To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

The formation mechanism and functional characteristics of protein-polysaccharide complex products have become one of the research focuses in the field of agricultural product processing. The mechanism, influencing factors, and functional properties of protein-polysaccharide complexes were explored. When proteins are mixed into a solution containing polysaccharides, two characteristic substances meet and produce electrostatic attraction or electrostatic repulsion, thereby forming a complex or discrete solution; the influencing factors of the interaction between the two include their own properties such as chemical composition and molecular arrangement, pH, the ratio of the two concentrations and other external conditions, as well as the treatment processes such as pressure, pressure reduction, and stirring speed. Protein-polysaccharide complexes have rheological properties, fat substitutes, gas-liquid or liquid-liquid two-phase interfaces, can partially or completely replace fat or prepare edible films and coatings, etc. This article provides a reference for the in-depth research and development of protein-polysaccharide complexes.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

The research on the biological activities of chemical components and applications of Angelica dahurica by consulting relevant literature were reviewed. The main chemical components of Angelica dahurica include coumarins, volatile oils, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and others. These bioactive compounds exhibit various effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, with multiple potential therapeutic targets. The mechanisms of action may be related to the regulation of vascular active substances, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in the body. Angelica dahurica can be combined with other traditional Chinese medicines for topical treatment of skin diseases, administered orally or externally to alleviate various types of pain and inflammation. It effectively dilates arterial blood vessels, promotes blood circulation, and regulates blood viscosity, thereby providing therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular diseases. This article provides a reference for the further study of the biological activity of Angelica dahurica.

The strip intercropping model of soybean and corn can fully utilize the edge row advantage and reasonably coordinate the needs of soybean and corn plants for light, fertilizer, and water. The practice of strip intercropping of soybean and corn in Northern Anhui Province was combined, and its high yield cultivation techniques and promotion effects were summarized. High yield cultivation techniques include selecting suitable soybean and corn varieties; reduce plant spacing, ensure density, and choosing soybean corn planting model of 4:2 or 6:4; adopt fungicides, insecticides, etc. for seed coating treatment, and adhere to the “four suitable” sowing methods of suitable period, suitable soil moisture, suitable depth, and suitable formula; applying sufficient basal fertilizer and applying topdressing at the appropriate time; timely check and supplement seedlings, adopting the weed control method of “closed weeding+spraying on stems and leaves after seedlings”, and paying attention to isolation measures; adopting integrated agricultural, physical, biological, and chemical control techniques for disease and pest prevention and control; timely chemical control to prevent plant lodging; after soybeans and corn mature, appropriate machinery is used for harvesting. The research area was promoted the applied this model from 2022 to 2024, achieving the goal of “basically no reduction in corn production and one additional season of beans”. This article provides a reference for promoting the strip intercropping model of soybean and corn in Northern Anhui Province and related areas.

An overview of traditional and modern breeding techniques currently used for vegetable crops was provided. Traditional breeding includes extensive hybridization, inbreeding, etc. Although it can improve crop traits, it has limitations such as low efficiency and high cost. The introduction of modern breeding techniques such as mutagenesis and genome editing can effectively improve breeding efficiency and accuracy; the progress of genome sequencing and functional genomics has provided the possibility for a profound understanding of vegetable genomes and promoted precise improvement of traits; molecular marker technology and transgenic technology have also provided new means to improve vegetable yield, quality, and stress tolerance. By using these technologies for vegetable crop breeding, the adaptability and economic value of crops can be enhanced, ensuring food safety and nutritional requirements. In the future, we will continue to explore the potential of genome assisted breeding and apply technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to vegetable breeding, providing references for the development of high-yield, disease resistant, and stress tolerant vegetable varieties.

To improve the yield of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and promote the high-quality development of Camellia oleifera industry. Based on the reconstruction practice of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera, three key techniques of care and reform, grafting and crown change, and renewal and transformation were summarized, which were suitable for the reconstruction of different types of low-yield forest Camellia oleifera. In terms of nurturing and transformation technology, it include reasonable control of density through thinning, pruning, and replanting, scientific pruning, removal of weak and excessively long branches, selection of deep excavation methods based on forest conditions, reasonable fertilization, bee pollination, and timely harvesting according to local climate conditions and planting varieties; the techniques of grafting and crown change include selection of appropriate grafting time and spike, tight grafting dressing and moisture after grafting, etc. There are two kinds of regeneration technology: dry cutting regeneration and afforestation regeneration, dry cutting regeneration is to cut off the main stem of the old and weak Camellia oleifera tree at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ground, keeping the cutting edge flat; afforestation regeneration includes land preparation, good seed and seedling strengthening, planting management and tending management. This article provides technical references for the reconstruction of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and related forest.

