To improve the quality of seeds, realize the standardization of seeds, and promote the increase of rapeseed yield, the effects of different drug varieties on the growth of rapeseed were explored by pelletizing coating of rapeseed seeds in this study. Among them, the effects of pelletized seed coating agent (NXY-1) and Switzerland suspension seed coating agent (SLS) coated with different drug ratios on the seedling growth of rapeseed were studied using Brassica napus 'Fan-ming No. 1' as the test material. The results showed that the optimal seed mass ratio was 1:300 in the pelletized seed coating agent NXY-1, and the pelletized seed coating agent could promote seed emergence, with the highest dry-to-fresh weight ratio before winter and full flowering stage, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content were the highest 21 days after emergence compared with the control, which could effectively increase the contents of chlorophyll and gibberellin, and the effect was better than that of the imported seed coating agent SLS.
To explore the water management methods to enhance the usability of upper tobacco leaves in Shandong tobacco-growing areas and investigate their response patterns, field experiments were conducted by using ‘Zhongyan 100’ as the experimental material. The effects of furrow irrigation after watering on the accumulation of material, photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content and accumulation, leaf tissue structure, and chemical composition of upper tobacco leaves were studied. The results indicated that, compared to conventional treatment, furrow irrigation significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of roots, stems, and leaves, as well as the leaf thickness and photosynthetic characteristics of post-cured tobacco throughout its growth period. It also promoted the transport of nitrogen from roots and stems to leaves, enhancing nitrogen content and accumulation in late-stage leaves. It reduced reducing sugar and total sugar content, while significantly increased nicotine, total nitrogen content, and maintained appropriate values for sugar-to-nicotine and nitrogen-to-nicotine ratios. In summary, furrow irrigation effectively promotes the growth and development of upper tobacco leaves and enhances their quality. This provides a reference for improving the usability of upper tobacco leaves in Shandong tobacco-growing areas.
The research aims to achieve rapid discrimination of five types of flue-cured tobacco flavor profiles, including clean sweet, honey sweet, honey sweet roasted, roasted sweet mellow, and roasted sweet roasted. Fifty-one C3F grade samples of flue-cured tobacco from five provinces were selected. Variance analysis and discriminant analysis were conducted on the organic acids, amino acids, and aromatic substances in the tobacco leaves. A Fisher discriminant function was established. The total amino acid content in clean sweet and honey sweet roasted types was significantly higher than in roasted sweet mellow type. There were no significant differences in total organic acid and aromatic substance content among the five flavor types. However, differences were observed in some higher fatty acids, phenylalanine degradation products, carotenoid degradation products, and quinones. A total of nine indicators, including succinic acid, citric acid, eicosanoic acid, serine, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, guaiacol, isobutyrophenone, podocarpatrienone-3, and phenylpropanone, were incorporated into the discriminant function. The discriminant function established achieved correct rates of 94.1% and 86.3% through self-validation and cross-validation, respectively. The discriminant function established in this study demonstrated good discrimination performance and high accuracy for the five types of flue-cured tobacco flavor profiles.
To understand the continuous cropping obstacles of large-scale vegetable bases in Hangzhou, 20 representative vegetable bases were selected and the physical and chemical properties of topsoil from the bases were analyzed based on the investigation. The results showed that the average planting years of the base were 13.75 a, the phenomenon of continuous cropping was common, the obstacles of continuous cropping were prominent, the average crop yield reduced 15.0%, and the application amount of fertilizer was too large. Soil degradation was serious, and 55.0% of the samples was in pH≤5.5. Samples with salt content >0.2% accounted for 35.0%; the enrichment of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil was obvious, with average values of 93.8 mg/kg and 516 mg/kg, respectively. In view of the degradation problem, the corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward.
