled by genetic factor. The results of multiple comparison showed that (P. alba× P. glandulosa) × P. bolleana × (P. tomentosa × P. bolleana) × P. canescens, (P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’) × (P. tomentosa× P. bolleana) × P. canescens, (P. alba× P. glandulosa) × P. bolleana × (P. tomentosa× P. bolleana) × P. canescens had fast growth. Among the three cross combinations, (P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana, P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’, (P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana were used as female parents and (P. tomentosa× P. bolleana)× P. canescens was used as male parent, the four parents were regarded as excellent germplasm resources. 20 seedlings were selected as superior individual plants, the average enrolment rate was 4.22%. 3-104×MY and YX1×MY were selected as superior cross combinations, which laid a foundation for the selection of excellent clones.
In order to accurately evaluate the harvest maturity of blueberries and ensure fruit quality, the experiment selected six blueberry cultivars: ‘Northland’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Draper’, ‘Reka’, ‘Duke’, and ‘Blue gold’ as test materials, and used near-infrared spectroscopy to establish regression model to determine the relationship between soluble solids, titratable acids, hardness, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and absorbance difference index (IAD value). Research had found that with fruit maturity increase, the titratable acid and hardness of blueberries significantly decreased, while the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins generally showed an upward trend. The IAD value of blueberries showed a highly significant positive correlation with anthocyanins (r=0.90, p≤0.01) and a significant negative correlation with hardness (r=-0.82, p≤0.01). Additionally, there was a positive correlation with vitamin C and soluble solids, and a negative correlation with titratable acid. Regression equations were derived to describe the changes in the IAD value based on the five quality indicators, demonstrating that the IAD value can reflect the fruit maturity. The recommended harvest standards for the six main cultivars are as follows. The IAD values of ‘Northland’ and ‘Lanjin’ are 1.9-2.0, the IAD values of ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Draper’ are approximately 1.8, and the IAD values of ‘Reka’ and ‘Duke’ are 1.7-1.8.
To analyze the correlation between plant species diversity and sampling area in different types of artificial lawn ecosystems, this study used a nested sampling method to track and investigate the plant species diversity of six commonly used artificial lawn ecosystems in China constructed by six different turf grasses. Two experimental treatments of manually removing weeds (MRW) and maintaining natural state (MNS) were set, and the changing patterns of plant species diversity with the increasing sampling area were analyzed. The results showed that the plant species diversity in the six different types of lawn ecosystems treated with MRW was significantly lower than that in the MNS experimental research plot, and the difference between these two experimental treatments became gradually greater as the sampling area increased, indicating that MRW management measures had a significant effect on maintaining the singularity of plant species and the evenness of plant growth in various types of lawn ecosystems. Both plant species diversity in the unit area and change rate of plant species diversity with the increased sampling area gradually decreased with the increase of construction years, indicating that the material cycle and energy flow inside the ecosystems tended to be stable, and the plant species composition and the functional structure of lawn ecosystems both were in the dynamic equilibrium states with the development and succession of lawn ecosystems. However, the maintenance mechanisms of this dynamic equilibrium state were different in the two experimental treatments of MRW and MNS, the former was that the regular artificial impurity removal management measure inhibited weed invasion and growth, while the latter was that the dominant plant species suppressed the growth and reproduction of the other types of plant species. The research results indicated that although various management measures had a strong intervention intensity on the lawn ecosystems, they still could not completely eliminate the continuous invasion and interference of various weeds; in the early stage of lawn construction, the ecosystem was unstable, and the frequency and intensity of management measures such as MRW should be increased; entering the mid- to late-stage, as the species composition and structural function of the lawn ecosystem tended to stabilize with the increase of construction years, the degree of manual intervention could be appropriately reduced, and the mutual constraint between the various components of the ecosystem could be fully utilized to manage the lawn for improving the quality of the lawn and reducing the amount of manual labor.
This study compared different methods and parameters for extracting earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme (EFE) from Eisenia fetida, analyzed the enzyme properties, and promoted the development and utilization of earthworm processing byproducts. The extraction process of EFE was studied by combining fibrin plate enzyme activity assay, dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The optimal extraction process was as follows: using dry earthworm powder as raw material, extract with 5 times the mass ratio of 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer, centrifuge twice and combine the supernatants; precipitate the crude extract with 80% ammonium sulfate, concentrate with a membrane separation method with a pore size of 10k-200 kD, and limit the membrane circulation filtration to ≤50 min; freeze-dry without adding a protective agent. Under this extraction and drying process, the enzyme activity of the freeze-dried powder was 201.8 million U/g. Enzyme characterization studies revealed that the enzyme comprised six earthworm-specific proteins with molecular weights ranging from 24.7 kD to 26.3 kD. The optimal pH range for the enzyme solution is 7.2 to 8.0, with a relatively stable pH range of 7.4 to 8.8. The optimal temperature for the enzyme solution is below 50℃, and it remains stable below 60℃. After 80 days of storage at 4℃, the enzyme activity retention rate can reach 90%. The ammonium sulfate-freeze drying method can extract enzymatically stable lumbrokinase products from dried E. fetida powder. The experimental results provide a reference for the high utilization of earthworms.