As an abiotic stress factor, UV-B radiation significantly impacts plant morphological development, physiological and biochemical processes, and molecular mechanisms. This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of UV-B radiation on plant morphology (e.g., inhibition of stem elongation, reduction in leaf area, and alteration of root-to-shoot ratio), as well as its direct or indirect damage to cell membrane stability, osmotic regulation substances (e.g., soluble sugars, proline), antioxidant defense systems (enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, APX, and non-enzymatic antioxidants), and photosynthetic systems. Plants enhance their adaptability to UV-B stress through molecular mechanisms such as synthesizing secondary metabolites like flavonoids and anthocyanins, activating the UVR8-mediated signaling pathway, and activating hormone regulation and secondary metabolic genes. Furthermore, combined stress from UV-B and other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, drought, heavy metals) often exhibits synergistic or antagonistic effects, with complex mechanisms varying across species. Current research primarily focuses on crops and herbaceous plants under controlled experimental conditions. Future studies should integrate multi-omics technologies and long-term field observations to deeply unravel the molecular networks and ecological adaptability of plants in response to UV-B radiation, providing insights for stress-resistant breeding and ecological restoration.

To understand the distribution of plant resources in Guangzhou Yuexiu Park, the plant background resources(species composition, life forms, and dominant families and genera), geographical distribution of genera of seed plants, and plant application in Guangzhou Yuexiu Park were analyzed by means of literature review and field investigation. The results showed that, (1) there were 122 families, 367 genera and 502 species of vascular plants in the park (excluding subspecies), including 44 species of pteridophytes, 25 genera and 16 families, 10 species of gymnosperms, 8 genera and 6 families, and 448 species of angiosperms, 334 genera and 100 families. (2) The life types of vascular plants were mainly herbs, accounting for 43.82% of the total, trees accounted for 28.69%, shrubs accounted for 23.71%, vines accounted for 3.78%. (3) The number of dominant families accounted for 12.30% of the total number of families, and the number of species accounted for 47.61% of the total number of species. The characteristics of dominant families were obvious, and the composition of genera was relatively complex and diverse. (4) There were 7 variations in 10 distribution types of wild seed plants in 106 families, and 10 variations in 12 types of 342 genera, mainly tropical and subtropical distribution types. (5) Garden ornamental plants in the park could be divided into forest plants, landscape trees, and garden shade trees. Based on the survey results of plant resources, some suggestions were put forward, such as increasing the application of deciduous plants, introducing new garden plants and increasing native plants, to provide references for plant selection and application in urban parks.

Feeding chickens under the forest is an economic innovation farming model under forest, which has good economic benefits and broad development prospects. In this paper, the effects of feeding chicken under the forest on forest and grass, soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial diversity, and insect population were summarized,and the corresponding development measures were put forward based on practical production. In the modes of feeding chickens under the forest, chicken manure, as a green organic fertilizer, can effectively increase economic income. However, this model also has some disadvantages, such as damaging plant growth and reducing plant diversity. When the density of chickens under the forest is controlled reasonably, it is beneficial to maintain good soil ventilation and water permeability. However, the high-density and long-term activities of chickens may lead to the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, and the growth of trees is hindered by poor soil quality. In the process of production, the modes of feeding chicken under the forest is beneficial to increase the variety and quantity of soil microorganisms, promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and the transformation of nutrients, and thus improve soil fertility. At the same time, it can reduce the occurrence of pests, promote the healthy growth of plants, save feed, and reduce the cost of disease and pest control. The development of feeding chicken under the forest should be based on local conditions, scientific site selection and layout, targeted improvement of the vegetation in the breeding area, reasonable determination of breeding density, time and scale, implementation of regional rotational grazing system, and strengthening disease prevention and control. This paper provides references for promoting the high-quality development of the feeding chicken under the forest.

Based on the practice of belt shaped composite planting of soybean and corn,the advantages and key points of its planting technology were summarized and analyzed, the problems in the application of the technology were pointed, and specific application strategies were propoesd. The spatial layout of soybean corn strip intercropping is reasonable, which is conducive to improving land use efficiency, increasing crop yield, and improving the ecological environment. The key cultivation techniques of this model include planting model selection, variety selection, suitable sowing, reasonable fertilization, chemical weed control, chemical pest control, and mechanical harvesting. In terms of production, this model currently has issues such as differences in sowing and harvesting machinery, inconsistent occurrence of pests, diseases, and weeds, and inconsistent prevention and control agents; in this regard, it is proposed to strengthen cooperative research and development, accelerate the development of new specialized machinery, improve the adaptability of machinery, select corn varieties resistant to soybean herbicides, strengthen the development of new pesticides, and thereby pay attention to field management and assist in achieving double harvests in one field. This article provides a reference for further promoting the belt shaped composite planting technology of soybean and corn.

