Driven by intensive planting and economic benefits, continuous cropping, planting a single crop in the field year after year, has become a common planting mode in China. Long-term continuous cropping has caused many problems, including serious pests and diseases, low yields, and deteriorating soil health. Crop rotation is one of the effective solutions to continuous cropping obstacles and plays a crucial role in the implementation of national strategies such as food security, ecological environment development, and rural revitalization. The paper expounded on the economic and ecological benefits of crop rotation compared with continuous cropping through literature review, and provided suggestions for developing China’s crop rotation based on the comparison of domestic and foreign crop rotation systems. The results show that compared with continuous cropping, crop rotation has higher economic and ecological benefits. Also, it is found that China’s current crop rotation system differs from foreign countries in terms of guidance, promotion mechanisms, subsidy methods, and regulatory measures, and there are still many problems in the development process of crop rotation in China. Combining with the experiences of foreign crop rotation, this paper proposes that we should formulate scientific crop rotation plans, develop crop rotation techniques (conservation tillage, cover crops, water-saving irrigation, and etc.), strengthen the promotion of crop rotation, accurately implement the crop rotation policy, and timely carry out reasonable evaluation and policy adjustments, which have a guiding significance for the large-scale development of crop rotation in China.

Phragmites australis is a typical perennial gramineous plant with superior reproductive capacity, This study was based on the summary of the ecological habit characteristics of P. australis, the effects of water and salt on the physiological morphology of P. australis were analyzed, and the ecological function of reed in coastal wetlands was clarified from the aspects of anti-wind and wave elimination, purification of water quality and adsorption of heavy metals. And the research progress of reed breeding technology was summarized, the aim is to provide scientific basis for making full use of the application of reed community in coastal wetland vegetation restoration and ecological construction.

The degradation of lake ecosystem due to pollution is a long- term problem faced by China. Therefore, the ecological restoration technology of lakes is very important. To explore the main direction of lake ecological restoration technology in the future, the existing lake ecological restoration technologies at home and abroad were comprehensively analyzed. The three most common and most problematic forms of degradation, such as lake eutrophication, lakeside degradation and reduced biodiversity, were summarized and discussed by analyzing the mechanisms and forms of lake ecosystem degradation. Different ecological restoration techniques were discussed for these three types of degradation, the principles and guidelines of ecological restoration were summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of different ecological restoration techniques were discussed. Finally, we put forward suggestions on the structure of the lake ecological restoration project and matters needing attention, which can provide a basis for the future ecological restoration of lakes.

In view of the shortage of water and heat resources in different ecological areas, and the frequent occurrence of wind disaster, lodging, low yield, poor quality and other problems in maize production, a new maize variety ‘MC278’ was bred by taking ‘Jing X005’ as female parent and ‘Jing 27’ as male parent. The inoculation tests of the variety in Jilin, Hebei and other places showed that it had strong resistance to small spot disease, Curvularia, dwarf mosaic, silk smut and stem rot, and was easy to infect large leaf spot, and it was moderately resistant to corn borer in Jilin. In the regional trials in Beijing, Inner Mongolia and other regions in different years, the kernel yield of ‘MC278’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Zhengdan 958’ (CK), the highest yield was 16166 kg/hm², and the average yield was increased by 8.3%. The content of crude protein, crude starch and lysine of ‘MC278’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Zhengdan 958’. In 2019, the production in Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other regions showed that the yield of ‘MC278’ was all more than 12804 kg/hm², and the maximum yield was 14283 kg/hm². ‘MC278’ was equipped with field management measures and harvest techniques, such as suitable sowing date, density and water and fertilizer management, and prevention and control measures of diseases and insect pests. The variety passed the national examination and approval in 2019 (National Approved Maize Variety No.20190030), and its planting area now includes 15 provincial regions, such as Anhui, Shanxi, Shandong and etc.

The grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi), considered as S. avenae (Fab.) in China, is one of the most widely distributed aphid species which needs chemical control annually in northern China at wheat grain filling stage. The spatial-temporal population dynamics of the grain aphid is affected by geographical area, meteorological factors, natural enemies, agricultural practices, biodiversity, and resistance characteristics of wheat varieties to aphid at different growth stages in field. In general years, the dynamics of aphid population develop with the wheat growing and temperature rise in field. The aphid number has sporadic occurrence at the jointing stage of wheat seedling and cluster occurrence at booting stage, increases rapidly after head sprouting, and reaches the peak at mid-late stage of grain filling, and decreases sharply at milking stage. The aphid spatial distribution pattern follows random distribution - contagious distribution - aggregated distribution (mosaic distribution) - uniform distribution - aggregated distribution (mosaic distribution)- disappearance. The wheat grain number is affected weakly by aphids before wheat head sprouting because the population of aphids is very small in field. But the 1000-grain weight is significantly affected by the aphid as its population increases rapidly during grain filling stage in field. In this paper, an ecological control strategy is proposed for grain aphid. We suggest that the dynamic control index of this pest should be established according to the resistance/tolerance characteristics of wheat varieties to aphid during different growth stages. The priority should be given to the biological control before wheat head sprouting, and the dynamic control index should be strict; the chemical control should be carried out after head sprouting, and the dynamic control index could be loosened. The utilization of plant protection UAV combined with artificial intelligence is also suggested to automatically discover the occurrence center of aphid and other pests/diseases, and to spray pesticides precisely on the occurrence center in wheat field simultaneously.

