The study aimed to explore the differences of yield and endogenous hormone content of different sweet potato varieties under salinized soil conditions, in order to screen suitable varieties for planting in salinized soil and parent materials for breeding new salt tolerant varieties. 20 locally selected sweet potato varieties (lines) in Fujian Province were used as materials for adaptive planting experiments in salinized soil. After 60 days of planting, the endogenous hormone contents of sweet potato leaves and tubers were measured, and the tuber yield was measured after 140 days. The results showed that: (1) the varieties (lines) with sweet potato tuber yield of more than 30000 kg/hm2 in salinized soil included ‘Longshu 10’, ‘Fushu 604’, ‘R132’, ‘R106’, ‘Jinshan 57’, ‘Jinshu 20’, ‘Longshu 116’ and ‘funingzi 5’, which belonged to the high-yield type in salinized soil. The tuber yield decreased by less than 10% compared with the control, and the salt tolerance index was higher than 1.1, belonging to strong salt tolerant varieties (lines). (2) Correlation analysis showed that the tuber yield of different sweet potato varieties (lines) planted in salinized soil was significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3 and ZR contents in leaves, and significantly negatively correlated with ABA content in leaves. It was extremely significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3 and ZR content in tubers, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with ABA content in tubers. In conclusion, sweet potato varieties(lines) such as ‘Longshu 10’, ‘Fushu 604’, ‘R132’, ‘R106’, ‘Jinshan 57’, ‘Jinshu 20’, ‘Longshu 116’, and ‘Funingzi 5’ are suitable for planting in salinized soil and be used as parent materials for breeding new salt tolerant sweet potato varieties.
In this study, with 'Hongyou 7' as the control, the field agronomic traits, disease-resistance performance, yield traits and rice quality of the new varieties 'Dedao 1' and 'Dedao 3' were compared to provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of soft rice varieties in Yunnan. The results showed that the growth period of 'Dedao 1' (151 days) was the longest, followed by that of 'Hongyou 7' (145 days), and the growth period of 'Dedao 3' (136 days) was the shortest. There was no significant difference in plant height among the three varieties, and the occurrence of field diseases was generally mild. Among them, the disease indices of panicle neck blast, bacterial blight and sheath blight of 'Dedao 1' and 'Dedao 3' were significantly lower than those of 'Hongyou 7'. The panicle length, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of 'Dedao 1' and 'Dedao 3' were higher than those of 'Hongyou 7', and their average yields were 15.54% and 6.89% higher than that of 'Hongyou 7' respectively. The cooking quality of 'Dedao 1' and 'Dedao 3' was better than that of 'Hongyou 7'. Compared with 'Hongyou 7', the new varieties 'Dedao 1' and 'Dedao 3' have outstanding comprehensive performance and good adaptability, and can be further demonstrated, popularized and planted in the soft-rice production areas of Yunnan.
Under the condition of dry cultivation, the potato variety ‘Villas’ was used as the material, and the plant growth regulators were sprayed on the leaves at different plant height periods during the flowering stage. The effects of polyazole mepiquat chloride and uniconazol on the growth characteristics, agronomic traits and yield of potato at different plant height periods were compared. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between yield and plant height, and the correlation index was -0.8935. Spraying plant growth regulators at different plant heights had a very significant effect on increasing yield. When the plant height was about 60 cm, the effect of foliar spraying of polyazole mepiquat chloride was the best, and the yield of ‘Villas’ was the highest, which was 22.79% higher than that of the control. Spraying plant growth regulators on leaves promotes plant height dwarfing and tuber yield increasing. In field production, it is of practical guiding significance for producers to clarify how many centimeters of plant height are treated with chemicals, in order to provide basic data for chemical regulation of potato variety ‘Villas’ planting.
The paper aims to address the issues of wheat variety selection and corresponding pest and disease control in different regions. Firstly, a data corpus with 3481 wheat variety data and 312 pest data was constructed. According to the characteristics of the corpus, the knowledge system model layer of wheat variety and pest control was defined in a fine grained manner. Secondly, the comparative advantages of Bert and Word2vec word - embedding models on small and medium-sized datasets were verified on public datasets and constructed datasets respectively, and then the attribute knowledge of wheat varieties and pests was extracted by using models suitable for each scale datasets. The experimental results showed that the F1 value of Bert-BiLSTM-CRF model was 0.1499 higher than that of Word2vec-BiLSTM-CRF model in breed datasets. Word2vec-BiLSTM-CRF model was superior to Bert-BiLSTM-CRF model in pest datasets.
