To screen the highly control insecticides against Bemisia tabaci of facility tomato, six insecticides were selected to test by spraying method in this study, and the control efficiency of different insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and yield of tomato were investigated and compared. The results showed that all the insecticides had the inhibitory effects against Bemisia tabaci, among which 22.4% spirotetramat SC and 22% sulfoxaflor SC exhibited the better control efficiency. After 7 days of application, their control efficiency exceeded 84%, which was 30% higher than the yield of CK. These two insecticides had no adverse impacts on crops and environment, which were suggested to be used alternately in production to achieve effective prevention and control purposes.
The study aims to determine the physiological races and mating types of tobacco black shank disease in Guiyang City, in order to establish a foundation for the treatment of black shank disease in the area. The pathogen causing black shank disease was isolated and purified from tobacco plants affected in the tobacco-growing region of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. The isolated strains were subjected to molecular identification, mating type determination, physiological race identification, and sensitivity testing to chemical agents in vitro. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different agents in controlling black shank disease in tobacco plants. Samples of tobacco black shank disease were collected from 69 plants in 5 different tobacco-growing areas in Guiyang City. After isolation and identification, 48 strains of Phytophthora nicotianae were obtained. All 5 representative strains belonged to the A1 mating type, with 2 strains being of physiological race 0 and 3 strains being of physiological race 1. The toxicity test and field efficacy test of the chemical agents in the dish showed that the inhibitory effect of ethylicin·copper oleate against P. nicotianae was better than mancozeb, dimethomorph, metalaxyl-M, fluopicolide·propamocab hydrochloride and chitosan.
To further explore the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, the effects of different ratios of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on the growth period, agronomic traits, chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth period of tobacco plants among different nitrogen fertilizer forms. The agronomic traits of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments showed some differences, but there was no obvious regularity. At the flat-top stage, with the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen ratio, the length and width of lower tobacco leaves and the length of middle tobacco leaves showed a gradually increasing trend, but the difference was not significant. When the ammonium nitrogen ratio was more than 60%, the width of middle tobacco leaves decreased. When the proportion of ammonium nitrogen was the highest, the length of upper leaves was significantly higher than that of other treatments, but the proportion of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the width of upper leaves. With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer application, the yield, output value and the proportion of superior tobacco showed a gradually increasing trend. When the ratio of treatment with ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 7:3, the highest yield, output value, proportion of superior tobacco and average price were obtained, but the increase was not significant. When the ratio of treatment of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was ≤5:5, the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves was more suitable, and the proportion was more coordinated. With the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen ratio, the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The sensory quality evaluation score was the highest when the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 5:5. When the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was greater than 5:5, the sensory quality decreased rapidly. The ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in Ankang tobacco area is 5:5, which takes into account both quality and efficiency.
To evaluate soil organic carbon storage and provide theoretical basis for carbon sink management, the study was conducted to detect the characteristics of soil organic carbon accumulation of the three forest types in different succession stages. Tilia Pinus Koraiensis of two different stages and secondary poplar birch forest in the same slope position were selected as the research objects. Soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and active organic carbon distribution characteristics of three types of forest soil were detected. The correlation between SOCD and soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), bulk density (BD), as well as other basic properties were analyzed. The results showed that SOCD of the soil in three types of forest all decreased with the deepening of the soil layers. In the soil layer of 0-30 cm, SOCD of secondary poplar birch (SPB) was the highest [(17.11±1.13) kg/m2)]; the mature forest of Tilia Pinus Koraiensis(MTP) was the middle [(14.69±1.31) kg/m2]; and the young forest of Tilia Pinus Koraiensis(YTP) was the lowest [(12.06±1.26) kg/m2], and there were significant differences among the tree types (P<0.05). SOCD was marked highly significant positive correlation with SOC, DOC and AN (P<0.01), and significant positive correlated with TN, POR and C/N (P<0.05). Compared with the MTP and YTP, SPB was more conducive to the sequestration of soil organic carbon. SOC, DOC and AN had highly significant effect on SOCD; TN, POR and C/N had significant effect on SOCD.