The environmental suitability of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area of Shanxi Province was analyzed from four aspects: climatic conditions, climatic stability, geographical conditions and soil conditions, and the planting management techniques were summarized from the aspects of seed breeding, planting time and planting methods. The Hengshan area was more suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus with large diurnal temperature difference, suitable precipitation, abundant light resources, less extreme weather and loose soil. In order to improve the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus, a series of cultivation and management measures were put forward, including the selection of seeds with full grain and no mildew and moth-eaten seeds, timely sowing, rational fertilization, scientific irrigation, timely weeding and attention to disease and pest control. This paper provides references for further improving the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area.

Camellia oleifera as a unique woody edible oil tree species, has both economic value and ecological maintenance functions. The techniques for high-yield cultivation of Camellia oleifera forests combined its biological characteristics were systematically explored, including selection of afforestation sites, superior varieties, and others. Camellia oleifera trees are 2-8 meters tall, with spherical or nearly spherical fruits that generally mature in autumn. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting areas with an altitude of 100-500 meters, sufficient sunlight, and slopes below 25 degrees for planting; scientifically apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the nutrient status of the soil and the growth needs of plants to improve the soil; select varieties with larger fruits, thinner skin, and higher seed and oil extraction rates; choose strong seedlings that are one or two years old, ensuring their good growth and strong stress resistance; excavate planting holes and adopt reasonable methods for seedling planting; reasonably irrigate and reasonably fertilize oil tea trees based on their age, soil texture, and local climate conditions; after the oil tea is harvested and before the new shoots sprout in spring, remove diseased and weak branches in a timely manner; adopt agricultural, biological, and chemical control measures to timely prevent and control diseases such as anthracnose and soft rot, as well as pests such as Biston marginata and Euproctis pseudoconspersa; when the fruit is 80% to 90% ripe, it should be harvested and processed promptly to prevent spoilage. These technological lare interrelated and together form a complete, efficient, and sustainable high-yield cultivation techniques system for Camellia oleifera, provide references for the efficient development of Camellia oleifera and its related industries.

To further clarify the macrofungal species resources in Guiyang region, Guizhou Province, the composition of macrofungal species, dominant family and genus in 11 regions were investigated by random field investigation and questionnaire survey, and the correlation between macrofungal diversity and habitat and climate was investigated. A total of 429 fungal specimens were collected in the study area, and 215 species of macrofungi were identified and classified, belonging to 3 phyla, 8 classes, 19 orders, 47 families and 107 genera. At phylum level, basidiomycetes (90.23%) and ascomycetes (8.83%) were dominant phyla. At the genus level, Polyporaceae (21.395%), Marasmiaceae (7.907%) and Russulaceae (7.442%) were the dominant genera. In the market, a total of 21 kinds of large fungi such as red mushrooms, milk mushrooms and ganoderma lucidum were investigated, including 16 kinds of edible fungi, and the commodity potential was large. There were 69 kinds of edible fungi, 33 kinds of medicinal fungi and 16 kinds of poisonous fungi. The habitats of macrofungi were mainly mixed forest and broad-leaved forest. The species richness of macrofungi was affected by seasonal changes, and the species of fungi increased with the increase of precipitation. The research area is rich in macrofungal resources, so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the collection and domestication of fungi resources and artificial propagation, accelerate the cultivation of leading edible fungi enterprises, give full play to the advantages of fungi resources in Guiyang, and provide references for promoting the development of edible fungi industry in the area.

To optimize and promote the techniques of potato planting and field management, based on the production practice of potato planting, the technical key points were summarized in the process of its planting and field management from four aspects: variety selection, soil improvement, sowing and fertilization, and field management. Including giving priority to the selection of high quality, high yield and disease resistant varieties; implement in-depth cultivation and carry out reasonable crop rotation; determine the sowing time based on climatic conditions, and determine the sowing density and depth based on the characteristics of the variety; apply fertilizers scientifically and appropriately increase the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; strengthen hoeing, soil mounding and water management, and appropriate microbial preparations, chemical agents, etc. are adopted to control diseases and pests such as late blight, cutworms and aphids. The above measures have increased the yield and quality of potatoes and improved the economic benefits of growers. This article provides a reference for the scientific planting and field management of potatoes.

The remote sensing ecological index of Hefei City, Anhui Province was selected as the research object and Landsat 5 and 8 images were used as data sources to conduct principal component analysis on greenness index, humidity index, dryness index and heat index. RSEI model was constructed to dynamically monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of the research area, and analyze its temporal and spatial changes. The results showed that from 2001 to 2021, the RSEI index in the study area generally declined first and then increased slowly. Greenness and humidity were positively correlated with eco-environmental quality, while dryness and heat were negatively correlated with eco-environmental quality. In terms of spatial change, RSEI invariable areas were scattered from 2001 to 2011, and the ecological environment quality around the main urban area declined. From 2011 to 2016, RSEI values increased in the western and northern parts of the country, and decreased in some southern regions, but its overall ecological environment quality improved. From 2016 to 2021, the ecological and environmental quality in the main urban areas will continue to improve. This paper provides a reference for the evaluation of ecological environment quality of similar areas.