This study aims to study the application strategies of new technologies such as Internet+, 3S, AI, and big data in biological invasion prevention and control, and analyze the application paths of digital intelligent platforms in biological invasion prevention and control, so as to solve the problem of inefficiency and time-consuming in traditional invasive biological prevention and control. We used field surveys, literature reviews, and typical case analysis to comprehensively evaluate the role of digital and intelligent platforms in biological invasion monitoring and prevention. The results show that the ways to improve digital intelligence in biological invasion prevention and control include solution design and platform construction, digital intelligence improvement in data collection and processing, and implementation and application in specific ecosystem types. The focus is on the use of Internet+, 3S technology, AI big data analysis, data mining and data cleaning and other technical means to build an intelligent monitoring and early warning system for invasive organisms, so as to achieve the management of basic information on biological invasive species, visualize its spatial distribution and hazard degree, and focus on the application of drones, sensors, and etc. in the detection and removal of biological invasion. The results are expected to provide scientific reference for improving the efficiency of biological invasion prevention and control and building a digital intelligent platform.
This paper reviews the history and present situation of research on soil mineral composition and mineralogical types in China, explores research hotspots and difficulties, and provides reference for scientific, accurate and convenient judgment and determination of soil mineralogical types in soil genetic classification or systematic classification. CNKI database was searched by bibliometric retrieval method and 265 articles on soil mineral composition and mineralogical types were collected. This paper analyzed the research direction, subject research focus and research methods, development trend and existing problems of such work over recent 70 years. Soil minerals contain primary minerals and secondary clay minerals, normally affected by parent rock types, environmental climates, weathering, formation time, and the soil composition is complex and varied. In the process of soil formation and evolution, soil minerals have an impact on soil texture, biochemical characteristics, nutrient released, etc. Soil mineral composition is an important reference and basis for both soil texture genetic classification and soil systematic classification. To determine the mineralogical type, it is necessary to define the target soil control layers and particle sizes first. On this premise, the main mineral components are determined and their content levels are analyzed by physical or chemical methods, and the mineralogical type of the target soil is finally determined by comprehensively judging the content level of major mineral components in a certain particle size level within the specific control layers. Soil mineral composition is an important index of soil classification. Besides the relevant techniques of direct determination of mineral composition and content levels, it is of practical significance to explore and summarize the characteristic of mineral composition and distribution in soils so as to obtain soil mineral species easily, rapidly and at low cost.
In light of the low phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency and the potential risk of non-point source pollution in the corn production system of the Tumochuan Plain, this study investigated the effects of combined application of fulvic acid and phosphorus fertilizer. Corn yield, dry matter accumulation in various plant organs, and phosphorus uptake were measured to calculate phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency. The effects of fulvic acid on phosphorus absorption and corn yield were analyzed, and an appropriate application rate of fulvic acid for the region was determined. The results indicated that (1) the appropriate application of 96 kg/hm2 P2O5 combined with 450 kg/hm2 fulvic acid (P1+FA3) could significantly enhance corn yield by 7.49% to 27.96%. (2) The P1+FA3 treatment promoted the biomass accumulation of various above-ground organs of corn. Specifically, stem biomass increased by 18.85% to 35.26%, leaf biomass by 13.46% to 23.64%, and grain biomass by 9.68% to 27.41% compared to other treatments. (3) The P1+FA3 treatment significantly improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, enhanced agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer and partial productivity of phosphorus in corn. In conclusion, within the corn production system of the Tumochuan Plain, the combined application of 450 kg/hm2 fulvic acid under an appropriate phosphorus fertilizer rate could synergistically improve both corn yield and phosphorus use efficiency.
