‘Yongyou 988’ is a new maize variety bred by Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with T1932 from European flint line as the female parent and ‘Xun 856’ as the male parent, and it was approved by the nation for Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region in 2021. In this study, the breeding process, parent source and characteristics, yield performance, stress resistance, disease resistance and quality analysis of the variety were analyzed. The study proposed that in variety breeding, we should highlight the exploration and utilization of excellent germplasm resources, strengthen adversity selection and improve ecological adaptability of the varieties, so as to breed a new maize variety with high yield and quality, wide adaptability, density tolerance and strong stress resistance.

As the byproduct of agricultural production, crop straw is an important renewable resource. Previous studies have shown that the main component of crop straw is lignocellulose. Some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce certain enzymes that are capable to degrade lignocellulose. The present study summarized the types and degradation mechanisms of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, and reviewed the reported microbial species which could degrade rice, wheat and corn straw. In addition, this study analyzed the shortcomings of the identified single microorganism strain and microbial complex for commercial application, and discussed the perspectives and directions of future research. The review will provide reference for screening novel high-quality lignocellulose degradation microorganisms and developing cellulose-degrading microorganisms for resource utilization of crop straw.

Improving the rural habitat environment is one of the most important tasks in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. This paper mainly summarized the related research on the habitat environment improvement in China, including the rural habitat environment improvement and rural revitalization strategy, the rural habitat environment construction and beautiful rural construction, the key task of habitat environment improvement, the regional differences and existing problems of rural habitat environment, etc. This paper put forward the direction of future research, that is, to deepen the renovation practice research, to carry out theoretical research on the rural habitat environment improvement, to attach importance to village planning management, to improve construction and management mechanisms, and to study on effect, influencing factors and evaluation methods of the rural habitat environment improvement.

To understand the biological characteristics of 1-year-old Micropterus salmoides, both external morphological traits and internal anatomy are investigated by using traditional methods of morphology and anatomy method. M. salmoides is spindle-shaped and covered with ctenoid scale. Its body shows black back, turquoise body side and white abdomen. There are black stripes on body. The ratio of intestine gut length to body length is 0.833, while the ratio of intestine and viscera weight to body weight is 0.006 and 0.091, respectively. Observed numbers of morphological characteristics of M. salmoides are: dorsal fins Ⅷ-Ⅸ(14-15), caudal fins 22-23, anal fins Ⅱ( 10-12), pelvic fins Ⅰ(5), pectoral fins 12~14, lateral line scales 64-71, the upper scales of lateral line 6-10, the lower scales of lateral line 16-17, the first gill arch raker 7-8, pyloric caecum 16-27, vertebrae 26-32. The correlation equation of total length (T_L) and body weight (B_W) is: B_W=2407-20.711T_L+0.047T_L²(R²=0.942). The correlation equation of body height and body weight is: B_W=0.005B_H^2.591(R²=0.982). Body height, body width and head height are the main traits that affect body weight. The results could provide morphometric tools for species identification, systematic taxonomy, artificial propagation and variety breeding of M. salmoides.

Agricultural managers are a new force born with the growing of the scale, specialization, intensification and informatization of agricultural production and operation. Strengthening the construction of agricultural managers and giving full play to their due role and great potential have profound and practical significance for accelerating the construction of an agricultural power. This paper reviews the background of the emergence of agricultural managers, expounds the significance of strengthening the construction of agricultural managers to accelerating the building of a strong agriculture country, summarizes and analyzes the current typical practices in promoting the construction of agricultural managers in various places. Aiming at the main problems, we must take multiple measures and comprehensive actions to promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the agricultural managers from all aspects, such as, putting forward from the perspectives of increasing training intensity, improving training content, carrying out level evaluation, building communication platform, constructing incentive mechanism, promoting reasonable flow and creating a good environment.

To clarify suitable sowing rate of wheat cultivars in Henan Province, five main wheat cultivars including ‘Zhoumai22’, ‘Xinong979’, ‘Zhengmai7698’, ‘Aikang58’ and ‘Bainong207’ were used as the materials,and the experiments were conduced at different areas. The effects of different sowing rates on the yield and yield components were studied. The results showed that the yield increased gradually with the increase of sowing rate, and reached the maximum when the sowing rate was 187.50 kg/hm2, while the yield showed a declining trend with the continuously increasing sowing rate. In the respect of yield components, the spike number per area showed an upward trend with the increase of sowing rate, but the kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight showed a downward trend. In the suitable sowing rate, the yield order of five cultivars was:‘Bainong207’＞‘Zhoumai22’＞‘Zhengmai7698’＞‘Aikang58’＞‘Xinong979’. Taken together, the suitable sowing rate of wheat cultivars is from 150.00 kg/hm2 to 225.00 kg/hm2, and 187.50 kg/hm2 is the optimum sowing rate which can obtain the maximum yield.