The main factors affecting tea production were summarized based on tea tree cultivation practice, and high-yield cultivation techniques were proposed for tea trees based on these influencing factors. The main factors affecting tea production include climate conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine; soil physical and chemical properties, water content, and other soil conditions; adaptability of tea tree varieties and cultivation management techniques such as pruning, harvesting, fertilizer and water supply. The high-yield cultivation techniques for tea trees include selecting tea varieties with wide adaptability, strong resistance to diseases and pests, and high-yield potential; take measures such as deep plowing and soil turning, rational application of organic fertilizers, and application of lime and ammonium sulfate for soil improvement; choose irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation, and establish a comprehensive drainage system to protect tea gardens from the effects of excessive moisture or soil erosion; adopting green prevention and control technologies such as biological and physical control to prevent pests and diseases from invading tea trees. Relevant high-yield cultivation techniques can help improve the overall yield and quality of tea in different regions and environmental conditions, providing references for the green and sustainable development of the tea industry.

The distribution of green peacocks in Yunnan Province and the status quo of its biological research and protection measures were reviewed, the problems existing in its protection measures were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward to provide references for the protection of this species. At present, green peacocks in Yunnan Province are mainly distributed in 10 counties (cities and districts) such as Shuangbai County and Chuxiong City. The number of green peacocks is about 800 -1 000, and the distribution range is narrow. Its biological research mainly focuses on population number and distribution, factors affecting population number, habitat and habitat environment conditions, foraging preferences, etc. In addition, there are some physiological, genetic, and some diseases studies of green peacock. The protection measures mainly include actively formulating protection plans, increasing the construction of green peacock reserves and carrying out population investigation and monitoring. Comprehensive distribution, biological research and protection measures found that the current of green peacock protection measures need to be improved, inbreeding intensification, insufficient biological research, and weak artificial breeding technology. To solve these problems, some countermeasures are put forward, including making plans with the existing research results to further strengthen the publicity and monitoring of green peacocks; jointing research institutions, universities and conservation institutions to further carry out genetic diversity research, strengthen the living habits and habitat conditions of green peacocks, and expand the content and direction of biological research; throughing the construction of breeding population and the development of artificial breeding offspring release (return) wild environment protection plan to strengthen the weak link research, achieve the wild population growth of green peacock, get rid of the endangered rescue goal.

Based on literature review and practical application, the definition, classification and action mechanism of biopesticides were described in this paper. The application of biopesticides in agricultural fields such as disease and pest control, weed control, and soil improvement was analyzed, and strategies to promote the application of biopesticides in agricultural planting were proposed. Biopesticides refer to a category of pesticide formulations that utilize living organisms or their metabolites to effectively control agricultural pests, encompassing microbial pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, animal-derived pesticides, and other types. Currently, the application of biopesticides in agricultural production primarily manifests in disease and pest control, weed management, and soil improvement, demonstrating significant application value and development potential. In terms of disease and pest control, biopesticides achieve ecological management through specific mechanisms of action; in terms of weed control, bioherbicides based on toxic or inhibitory effects show notable efficacy; and in terms of soil health maintenance, they enhance soil ecological functions by regulating microbial community structures. To promote the adoption and application of biopesticides, the following measures were proposed: intensifying public education on biopesticides to raise awareness, improving market supervision systems to ensure product safety and efficacy, and strengthening technological research and development to enhance product performance and stability. This research provides valuable references for advancing the promotion and application of biopesticides.

Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb, and its leaves are used as medicine. It is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herbal with high medicinal and economical value. The high-quality cultivation techniques of this plant were summarized and analyzed from 7 aspects of variety selection, land preparation, and propagation methods. Including select high-quality, high-yielding, and comprehensive resistant varieties of Artemisia argyi suitable for local cultivation; choose fertile loam and sandy loam environments with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and deep plowing and fertilization before planting. Its propagation techniques include division propagation, root propagation, and cutting propagation; the suitable planting density is 97 500 to 120 000 plants/hm², and the appropriate amount of rhizomes for root propagation is 3 000 kg/hm². After planting, timely carry out standardized management work such as tillage, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, leveling, and thinning to promote plant growth; the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the field mainly rely on agricultural and physical methods, with chemical control as a supplement. Timely harvesting, processing and storage according to its application characteristics.It provides references for Artemisia argyi standardized production and high-quality industrial development.