In order to explore a new cultivation substrate and a simplified cultivation method for Coprinus comatus, using the conventional formula as the control, 30% waste exogenous nutrition bag of Morchella spp. was added instead of bran as the experiment formula, and the C. comatus was cultivated by simplified cultivation method. The mycelium growth, fruiting body yield, raw material cost and nutritional ingredient of C. comatus were analyzed. The results showed that the mycelium characters, fruiting body yield and characters of C. comatus cultivated with the experiment formula were not significantly different from control, and the cost of cultivation raw materials was reduced by 29%. The contents of protein, total amino acids, flavonoids, fat and ash were lower than those of the control. The waste exogenous nutrition bag of Morchella spp. can be used as substrate materials to provide nitrogen source and partial carbon source for the growth of C. comatus. The simplified cultivation method of C. comatus can be effectively simplify the cultivation process and reduce the cost of raw materials.
By analyzing the distribution and utilization characteristics of nutrient elements in apple trees, the variation of nutrient content in roots, branches, leaves and fruits of apple trees at different growth stages and the existing fertilization technology of apple trees, the demand range of different nutrient elements in different parts of apple trees at different growth stages and the technical basis of formula fertilization of apple trees were clarified in this study. It was suggested that the nutrient content and proportion of different parts of fruit trees should be combined with the development of fertilizer formula to develop special formula fertilizer more suitable for apple trees, and more efficient fertilization technology should be used to apply fertilizer reasonably and accurately, reduce fertilizer loss, and improve fruit quality and yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
This study focused on four typical plantation types (Platycladus orientalis forest, Pinus tabuliformis- Amorpha fruticosa forest, Ziziphus jujuba forest, and Pinus tabuliformis- Rhus typhina forest) in the loess stone mountain area of northern Shaanxi. Their ecological benefits were comprehensively evaluated and a multi-dimensional ecological benefit evaluation system was constructed through community surveys, soil physicochemical property measurements, plant physiological index analyses, diversity index calculations, and using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The results showed that the number of species in Platycladus orientalis forest and Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest was 20, which was higher than that in Z. jujuba forest, and Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest, while Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest exhibited significantly higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index in its tree and shrub layers than other 3 types of forest. However, there were no significant differences in herbaceous layer community characteristic indices among the 4 plantations. The total phosphorus content in the soil of Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest was significantly higher than that in other 3 types of forest. The total potassium content in the soil of Platycladus orientalis forest and Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest was significantly higher than that in the Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest and Z. jujuba forest, while the available potassium content was significantly lower than that in the latter 2 forests. The leaves photosynthetic capacity of the broadleaf trees (Z. jujuba and R. typhina) was significantly higher than that of the coniferous tree (Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis), while the leaf water content was significantly lower than that of the coniferous tree. Comprehensive analysis revealed that soil physicochemical properties and the physiological state of dominant tree species significantly influenced understory vegetation community composition. The comprehensive ecological benefit evaluation ranked the four plantations in descending order as follows: Pinus tabuliformis- R. typhina forest, Pinus tabuliformis- A. fruticosa forest, Z. jujuba forest, and Platycladus orientalis forest. The study confirmed that the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest improved community stability and soil nutrient supply capacity through niche complementarity, which was more suitable for ecological restoration along the loess stone mountain area in northern Shaanxi, and the mixed forest of Pinus tabuliformis and R. typhina could be promoted as a preferred model.
To explore the curing process in heat pump bulk for one time harvesting upper tobacco leaves in the tobacco-rice multiple-cropping area, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different curing processes on the ratio of greenish and miscellaneous tobacco, high quality tobacco ratio, average price, energy consumption, appearance quality, physical character, chemical composition, and smoking quality of the cured tobacco leaves. The results show that compared with the four-step curing process, the steady temperature and humidity drop curing process can enhance the chromaticity of tobacco leaves, increase the chlorogenic acid content of tobacco leaves, increase the proportion of main tobacco leaves by 5.61%, reduce the proportion of miscellaneous tobacco leaves by 38.05%, reduce the proportion of greenish tobacco leaves by 54.40%, increase the high quality tobacco ratio by14.74%, increase the average price, appearance quality index, and total score of smoking quality by 8.59%, 8.29%, and 2.38%, respectively, and reduce the total energy consumption cost by 3.95%. Therefore, for the one time harvesting upper tobacco leaves in the tobacco-rice multiple-cropping area, the use of steady temperature and humidity drop curing process in heat pump intensive curing barn can improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves, reduce curing costs, and have certain promotion value.