The traditional aquaculture pattern can easily cause water pollution and waste of water resources. In order to reach the goal of healthy aquaculture, pond recirculating aquaculture system (PRAS) takes measures to purify water by using power flow purification and bioremediation techniques under the guidance of circular economy, such as establishing artificial wetland to form a sustainable development model. In this study, we summarized the construction of the three main models of PRAS and their effects on water purification, and analyzed the main problems in the operation of the system. The existing studies showed that the average removal rates of TN, TP, NH4+-N, CODMn, and NO2--N were basically maintained at 60%. Besides, we analyzed the factors such as the ratio of purification area to pond area as well as the effects of the substrate, plant, pH and temperature in the purification unit. This study can provide a reference for further in-depth research on PRAS.

The purposes are to enrich the variety of comprehensive rice-fishery cultivation, make full use of paddy resources, expand market supply and provide an important basis for the steady development of rice fishery comprehensive farming industry in mountainous areas. The comparative analysis on ecological comprehensive rice-fishery cultivation of Allogynogenetic gibel carp ‘CAS Ⅲ’ and Cipangopaludina cahayensis was conducted in Wuyishan City. The results showed that after 139 days of cultivation, the total yield of ‘rice+crucian carp+snail’ model reached 9937.5 kg/hm², 7.72% higher than ‘rice+crucian carp’ model, but 7.67% lower than ‘rice+snail’ model. The total profit of ‘rice+crucian carp+snail’ was higher than that of ‘rice+crucian carp’ and ‘rice+snail’ model by 25.83% and 77.91% respectively; the comparative benefits of output-input ratio, cost profit and sales profit rate were significantly higher than those of the ‘rice+snail’ model. The ecological farming model of ‘rice+crucian carp+snail’ could effectively improve the comprehensive farming effect of paddy field, but it is also necessary to optimize the key technologies and the mixed proportion of aquatic animal stocking in order to further improve the comparative benefits of rice-fishery cultivation in paddy field.

Picking orchard is an important type of leisure agriculture. It has obvious advantages in reducing the circulation links of agricultural products, exploiting the marketing channels, building brands, integrating the primary, second and tertiary industry, and improving agricultural economic benefits. Taking Laoyou Ecological Farm in Yangzhong Town of Youxi County as an example, this paper analyzed the problems in the development of picking orchard, such as lack of overall planning, inadequate service concept, insufficient varieties for picking, fierce homogenization competition, high labor cost, as well as less fine management, brand building and marketing promotion. Based on the analysis, we put forward management suggestions, including accurate positioning of the picking orchard, adopting high standard green planting technology, improving service facilities, implementing functional zoning, using new media for marketing promotion, establishing brands and so on, in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional orchard and realize rural industry revitalization.

Yuanjiang dry-hot valley is a poorly vegetated and fragile arid ecosystem in low land. Although it was lushly forested before the middle of the 17^th century, it became a tropical montane savannah after the end of the 17^th century. This study focuses on the diversity and distribution patterns of plants in this representative xerophytic flora, aiming to explain the impact of main environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation and underground water supply on species and populations, so as to explore the adaptation of plants. Furthermore, dry-hot environment indications corresponding to species and species assemblage were considered. Therefore, alpha and beta indices were employed to cope with biodiversity differences in plant species and its environment, respectively. Selected indices were subscribed to the relationship among species, population size, and their living circumstances in terms of Species_estimated, Singletons, Uniques, ACE, ICE, and Chao2. The results show that: (1) alpha diversity is higher in the transects and plots closing to the river channel (< 25 m), and decreases away from the riverway; (2) beta diversity increases from upper to lower stream in L-transect (Bray-Curtis < 0.500), however, it is reversed in P-transect, the homoplasy is obvious (Bray-Curtis > 0.500); (3) in the lowland of dry-hot valley, indices of Species_estimated, Singletons, Uniques, ACE, ICE, and Chao2 are significantly high beside river especially in the tidal range, which indicates a strong reliance on water supply. Conclusively, species composition and distribution patterns in the lowland of Yuanjiang dry-hot valley are deeply affected by heterogenity of water and temperature allocation. Plant species and their diversity are closely correlated to the microhabitat along river channel, and this correlation could be an approach for environmental monitoring potentially.