To investigate the regulating effect of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution on qi, blood and immune function.The wild type AB strain zebrafish 3 dpf after insemination was used as the experimental object. The anemia and immune deficiency models of zebrafish were induced by phenylzine and vinorelbine tartrate, respectively, and were divided into normal control group, model control group and ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution group. The maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution was determined. The experiment was divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group and ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution group by MTC and zebrafish anemia and low immunity model to evaluate the effect of regulate qi, blood and immunity. The results showed that the MTC of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution to regulate the ability of qi, blood was 31.20 μL/mL. Compared with the model control group, in the treatment group of 15.60 and 31.20 μL/mL, the cardiac erythrocyte staining intensity of zebrafish increased by 276.64% and 570.47%, respectively. The MTC of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution regulating immune function was 3.91 μL/mL. Compared with the model control group, the number of residual fluorescent particles in zebrafish in 0.98, 1.95, and 3.91 μL/mL treatment groups decreased by 34.35%, 40.42%, and 52.10%, respectively. In addition, in the 1.95 and 3.91 μL/mL treatment groups, the fluorescence intensity of T cells in zebrafish was significantly increased, which was 110.24% and 126.94% higher than that in the model control group, respectively. To sum up, ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution has the effect of improving anemia, and can regulating immunity by promoting macrophage phagocytosis and enhancing T cell function.

In this study, local indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - Glomus consrictum were selected. Under the stress of cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg), to explore its effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the fixation effect of Cd in soil in three treatment groups: no addition of biochar, addition of biochar A (corn stalks), and addition of biochar B (corn cobs). The FTIR spectral analysis results showed that the functional groups contained in the two types of biochar were approximately the same. The results of the co-treatment of AMF and biochar showed that the addition of two biochars decreased soil total Cd by 2.9%-25.1%, soil available Cd content by 4.8%-15.3%, and increased soil available potassium and soil available phosphorus content under different initial Cd concentrations. The soil pH and soil organic matter increased slightly, but the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed diffused nitrogen decreased. Comprehensive comparison, under low Cd concentration, corncob biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available cadmium, but under medium and high Cd concentration, corn straw biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available Cd.

Multiple planting of soybeans after wheat harvest can fully utilize the remaining light, hot, and water resources after wheat harvest, achieve two crop intercropping in one year. The planting practice was combined of wheat and soybean in Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, the light, simple, and efficient cultivation techniques for winter wheat and high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybeans were summarized and analyzed, at the same time, corresponding yield improvement strategies were proposed by focusing on the key aspects of intercropping soybeans after wheat. The cultivation techniques for light, simple, and efficient winter wheat include selecting high quality, high yielding, disease resistant, and early maturing wheat varieties; before sowing, rotary tiller and rake flat, and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer; reasonably determine the broadcasting schedule and quantity; check and supplement seedlings, and timely carry out “one spray and three prevention” measures; timely harvest and clean up residual debris. The high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybean varieties include selecting early maturing varieties with strong stress resistance and high and stable yield; plow and weed before sowing, and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer; timely sowing of moisture and reasonable planting density; combining tillage weeding with chemical weeding, applying fertilizer while the soil is moist, and implementing rational control measures; seize the critical window period for disease and pest control and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures; remove from drying and store in the warehouse. The key points to focus on in the research area for wheat multiple cropping soybean include wheat harvest period, planting efficiency, soil preparation quality, and mechanization level. Therefore, reasonable crop rotation and good crop rotation connection were proposed; promote high yield cultivation techniques, and improve planting efficiency; strategies include fine soil preparation, improving soil fertility, introducing new machinery, and expanding the area of intercropping. This article provides a reference for achieving high yields by multiple cropping soybeans after wheat in Shangluo and related areas.

The effects of deep fertilization on soil nutrients, plant nutrient uptake, plant growth and development, crop yield and quality were reviewed. Proper deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and organic fertilizer can all increase soil nutrient content. For example, deep application of nitrogen fertilizer (10-25 cm) can reduce nitrogen leaching and volatilization losses in soil; as the depth of compound fertilizer application increases, the ability of nitrate nitrogen in the soil to move downward increases. Proper deep fertilization enhanced nutrient absorption efficiency in crops. Fertilization in appropriate soil layers can promote the growth and development of crops, increases chlorophyll content in leaves, improves photosynthetic characteristics. Appropriate deep fertilization aligns the active root zones with nutrient supply areas, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency. The impact of deep fertilization on yield and quality varies among crops, but proper deep fertilization generally enhances both. This study provides a reference for determining optimal deep fertilizations for different crops and exploring the benefits of yield increase with reduced fertilizer input.

