To compare the fruit quality of five blueberry varieties in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, the fruits of five blueberry varieties, namely ‘Lanmei No.1’ ‘Gardenblue’ ‘L11’ ‘Nan Gaocong No.3’and ‘Eureka’ were used as materials. The appearance indicators such as single fruit quality, the contents of antioxidant substances such as anthocyanins, chlorophyll content, and the contents of nutrients such as soluble sugar were determined, and the sensory evaluation of the fruits was also conducted. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were adopted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality. The results showed that among the five blueberry varieties, ‘Eureka’ had the largest single fruit weight at 4.805 g,‘Gardenblue’ had the largest fruit shape index at 0.868, ‘Eureka’ had the highest anthocyanin content at 890.217 μg/g, ‘L11’ had the highest total phenol content at 2.840 g/kg, and ‘Gardenblue’ had the highest flavonoid content, reaching 0.177 mg/g, the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in ‘Lanmei No.1’ were all the highest, which were 8.873%, 107.433 μg/g and 10.2% respectively. The total sensory evaluation scores, from high to low, were as follows:‘Lanmei No.1’ > ‘Nan Gaocong No.3’ > ‘Gardenblue’ > ‘Eureka’ > ‘L11’. Comprehensive analysis showed that ‘Eureka’ had the highest comprehensive score, with large fruits, strong antioxidant capacity and high nutritional value. ‘Lanmei No.1’ ranked second in the comprehensive score, with higher fruit sweetness and good taste. The fruit quality of both was relatively high. To sum up, among the five blueberry varieties, ‘Eureka’ and ‘Lanmei No.1’ had better overall quality.‘Lanmei No.1’ was suitable for fresh consumption, while ‘Eureka’ was suitable for processing into dried fruits, fruit paste and functional products. This article provides a reference for the introduction and cultivation of blueberries in similar regions.

Canine distemper is a non zoonotic disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study focuses on dogs suspected of suffering from canine distemper, and diagnoses them through clinical examination, blood biochemical indicators, blood routine indicators,and antigen detection; adopt methods such as combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Sangju Yinqiao powder decoction + Doxycycline powder, etc.) and treating based on syndrome differentiation to treat it. The results showed that the diseased dogs had poor mental state, frequent sneezing, thick nasal discharge, and bleeding. The concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and globulin in the diseased dog were higher than the reference values. The total number of white blood cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were significantly increased. The antigen test was positive. All the evidence indicates that the dog is suffering from canine distemper.After treatment, the dog’s condition improved, and its appetite, mental state, blood biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators all returned to normal. This article provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

The growth environment, especially soil conditions, has a significant impact on the quality of Chinese medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata. The research progress on the characteristics of Gastrodia elata growth soil from aspects such as the soil types suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata, as well as the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the growth soil was summarized. Gastrodia elata thrives in loose and moderately sandy loam. Yellow soil and yellow-brown soil are commonly suitable dominant soil types. Research on the physical properties of Gastrodia elata soil mainly focuses on soil moisture content. In addition, physical properties such as soil texture, porosity, water-holding capacity also affect the quality of Gastrodia elata. In terms of chemical properties, the suitable soil pH for Gastrodia elata is 4.00-6.30, and the organic matter content is 28.63-138.30 g/kg. Among them, phosphorus is crucial for the improvement of its yield and quality. During its cultivation process, effective measures should be focused on to increase the available phosphorus content in the soil. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, as well as macromolecular organic substances like valenoic acid and o-heptadecanoyl carnitine, are also its important chemical properties. In terms of biological characteristics, it mainly includes research on soil microbial structure and diversity. Crop rotation or fallow can restore microbial diversity. The application of lime, anti-continuous cropping agents and other improvement agents can regulate the microbial community structure to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and increase yield.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

The effects of deep fertilization on soil nutrients, plant nutrient uptake, plant growth and development, crop yield and quality were reviewed. Proper deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and organic fertilizer can all increase soil nutrient content. For example, deep application of nitrogen fertilizer (10-25 cm) can reduce nitrogen leaching and volatilization losses in soil; as the depth of compound fertilizer application increases, the ability of nitrate nitrogen in the soil to move downward increases. Proper deep fertilization enhanced nutrient absorption efficiency in crops. Fertilization in appropriate soil layers can promote the growth and development of crops, increases chlorophyll content in leaves, improves photosynthetic characteristics. Appropriate deep fertilization aligns the active root zones with nutrient supply areas, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency. The impact of deep fertilization on yield and quality varies among crops, but proper deep fertilization generally enhances both. This study provides a reference for determining optimal deep fertilizations for different crops and exploring the benefits of yield increase with reduced fertilizer input.