To understand the development and application of meta-analysis in agroecology research and provide reference for relevant research, 718 valid literature was obtained with ‘meta’ as the keyword, and quantified by CiteSpace visualization software and Web of Science (WOS) literature analysis tool. The results show that the total number of international publications in agro-ecological meta-analysis has increased significantly. University of California, Davis (UC Davis), China Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Wageningen University have high international influence in the field of agro-ecological meta-analysis. The research topics of agroecology meta-analysis are diverse. The assessment of ecological and environmental effects of farmland management measures, land use change, climate change on biodiversity and greenhouse gases, the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen nutrient cycling, and the changes and interaction difference of different ecosystems are the main application fields at the present stage. As an important tool for agro-ecological research, meta-analysis provides a new way to verify hypotheses and develop new theories for large-scale comprehensive research, but it is still difficult to fully meet the needs of practical work by simple meta-analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis based on big data fusion, machine learning model algorithms and expert knowledge assessment will be the focus of future research.

The paper aims to analyze research progresses of soil enzymes in China and abroad, and summarize the role of soil enzymes in carbon and nitrogen cycle in agricultural ecosystem, in order to provide reference for agricultural production. Soil enzyme is a kind of protein that could catalyze biochemical reactions. It plays an active role in catalyzing non-exclusive organic substances, organic substances and certain mineral compounds into a variety of nutrient substances and some useful elements that could promote the growth of vegetation, and has an active effect on the development of agricultural ecosystem. At present, soil enzymes have been used as important indicators of soil carbon and nitrogen cycle, and the process of nutrient cycle in soil could be reflected by the change of enzyme activities.

To sort out the application research of ecological value assessment by using the choice experiment method in China, 59 related documents are analyzed. The results show that the domestic research on ecological value assessment can be roughly divided into the research on the ecological value of scenic spots and the study of regional value. The tourism cost in the study of ecological value of scenic spots is 265.51-1381.38 per visit, and the estimated value by ticket is 7.78-127.12 yuan per visit; the regional ecological value is mainly paid by personal willingness and family willingness, among which, the environmental value of individual willingness payment is 23.77-1066.99 yuan per year, while the household willingness payment is 21.77-769.42 yuan per year. The results show that the ecological value calculated by travel cost is higher in scenic spots valuation study, and the value measured by individual willingness payment is more different in the estimation of regional ecological value. Therefore, attention should be paid to the difference between different accounting methods.

The problem of land resource ecology security has become one of the hot topics in the field of sustainable utilization of land resource now. Based on the summary of concept and features of ecological security, the authors expounded the connotation, driven factors, framework and methods of land resource ecological security. The land resource ecological security mainly included two aspects, which were (1) land ecological system structure and function in healthy and balanced status; (2) providing stable, balanced and adequate supply for human society sustainable development. The achievement of land resource ecological security required the coordinated promotion and development of nature, economy and society, the impact of economy and society factors on land resource is far more than that of nature. On the assessment framework, the authors summarized the source and application of four kinds of assessment frameworks, which were the PSR framework system, the DPSIR framework system, the DPSER framework system and the framework system of “nature-economy-society”. About the evaluation method, the authors compared the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of methods respectively. They were the method of mathematical model, ecological model, landscape ecological model and digital terrain model. At the same time, some new evaluation methods about the ecological security of land resource in recent years were put forward. At last, a prospect for the developing trend of ecological security of land resource was proposed: (1) based on ecological function zoning, the assessment indicator system of land resource ecological security which reflected pertinence and otherness should be established, the best threshold value of ecological security should be confirmed; (2) more researches on land resource ecology security and dynamic early warning of the typical areas, such as arid area, sand area, karst region, water and soil loss region, alpine plateau area and so on should be developed; (3) the evaluation method should be better combined with geographic information technology; (4) in order to control the ecological security of land resource better and realize the sustainable use of land resource, new evaluation method should be explored. Only in this way, it can ensure sustainable utilization of land resource.

Pig breeding wastewater has the characteristics of complex components and limited treatment capacity. Therefore, bio-ecological technology becomes the key and basic technology for treatment of breeding wastewater from small pig farms. In this study, based on the dry feces process popularized at present, a bio-ecological technology-based combined system with source separation, oxidation pond, three-dimensional bio-filter and constructed wetlands was designed for a small pig farm in Jiangxi Province, and the effect of the system was evaluated. Our results indicated that this system had a high rate of contaminant removal efficiency, and could meet the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001).

Production of plant secondary metabolite is the result of long-term interaction between plants and environment, and the alkaloid plays an important role in the process of growth and development of plants as one of the secondary metabolites with higher medicinal value. This paper summarizes the eco-physiological function of alkaloid in terms of regulating of plant growth, responding to environmental stress and defending plant diseases and insect pests, as well as the ecological factors and genetic factors that affecting the formation of alkaloids in plants, and further discusses the interaction between plants and environment. It may provide new approaches for completely and deeply comprehending correlations between plants and environment, and producing high quality traditional Chinese medicine.