The current status of the Huainan Bagongshan tofu industry and its brand construction, as well as the application of animation IP in empowering local characteristic industries were analyzed, and the practice of Bagongshan tofu animation IP design in brand enhancement was explored. Currently, challenges such as insufficient brand differentiation, weak digital communication, and inadequate industrial integration depth hinder the development of the Bagongshan tofu industry. As an emerging cultural medium, animation IP offers innovative pathways for the creative transformation of agricultural cultural heritage. It serves as a vital tool for building rural characteristic industries, optimizing rural industrial structures, promoting economic transformation, and providing new models for rural governance and public services. By integrating regional cultural, landscape, and industrial elements, animation IP can shape culturally distinctive brand images, attract younger consumer groups, and foster the inheritance and innovation of agricultural cultural heritage. Taking the “Doubao” animation IP as an example, the design of characters, derivative product development, and cultural industrial park construction have achieved the modern expression of traditional tofu culture and industrial value transformation. The practice demonstrates that combining animation IP with local characteristic industries not only drives youthful brand dissemination but also establishes a “cultural empowerment + industrial revitalization” dual-driven model, offering a replicable example for the sustainable development of rural specialty industries.

The physical and chemical properties of coffee grounds, as a by-product of coffee, and the potential of resource reuse were reviewed. Coffee grounds are rich in nutrients such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their porous nature makes them a good soil amendment. In soil improvement, coffee grounds can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and adjust soil pH. In terms of fertilizer application, coffee grounds can improve the physical properties of the soil, and its slow-release effect provides stable and lasting nutrition for crops, helps to reduce the loss and volatilization of nutrients, and thus improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. The reuse of coffee grounds resources helps reduce the environmental burden caused by agricultural waste and realize the recycling of agricultural by-products. At the same time, it promotes the root expansion and nutrient absorption of crops by improving soil conditions, so as to further improve crop yield and quality. This paper provides a reference for realizing the efficient utilization of coffee grounds and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

Early diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control techniques were explored for wheat disease, and strategies to improve the effectiveness of wheat disease prevention and control were proposed. Early diagnosis techniques include disease symptom recognition techniques that rely on disease symptom maps, deep learning algorithms, and remote sensing technology, and molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and gene chips. Comprehensive prevention and control techniques include establishing and applying disease prediction models based on meteorological data, as well as disease prediction and warning systems; applying reasonable crop rotation systems, optimizing sowing time and density, and other agricultural operation techniques. The strategies to improve the effectiveness of wheat disease prevention and control include the research and promotion of new diagnostic technologies such as nanotechnology and biosensors, as well as the integration and application of comprehensive prevention and control technologies such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control, to promote the innovation of diagnosis and control technologies; the measures such as conducting on-site demonstrations, remote teaching, and organizing experience exchange meetings, and establishing demonstration bases to strengthen farmer education and technical training. The application of relevant techniques provides a reference for improving the scientific and timely prevention and control of wheat disease.

To understand the risk factors in yeast products, brewing yeast and high-active dry yeast products sold in market were selected. A fishbone diagram was used to identify and analyze potential risk factors, and pathogenic microorganisms as well as heavy metals (total arsenic and lead) were measured. The results showed that the main risks in yeast products were associated with raw materials, fermentation, and production processes. No pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected in any of the tested products. The total arsenic and lead contents in the products were consistently low, complying with safety standards, and exhibited a year-on-year decreasing trend, with no lead residues were detected in yeast extracts, yeast-based compound seasonings, etc. These findings indicate that yeast products have a high safety profile.

To understand the common species of diseases and pests of Gleditsia sinensis and their characteristics of occurrence and damage, disease survey was carried out in the main planting area of Gleditsia sinensis in Zhijin, Guizhou Province by means of route investigation and sample investigation. The results showed that 51 species of diseases and pests of Gleditsia sinensis were investigated, including 18 infectious diseases, 5 physiological diseases, and 28 insect pests. Common and serious injuries included Colletotrichum sp., Diaporthe sp., Phyllactinia sp., Mosaic virus disease, Homadaula anisocentra, Trichochrysea imperialis, Euphalerus robinae, Empoasca sp., Megabruchidius dorsalis, and Agrilus viduus. There were many kinds of diseases and pests in Gleditsia sinensis, complex components, various ways and degrees of harm. It was necessary to carry out scientific control according to the harm characteristics and occurrence rules of various diseases and pests, and the main strategies included quarantine prevention, cultivation management, scientific application of physical control, biological control and chemical control. This paper provides references for the control measures of Gleditsia sinensis.

To investigate the domestication efficiency of feed Siniperca chuatsi in the domestication model of industrial circulating water, an early-stage Siniperca chuatsi was conducted in a rectangular training tank over 52 days. Growth performance indicators, including survival rate of Siniperca chuatsi, were measured, and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that after domestication the final specification of feed Siniperca chuatsi was 43 individuals/kg, with a survival rate of 90.72%, weight gain rate of 924.67%, and feed conversion ratio of 1.07. Economic benefits analysis revealed a net profit of 78 832 yuan, with an overall break-even survival rate exceeding 42.43%. In conclusion, this training model offers advantages such as a short cycle, simple operation, strong controllability, high survival rate, and significant economic benefits, making it suitable for broader application in production.