To understand the distribution characteristics of the stagnic anthrosols in mountainous areas of southwest China and promote the quantitative soil classification, based on the analysis data of representative soil profiles obtained from soil investigation in Guizhou from 2015 to 2017, and combined with previous soil survey data in Guizhou, we studied the formation, taxonomic classification and geographical distribution of stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou and their relationship with the soil formation environments by applying the diagnostic classification method of Chinese soil taxonomy. The results show that: there are 4 groups of stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou (i.e, gleyi-, Fe-leachi-, Fe-accumuli-, and Hapli-stagnic anthrosols), and 11 subgroups of them are identified; the diagnostic horizons of Guizhou include “anthrostagnic epipedon”, “Fe-leachi-hydragric horizon”, “Fe-accumuli-hydragric horizon”, and “albic horizon”; the identified diagnostic characteristics include “gleyic fertures” and “secondary calcic accumulation”; the stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou has obvious characteristics of organic matter accumulation and clay vertical migration, and the soil pH value varies greatly. The topographic condition is the main factor that affects the differentiation in groups and subgroups of the stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou, the main soil groups are Fe-accumuli-stagnic anthrosols and Hapli-stagnic anthrosols.

This paper takes the reform of the classification of public institutions as the research background and the public welfare institutions of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the research object, and carries out the study by adopting the literature research method and the historical research method. We start with the connotation of the wage system, wage level and wage adjustment mechanism, and sort out the concept of the wage system of the institutions and the normal adjustment mechanism of wages. From the perspective of history and development, we analyze the research and conclusions of the past literature on the wage system, wage level, wage growth mechanism, and classification of institutions, and describe the distribution of wages and the characteristics of wage systems in different periods. We also summarize the core elements of the changes in the previous wage system, explore the internal relationship between the reform of the wage system of public institutions and the development of social economy and the changes of the state management system, and clearly put forward the significance of improving the wage system of public institutions. The wage level of staff in public institutions should be coordinated with the national economic development and adapted to social progress. At present, in the context of deepening the classification reform of public institutions, it is necessary to complement and perfect the wage system and normal growth mechanism of public institutions in line with the public welfare requirements of the development of agriculture, and stimulate the enthusiasm of staff officers of agricultural public welfare institutions. Speeding up the construction of a balanced comparison mechanism with the external labor market, the normal growth mechanism of basic wages and the dynamic adjustment of performance pay are suggested measures.

Agricultural science popularization is not only an important bridge to realize the effective transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements, but also the key to realize the improvement of national agricultural scientific literacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the modernization development path of agricultural science popularization for different social groups in China, in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of agricultural science popularization to meet multiple demands at the present stage. Based on the statistical data of China's science popularization in 2021, this paper analyzes the current status and problems of China's agricultural science popularization through horizontal and vertical comparison of science popularization data from the perspectives of talent team, communication channels, bases and funds. Generally, the development of agricultural science popularization in China is in a good direction on the whole. The teams, channels and bases have been greatly developed, but there are still deficiencies in the supply of science popularization content, interest, special facilities and the participation of multiple subjects. Therefore, to promote the development of agricultural science popularization in China, it is necessary to fully optimize the allocation of existing resources, improve the application of new media, and realize the multiple inputs of market entities and multi-party participation of agricultural science popularization talents.

According to the grass species which are mainly applied in sod culture in southern orchards and tea gardens, the study explores the characteristics of grass species that need to be understood for sod culture. The study describes the research progress of Trifolium repens, Stylosanthes spp., Chameaerista rotundifolia, Lotononis bainesii, Indigofera spicata, Paspalum notatum, Festuca elata, Lolium pereenne and Borreria articularis, then summarizes four problems in current grass species research, including insufficient development and selection of grass species, inconsistent research and application, difficulties in grass planting, and less attention to breeding research. Base on the review, the study proposes that the development and selection of grass species should follow the principles of suitable external botany traits, strong competitiveness with weeds, good adaptability, labor-saving cultivation, and the best combination of some other functional traits. At last, the future research direction is discussed to provide references for the promotion of sod culture in southern orchards and tea gardens.