To systematically understand the carbon dynamics of farmland ecosystem in arid area and its response to climate change, the authors simulated the spatio-temporal changes of net primary productivity (NPP) of farmland ecosystem in Xinjiang during 1979-2009 by using a new process-based dynamic global vegetation model (Agro-IBIS), and revealed the response of farmland NPP to the changes of different climatic factors and CO2 concentration through the correlation analysis. The results showed that: the average NPP of farmland in Xinjiang was 723.78 g C/(m2·a), while the average total carbon storage was 237.15 Tg C, the average annual net exchange of carbon in agroecosystem (NEE) was -63.36 g C/(m2·a), overall playing as carbon sink during 1979-2009. In terms of the spatial variation of farmland NPP in Xinjiang, the overall change showed a gradual increasing trend except for a slight decrease of NPP in oasis farmland of the Tianshan Mountains. In past 31 years, the correlation between total annual NPP and the average annual temperature was higher than that between it and the average annual precipitation in Xinjiang farmland, indicating that irrigation had much more effects than natural precipitation on oasis agricultural productivity in arid areas of Xinjiang. It was verified that the results of Agro-IBIS model were reasonable in simulation of the carbon budget of farmland ecosystem in Xinjiang, which could provide scientific basis for the simulation and prediction of potential carbon sequestration of farmland ecosystem in the arid area of northwestern China and the scientific formulation of regional carbon management policies.

Based on the perspective of ecological civilization, using the way of survey, questionnaire, home interview and so on to analyze the current situation and dilemma of development of rural leisure fishery at village A in South Fujian. Briefly introduce favorable base in aspect of nature and society as well as the effective measures which is taken to promote the development of the local leisure fishery, summarizing the innovative ideas and problems of local development. And then raise some feasible countermeasures and suggestions to face new environment, needs and achieve the goal of wealthy and beautiful villages, such as expanding the channels of development in order to improve village income, strengthening investment to promote projects, raising awareness of

This study focuses on the ecological habits of four species of owls in Wucheng of Shanxi in order to accumulate the ecological base material of owls in this area. The study used the line transect method to record the migration time, collect data about the characteristics of habitat, nests and eggs. The study also analyzed thediets with food content analysis method. The results showed that the migration characteristics among Otusscops, Asio otus and Asio flammeus were similar in different years, the duration of northward migration was short but the interval was long and the duration of southward migration was long but the interval was short. There were differences between Otus scops and Athene noctua in the nest-site selection and breeding behavior. The propagating success rate of Athene noctua, whose nest-site was near the residential area, was higher. The main diets of four species of owls were small mammals and birds; meanwhile, they also fed on a few insects, somelivestock and fowls. The overlap of needs between different species may increase the competition. Owls are worth the attention and need to be protected because of their important role in the ecosystem and their low population quantity.

The Ecological Conservation Area (ECA) of Beijing is not only an important protective screen for the ecological safety of Beijing, but a significant foundation for local social-economic development. Its development requires balancing the relationship of ecological protection and economic development. Miyun District, located in the northeast of Beijing as an ECA, was taken for case study. In this study, farmers’ income data change from 2006 to 2018 was analyzed, and indicators of agroforestry water expenditure, the regional GDP, cultivated land area, etc., were selected to construct the evaluating system for correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, aiming to explore the indicators’ impacts on farmers’ income. The results showed that the per capita income of farmers had an upward trend and was positively correlated with five indicators such as agroforestry water expenditure and regional GDP, and was negatively correlated with total agricultural machinery power consumption and other indicators. To promote the coordinated development of ecological economy in ecological conservation areas, the study puts forward some adaptive income increasing strategies, such as strengthening the infrastructure construction, increasing the investment in human capital, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading and improving the ecological compensation mechanism.

The purpose is to provide theoretical reference and data support for optimizing the allocation of land resources and promoting the sustainable development of regional ecology, society and economy. Based on the construction of the evaluation index system of land use benefit, using the models of coupling coordination degree, relative development degree and obstacle degree, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and major influencing factors of the coupling coordination degree of land use ecology-society-economy system in 17 cities of the Shandong Province were explored. The results are as follows. Land use ecology-society-economy system of Shandong was in the primary coordination state of running-in stage and showed a continuous rising trend in 2008-2017. The coupling coordination degree increased steadily from 0.54 to 0.70, and its annual average was 0.63. The equilibrium level of coupling coordination degree among cities was gradually improved in 2008-2017. Its variation coefficient of coupling coordination degree decreased from 0.126 to 0.072, but the coupling coordination degree of land use ecology-society-economy system in different cities still showed an obvious gradient distribution difference from the east to the west of the province. There was a significant difference in the relative development degree among the ecological, social and economic subsystems of land use in different cities. The southern sides of central Shandong and its northern area, together with Weihai City, had constituted an obvious half-circle ecological lag region by 2017. Social and economic barriers affecting the coupling coordinated development of land use ecology, society and economy were dominant throughout, but the ecological impact increased since 2013. During the study period, the coupling coordination level of land use ecology-society-economy system in different cities in Shandong was continuously improved, but the differences among different regions were still obvious, and there was still more space for improvement. Therefore, it is suggested that different cities should consider the main obstacle factors of their own and implement differentiated development strategies according to local conditions.