Based on a comprehensive interpretation of the all-age friendly concept and the connotation of urban renewal, as well as the current challenges in urban park renovation, Shenyang Kejian Park was taken as a case. From the perspective of all-age friendly, the park’s challenges through empirical analysis were pointed out, and renewal strategies for creating an all-age friendly urban park were proposed. Against the backdrop of urban renewal, urban park renovation has shifted toward all-age friendly, diversity, and refinement. Current efforts still need improvement in ecological functions, biodiversity, spatial composite utilization, and maintenance management. Kejian Park faces shortcomings in rational functional zoning, infrastructure functionality, road network accessibility, and diversified plant configuration. Accordingly,renewal and activation strategies for all-age friendly urban parks were proposed，including enriching functional zones to create shared activity spaces for all ages; upgrading infrastructure and adding industrial-themed interactive installations; optimizing the hierarchical road network system to enhance spatial accessibility; diversifying plant community configurations to strengthen ecological service functions. This research provides a reference for enhancing similar urban park renewal projects.

In order to analyze the plant community diversity in Hefei Binhu National Forest Park, the plant community composition, species diversity, importance value and community vertical structure were investigated by using the quadrat survey method. The results showed that there were 107 species of plants in the study area, including 48 herbaceous plants and 59 woody plants. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou index were 1.056, 0.464 and 0.668, respectively, which were lower than that of garden land. The index values of poplar forest area were normally distributed, and the index values of garden land biodiversity were different due to different plant allocation patterns. In the poplar regeneration layer, the importance value of conformation tree was the highest, it was 1.074, and the dominant species were Broussonetia papyrifera, Morus alba and Ligustrum lucidum. The vertical structure of the community was stratified, the upper layer of trees was simple, the regeneration layer of trees was low, and shrubs and vines were scarce. It is suggested to use native plant community to gradually replace poplar forest, and build ecological plant community according to the order of group species, dominant species, associated species, shrubs and herbs. The results can provide references for plant community survey and the landscape construction of similar area.

To promote the promotion and application of green prevention and control technology in the prevention and control of corn diseases and pests, the specific applications and prevention effects of agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control, and chemical prevention and control were studied by reviewing relevant literature and combining practice. The main measures for agricultural prevention and control include selecting corn varieties with strong adaptability, high-yield, and excellent quality; croping rotation with crops such as soybeans and wheat to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases; utilizing the ecological complementarity between different crops, intercropping with crops such as potatoes and peanuts; reasonably controling the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, scientifically applying base and topdressing fertilizers to improve the stress resistance of corn; timely and moderate irrigation to maintain suitable soil moisture. Physical prevention and control mainly uses physical factors or mechanical equipment, such as insect-killing lamp and sticking traps, to attract and kill pests. Biological prevention and control mainly utilizes natural enemies and microbial agents for control. Chemical control is mainly applied in situations where diseases and pests are severe or biological control methods cannot effectively respond, through scientific and precise application of drugs to effectively control pests and diseases. The comprehensive application of green prevention and control technology can reduce the incidence of corn diseases and pests, improve yield and quality, it is an effective way to achieve sustainable corn production. This article provides references for achieving high-quality, efficient, and eco-friendly corn and other crops production.

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry production, which can reduce the yield and quality of strawberry and cause certain economic losses. The pathogen and symptoms of strawberry gray mold, the infection cycle of the disease, the main factors influencing its occurrence, and comprehensive control measures were elaborated. There are many types of pathogens causing strawberry gray mold, mainly including Botrytis cinerea, B. caroliniana, and B. sinoviticola, etc. The main damage is to the fruit, initially showing water-soaked spots, and later expanding into gray-brown soft rot spots covered with mold; infected flower organs, leaves, and petioles show browning, rotting, and mold. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the form of conidia, mycelium, or sclerotia in diseased residues and soil, and spreads through air currents, water vapor, or agricultural operations, infecting plants through wounds or natural openings, and repeatedly reinfecting in a humid environment. The main factors influencing the occurrence of this disease include variety resistance, fruit maturity and whether it is damaged, the amount of bacteria carried by various plant organs, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, the amount of spores in the air), and cultivation and management measures (close planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and continuous cropping). In production, it is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures including agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties and high ridge mulching cultivation, ecological control measures such as high-temperature fumigation, biological control measures such as applying antagonistic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium lateritium Pa2) and plant-derived agents (eugenol, carvacrol), and chemical control measures such as alternating use of low-toxic and highly effective fungicides such as procymidone and boscalid to effectively control the occurrence of strawberry gray mold. In the future, systematic research needs to be conducted in areas such as resistance monitoring systems, development of environmentally friendly fungicides, and disease monitoring and early warning systems to provide references for the control and in-depth study of this disease.