The purpose of the study is to obtain beneficial mutants of sweetpotato by radiation mutation technology, and enrich sweetpotato germplasm resources. In this experiment, the main sweetpotato variety ‘Shangshu 19’ was used as test material. The embryogenic suspension cells were irradiated with⁶⁰Co γ ray and the irradiation doses was 80 Gy. After 6 weeks of irradiation, the surviving cells were transferred into MS solid medium containing 1.0 mg/L ABA to induce differentiation, and then transferred into MS medium to obtain 138 complete plants. Through investigating and determining the top leaf color, vein color, top leaf shape, leaf shape, top villi, potato shape, drying rate and soluble sugar content of the irradiated progenies, it was found that the top leaf color of one line (‘S19Y038’) changed, and the drying rate of three lines (‘S19Y116’, ‘S19Y215’and ‘S19Y219’) were increased significantly by 5.98%, 5.65% and 3.32%, respectively. The soluble sugar content of one strain (‘S19Y013’) was significantly increased by 17.81% compared with that of the control. These mutants with excellent characters could enrich the sweetpotato germplasm resources and have a good application prospect in breeding high-quality sweetpotato varieties.

The characteristic of domestic water consumption is an important indicator for the calculation of pollution load and wastewater treatment design in rural area. Taking Fangqian village, Dingshu Town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province as an example, the characteristics of domestic water consumption were investigated through field visits and questionnaires in rural areas of Taihu Lake. The influencing factors were analyzed as well. Results showed that the main water resource in the study area was tap water (84.7 L/d per person), which accounted for 77% of the total water consumption. The consumption for laundry water increased significantly with seasonal change and temperature increase, in contrast, the flushing water consumption decreased obviously. The amount of water used in kitchen showed limited variation. The habit developed by the residents to reuse laundry water for flushing possibly explained this phenomenon. Higher education and income levels resulted in an improvement of hygienic habit, and tap water was widely used. Water consumption of residents with yearly earning at 50-200 thousand yuan was not so sensitive to the increment of living expenses. Water consumption of people aging from 25 to 40 was higher than that of other age groups because of a better economic condition and health concerns.

To introduce a conventional method to detect exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil, the inductively coupled plasma spectrometer( ICP-OES) was used as detection means, and ammonium acetate was used as ion-exchange extractant after the exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil samples were obtained by vibrating extraction. The results show that the data of this method have high degree of accuracy, indicating that the method is suitable for the exchangeable Ca and Mg determination in all kinds of soil. At the same time, compared with existing methods, the new method has the advantage of less reagent amount, simple process, and capacity to handle bulk detection.

Alternative splicing is widespread in plants and is the main source of transcriptome and proteome diversity in organisms. With the development of science and technology, the research methods of alternative splicing have gradually become simple, convenient and efficient, and more and more alternative splicing events have been discovered in plants. The article mainly introduces the mechanism and research methods of alternative splicing in plants, as well as the latest research progress of alternative splicing in several plants, and puts forward suggestions on the research direction in the future.

In order to provide a reference for the future protection and development of agricultural heritage, we reviewed researches on protection and development of agricultural heritage at home and abroad, and analyzed the connotation of agricultural heritage. Foreign researches mainly focused on the protection and development, and were mainly empirical researches which explored the connotation, value, sustainable management of agricultural heritage. Researches in China mainly concentrated in the past ten years, focused on the definition, type, feature, value and protection and reasonable development modes of agricultural heritage. Research directions became more and more diverse, and researchers began to combine quantitative analysis with qualitative method. The researches indicated that the theory of agricultural heritage was not mature, comprehensive evaluation system has not been built yet, the contradictions between heritage protection and development has nobeen resolved. Finally, we put forward the future direction of the protection and development of agricultural heritage.

To clarify the damage characteristics of aphids in peach trees, the species, quantity and damage were investigated. The spraying method was used to compare the control efficacy of 4 insecticides on Myzus persicae Sulzer. The quantities and species of natural enemies, the dominance degree, the state of main natural enemies after 21 days of spraying insecticides, the effect of insecticide concentrations on natural enemies were compared. The results showed that: (1) in terms of species, nectarine and wild peach were mainly damaged by M. persicae, and the flowering peach was mainly damaged by Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard; quantitatively speaking, M. persicae in nectarine accounted for 95.4%, which was significantly higher than the number of H. amygdali, and there was no damage by Tuberocephalus momonis Matsumura; for wild peach, the quantities of M. persicae and H. amygdali were similar, which were significantly higher than that of T. momonis; flowering peach was mainly damaged by H. amygdali, and there were significant differences in the number of aphid species; M. persicae and H. amygdali had the mixed occurrence on individual leaf; (2) spirotetramat and sulfoxaflor were recommended at 44.8 mg/L and 33.3 mg/L for spraying treatment, and their 21 days’ control efficacy was 99.9% and 82.1%, respectively; veratridine was recommended at 10 mg/L, its 14 days’control efficacy was 38.5%; Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 was not recommended for M. persicae control; (3) the investigation revealed that there were 7 species of natural enemies of M. persicae, and Harmonia axyridis Pallas was the dominant species, accounting for 91.0%; Propylaea japonica Thunberg was the abundant species, accounting for 7.7%, and the rest were the occasional species; the stage development of the 2 species of ladybugs was basically the same, and the larvae and eggs were dominant in this stage. The study showed that all insecticides and treatments were safe for predatory natural enemies.