Based on historical meteorological observation data, satellite remote sensing image data, and the influence of altitude and terrain differences, we used ArcGIS spatial analysis to study the basic situation of climate resources and risk division of major meteorological disasters of ecological conservation area in western Beijing, comprehensively evaluated its climate carrying capacity of climate resources, aiming to provide meteorological references for constructing ecological conservation area, optimizing the protection of resources, and developing ecological tourism. The results show that: (1) in the western Beijing ecological conservation area, the probability of severe cold and extreme heat is relatively low, mountain areas are more suitable for summer tourism; (2) the overall cumulative rainfall is moderate, rain-induced disasters are relatively few, and the habitability is good; (3) ecological conservation area has great potential for climate production and high potential and value for the development of ecological agricultural resources; (4) most of the time in summer, the human body feels comfortable, the whole year travel comfortable period is long, and the area has advantages of climate conditions for leisure, summer, and ecological tourism; (5) the high temperature disaster risk is relatively low, and the area is suitable for building a livable and touring resort, truly practicing the concept of “green mountains is golden mountains” and creating regional economic value; (6) the risk level of waterlogging in the eastern plain is relatively high, so precautions should be taken in advance to avoid the risk in time; the risk level of debris flow is high in deep mountains of central and western areas, so the prevention and control should be strengthened and the hidden risks should be investigated ahead of time to mitigate the disasters in a scientific way.

Spermophilus dauricus is a common species of wild rodents in China, which mainly inhabits prairie, forest, meadow and farmland habitats with the characteristics of mall size, big population, strong adaptability and wide distributions. S. dauricus is the most important vector of plague bacillus and harmful for crops, forests and pasture. This paper made a general review on taxonomic status, morphological features, all ecological aspects, experimental animal development and its pest control. Possible research directions and research gaps were proposed to provide reference for the effective monitoring, control and management in future.

Cadmium is one of the most important toxicity elements and it can transfer easily in soil and from soil to plant. Calcium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and it plays an important role in plant growth and signal transduction.[Objective][Method] In order to understand more clearly the ecological effects of cadmium-calcium interactions on plants, explore the interaction mechanism of Cd and Ca coexistence and make the best of the relationship between the Cd and Ca, it is possible to provide scientific foundation for preventing and controlling heavy metals contamination.[Result]This paper reviewed the ecological effects of cadmium-calcium interactions on plants, including: (1) In the process of plant uptake, cadmium and calcium were antagonistic relationship. On the one hand, Cd could inhibit the absorption of Ca by plants to limit the growth of plants; On the other hand, Ca could inhibit the absorption of Cd by plants to relieve cadmium toxicity. (2)The application of exogenous Ca could promote the growth of photosynthetic pigments and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments under Cd toxicity. (3) In the process of regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the application of exogenous Ca could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities to reduce oxidative damage.[Conclusion]Thus, the effects of cadmium and calcium on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities were antagonistic.

Agro-ecosystem service value is related to people’s welfare and lays a solid foundation for the rural ecological revitalization. The research on the agro-ecosystem service value assessment is to provide a basis for strengthening the protection of agro-ecological environment. Taking agro-ecosystem service value of Sichuan Province as a research object, this paper calculated the coefficient of social development stage by combining Peal growth curve model and Engel coefficient based on the equivalent factor method of unit area value, and calculated the value of agro-ecosystem service of Sichuan from 2000 to 2017. The results showed: (1) the agricultural land in Sichuan was dominated by forest land and grass land from 2000 to 2017, the change of agricultural land showed that the area of cultivated land, grass land and water decreased, while the area of garden land and forest land increased; (2) the value of agro-ecosystem service changed significantly from 2000 to 2017 in Sichuan with an increase of 2.79 times, of which the increment of ecological service value of forest land accounted for 73.64% of the total increment; (3) each agro-ecosystem service value sorting remained unchanged from 2000 to 2017 in Sichuan, the values of soil conservation, hydrological regulation and biodiversity maintenance were obviously higher than other functions, accounting for nearly 50% of the total value. By calculating the coefficient of social development stage, the theoretical evaluation value of agro-ecosystem service value was modified, so that the evaluation result can better reflect agro-ecosystem service value in different social development stages.

Under the idea of green development, to improve the coordination between economic benefits and environmental pollution arising from the energy utilization is the key to realize the regional sustainable development. The panel data in Shaanxi from 2006 to 2015 was used, the temporal changes and spatial differences of energy eco-efficiency in cities were studied by the SBM-TOBIT model, after this, the factors affecting the energy eco-efficiency were discussed. The results showed that: Shaanxi energy eco-efficiency presented a“U”evolution trend, it had a downward trend from 2006 to 2009, and increased after 2010, and the difference in efficiency between cities decreased. Energy eco-efficiency of Xi’an, Yan’an and Hanzhong reached above 1.0, and the resource utilization was relatively high and effective, which reached the green state of development; while that of Ankang, Weinan and Shangluo was relatively low, less than 0.6, there was an over-investment in all factors and a low utilization rate ofesources. The TOBIT model analysis of energy ecoefficiency in Shaanxi demonstrates that the degree of opening to the outside world and the improvement of economic development could promote the energy eco-efficiency, and the correlation is positive; the increase of energy consumption and government intervention could cause the decline of energy eco-efficiency in different degrees, and the correlation is negative. Key words: SBM model; energy eco