To obtain low-cost and efficient improvement technologies for mucky clay soil in Ningbo urban parks, the plot experiment was conducted and the effects of different improvement and alternative methods on the physicochemical properties of topsoil (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-100 cm) were investigated. The result showed that the replacement with dried construction residue (DCR) or the addition of landscaping waste compost (LWC) were the optimal improvement methods for topsoil. During which, soil physicochemical properties (except pH) gradually stabilized in 18-24 months, and met the requirements of the Standard of Green Planting Soil. For subsoil, the addition of LWC had a significant effect on improving soil properties. The higher the addition amount of LWC, the better the soil physical structure and fertility. For the need of improvement, the volume ratio of soil and LWC should be 6:1-6:2. With the increase of time, soil pH, organic matter and total nitrogen gradually converged under different treatments, and the soil bulk density and pH continuously increased. However, the improvement effect can be guaranteed within two years. It was concluded that DCR mixed with LWC could be used for park planting soil in Ningbo urban area, and DCR could replace yellow soil as top planting soil to realize the resource utilization of waste.
Saline soil has limited plant growth due to its high alkalinity, poor air permeability, poor water permeability, easy surface hardening, low nutrient content, and harmful salt content. However, the national food security strategy requires greater efforts to “request food from saline soil land”. A large number of studies had proved that the appropriate concentration of wood vinegar could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil, thereby increasing its productivity of saline soil. The article listed the physical and chemical properties and component contents of different types of wood vinegar, described the range of application concentrations of wood vinegar, and summarized the changes in soil physics, chemistry, microorganisms, enzyme activities, and plant growth after wood vinegar was applied to saline-alkali soil, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the application of wood vinegar in saline soil.
In order to comprehensively analyze the photosynthetic characteristics and production performance of four varieties of Eucommia, the experiment was carried out in Shawan City of Tacheng area. The chlorophyll concentration, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf number and leaf length and width of four varieties were measured during the photosynthetic active period (June). The fresh weight and dry weight of leaves and the contents of crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, lignan, chlorogenic acid and total flavone in leaves were measured after harvesting (October), and analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. It was found that the comprehensive photosynthetic performance of ‘Qinzhong 2’ and ‘Qinzhong 3’ with better drought resistance was better than that of ‘Qinzhong 1’ and ‘Qinzhong 4’ due to drought in Tacheng area. The crude protein, crude fat and total sugar contents of the four varieties were 417.87-456.97, 265.63-317.31 and 68.47-79.19 mg/g, respectively. The contents of lignan, chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids ranged from 73.26-78.89, 3.04-3.76 and 1.66-1.96 mg/g, respectively. Through principal component analysis, it was found that ‘Qinzhong 3’ had the highest comprehensive score and the best production performance. The variety with the highest Pn in June was ‘Qinzhong 2’ with the best light and performance, while the Pn of other three varieties had no significant difference. The leaf yield and quality of ‘Qinzhong 1’ were lower, the leaf dry weight per plant of ‘Qinzhong 2’ and ‘Qinzhong 3’ were the highest among the four varieties, and ‘Qinzhong 3’ had higher quality than ‘Qinzhong 2’. The nutrient content of ‘Qinzhong 4’ was high, but the leaf yield was extremely low. The preliminary evaluation indicated that ‘Qinzhong 3’ was the most suitable variety for leaf use in Tacheng area.
In order to screen out high yield, high quality, strong disease resistance, and suitable mature season kidney bean varieties under suitable habitat conditions, Xiuwen County conducted a comparative experiment of 9 kidney bean varieties from different origins in Shuangbao village of Jiuchang area in 2020. The results showed that the yield of five kidney bean varieties, including ‘Baiyu’, ‘Bilinte’, ‘Guiqing168’, ‘O'Neill’, and ‘Super Baiyu’, was significantly higher than that of other kidney bean varieties. Moreover, the disease resistance and market acceptance of ‘Guiqing168’ and ‘O'Neill’ were better than other varieties, making them suitable for planting and promotion in Xiuwen County.