To study the impact of maximum residue limit standards of pesticides on China’s foreign trade of mung bean, we made a comparative analysis between China and its trading countries in terms of the quantity, the size and proportion of the maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the degree of looseness of the limit standards, based on the maximum residue limit standards of pesticides of mung bean established by China, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the European Union, Japan, the United States, South Korea, Canada and etc. The results show that China’s number of pesticide maximum residue limit standards of mung bean (83 items) is significantly fewer than that of Japan (388 items) and EU (566 items), and also lower than that of CAC (111 items), South Korea (124 items) and the United States (114 items). In addition, China has fewer exemption limit standards and uniform limit standards. The GB 2763-2019 standard only stipulates a list of 44 pesticides that is exempted from establishing the maximum residue limits of pesticides, and does not stipulate the uniform limit standards. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the update of pesticide maximum residue limit standards of relevant trading countries continuously, and combine the pesticide residue data, pesticide degradation data, toxicological data and dietary data to provide technical support for formulating pesticide maximum residue limit standards suitable for China’s mung bean production.

To screen out the effective fungicides to control tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, the toxicity of five fungicides, including streptomycin sulfate, ethylallicin, octyllamine acetate, Kejunkang and Qingkuling, to tobacco bacterial wilt bacteria was determined with plate inhibition zone method while their efficacy was tested by pot experiment in greenhouse by inoculating pathogen first and then irrigating drugs. The results showed that the five fungicides could inhibit the growth of tobacco bacterial wilt. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of fungicides and the inhibition effect. The correlation between the concentration of fungicides and the inhibition effect was significant. The EC₅₀ of 72% Streptomycin sulphate, 80% ethylallicin, 1.8% octyllamine acetate, 3% Kejunkang and 50% Qingkuling was 43.50, 154.69, 116.75, 123.43 and 37.86 mg/L, respectively. Pot experiment showed that 50% Qingkuling had the highest inhibition rate against tobacco bacterial wilt, with the control efficacy of 88.6%; followed by 72% streptomycin sulfate, with the control efficacy of 79.6%. 1.8% octyllamine acetate, 80% ethylallicin and 3% Kejunkang had poor control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt with control efficacy of 75.6%, 56.7% and 52.3%, respectively.

This study aims to explore the lead enrichment characteristics of rice varieties planted in Zhangzhou and the rice quality safety. 15 local main rice varieties were used as the experimental materials, and pot experiments and field experiments of adding lead were adopted. The lead enrichment characteristics of rice were investigated, and the risk of rice quality safety was evaluated. The results showed that the lead content of the 15 rice varieties was in the range of 0.016-0.061 mg/kg, 0.061-0.198 mg/kg and 0.157-0.606 mg/kg, respectively, when the total lead content of pot experiment was 22.4 mg/kg, 103.5 mg/kg and 204.8 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). When the total lead content of the field experiment was 23.4 mg/kg, 26.4 mg/kg and 23.5 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5), the variation scope of lead content of the 15 rice varieties was 0.016-0.056 mg/kg, 0.024-0.069 mg/kg and 0.014-0.056 mg/kg, respectively. The lead content of the same rice variety was positively and linearly correlated with the total lead content in soil (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of lead among different rice varieties (P<0.05), and the enrichment coefficient of pot experiment and field experiment was 0.059%-0.296% and 0.060%-0.261%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that there were 4 rice varieties with high enrichment ability, 6 varieties with medium enrichment ability and 5 varieties with low enrichment ability. According to the limit standard of lead in rice in GB 2762-2017(0.2 mg/kg), for rice varieties with low, medium and high enrichment ability, the critical risk value of cadmium was 204.1-274.7 mg/kg, 113.5 -180.0 mg/kg and 82.7-107.1 mg/kg, respectively, in paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). Overall, the lead enrichment characteristics of the 15 main rice varieties in Zhangzhou are significantly different. Planting in paddy fields where the total lead content is above the critical risk value, the lead content will have a quality safety risk of being higher than 0.2 mg/kg.