To explore the response mechanism of soil microecology to rice-rapeseed system annual tillage patterns, a rice-rapeseed rotation experiment was conducted on the long-term no-tillage direct seeding soil of Dongting Lake area of north Hunan. The differences of soil enzyme activity, microorganism quantity, diversity and microbial community function between the double no-tillage direct seeding (DNT) and double rotary-tillage transplantation (DT) were compared to illustrate the effects of different tillage patterns on soil microecology. The metagenomic sequencing showed that there were similar bacterial types under the two patterns, the bacterial diversity was higher under DNT, but the fungal diversity under DT was higher. Function analysis illustrated that the relative abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic prokaryotes was higher in DNT; the relative abundance of prokaryotes related to nitrogen metabolism was higher in DNT, while the relative abundance of prokaryotes related to carbon metabolism was higher in DT. The number of culturable bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria in DNT soil was significantly lower than that in DT, while the number of ammonifying bacteria was significantly increased. Enzyme activity analysis showed that urease activity of DNT was 58.12% higher than that of DT, while the activities of invertase, phosphatase and cellulase decreased by 28.57%, 11.00% and 57.73%, respectively. The results indicated that the DNT rice-rapeseed rotation system was beneficial to improve the bacteria diversity, and the relative abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic prokaryotes, and was conductive to the transformation and utilization of nitrogen in the soil. The study provides a basis for the selection of reasonable tillage patterns of rice-rapeseed system in Dongting Lake area.

It is an important way to realize green development of agriculture in Sichuan hilly areas by selecting a reasonable ecological circular agriculture model according to local climate resources and agricultural types and carrying out nutrient balance management. This paper took Pengxi County of Sichuan as an example to conduct the empirical analysis, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of ecological circular agriculture in the hilly areas of eastern Sichuan. The results show that, based on the target yields and target nitrogen (N) application rates of crops and orchards, the application amount of organic fertilizer (biogas slurry) is calculated. The livestock and poultry manure and biogas slurry, which are produced in the project area, could be recycled within the crop fields and orchards, and the replacement rate of chemical fertilizer N could reach 31%-62%. Based on the calculation of the manure and organic fertilizer replacement in crop fields and orchards, the carrying capacity of livestock in the project area still has a certain potential. The model combines the local leading and advantageous agricultural industries, uses local planting and breeding wastes scientifically and rationally, and reduces the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution. Finally, the analysis of the management mechanism and development path of ecological circular agriculture in this study could provide an example for the development of circular agriculture in the hilly areas of eastern Sichuan.

To alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and local sustainable development, this paper took the Qingyazhai Nature Reserve in Hebei Province as an example, used questionnaires and conditional value assessment method to analyze the willingness of local farmers to accept ecological compensation and their livelihood capital. The results showed that the average expected value of ecological compensation willingness of farmers in the reserve was 4148 yuan/hm². The main form of compensation for farmers was cash compensation, followed by policy compensation and in-kind compensation, with the lowest demand on technical compensation. The highest compensation demands by farmers were preferential policies for farmers and the improvement of the social security system. Among the in-kind compensation, farmers’ demand for grain and organic fertilizers ranked the first, and the demand for environmental pesticides ranked the second. In terms of technical compensation, there was a high demand for fruit and vegetable planting technology, agricultural planting technology and agricultural product processing technology. The natural capital of the reserve was 0.1812, the human capital was 0.4431, the physical capital was 0.1638, the financial capital was 0.4165, and the social capital was 0.2998. The overall development of livelihood capital was unbalanced, showing vulnerability, and the livelihood capital of farmers with different compensation willingness was different. This research is of significance for the formulation of ecological compensation policies in the study area and the construction of reasonable ecological compensation mechanisms.

Innovate precise poverty alleviation work has risen to national strategy under the new normal. It is important to explore the co-existence mode of the “Green water, Green hill” and “Golden hill, Silver hill”, particularly to the poverty alleviation in western China with fragile ecology. The new combination mode of “ecological poverty alleviation” and “economic poverty alleviation” was discussed by taking the industry development of psammophyte Cerasus humilis as an example. The biggest characteristic of C. humilis is strong resistance, and significant ecological function. On the other hand, economic benefit of C. humilis is remarkable attribute to its higher comprehensive utilization of fruit, kernel, leaf, root and flower. C. humilis industry relates to food, health care products, cosmetics, medicine, tourism and other fields. Deep excavation of comprehensive value and industry development of C. humilis, is not only the growing enlarged health needs of people, but also the needs of poverty alleviation and sand industry development. The paper suggests that the “economic poverty alleviation” guided by “ecological poverty alleviation”, is the essence of precise poverty alleviation.