Based on CiteSpace, this paper conducted a visual analysis on the literature related to Hibiscus mutabilis in CNKI, aiming to summarize the existing research results of H. mutabilis, explore its future research trend and development direction, and provide reference for future research of H. mutabilis. Advanced search was conducted in the CNKI Chinese database with the theme of ‘H. mutabilis’. Relevant literature from 1958 to 2022 was selected, and the documents were imported into CiteSpace. The author, institution, Keyword and other options were selected to obtain the relevant knowledge map. The results showed that: (1) the research progress of H. mutabilis could be divided into three stages: 1958-1987 was the initial discovery stage, with a small number of literature and a single direction; 1988-2009 was the stage of slow exploration, the number of annual papers increased slowly, breaking through to double digits; 2010-2022 was the stage of rapid growth, the number of papers issued increased rapidly and the research directions increased. (2) A core author and a core organization had been formed in the research field, and there was a close relationship with the authors in the organization. However, institutions were independent from each other and had not established cooperative relations. (3) The research scope of H. mutabilis was concentrated, with high homogeneity, and less overlapping between clustering and clustering. In the future, we should strengthen the cooperation between institutions and make the research of H. mutabilis more diversified, mainly focusing on the promotion and application, the edible and ornamental aspects of H. mutabilis.
Zanthoxylum schinifolium is a typical fertilizer-loving, shallow-rooted spice plant, which is highly dependent on soil fertilization for its ecological function and economic yield in desert soils. A structured fertilization program was used to analyze the effects of different fertilization levels on the photosynthetic metabolism capacity and yield traits of green peppercorns in rocky desertification areas, and to construct a fertilizer effect equation to solve for the economic yield and a step-by-step optimization method to obtain the optimum fertilization interval for the best economic yield. The results showed that among the indicators of ear traits, there were no significant difference in fruit stalk length and no significant difference in fruit number per ear among treatments. Fruit size was significantly different between treatments 6, 8 and 12 and treatments 1, 2, 7 and 13 (P<0.05). The number of pericarp gland points was significantly different (P<0.05) in treatment 13 and CK (treatment 1). Ear size differed significantly (P<0.05) from CK to treatments 8 and 12. The net photosynthetic rate (NPR) of leaves in the test area was not well fitted to the fertilizer response and was not predictive. The effect of NPK on the economic yield of Z. schinifolium was K2O>N>P2O5, and there was a positive reciprocal effect between the test factors with the reciprocal effect of NP>NK>PK. The ternary quadratic economic yield function obtained, calculated by derivation, gave a maximum yield of 2.736 kg/plant. The optimum economic yield (1.515 kg/plant) was obtained with reference to the market fertilizer cost, and the optimal fertilizer ratio was 232.98 g/plant for urea (N), 166.64 g/plant for phosphorus (P2O5) and 297.38 g/plant for potassium. Yield traits under stony soil conditions are strongly influenced by structural fertilizer supply, and Z. schinifolium choose a priority strategy highly correlated with economic yield, with mediated compensation of photosynthetic metabolism as a secondary priority. Structural fertilizer interventions can affect the net photosynthetic rate of leaves and play a positive balancing role in adjusting ecological functioning, but unlike some deep-rooted plants (e.g. licorice), do not conform to the law of diminishing marginal compensation for fertilizer efficacy. With the intervention of ternary fertilizers, the fertilizer effect equation can be fitted better, and the optimal fertilizer formulation interval can be obtained to guide the ecological function of vegetation and economic crops for productive fertilizer program reference.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which causes porcine epidemic diarrhea, was used as the research target in this study. The live vector strain LP1522-PEDS of Lactobacillus plantarum containing PEDV S gene was used to immunize mice orally. The content of SIgA in feces and the contents of IgG, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-γ in serum of immunized mice were detected by ELISA, and the immune effect of Lactobacillus recombinant strain LP1522-PEDS on mice was evaluated. The results showed that after the first immunization, the contents of SIgA in feces and IgG, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-γ in serum of the commercial inactivated vaccine group and the engineered strain immunization group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The antibody levels of the inactivated vaccine group and the recombinant strain group reached the maximum after 42-56 days of immunization. The levels of antibodies and immune factors were as follows: commercial inactivated vaccine group > LP1522-PEDS group > empty vector group ≈ control group. Subsequently, the antibody levels in the inactivated vaccine group and LP1522-PEDS group gradually decreased. After 70 days of immunization, the antibody level of the commercial inactivated vaccine group decreased with small amplitude and the antibody level of the engineered strain immunization group decreased greatly. The results showed that the genetic engineering Lactobacillus plantarum LP1522-PEDS carrying PEDV S gene could induce PEDV immune response in mice via oral administration.