To select alfalfa varieties adapting in saline areas of the Yellow River Delta, a three-year field experiment of complete randomized block was conducted to compare the plant height and hay yield of 50 alfalfa varieties. The results showed that: the production performance of different alfalfa varieties were different, except that‘Sijiwang’could not grow normally; the varieties‘SR4030’,‘Zhongmu No.1’,‘55V12’, ‘Zhongmu No.2’,‘Magna 6’,‘agna 551’,‘Xinmu No.2’and‘Lumu No.1’had higher hay yield and plant height, and the above two indexes of‘SR4030’reached 20.53 t/hm2 and 76.50 cm, respectively; on the contrary, the hay yield and plant height of‘Longmu No.806’,‘Caoyuan No.3’,‘Dafuhao’,‘DLF- 194’, ‘Alfaqueen’,‘Aergangjin’,‘Alfaking’and‘Aohan’were lower. Overall, the hay yield and plant height of different alfalfa varieties decrease with the increase of stubble. ‘SR4030’ has the best production performance, and is most suitable for planting in saline areas of the Yellow River Delta, followed by‘Zhongmu No.1’,‘55V12’and‘Zhongmu No.2’.

Management reform of central fiscal investment for science and technology has accomplished stage tasks. Aiming at how to promote industry development with these integrated central funds, this review introduces initial exploration, stage effect, typical cases and managerial experiences of the specific funding of Research and Development of Synthesis Technique for Reduction and Synergy of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides. Besides, we also discuss following work such as forging the county model for scientific and technological support, improving comprehensive performance evaluation mechanism focusing on solving practical issues, consolidating joint efforts model, summarizing significant breakthroughs, carrying out strategic studies based on strategic research, seeking stable funding, supporting the strategy of rural vitalization and green growth, etc., hoping to provide references for relevant administrative departments and researchers.

Creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry is of great significance to the Sannong issue (agriculture, rural area and farmer). The study analyzed the problems of single funding channel, insufficient function expansion, lack of industrial development planning, extensive supporting facilities, insufficient brand influence, weak sense of ownership of farmers, and short industrial chain in the development of creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry in Huai’an City. From the perspective of the creative model combining agriculture, forestry and tourism industry, the study proposed six modes of creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry in Huai’an, including “Colorful Flower+ Wedding Industry= Romantic Home” mode, “Diversified Seedlings+ Leisure Entertainment= Creative Green Scenario Model Room” mode, “Ecological Forestry+ Sports Health= Jungle Sports Health Park” mode, “Fruit Industry+ Kids’ Experience Activity= Fairy Tale Fruit Kingdom” mode, “Aquaculture+ Fishery Experience= Fishery Paradise” mode, “Traditional Craft+ Folk Scenery Experience= Ancient Scene Reappearing Paradise” mode. It is concluded that creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry should formulate rational construction and development plans, comprehensively enhance farmers’ sense of ownership, broaden the channels of funds and encourage diversified operations, create distinctive brand effect, strengthen brand marketing, extend the industrial chain, and improve the supporting facilities. In addition, we must strengthen the service system and build talent support to ensure the sustainable development of creative leisure sightseeing agriculture and forestry.

The reform of state-owned institutions in agriculture and rural systems is an important part of the reform of the party and state institutions. In order to systematically review the reform progress of the state-owned institutions in the national agricultural and rural systems, identify the key points of the reform, and provide reference for the formation of joint efforts in the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, this study analyzes the current situation of the reform of state-owned agricultural and rural institutions in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, provincial, prefecture-level, county-level and township agricultural and rural systems, explores the main difficulties in the reform, and puts forward suggestions for the reform of state-owned agriculture-related institutions at the county and township level.

To innovate the adjusting model of potato planting structure, improve planting benefits, and speed up the popularization and application of the potato variety ‘Xisen 6’ in China, variety demonstration tests were conducted in Tianshui and Dingxi of Gansu, and Wufeng, Xingshan, Badong Chazidian, Jianshi Longping, Lichuan, Tianchishan, Zhushan of Hubei, by taking local main varieties as control, to observe and verify the stability and adaptability of the comprehensive traits of ‘Xisen 6’. Compared with main local varieties, the tests showed that, except Dingxi, Xingshan and Zhushan had small yield increase (3.13%, 7.71%, and 6.91%, respectively), the remaining 6 test sites had significantly higher yield increase than the control, the yield increase in Tianchishan was 36.01%, in Badong was 48.37%, in Jianshi Longping was 34.39%, in Wufeng was 51.60%, in Lichuan was 28.66%, and in Tianshui was 28.63%. It is indicated that ‘Xisen 6’ has strong adaptability, can grow and mature normally in all test sites, and its yield is higher than that of main local varieties.