To understand the effects of rice-crayfish ecological planting and breeding on the yield and quality of fine palatable japonica rice in Taihu Lake region, and provide reference for the decision-making of rice-crayfish ecological planting and breeding, five rice varieties (lines) with good taste and two planting densities were selected to analyze the characteristics of rice yield and quality formation under different modes of rice-crayfish ecological planting and breeding and traditional rice cultivation. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were significantly improved in rice-crayfish ecosystem compared with that of traditional field cultivation. The number of effective panicles increased significantly, but panicle formation rate, grain number per spike, seed setting rate, 1000 grain weight and yield decreased significantly. The chalkiness trait was significantly improved by the ecological planting and breeding, the contents of protein and amylose significantly were increased, as well as the disintegration value and gelatinization temperature, and the subtracting value was decreased. Reducing planting density could improve rice quality. There were differences among the varieties, and some related traits of rice quality were significantly affected by the interaction between planting patterns and varieties. In general, rice varieties with fine palatable quality is suitable for the long term rice-crayfish ecological planting and breeding, and proper reduction of nitrogen and planting density could ensure safe and stable production and achieve better taste quality.

The article studied the significance of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization and the implementation of a series of green ideas such as "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", analyzed the internal relationship between the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable development of the countryside, expounded the practice and experience of ecological civilization construction and rural green development of Fujian Province. The authors put forward some thoughts and countermeasures such as taking the four factors (production, ecology, life and life) as the main line, focusing on building a basic implementation system with the government as the leading factor, the village as the platform, and the farmers as the main body, strengthening the sustainable development of industry and the construction of ecological environment management system with public participation; the focuses of the specific countermeasures include guiding the development of rural ecological economy according to the situation, giving a full play to the diversified functions of agriculture, preventing the expansion of rural non-point source pollution, strengthening the publicity and popularization of rural ecological civilization, improving rural residential environment, ensuring green production with a clean environment, promoting the integration of ecology and industrialization, and exploring and establishing the coupling of protection and utilization.

In order to fully explore and utilize the functional active substances of the green peel of different ecological banana varieties, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to quantitatively analyze main phenolic acids in the green peel of various banana varieties. Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) was used, gradient elution was conducted with methanol (A)-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (B), flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, injection volume of 5 μL, column temperature of 35℃. Under the negative ion scanning mode and the multi-reaction monitoring mode, the electrospray ionization source was detected. The separation effect of seven phenolic acids (gallic acid, quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and rutin) was good, and the mass scores showed good linear correlation in the range of 1-200, 1-2000, 1-200, 1-200, 1-200, 2-200, and 1-500 μg/L (r²>0.9992), respectively, the average recovery (n=6) was 84.37%-92.17%, and RSD≤10.96%. The established UPLC-MS/MS method had the characteristics of accuracy, sensitivity, rapidity and good repeatability, and could be used for the simultaneous determination of the content of the seven phenolic acids in green banana peel. The content of main phenolic acids in the green peel of different ecological banana varieties was significantly different. The phenolic acid content in green peel of non-dessert bananas was significantly higher than that of dessert bananas, and the phenolic acid content in green peel of non-dessert banana ‘Pahang’ was the highest, which was 2.12 mg/g.

Agricultural ecological environment conservation is a major strategic mission for the sustainable development of China’s agriculture and rural areas at the present stage. In order to implement Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization as well as the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, improve the conservation and management of ecological environment of agriculture and rural areas, build ecologically livable new countryside, and promote agricultural green development and rural revitalization, on November 21st, 2019, the 6th China Modern Agriculture Development Forum was held successfully by China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, together with Rural Energy and Environment Agency of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, and China Agricultural University, to discuss issues on approaches of agricultural green development, exploration and utilization of biomass energy and conservation of agro-ecological environment, thus to make expert recommendations on ecological civilization of agriculture and rural areas.

In order to further enrich the urban landscape plant varieties and actively use the local wild ornamental plant resources in KunShan, 60 species of the wild ornamental plants in Kunshan Ecological Forest Park were selected as the research object. An exploitation priority evaluation model consisting of ornamental coefficient, endangered coefficient, breeding coefficient, resistance coefficient, volume coefficient and habitat suitability coefficient was constructed. The exploitation priority of the 60 species of wild ornamental plants was determined by assigning different weights for the above 6 coefficients. The evaluation results showed that 15 species including Lagopsis supina, Leonurus artemisia, etc. were classified into the first level and was the best for popularization and application. 6 species including Portulaca oleracea, Dendranthema indicum, etc. were classified into the second level, and should also be applied in park and garden construction. The other 39 species which belonged to the third and fourth level did not have great value for popularization and application. The comprehensive evaluation provides a reference for landscape exploitation and application of wild ornamental plants in Kunshan.

Based on the related data of the Minqin Meteorological Administration, the Water Affairs Bureau, the Forestry Administration and field investigation, the ecology of Minqin oasis were analyzed since the comprehensive treatment of the Shiyang River Basin. The results show that: (1) the dust weather and atmospheric dust-fall decreased obviously; (2) the moving velocity of sand dunes tend to be gentle, advance and retreat speed of the desert decreases, most of the sand dunes and deserts on the edge of the oasis have been effectively controlled; (3) the surface water quantity is increasing annually, the amount of groundwater exploitation and the decline rate of groundwater level decreases obviously, the groundwater level of the key governance area has a certain recovery; (4) the artificial afforestation and the sand pressing area are increasing annually, the vegetation coverage and the forest coverage rate are improved obviously. The ecological deterioration trend of Minqin oasis has been curbed after the comprehensive treatment, and partial region are improved and restored. The comprehensive treatment of Shiyang River Basin achieved remarkable results.