The study aims to clarify the soil fertility status of the brown soil peanut production area in southeastern Shandong, and provide reference for the management of soil nutrient resources in the peanut production area. The soil samples of peanut production area in Yinan County, a typical brown soil, were selected to determine soil bulk density, pH and various nutrient components. The results showed that the brown soil farmland in the peanut production area of southeastern Shandong was mainly composed of poorly permeable plots, with poor soil aggregate structure and low permeability; it was mostly acidic or slightly acidic, with severe soil acidification; organic matter, phosphorus and calcium content were relatively abundant; nitrogen supply capacity was moderate, but with small capacity, potential for nitrogen nutrition was lacking; the potassium supply intensity was relatively small, the potential was too low, and the potential potassium nutrition was severely lacking; effective manganese was lacking, effective boron was moderate, while the content of effective copper, effective zinc, effective iron, and effective molybdenum were relatively abundant. Among the six main evaluation indicators that directly affect peanut growth, except for pH and available potassium level at level 4 and available nitrogen level at level 3, other three indicators were all at level 2. The distribution of nutrients in brown soil in southeastern Shandong was uneven, with severe acidification of farmland, moderate nitrogen nutrients, severe potassium deficiency, and abundant phosphorus and calcium nutrients. Through deep tillage and loosening of the soil, supplementing nitrogen, increasing potassium fertilizer application, formula fertilization and other agricultural measures, the active soil layer was thickened, the fertilizer and water retention capacity was improved, and the soil environment was improved, which was more suitable for the growth and development of peanuts. The brown soil in this area also had trace element conditions that were conducive to improving peanut yield and quality, making it a fertile soil for peanut production.
Revealing the land bearing capacity (LBC) state of livestock and poultry manures (LPMs) in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, can provide theoretical references for adjusting and optimizing regional livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) pattern, promoting planting-breeding combination and green development of agriculture. Based on the nutrient supply from LPM and the nutrient demand of crops, this study used the recommended method of the Technical Guide for Calculating The Land Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure, to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of LBC state of LPMs from the perspective of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Dezhou City in the past ten years (from 2012 to 2021). The results indicated that: (1) in terms of time distribution, the total input and supply of nitrogen nutrients from LPMs in 2021 were 15.55×104 tons and 9.51×104 tons, and those of phosphorus nutrients were 2.33×104 tons and 1.7×104 tons, the total amount of LPB was 1412.59×104 (pig equivalent), and the LBC of LPMs was 1937.72×104 (pig equivalent) (based on nitrogen supply and demand), the land bearing capacity index was 0.73.These overall trends was decreasing compared with 2012. The increase of the amount of LPB was 525.14×104 (pig equivalent), an increase of 74.89% compared with that in 2012. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the planting and breeding in the central and southern counties (cities and districts) were more developed, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients supply and demand from LPMs were higher. The results in 2021 showed that the lands were overloaded with manures in Qingyun County and Pingyuan County, and that was not overloaded in Xiajin County, but the land bore great pressure. The lands were not overloaded with manures in Yucheng City, Lingcheng District, Decheng District, Qihe County, Ningjin County, Laoling City, Linyi County and Wucheng County, but the bearing pressures of lands varied greatly among different regions. In general, the land was not overloaded with manures in Dezhou city, and there was still a certain growth space for the scale of LPB. However, there were obvious differences in the capacity of lands to absorb manures in different districts, and the development potentials of breeding scale were different. Therefore, it was necessary to optimize the pattern of LPB, promote the combination of planting and breeding, and implement inter-regional collaborative management.
In order to investigate the precise impact of sunburn on fruit yield during the flowering period, this study, taking sweet cherries as an example, conducted correlation analysis and linear regression analysis on yield and meteorological factors using SPSS software, through field observations, surveys, and data statistics. The results showed that the yield had a significant negative correlation with the number of days with temperatures ≤3℃, the number of days with temperatures ≥30℃, and the sunshine duration corresponding to the high-temperature period. The correlation coefficients were -0.585, -0.369, and -0.380, respectively, which passed the significance test with a confidence level of 99 %. This indicated that low temperature, high temperature and strong light (sunburn) during the flowering period could affect the yield of sweet cherries. Field observations also found that high temperatures and strong light during the flowering period of sweet cherries could cause desiccation of the pistil, decreased pollen viability, and even empty anthers, resulting in difficulties or failure in pollination, thus affecting the yield.