Planning layout is an important part of the development of modern agriculture, as well as the core content of the construction of Agricultural Modernization Demonstration Area (AMDA). In order to ensure the scientific and rational planning layout, this article embarks from the territorial space planning system development, and takes approaches of problem-orientation, mechanism-transmission, and industry functional layout based on analyzing existing problems in the planning layout of the AMDA. Some countermeasures and critical technical points in the AMDA planning layout are suggested, with verification based upon typical case analysis, in order to provide reference for the construction of AMDA. The study concludes that a scientific layout of AMDA is conducive to the optimization of spatial pattern and the optimal allocation of agricultural resources in space, and has important practical guidance for building regional spatial governance capacity as well as promoting regional agricultural modernization.

To screen effective and environmental-friendly fungicides for mulberry sorosis disease control, the control effects of different combination patterns of fungicides were evaluated by field tests. The results showed that the control effect investigated in full fruit period was over 93% by spraying fungicides 3-4 times during the initial flowering period, full bloom period and late flowering period in each control area (treatment 1 to treatment 4). The quality indexes such as the average number of fruits on a single branch, the healthy fruit rate and the total weight of fruits on a single branch were superior to that of the control (treatment 5). The amount of pesticide residue in mulberry fruit conformed to the national standard. It is suggested that the mulberry plantation should be closed with lime sulphur in autumn and winter, and the fungicide combination of 50% diazimide WDG 1500 times solution+ 50% isomicarbazide SC 1000 times solution+ 75% pentazolol WDG 3500 times solution should be applied in the appropriate period. Other control patterns could be used as alternative methods to avoid or slow down the emergence of resistance.

The paper aims to analyze the progress of agricultural science and technology innovation, adopting the scientometrics method based on the National Science and Technology Awards in the field of agriculture in 2001-2018. The result showed that the number of the Science and Technology Progress Awards accounted for more than 80% of the total number of awards, and the number of the Natural Science Awards and the Technology Innovation Awards increased on a yearly basis. The awards covered 13 first-class disciplines, and the number of awards related to crop science accounted for a predominant percentage of 23.25% of the total number of awards. With regard to the first authorship, the research organizations at the national level and colleges and universities accounted for 72.88% of all awards, and enterprises were still far from becoming the main body of technology innovation. Young and middle-aged groups won 63.16% of the awards, and only 17.74% of the awards were won by group under the age of 45. The study shows that greater incentives are still needed to encourage and support young talents to carry out innovative research.

In recent years, rice bacterial leaf streak disease has caused severe damage to rice production, and greatly affected the yield and quality of rice. To ensure the safe production of rice, it is important to use reasonable and appropriate control measures, breed and cultivate disease-resistant varieties and apply the varieties in production. This article summarizes research progress of the symptoms and causes of rice bacterial leaf streak disease and its integrated control techniques, the isolation and identification of rice bacterial leaf streak disease pathogen, the excavation and identification of disease-resistant materials, and the location and cloning of disease-resistant genes. It is believed that plant inspection and quarantine, proper fertilization and water control, and real-time field monitoring can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of rice bacterial leaf streak, while identifying disease-resistant rice varieties, and cloning and applying disease-resistant genes to breeding disease-resistant rice varieties can be the most powerful way to control the disease.

The application of photocatalytic degradation of organic pesticides to reduce the pollution of agricultural environment is a new research subject in the field of environment at present. In this paper, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation and the research progress of photocatalytic degradation of different kinds of pesticides (organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, carbamate pesticides and other pesticides) were summarized. The results showed that: organic pesticides could be effectively degraded under the combination effect of semiconductor nanoparticles and photocatalytic system. In this study, the authors put forward the application prospect of photocatalytic degradation of organic pesticides, and gave some suggestions and prospects for the defects of photocatalytic technology, so as to provide reference for further research on photocatalytic degradation of organic pesticides.