To study the impact of different underlying surfaces on meteorological elements and regional climate, as well as their climate effects, analysis of variance was adopted to compare meteorological elements of four different underlying surfaces, including shrimp paddy fields, lakes, rural areas, and cities. The significance and climate effects of each meteorological element difference were analyzed. The results showed that the degree of influence of four different underlying surfaces on various meteorological elements was as follows: wind speed > rainfall > maximum temperature > minimum temperature > humidity > average temperature. The order of the degree of influence of different underlying surfaces on wind speed and humidity was consistent as follows: lakes > shrimp rice fields > rural areas > cities. Lakes and shrimp rice fields have a cooling effect in summer and a warming effect in winter and spring. Shrimp rice fields have a greater cooling effect on the highest temperature than lakes, and lakes have a greater warming effect on the lowest temperature than shrimp rice fields. Shrimp rice fields have regulatory effects on wind, temperature, and humidity, and have good climatic and ecological benefits. This study provides scientific basis for protecting the environment and climate resources, and is of great significance for promoting the benign transformation of the ecological environment.
The study aims to master the natural precipitation patterns, water consumption and demand patterns of major crops, regional crop layout, and farmland water resource regulation in the Xing'an League region, which are important tasks for agricultural production and research. This study utilized meteorological data from the Zhalaite Banner National Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia, and used the FAO Penman Monteith formula and water balance method to investigate the water consumption patterns of major crops such as semi-arid corn, peanuts, and foxtail millet in Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia. Research indicated that among several major crops, soybean had the highest field water consumption and significant water deficit throughout their entire growth period, followed by corn. Peanuts and foxtail millet consumed less water in the field, resulting in relatively low water deficit. From the perspective of water use efficiency, the priority planting order of crops in the region should be corn > millet > peanut > soybean. From the perspective of water economy benefits, the order of priority crops planted in the region should be peanut > corn > foxtail millet > soybean; the priority crops for irrigation were peanut > foxtail millet > corn > soybean. Soybean planting should adopt the intercropping mode of corn and soybean, which had relatively high water use efficiency and water economic benefits. This study provides suggestions and recommendations for effectively adjusting regional crop layout and regulating agricultural water resources.
The aims were to study the growth and development law of Yutai rice under different accumulated temperature conditions, and to explore the influence of sunshine hours and temperature in different growth stages on the yield factors of Yutai rice, and to provide agricultural meteorological service basis for optimal planting of rice in Yutai area. A Logistic growth model was constructed based on the growth index data of Yutai rice from 2017 to 2022 and meteorological factors such as accumulated temperature during growth period. By using statistical methods such as correlation analysis and regression analysis, the influence of light and temperature in different growth stages on rice yield factors was analyzed, and the prediction model of yield factors was established accordingly. The results showed that the overall accuracy of Logistic model was high in the simulation of rice growth and development in Yutai, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the simulated value and the measured value was between 0.591 and 5.100, the Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE) was between 0.087 and 0.107, and the R2 between the simulated value and the measured value was between 0.970 and 0.996. The number of sunshine hours in tillering, jointing, booting and grain filling maturity of rice was significantly correlated with yield, and the accumulated temperature in heading and grain filling maturity was significantly correlated with yield. The prediction model of rice yield and grain number per ear was established by multiple linear regression method, which was verified by historical band and histogram. The prediction model has high accuracy.
The high-quality utilization of health preservation resources in leisure agriculture is key to promote the merging development of leisure agriculture and health industry. Establishing an evaluation system for health preservation resources in leisure agriculture, quantitatively evaluating the quality of health preservation resources in leisure agriculture projects, is conducive to identifying the resource advantages of expanding health preservation functions in leisure agriculture, and evaluating the potential for the development of healthy leisure agriculture industry. This study classified and analyzed the health preservation resources of leisure agriculture projects in Jiangsu, and used the analytic hierarchy process to screen and determine evaluation index factors. A leisure agriculture health preservation resource evaluation model was constructed with five elements including natural resources, environmental quality, landscape resources, health preservation food and lodging, health preservation products and facilities, and 19 factor layers. The health preservation diet, forest, health preservation accommodation, water body, and hot springs had higher weight values in the factor layer. 40 representative leisure agriculture bases in Jiangsu Province were evaluated and scored, the overall quality of health preservation resources in Jiangsu's leisure agriculture was found to be good. Environmental quality was relatively better, followed by health preservation food and lodging resources, while the potential for health preservation product resources was the greatest. Based on the existing problems in the utilization of health preservation resources in Jiangsu's leisure agriculture, development suggestions were proposed in three aspects, namely, government guidance and creating a platform, think-tank planning and scientific research support, and enterprise leadership and collaboration with farmers.