In order to better evaluate the health of the wetland ecosystem in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, according to its characteristics and the connotation of wetland ecosystem health, we used the Euclidean distance theory and selected 13 indicators from four aspects of water, soil, biology and society, to construct the assessment system of the wetland ecosystem and evaluate the ecosystem health. Then, we analyzed the existing problems of the reserve based on the index diagnosis method. The results showed that the ecosystem health index (A value) was 0.656. The water guarantee rate, soil pH, dynamic balance of plant community, dynamic balance of animal community, population density, ratio of water extraction to water storage, ratio of wetland output value to input capital contributed positively to A value. The contribution of soil available phosphorus, wetland capital input capacity and supply function type to A value was negative. The evaluation method adopted by this study on wetland ecosystem health based on Euclidean distance could accurately reflect the ecosystem health, the existing problems were analyzed, and some suggestions on further improvement of the natural reserve were put forward.

Based on disciplines development analysis in universities, this study provides relevant suggestions for the submission of academic papers on the subject, with a view to providing reference for the promotion of ESI disciplines in China’s universities. Taking the ‘environment/ecology’ of Qingdao University of Science and Technology as an example, statistical comparisons were made from ESI and InCites databases data on distribution trends, journal distribution, faculty contribution, and cooperation using quantitative analysis. At the same time, on the basis of clarifying the current status of the disciplines, the journals of ‘environment/ecology’ were combed. The paper proposes suggestions on developing ‘environment/ecology’ discipline, including optimizing selected contributing journals, increasing output of high-quality articles, enhancing cooperation with international first-class universities and research institutions, regulating agency signature, and promoting academic exchange and influence with institutional repository.

Green, ecological, safe and high quality tobacco development route is the only way to improve the core competitiveness of Chinese tobacco. A lot of research included fertilization and insect pest control has been done on the production of green ecological tobacco. However, there are fewer systematic studies on the production of green ecological tobacco. Aim at the present situation of the production of green tobacco, this paper mainly summarized the progress of four key links in the production of green ecological tobacco, including the layout of environmental advantages, organic fertilizer use, green prevention and control and cleaner production measures. The technical characteristics of four key links in the production of green ecological tobacco were analyzed and the existing problems were raised, moreover, the prospect of future development is put forward. The aim is to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of green ecological tobacco.

Evaluation of eco- environmental sensitivity is the precondition of ecological function regionalization, Sis also important means to judge the stability of ecosystem.Which is the important measures to carry out the concept of scientific development and the ecological civilization concept , to speed up the implementation of the planning of main functional area andSbuild national ecological security barrier .The method has great significances to promote sustainable development of longnan city and safeguard national ecological security.According to the basic characteristics of longnan mountain ecosystems,this paper use GIS technology and individually and synthetically evaluate to the ecological sensitivity of land in Longnan city frome the three aspects: soil erosion, rocky desertification and geological disaster. And use trend the surface-method to analyze comprehensive evaluation results.The results showed(1)The regional difference of land ecological sensitivity in Longnan city is obvious, the east is higher than west in the east-west direction,decreasing trend on the whole and present a more obvious "n" word in latitudinal direction, slightly higher than the north in the south；(2)Using natural breakpoint method, Longnan’s eco- environmental sensitivity can be divided into five areas: extremely sensitive area, high sensitive area, medium sensitive area, low sensitive area and insensitive area,accounting for 19.18%, 24.61%, 25.71%,16.88% and 13.61%, respectively;The extremely sensitive area and high sensitive area are mainly distributed in in the surrounding areas of tanchang County and Wudu district, the ecological sensitivity of these ears is extremely strong and need to strengthen the protection and the development intensity is low-intensity developed; The low sensitive and insensitive regions are mainly distributed in most areas such as Li county, Xihe county, Hui county and Cheng county which can be developed advisably.

Ttwelve early, middle and late apple varieties including‘Huashuo’were introduced into Tibet Plateau, and were used as material; 2012-2016, Researched growth habits, economic traits, disease resistance and other indicators for 12 new apple varieties, and explored the ecological suitability of different varieties, in order to find out to adapt to the climate of Tibet plateau excellent early 、middle and late apple variety. The results showed that the ‘Huashuo’ ‘Regal Gala’ ‘Red General’ ‘Yuhuazaofu’ ‘Ryoka’ and ‘Wangxianghong’ 6 varieties cultivated in Linzhi region have strong adaptability, early fruit, high yield, good fruit, bright color, good quality, the price was higher, with excellent comprehensive characters early, middle and late maturing varieties, they were suitable for promotion and development in the region of Tibet plateau.