To evaluate the nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from various raw materials, 30 DDGS samples were classified into 5 groups based on their raw material sources and crude protein content: rice DDGS, corn DDGS (Ⅰ), corn DDGS (Ⅱ), low-proportion cassava DDGS (CP > 18%), and high-proportion cassava DDGS (CP < 18%). The nutritional composition and predicted energy values were compared among these groups. Additionally, 5 representative DDGS samples were selected for further analysis of their gross energy, enzyme hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and digestibility determined by simulated digestion method.The results demonstrated that as the cassava substitution ratio increased, the crude protein and crude fat content of cassava DDGS gradually decreased, while crude fiber and crude ash content increased. Furthermore, model-predicted energy analysis revealed a significant decline in energy value with higher cassava substitution ratios, indicating poorer quality. Simulated digestion experiments confirmed that the energy value and digestibility of cassava DDGS decreased as the cassava substitution ratio rose.In conclusion, low-proportion cassava DDGS, with its high crude protein content and superior digestibility, is suitable as a quality protein source. Conversely, high-proportion cassava DDGS, characterized by elevated crude fiber and crude ash content, is less suitable for monogastric animals due to reduced nutrient utilization but can serve as a cost-effective roughage for ruminants.

To optimize and promote the techniques of potato planting and field management, based on the production practice of potato planting, the technical key points were summarized in the process of its planting and field management from four aspects: variety selection, soil improvement, sowing and fertilization, and field management. Including giving priority to the selection of high quality, high yield and disease resistant varieties; implement in-depth cultivation and carry out reasonable crop rotation; determine the sowing time based on climatic conditions, and determine the sowing density and depth based on the characteristics of the variety; apply fertilizers scientifically and appropriately increase the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; strengthen hoeing, soil mounding and water management, and appropriate microbial preparations, chemical agents, etc. are adopted to control diseases and pests such as late blight, cutworms and aphids. The above measures have increased the yield and quality of potatoes and improved the economic benefits of growers. This article provides a reference for the scientific planting and field management of potatoes.

Low temperature is one of the major environmental stress factors affecting plants, exerting significant influence on photosynthetic capacity and thereby hindering plant growth and development. The impact of low temperature stress on the photosynthetic mechanisms in plant leaves was summarized, focusing on changes in cellular anatomical structure, cell membrane permeability, osmoregulatory substances, and photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In terms of cellular anatomical structure, low temperature stress may disrupt the palisade/spongy tissue ratio in mesophyll cells and damage chloroplast ultrastructure. Regarding cell membrane permeability, low temperature stress induces electrolyte leakage, along with the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation. Plants counteract this by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) to maintain ROS homeostasis. Concerning osmoregulatory substances, low temperature stress triggers the dynamic accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, and proteins to sustain photosynthetic performance. In photosynthetic carbon assimilation, low temperature stress reduces chlorophyll content and the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), altering key photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci). Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) compensates for the decline in Rubisco activity by fixing low-concentration CO₂, thereby mitigating photosynthetic losses. In conclusion, this article provides a reference for analyzing the mechanism of plants’ response to low temperatures and improving the photosynthetic performance of plant leaves under low temperature stress conditions.

To promote the research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer alternatives and the resource utilization of agricultural waste, the usability of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer was analyzed, its practical application in the production of grain crops and economic crops were discussed, and the impact of reducing chemical fertilizers and applying organic fertilizers on crop yield and quality, soil quality, etc., were analyzed. In terms of availability, it has abundant raw materials for organic fertilizers and high availability. Among them, human and animal manure for producing organic fertilizers is a more suitable method. In practical applications, in the production of grain crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can ensure the nutrient supply of rice at various growth stages, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat grains, and increase the biomass and protein content of maize; in the production of economic crops such as cotton, rapeseed, and pomelo, organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizers, which can improve cotton quality and yield, effectively reduce the occurrence of rapeseed diseases, and improve the nutrient status of pomelo leaves and fruits. In terms of impact, the application of this technology can help promote crop growth and development, improve crop yield and quality, increase soluble protein and vitamin C content in fruits, etc. improve soil structure, reduce soil pollution risk, and enhance soil nitrogen utilization efficiency. This article provides a reference for the development of green agriculture, circular economy.