In order to clarify the impact of cotton straw returning on cotton plant growth and soil, the study summarized previous studies and found that cotton straw returning could promote cotton growth, improve cotton yield, ameliorate soil physical properties, increase the content of nutrient elements and organic matter in soil, raise the number of soil microorganisms, and promote the activities of soil bacteria and enzymes. In addition, there are still some problems in cotton straw returning, such as choosing more efficient ways, appropriate returning time, returning amount and preventing toxicity caused by returning. Finally, this study put forward corresponding suggestions for the existing problems in order to provide theoretical support for the efficient utilization of cotton straw and the green and sustainable development of cotton industry.

Leaf, as the material basis for constructing the rice organs, is closely related to the quality of the light environment and the utilization rate of light energy. The leaf area index (LAI) is an important indicator related to rice yield, and is significantly correlated with the light and effective radiation absorption coefficient in rice canopy. In this paper, we reviewed the relationship between the LAI in different growth periods of rice and the yield, and pointed out that the optimal LAI could be increased based on variety selection and cultivation measures, to achieve the high yield. The study could provide a theoretical basis for developing a predicting system of the optimal LAI and for regulating the rational canopy structure of rice.

The article studied the significance of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization and the implementation of a series of green ideas such as "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", analyzed the internal relationship between the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable development of the countryside, expounded the practice and experience of ecological civilization construction and rural green development of Fujian Province. The authors put forward some thoughts and countermeasures such as taking the four factors (production, ecology, life and life) as the main line, focusing on building a basic implementation system with the government as the leading factor, the village as the platform, and the farmers as the main body, strengthening the sustainable development of industry and the construction of ecological environment management system with public participation; the focuses of the specific countermeasures include guiding the development of rural ecological economy according to the situation, giving a full play to the diversified functions of agriculture, preventing the expansion of rural non-point source pollution, strengthening the publicity and popularization of rural ecological civilization, improving rural residential environment, ensuring green production with a clean environment, promoting the integration of ecology and industrialization, and exploring and establishing the coupling of protection and utilization.

The paper aims to clarify the spatial distribution, pattern characteristics and system structure of the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, explore its historical evolution and potential heritage value, and demonstrate the conditions for the declaration of China-NIAHS (National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems). We conducted the study by using remote sensing images and GIS technology to analyze and identify the spatial distribution and pattern characteristics of the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, in combination with field investigations, interviews and literature reading. The Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system is an outstanding representative of modern agriculture with characteristics of the Yunnan plateau. In its long process of evolution, a relatively complete set of pomegranate high-yield cultivation techniques has been formed, which is mainly reflected in: (1) Mengzi has a history of cultivating pomegranates for more than 700 years, with an area of more than 8666 hm², it is one of the eight main pomegranate producing areas in China and enjoys the reputation of ‘Hometown of Pomegranate in China’; (2) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has a ‘city and garden inter-embedding’ pattern on the landscape scale, with diversified cultivation modes, of which the traditional and ecological cultivation modes are the most valuable; (3) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has many high-quality germplasm resources, forming ecological agricultural products with local characteristics, the ‘Tianlvzi’ pomegranate is well-known at home and abroad; (4) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has important economic, ecological and cultural values. The Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has the basic conditions for applying for China-NIAHS, and the study could provide scientific decision-making reference for Mengzi to build a modern agricultural demonstration zone with Yunnan plateau characteristics and achieve high-quality and sustainable development of the Mengzi pomegranate industry.

The study explored the development trend of oilseed rape variety selection and breeding, aiming to provide reference for breeding direction of rape. This study was conducted by compiling information on 594 registered kale type winter oilseed rape varieties in China from 2017—2021 to comprehensively analyze the change patterns and correlations of relevant traits of registered varieties. The results showed that: the growth period of the registered varieties presented a shortening trend, with an average annual shortening of 2.3 days; the yield of the varieties had an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 60.90 kg/hm²; the main traits of plant height, thousand-seed weight and oil content showed an increasing trend with an average annual increase of 2.83 cm, 0.07% and 0.67%, respectively; the changes of the remaining traits were relatively stable. Correlation analysis showed that the growth period was highly significantly and positively correlated with the number of siliques per plant, seeds per silique, and yield; the yield was closely correlated with seeds per silique and thousand-seed weight; and the different synergistic effects among the remaining traits together constituted variety specificity, consistency and stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) screened out five principal components with a cumulative contribution of 71.44% to the overall variance, of which effective number of branches, the number of siliques per plant, seeds per silique, thousand-seed weight and erucic acid were the main factors responsible for the differences among these varieties. In general, the Brassicanapus varieties bred in recent years are more early maturing and have steadily improved yield and oil content. Future breeding objectives should focus on improving traits such as thousand-seed weight, seeds per silique and oil content.