The purpose of this study is to make rational use of agricultural climate resources, carry out the climate suitable zoning of seabuckthorn planting in Aheqi, and arrange the planting area of seabuckthorn scientifically. Base on the historical meteorological data of 25 national meteorological stations in Aheqi County and its surrounding areas from 1991 to 2024, the climatic regionalization index of seabuckthorn planting in Aheqi County was determined by using ≥10°C accumulated temperature, frost-free period statistical method, grid mathematical model of spatial distribution of climatic elements and their changes, and agricultural climatic regionalization method. By using ArcGIS technology, the seabuckthorn planting area was divided into four areas : the most suitable area, the suitable area, the sub-suitable area and the unsuitable area. The research shows that the most suitable areas for planting sea buckthorn are in the middle and eastern part of the county, and the central and southern plains of the southern valley. The suitable areas are in the middle and eastern part of the county and the southern plain of the valley at an altitude of 1900-2100 m and 2200-2400 m. The sub-suitable planting areas are in the county valley plain and the valley hilly low mountain belt. The unsuitable areas are distributed in the middle and high mountain areas in the western, northern and southern mountainous areas of the county.
Based on the meteorological data inside and outside the solar greenhouse in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, this study took northern energy-saving solar greenhouse as the object and systematically analyzed the greenhouse microclimate response law and regulation mechanism under four types of typical winter weather processes, including persistent cooling, low temperature, cloudy and rainy, and warming. The results indicated that: (1) the solar greenhouse maintained thermal stability through the synergistic effect of‘light-heat-soil’ energy transfer and thermal insulation, with the maximum temperature difference between inside and outside of the greenhouse reaching 28.0℃ during sunny days (early morning/noon), and the maximum difference between inside and outside of the greenhouse during cloudy and rainy days being lower than that of sunny days by 8.2℃; (2) soil heat storage capacity decayed with increasing depth, shallow ground temperature variability was significantly smaller on cloudy days than on sunny days, and soil temperature changes lagged behind air temperature, with the lag increasing with increasing soil depth; (3) under persistent overcast conditions, the temperature inside the greenhouse only dropped by 7.3℃ for 47 hours covered by the insulation blanket, which was much smaller than the temperature drop outside the greenhouse (20.5℃), suggesting that soil heat storage and insulation blanket were the core mechanisms for resisting extreme cooling; and (4) in warming weather, greenhouses showed the effect of ‘midday heat concentration’, so agricultural production needed to optimize greenhouse heat storage and humidity reduction through agricultural activities such as early uncovering and late covering of the insulation blanket and ventilation. This study revealed the interactions between the greenhouse microclimate and external meteorological conditions, agricultural management (such as the timing of uncovering the insulation blanket, soil moisture regulation), and proposed effective means to enhance the stability of the greenhouse microclimate. The research results can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for winter disaster prevention and damage reduction in facility agriculture and efficient utilization of climate resources.
In response to the strategic planning of accelerating the building of a strong agricultural country and urgent need for the transformation of scientific and technological (sci-tech for short) achievements, this study focuses on the existing shortcomings in the third-party evaluation system for agricultural sci-tech achievements, including the absence of multi-dimensional value consideration, outdated evaluation models, limited function andeffect. By tracing the source of its evolutionary history and analyzing characteristics and bottlenecks, the research identifies that the current evaluation system has obvious weaknesses in guiding scientific research orientation, supporting achievement commercialization, and serving enterprise as the principal role of innovation, and the systematic reform is urgently needed to improve the evaluation quality. To address these issues, based on practical needs, the study establishes an evaluation framework covering multi-dimensional value elements and proposes four upgrading pathways. First, a differentiated evaluation indicator systems hould be refined to enhance the integration of diverse values; second, dynamic evaluation methods should be innovated to transcend the limitations of traditional paradigms; third, a full life-cycle evaluation mechanism should be established to achieve process-effect synergy; fourth, the achievement transformation service chains hould be extended to facilitate precise supply-demand matching. Additionally, strategies for transforming and upgrading the evaluation system are explored from different perspectives including evaluation theory innovation, digital platform construction, resource integration and sharing mechanisms, and innovation ecosystem cultivation. The research demonstrates that the integration of institutional innovation with technological empowerment can effectively activate the core role of third-party evaluation in accelerating the transformation of sci-tech achievements into real productivity force and promoting high-quality development of agricultural technology, thereby providing theoretical support and practical reference for improving the agricultural sci-tech governance system.