In order to understand the differences in growth status between grafted and self-rooted seedlings of Yantai ground cucumber, and to clarify the impact of grafting on the growth and development of Yantai ground cucumber, field experiments were conducted to compare the botanical characters, fruit characteristics, nutritional quality, sensory quality, and yield characteristics of grafted and self-rooted seedlings of Yantai ground cucumber. The results showed that grafting had a certain promoting effect on the plant height, stem thickness, and internode length of cucumber plants. Grafting basically retained the excellent characteristics of cucumber fruits. The vitamin C content of grafted cucumber seedlings decreased significantly. The fruit shape and color preference of grafted cucumber seedlings were higher than those of self-rooted cucumber seedlings, The flesh color, sweetness, moisture, cucumber flavor, astringency, bitterness, and overall preference of grafted cucumber seedlings were lower than those of self-rooted cucumber seedlings, and the difference between the two did not reach a significant level. Grafting can increase the yield of Yantai ground cucumber and increase the single fruit weight of cucumber. There are certain differences in the growth status of cucumber between grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings in Yantai.
This study aims to estimate crab yield by using meteorological factors. The crab yield and meteorological factors were acquired at five key growth stages (stocking period, 1st-3rd shelling period, 4th shelling period, 5th shelling period and mature fishing period) from 2010-2022 in Xinghua of Jiangsu. Meanwhile, the meteorological factors were used as the inputs for the three machine learning algorithms for the crab yield estimation. The three machine learning algorithms included the Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Finally, the estimation models were developed using Leave-One-Out cross validation under different growth stages. The results showed that the precision of estimating crab yield by different meteorological factors was significantly different at different growth stages. For the three machine learning algorithms, the SVR was found to be superior to the RFR and the PLSR (coefficient of determination, R2=0.95-0.98, RMSE=24.07-35.14 kg/hm2). In the single growth stage, the highest estimation accuracy was observed at the stocking period (R2=0.98, RMSE=24.07 kg/hm2). In the whole growth period, the estimation accuracy was (R2=0.92, RMSE=44.31 kg/hm2). Therefore, the meteorological factors can be expected to estimate crab yield under the different growth stages.
In Tai'erzhuang District National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve of Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco, the catch was obtained by setting up three multi-mesh compound gill nets and setting series cage pots, and the data of the catch were measured and analyzed. The present composition of fish, dominant species, biodiversity and the stock of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco) were investigated. A total of 22 species, belonging to 5 orders and 9 families, were detected, of which 14 species (64%) were cyprinoid, one species (4%) catfish and one species of herring (4%), three species of perch (14%) and three species of crustaceans (14%). For the protected species Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco, the total DNA was extracted by column genomic DNA extraction kit. The results show that the population structure is stable and the genetic diversity is at a high level, the wild germplasm resources are in good condition. This finding confirms that the biodiversity within the reserve is effectively maintained, and that positive outcomes have been achieved in the conservation efforts of pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
On the basis of quantitative analysis of China's formula feed standards, this article summarizes the evolution of China's formula feed standards in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of the feed industry. This article applies quantitative analysis methods and selects national and non-national standard systems for formula feed of 39 years in China from 1984 to 2023 as research samples. ROST CM6 software is used to quantitatively analyze the evolution characteristics of formula feed standards in China. Research has found that China's feed standards have gone through four peak periods of standard formulation and publication, with a focus on feed standard testing, experimental animal formula feed, formula feed nutrition standards, and formula feed hygiene standards. Non national standards have a certain degree of advancement or lag compared to national standards. At different stages, China's formulated feed standards have been continuously revised and improved from promulgation to development into the current feed standard system with Chinese characteristics.