The brand building of agricultural products is an important symbol of the construction of modern agriculture, which is conducive to promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and can provide a huge space for the development of regional agriculture and other industries. This study aims to fully discuss the research status of brand building of agricultural products in China by elaborating the role of branding of agricultural products and reviewing related studies. The study summarized the function of branding in improving the quality and competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, promoting the industrialization development of agricultural products and boosting the revitalization of rural industries. It also discussed the brand building of ‘three products and one indication’ agricultural products (pollution-free agricultural products, green food, organic agricultural products and geographical indication of agricultural products), the brand building of characteristic agricultural products, and the regional public brand building of agricultural products; and explored the regional characteristics and existing problems of agricultural products’ brand building. Suggestions were put forward targeting the existing problems in order to provide reference for brand building of agricultural products, agricultural revitalization through quality and rural revitalization.

Taking Qilian County, which is located in the heart of Qilian Mountain National Park, as an example, we randomly selected the floating population and fixed merchants, and adopted the questionnaire to investigate the local awareness of ecological conservation in Qilian Mountain National Park. The results show that: the respondents under 18 years old have relatively low awareness of ecological protection, but they still have a large space for education level improvement and their awareness-raising potential is high; the ecological protection awareness of the respondents from 46 to 60 years old is high, and the group has a relatively high level of educational background and policy knowledge; on the contrary, the respondents over 60 years old have poor ecological protection awareness, and their knowledge of ecological protection and related policy is relatively out of date. In conclusion, the ecological protection awareness is strengthened with the age and education level, and the level of education is the most significant factor affecting the awareness of ecological protection.

To explore the technology of green control of tobacco root knot nematode, in areas where root-knot nematode disease is frequent, chemical pesticides, biological pesticides and functional microbial agents are used to carry out comprehensive control research on tobacco root-knot nematode disease. After comparative analysis, the prevention and control measures with obvious disease prevention effect were screened. The rational application of bio-organic fertilizer, chemical pesticide, biopesticide and biofungicide can promote the growth of tobacco plants, improve the economic characteristics of tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves. Different treatments had a certain effect on the control of root-knot nematodes, and the prevention and control effect of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Thiazolphosphine content 10%+Biocontrol agent No. 6” was the best, and the prevention and control effect was 96.96%. The prevention and control effects of the two modes of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Purpureocillium lilacinum+Biocontrol agent No. 6” and “Bio-organic fertilizer+Thiazolphosphine content 10%” were similar, which were 85.43% and 84.11% respectively. Compared with other three treatments, the prevention and control effect of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Purpureocillium lilacinum” was poor,which was only 72.85%. The fertilization mode of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Thiazolphosphine content 10%+Biocontrol agent No. 6” can effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves, and has the best effect on the prevention and control of tobacco root knot nematode disease.

Under the background of promoting rural revitalization, according to the existing problems in the development of homestay, the research introduced the solution of cultural tourism industry operator - Living in Seclusion. Based on the symbiotic relationship, this paper refined the operation model with village collective cooperation, introducing investorsto realize value co-creation. Through the participation and cooperation of multiple subjects, the employment, income increase and the development of rural tourism of local villagers can be promoted, and the protection and publicity of rural culture will be realized. The comprehensive development of local agriculture, culture and tourism through the operation of homestay has laid a solid foundation for the deep integration of agriculture, culture and tourism industry, and provides theoretical basis and practical reference for rural revitalization.

In order to coordinate new urbanization and new rural construction, rural residents’income must be improved. Property income of rural residents in China increased rapidly in recent years, but it did not play a full role in rural residents’income increase. The purpose of this paper was to get some experience by combing domestic and foreign studies of rural residents’property income. Then the obstacles in increasing property income of Chinese rural residents were analyzed, insufficiencies of the study on rural residents’income were pointed out and the research approach of Chinese rural residents’property income was explored. It was concluded that property income could be studied from urban-rural perspective to find the income mechanism and implementation pattern. It plays an important role in promoting the balanced and coordinate development between urban and rural areas.

Mastering the status quo of non-point source pollution is a prerequisite to pollution prevention and control. In this study, we summarized the non-point source pollution in the planting industry of Weinan, and pointed out prominent problems, such as the high amount and lower efficiency of fertilizer application, the pollution of pesticide packaging, the persistence of residual mulch pollution and the comprehensive utilization of straw. Then, combined with the difficult points in control and prevention, we put forward countermeasures in terms of publicity and popularization, supervision strengthening, sound legal system, funding guarantee as well as research innovation and extension.