The research progress on the responses of plant leaf functional traits to environmental factors such as climatic factors (light, temperature, humidity), soil factors, and topographic factors (altitude, slope direction, slope position, and slope) was reviewed. In terms of climatic factors, different light conditions can lead to significant differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf lifespan, specific leaf area, and leaf size among plants. The relationship between leaf functional traits and temperature varies among different forest stands. The water transport capacity and hydraulic structure characteristics of leaves affect the water use efficiency, growth, competition and distribution of plants. Factors such as precipitation and soil humidity content can lead to diverse differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf size, specific leaf area and vein density among different plants. In terms of soil factors, the responses of plant leaf functional traits to different soil factors are different. In terms of topographic factors, the response mechanism of leaf functional traits to altitude is different in different developmental stages of different plants. The slope direction forms a local environmental gradient by regulating factors such as light and temperature, resulting in differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf area and specific leaf area among different plants. The utilization strategies of plant resources on different slopes are different, and there are differences in the performance trends of leaf functional traits such as leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area among different plants on different slopes. The functional traits of plant leaves vary with different slopes. This article provides a reference for clarifying the response mechanism of plant leaf functional traits to the environment.

In this study, local indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - Glomus consrictum were selected. Under the stress of cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg), to explore its effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the fixation effect of Cd in soil in three treatment groups: no addition of biochar, addition of biochar A (corn stalks), and addition of biochar B (corn cobs). The FTIR spectral analysis results showed that the functional groups contained in the two types of biochar were approximately the same. The results of the co-treatment of AMF and biochar showed that the addition of two biochars decreased soil total Cd by 2.9%-25.1%, soil available Cd content by 4.8%-15.3%, and increased soil available potassium and soil available phosphorus content under different initial Cd concentrations. The soil pH and soil organic matter increased slightly, but the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed diffused nitrogen decreased. Comprehensive comparison, under low Cd concentration, corncob biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available cadmium, but under medium and high Cd concentration, corn straw biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available Cd.

Bifenthrin·clothianidin is a new type of compound insecticide that can be used to control more than 20 pests such as Helicoverpa armigera. This study explores the properties, composition, action mechanism, and application effects of this suspension concentrate, as well as its application technologies and practices in the agricultural field, and prospects for future research. The suspension concentrate is formulated by combining two active ingredients, bifenthrin and clothianidin, with dual characteristics of rapid insecticidal activity and long-term protection. Its action mechanism includes contact toxicity, stomach toxicity, and systemic translocation: it can penetrate into the insect body either by directly contacting the insect surface (dissolving the waxy layer on the exoskeleton or through microscopic pores), enter via the insect’s mouthparts and digestive tract, or indirectly infiltrate the insect body when the pest engages in piercing-sucking feeding on plant stems and leaves treated with the insecticide, ultimately leading to insect death by poisoning. In terms of application effects, this insecticide offers advantages such as a broad insecticidal spectrum, quick-acting and long-lasting efficacy, low toxicity, safety, and environmental friendliness. It also exhibits excellent environmental and ecological safety: it is safe for crop growth, compatible with other chemical agents, has minimal impacts on aquatic organisms and beneficial organisms, and can degrade into harmless substances in soil over time. Previously, this insecticide has been used to control pests such as aphids, cutworms, thrips, and pear psylla on various crops including food crops, fruits, and vegetables, and can be applied through methods such as spraying, drip irrigation, and drenching. In the future, efforts will be made to further optimize its formulation, develop more efficient and stable dosage forms, and conduct research on environmental friendliness and precise application technologies. In summary, bifenthrin·clothianidin suspension concentrate can reduce the application rate of chemical pesticides, delay the development of pest resistance, and extend the service life of pesticides, thereby boasting broad application prospects.

7 plant growth regulators (0.136% gibberellin·indoleacetic acid·brassinolide WP 75.0 g/hm², 0.1% triacontanol ME 1 000 mL/hm², 0.4% kinetin AS 937.5 mL/hm², 0.000 4% enadenine·oxyenadenine SP 750 mL/hm², 4% gibberellic acid SL 500 mL/hm², 0.007 5% 14-hydroxybrassinolide AS 150 mL/hm², 2% potassium nitrophenolate AS 150 mL/hm²) were used for spray treatment at the initial stage of tea bud germination and single bud stage, respectively, with spraying water as the control (CK). The effects of tea on the growth, yield, safety and appearance quality of tea were analyzed. The results showed that the 7 plant growth regulators tested could increase germination density and had a significant regulatory effect on the germination and growth of tea buds. After the second spray, the fresh tea yield increased by 12.77% to 47.35% compared to the CK, among them, the treatment with 0.136% gibberellin·indoleacetic acid·brassinolide WP at 75.0 g/hm² showed a significant increase in tea yield. 7 plant growth regulators were found to be safe for tea plant growth, improving product appearance and quality (increased bud production, tender leaves, uniform color, thickness, and size of tea shoots and leaves), while posing no harm to beneficial arthropods such as spiders. This article provides a reference for selecting suitable plant growth regulators to promote tea growth.