This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of efficient rainwater collection and utilization systems in facility agriculture, and it also serves as a reference for evaluating and selecting other efficient water-saving agricultural practices. By considering economic costs, technical performance, operational management, and environmental impacts, an evaluation index system for rainwater collection and utilization in facility agriculture was constructed. An improved rank correlation analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (Reelies-AHP-FSE) model were employed to analyze the influencing factors of efficient rainwater collection and utilization in facility agriculture. Expert ratings and sequential relationship methods were incorporated in the analysis. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to score different design options for rainwater transmission and storage systems, and the optimal solution for rainwater collection and utilization in the research area was selected. The results showed that the fuzzy comprehensive index value for the rectangular concrete channel with slope treatment was 3.922, indicating it as the preferred option for rainwater transmission. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value for the pipeline storage structure was 4.003, making it the optimal choice for rainwater storage. This evaluation method optimized the material and form selection based on factors such as terrain adaptability, water storage efficiency, and water quality maintenance, providing valuable insights for promoting the utilization of rainwater collection in facility agriculture.
The vegetable industry is important for rural industrial revitalization, and its high-quality development is an important support for the Chinese path to agricultural modernization. Based on the new development concept, we selected indicators from the five dimensions of "innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing" to construct an evaluation system for the high-quality development of vegetable industry. Additionally, an empirical model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors with a data sample of almost all provinces in China (except Tibet) from 2015-2020. The results showed that: (1) the level of high-quality development of China's vegetable industry in the 13th Five-Year Plan period had gradually increased, with the indices of sharing, innovation, green and coordination dimensions all increasing to different degrees, while the openness dimension had slightly declined. (2) Shandong and Jiangsu were in the high level of quality development of vegetable industry, 7 provinces such as Hebei and Henan were in the middle and high level, and over 20 provinces were in the middle and below level. (3) In terms of production areas, the order from large to small was the Huanghuaihai and Bohai rim region > Yangtze River region > Northeast region > Northwest region > South China region > Southwest region. (4) Regional economic development, industrial upgrading and agriculture-related loans had significant positive impacts on the high-quality development of vegetable industry, while agricultural insurance had a negative impact, and digital economy and environmental regulation had different significant impacts on their dimensional levels. It is recommended to optimize the layout of the vegetable industry, unblock the distribution channels of products, promote moderate scale operation, and increase industrial and security efforts.
To select colored rice varieties with good ornamental value, strong resistance, high yield, and stable characteristics, and are suitable for “rice planting” in Dongguan and even South China region, 14 colored rice varieties with purple leaves were introduced to carry out the early and late planting trials. The agronomic traits such as leaf color, plant height, lodging resistance and yield were investigated and recorded during the whole growth period. These data were used for the comparative analysis between early and late planting of the same variety or among different varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf color, growth period, plant height, and yield between early and late planting period of the same variety. There were also significant differences in leaf color and agronomic traits among 14 colored rice varieties. According to the analysis of various characters, the colored rice varieties suitable for early and late planting were selected. The most recommended varieties for early production are 'Shengzi', 'Huazi','Youzi' and 'Ziyehongmi', followed by 'Hangzi', 'Jianzi No.2', 'Aizi' and 'Yingzi'. The most recommended varieties for late production are 'Shengzi', 'Huazi', and 'Youzi', followed by 'Jianzi No.2', 'Aizi', 'Yingzi', 'Ziyehongmi', 'Jiangzi No.1', 'Jiangzi No.2', and 'Zihong No.1'. The color of 'Yingzi' is the most beautiful, but due to its problems such as relatively short plants and low yields, the variety only can be planted small scale for the beauty of "paddy field paintings". The results can be used to guide the variety selection for "paddy field paintings", and promote the construction of beautiful countryside and grain harvest, and the high-quality development of the Greater Bay Area cities.