To assess the farmers’ cognition on climate change and implement the action of improving the quality and efficiency of meteorological services for farmers, the response of phenological period to climate change was studied. Based on the phenological period data of Jiamusi City from 1993 to 2022, temperature and precipitation data from 1961 to 2022 and climate change perception data of farmers, we analyzed the relationship between climate change and phenological period and the farmers' perception of climate change with the mathematical statistics methods. In recent 30 a, the changes in the spring phenological period in the Sanjiang Plain have all shown an early trend, while the changes in the autumn phenological period have all shown a delayed trend. The trend of the dandelion phenological period shows the most significant changes, with the germination date of dandelion advancing at a rate of 5.5 d/10 a and the withering date delaying at a rate of 10.6 d/10 a; there are 8 pairs of extremely significant correlations and 6 pairs of significant correlations between temperature, precipitation, and phenological periods in spring and autumn, with 7 pairs of positive correlations and 7 pairs of negative correlations. The changes in the spring phenology are mainly influenced by temperature, while the changes in the autumn phenology are influenced by precipitation; the farmer’s perception results of temperature changes were basically consistent with the measured data, accuracy rate reached above 80%, and there were differences between the precipitation change trend perceived by farmers and the measured meteorological data, and the accuracy rate was 58.0%. The accuracy of the natural phenomenon phenological perception results was lower than the perception results of temperature and precipitation changes. With the increase of temperature and precipitation, the occurrence date of the phenology period is advanced and the end date is delayed, the phenology period shows an extended trend. Farmers have a more sensitive and relatively accurate perception of climate change related to agricultural production. The research results provide scientific basis and reference for formulating effective climate change adaptation policies for agricultural production.
This study, based on the land use change survey data from 2018, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the agricultural land consolidation potential in 113 administrative villages of Habahe County. Through GIS spatial analysis and hierarchical analysis methods, the potential of cultivated land was measured from two dimensions: quantity and quality. The research found that the area of agricultural land consolidation in Habahe County was 34482.41 hm2, of which the existing cultivated land area was 30904.50 hm2. After calculation, the quantitative potential of agricultural land consolidation could increase cultivated land by 2900.05 hm2, with a new cultivated land coefficient of 8.41%. Combining the local crop planting structure system, it was calculated that agricultural land consolidation could increase cultivated land productivity by 3479.28 t. This indicated that Habahe County had significant potential for agricultural land consolidation. Based on the new cultivated land coefficient and the quality of cultivated land, the consolidation potential is divided into four levels. The research results point out that farmland construction in Habahe County should be supported by improving water and road infrastructure, strengthening farmland protection, and improving soil through agricultural biotechnological measures to enhance the quality of cultivated land, increase land use efficiency, and improve the output efficiency of cultivated land. The study provides a foundation and basis for future land remediation planning in this area.
As the largest producer and consumer of tea in the world, tea industry agglomeration level of China is directly related to the stable development of China's tea industry. Based on the planting data of various tea producing provinces in China from 1991 to 2020, the spatial Gini coefficient, location quotient, and concentration coefficient were used to quantitatively measure the agglomeration level of each tea producing province in China, explore the development trend of China's tea industry agglomeration, and propose countermeasures and suggestions. The results indicate that: (1) China's tea planting areas are clustered towards the southwest and central and eastern regions, especially in Yunnan, Fujian, Hubei, and Sichuan. (2) The spatial agglomeration degree of China's tea industry is relatively high, with the lowest in 1997 and the highest in 2018. (3) The degree of specialization in China's tea industry is relatively high, and the specialized regions are relatively stable, mainly reflected in the central and eastern regions dominated by Fujian and Zhejiang, and the southwestern regions dominated by Yunnan and Guizhou. (4) The concentration level of China's tea industry is relatively high, and the agglomeration areas are relatively stable, gradually showing a trend towards the central and eastern regions mainly composed of Fujian and Hubei, and the southwestern regions mainly composed of Yunnan and Guizhou. (5) There are significant differences in the level of concentration and specialization of the tea industry among different tea producing provinces, with the overall level of concentration being higher than that of specialization. To further enhance the clustering level of China's tea industry, efforts should be made from three aspects: tea farmers, tea enterprises, and the government to promote the upgrading of China's tea industry and the high-quality development of the tea industry.