To investigate the effects of the plant growth regulator Iron Chlorine e6 on rice growth, an experiment was conducted using the rice variety Ningxiangjing 9. The following treatments were applied: seed dressing with 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 (A1, 22.5 g/hm²; A2, 45.0 g/hm²; A3, 67.5 g/hm²; A4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the jointing stage (B1, 22.5 g/hm²; B2, 45.0 g/hm²; B3, 67.5 g/hm²; B4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the booting stage (C1, 22.5 g/hm²; C2, 45.0 g/hm²; C3, 67.5 g/hm²; C4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control). The traits, yield, and safety of rice plants under different treatments were determined. The results showed that foliar spraying of 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 soluble powder increased panicle length and plant height, while seed dressing effectively thickened the basal internodes and enhanced lodging resistance. Both methods, at application rates of 45.0-90.0 g/hm², prevented lodging. Both seed dressing and foliar spraying of Iron Chlorine e6 increased the hundred-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield of rice, with yield increases ranging from 2.14% to 11.95%. The C4 treatment achieved the highest yield (11 303.55 kg/hm²). All treatments were safe for rice growth. Considering economic benefits, it is recommended to apply 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 at 67.5 g/hm² during the booting stage to improve rice yield.

The application of plant growth regulators is one of the important measures for the high quality and high yield cultivation of Capsicum annuum. Application research progress of plant growth regulators in promoting the growth of Capsicum annuum, enhancing their stress resistance, and promoting redness and leaf removal of Capsicum annuum were reviewed. The results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of plant growth regulators such as brassinolide and chitosan oligosaccharides at the appropriate time was conducive to promoting plant growth, achieving the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality, seed germination, cultivating strong seedlings, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and dwarfization of plant type, and improving the seedling strength index. At the same time, it could enhance the ability of Capsicum annuum seedlings to withstand high temperature and drought stress, low temperature and weak light stress, and the damage caused by saline-alkali and waterlogging disasters, and it could alleviate drug damage and continuous cropping obstacles. The special defoliating agent for Capsicum annuum had certain defoliating and reddening effects. Subsequently, research on the regulation of Capsicum annuum plant type by plant growth regulators should be further intensified. This article provides a reference for the safe application of plant growth regulators in Capsicum annuum production.

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry production, which can reduce the yield and quality of strawberry and cause certain economic losses. The pathogen and symptoms of strawberry gray mold, the infection cycle of the disease, the main factors influencing its occurrence, and comprehensive control measures were elaborated. There are many types of pathogens causing strawberry gray mold, mainly including Botrytis cinerea, B. caroliniana, and B. sinoviticola, etc. The main damage is to the fruit, initially showing water-soaked spots, and later expanding into gray-brown soft rot spots covered with mold; infected flower organs, leaves, and petioles show browning, rotting, and mold. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the form of conidia, mycelium, or sclerotia in diseased residues and soil, and spreads through air currents, water vapor, or agricultural operations, infecting plants through wounds or natural openings, and repeatedly reinfecting in a humid environment. The main factors influencing the occurrence of this disease include variety resistance, fruit maturity and whether it is damaged, the amount of bacteria carried by various plant organs, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, the amount of spores in the air), and cultivation and management measures (close planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and continuous cropping). In production, it is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures including agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties and high ridge mulching cultivation, ecological control measures such as high-temperature fumigation, biological control measures such as applying antagonistic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium lateritium Pa2) and plant-derived agents (eugenol, carvacrol), and chemical control measures such as alternating use of low-toxic and highly effective fungicides such as procymidone and boscalid to effectively control the occurrence of strawberry gray mold. In the future, systematic research needs to be conducted in areas such as resistance monitoring systems, development of environmentally friendly fungicides, and disease monitoring and early warning systems to provide references for the control and in-depth study of this disease.