To improve the quality of agricultural meteorological services provided by grassroots meteorological departments, the current status of the basic application of satellite remote sensing technology was analyzed in grassroots meteorological departments, and its specific application in modern meteorological services was explored. In terms of application status, it is necessary to further identify and analyze monitoring objects, accurately locate monitoring targets through product stacking, algorithm optimization and adjustment, and other operations; multiple remote sensing model calculation methods and data sources need to be combined to improve monitoring accuracy. In terms of application, it is mainly used in 3 aspects: meteorological disaster prediction, agricultural production services, and environmental monitoring. Among them, in terms of meteorological disaster prediction, it can be used for monitoring floods, geology, meteorology, forests, etc., providing data reference for flood control and disaster relief, geological disasters, drought monitoring, forest fire prevention, etc. In terms of agricultural production service monitoring, it can be used for crop growth pest and disease, yield evaluation and other monitoring, helping to reverse the growth parameters of crops, reduce economic losses caused by pests and diseases, and calculate crop yields. In terms of ecological environment monitoring, it can be used for monitoring atmospheric environment, water pollution, solid waste, etc., to help accurately assess the air quality and evaluate water quality in the region. This article provides references for the application of satellite remote sensing technology in modern meteorological services.

To investigate the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of selenium (Se) in the soil-crop (rice, corn) system, this study collected and analyzed 1 429 paddy field-rice samples and 1 536 dryland-corn samples. Combining methods such as inverse distance weighting interpolation, hot/cold spot analysis, correlation analysis, and random forest models, the distribution and enrichment patterns of selenium in the soil-crop system were investigated. The relationships between parent material, soil physicochemical properties [soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH], essential trace elements [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)], climatic factors [altitude (ASL), slope (SLP), annual precipitation (PRCP), mean temperature (TEMP)] and soil Se, crop Se, and bioaccumulation factors (BCF) were analyzed. The results showed that,(1) The average Se content in paddy soils was 0.66 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 80.13%), while that in dryland soils was 0.58 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 73.83%). (2) Moran’s I indices for paddy soil Se, dryland soil Se, rice Se, corn Se, rice BCF, and corn BCF were 0.46, 0.31, 0.38, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.07 respectively, indicating moderate spatial autocorrelation influenced by both structural and stochastic factors. (3) Parent material significantly influenced the spatial variation of soil Se, with greater impact on rice Se than corn Se, potentially related to crop species differences. (4) The random forest modeling identified PRCP, ASL, TEMP, and SOM as primary predictors of soil Se; PRCP, TEMP, and ASL for crop Se; SOM and PRCP for rice BCF; SOM, ASL, and TEMP for corn BCF. This study provides references for selenium-rich resource utilization in relevant areas.

Low temperature is one of the major environmental stress factors affecting plants, exerting significant influence on photosynthetic capacity and thereby hindering plant growth and development. The impact of low temperature stress on the photosynthetic mechanisms in plant leaves was summarized, focusing on changes in cellular anatomical structure, cell membrane permeability, osmoregulatory substances, and photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In terms of cellular anatomical structure, low temperature stress may disrupt the palisade/spongy tissue ratio in mesophyll cells and damage chloroplast ultrastructure. Regarding cell membrane permeability, low temperature stress induces electrolyte leakage, along with the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation. Plants counteract this by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) to maintain ROS homeostasis. Concerning osmoregulatory substances, low temperature stress triggers the dynamic accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, and proteins to sustain photosynthetic performance. In photosynthetic carbon assimilation, low temperature stress reduces chlorophyll content and the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), altering key photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci). Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) compensates for the decline in Rubisco activity by fixing low-concentration CO₂, thereby mitigating photosynthetic losses. In conclusion, this article provides a reference for analyzing the mechanism of plants’ response to low temperatures and improving the photosynthetic performance of plant leaves under low temperature stress conditions.

Based on the practice of strip intercropping of soybeans and corn in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, the soybean and corn strip intercropping technology from the aspects of pre-sowing preparation, sowing, field management, pest and disease control and so on were summarized and analyzed. In terms of preparation before sowing, corn varieties with strong resistance to dense planting, disease resistance, lodging and compact or semi-compact, and soybean varieties with strong shade resistance and lodging resistance are preferred. Sterilization of seeds such as coating, seed mixing or seed soaking. In terms of seeding, apply sufficient high quality decomposed farm fertilizer, combined with the application of compound fertilizer, according to the actual situation, in accordance with 3:2 or 4:2 model seeding, to ensure the seeding density. In terms of field management, closed weeding and post-seedling weeding are used to remove weeds. When the plants grew too well and the planting density is too high, plant growth regulator is applied to control the growth of the plants. In terms of pest control, the use of mechanical equipment for deep ploughing, turning the soil, or the use of insecticidal lamps in the adult insect occurrence period can effectively lure and kill pests, and select appropriate chemical agents for control according to the types of pests and diseases. In terms of harvesting, it should be harvest at the approprite in time and dry for storage. This paper provides references for optimizing planting layout and improving soybean and corn production performance in relevant areas.