The virus-free tissue culture technology using potato stem tips is able to restore variety characteristics and improve potato yield and quality, making it one of the key biotechnologies in seed potato production. The entire process of virus-free tissue culture technology using potato stem tips was systematically elaborated, and its common problems along with control strategies were summarized. The technical procedure involved pretreatment of explants, shoot tip dissection, primary culture of plantlets, virus detection, and in vitro propagation of plantlets. During the primary culture stage, the explants were sterilized and pretreated, and then cultured in a specific medium to induce the differentiation of apical meristems into plantlets. The obtained primary plantlets were subjected to virus detection using serological and molecular biological methods. After confirming the absence of viruses, the plantlets were transferred to propagation and strengthening media for multiplication. 3 major issues encountered during the tissue culture process were contamination, vitrification, and browning. Contamination, caused by bacteria, fungi, or endophytes, was prevented through strict aseptic techniques, environmental sterilization, and the addition of antibiotics or bacteriostatic agents to the culture medium. Vitrified plantlets, characterized by a translucent and fragile appearance, were primarily induced by unsuitable culture conditions or excessive subculturing, and could be mitigated by adjusting light and temperature conditions, regulating hormone concentrations, and incorporating dark culture periods. Browning, a phenomenon where wounded explants secreted brown substances leading to death, was commonly suppressed by adding anti-browning agents such as sodium thiosulfate. This article provides a reference for the production of virus-free seed potatoes

Abiotic stresses such as light, drought, heavy metals and salinity are important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of plants. As a natural herbaceous plant, the growth and development of Mentha canadensis can also be affected by abiotic stresses. The effects of abiotic stresses such as light, drought and heavy metals on the germination of Mentha canadensis seeds and the growth of seedlings were reviewed. Blue light significantly promotes the growth of mint stems, while red and blue light can promote the growth of its roots. In a weakened environment, the root system grows slowly, the photosynthetic rate decreases, and the accumulation of organic matter reduces. Under drought stress, the photosynthesis of Mentha canadensis is inhibited, and the integrity of its biofilm structure is affected, which is not conducive to the improvement of its yield and quality. Heavy metals chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) all show the characteristics of promoting the growth of Mentha canadensis at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. Moreover, with the increase of the treatment concentration, their physiological activities are affected to varying degrees. Salt and alkali can affect the seed germination of this plant and the growth of the embryo shoot and embryo root. Other factors such as CO₂ concentration, moisture content and ambient temperature can all have an impact on the growth of Mentha canadensis. This article provides references for exploring the mechanism of Mentha canadensis’s response to abiotic stress.

The current status of the Huainan Bagongshan tofu industry and its brand construction, as well as the application of animation IP in empowering local characteristic industries were analyzed, and the practice of Bagongshan tofu animation IP design in brand enhancement was explored. Currently, challenges such as insufficient brand differentiation, weak digital communication, and inadequate industrial integration depth hinder the development of the Bagongshan tofu industry. As an emerging cultural medium, animation IP offers innovative pathways for the creative transformation of agricultural cultural heritage. It serves as a vital tool for building rural characteristic industries, optimizing rural industrial structures, promoting economic transformation, and providing new models for rural governance and public services. By integrating regional cultural, landscape, and industrial elements, animation IP can shape culturally distinctive brand images, attract younger consumer groups, and foster the inheritance and innovation of agricultural cultural heritage. Taking the “Doubao” animation IP as an example, the design of characters, derivative product development, and cultural industrial park construction have achieved the modern expression of traditional tofu culture and industrial value transformation. The practice demonstrates that combining animation IP with local characteristic industries not only drives youthful brand dissemination but also establishes a “cultural empowerment + industrial revitalization” dual-driven model, offering a replicable example for the sustainable development of rural specialty industries.

To understand the risk factors in yeast products, brewing yeast and high-active dry yeast products sold in market were selected. A fishbone diagram was used to identify and analyze potential risk factors, and pathogenic microorganisms as well as heavy metals (total arsenic and lead) were measured. The results showed that the main risks in yeast products were associated with raw materials, fermentation, and production processes. No pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected in any of the tested products. The total arsenic and lead contents in the products were consistently low, complying with safety standards, and exhibited a year-on-year decreasing trend, with no lead residues were detected in yeast extracts, yeast-based compound seasonings, etc. These findings indicate that yeast products have a high safety profile.

Combined with the climatic characteristics and soil conditions of the Jianghuai Watershed region, the efficient cultivation techniques of blueberry suitable for this region were summarized. Specifically, it is advisable to choose plots with abundant sunlight, loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and good ecological conditions. The blueberry varieties suitable for cultivation in the research area include south highbush blueberry and rabbit eye blueberry. Before planting, thoroughly clean the garden, select the best seedlings for planting, and strengthen the management after planting. Adjust the soil pH by using acidic organic matter and acidic fertilizers; during the growth process of blueberry, it is necessary to scientifically manage fertilizer and water, as well as shaping and pruning. Pest and disease control is carried out by means of manual operation, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, biological pesticides, chemical agents, etc. Weed control in time, cut grass for tree tray cover or for making waterlogged compost; harvest at the right time and store scientifically. This article provides a reference for the cultivation and management of blueberry in similar areas.

To compare the historical evolution, medicinal effects and chemical components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, the authentic evolution, efficacy verification and active components of two medicinal materials were analyzed. The key components in the pulp and seeds of the two were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the contents of saponin B and spinosin in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herbal research showed that jujube was mainly produced in Shandong and Shanxi provinces, while Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was mainly produced in the North China Plain and other northern regions. Both contain active components such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, but the content of hypnotic components (such as spinosin and saponin B) in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was higher after stir-frying. TLC and HPLC showed that both the pulp of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen contained oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, while the seed of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen only contained betulinic acid, and neither of the two was detected in the seed of jujube. The content of saponin B in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was determined by HPLC to be 0.021 7 mg/g, and that of spinosin was 0.072 6 mg/g, which might be related to the variety or harvest period. The above results indicated that the flesh components of jujube and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were similar, but the kernels were significantly different. The medicinal parts of the two cannot be replaced. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen need to be stir-fried to increase efficiency, and their pulp can be developed into food (such as vinegar, pastries) to improve utilization.

Based on a comprehensive interpretation of the all-age friendly concept and the connotation of urban renewal, as well as the current challenges in urban park renovation, Shenyang Kejian Park was taken as a case. From the perspective of all-age friendly, the park’s challenges through empirical analysis were pointed out, and renewal strategies for creating an all-age friendly urban park were proposed. Against the backdrop of urban renewal, urban park renovation has shifted toward all-age friendly, diversity, and refinement. Current efforts still need improvement in ecological functions, biodiversity, spatial composite utilization, and maintenance management. Kejian Park faces shortcomings in rational functional zoning, infrastructure functionality, road network accessibility, and diversified plant configuration. Accordingly,renewal and activation strategies for all-age friendly urban parks were proposed，including enriching functional zones to create shared activity spaces for all ages; upgrading infrastructure and adding industrial-themed interactive installations; optimizing the hierarchical road network system to enhance spatial accessibility; diversifying plant community configurations to strengthen ecological service functions. This research provides a reference for enhancing similar urban park renewal projects.

To investigate the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of selenium (Se) in the soil-crop (rice, corn) system, this study collected and analyzed 1 429 paddy field-rice samples and 1 536 dryland-corn samples. Combining methods such as inverse distance weighting interpolation, hot/cold spot analysis, correlation analysis, and random forest models, the distribution and enrichment patterns of selenium in the soil-crop system were investigated. The relationships between parent material, soil physicochemical properties [soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH], essential trace elements [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)], climatic factors [altitude (ASL), slope (SLP), annual precipitation (PRCP), mean temperature (TEMP)] and soil Se, crop Se, and bioaccumulation factors (BCF) were analyzed. The results showed that,(1) The average Se content in paddy soils was 0.66 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 80.13%), while that in dryland soils was 0.58 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 73.83%). (2) Moran’s I indices for paddy soil Se, dryland soil Se, rice Se, corn Se, rice BCF, and corn BCF were 0.46, 0.31, 0.38, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.07 respectively, indicating moderate spatial autocorrelation influenced by both structural and stochastic factors. (3) Parent material significantly influenced the spatial variation of soil Se, with greater impact on rice Se than corn Se, potentially related to crop species differences. (4) The random forest modeling identified PRCP, ASL, TEMP, and SOM as primary predictors of soil Se; PRCP, TEMP, and ASL for crop Se; SOM and PRCP for rice BCF; SOM, ASL, and TEMP for corn BCF. This study provides references for selenium-rich resource utilization in relevant areas.

based on the climatic conditions of Zhou Rui Town, Dabu County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, high yield cultivation and postharvest preservation techniques for loquats were analyzed. The study area features a mild four-season climate with concurrent rainfall and heat, long summers, and short winters, making it highly suitable for cultivation. The high yield cultivation involves selecting deep, loose, well-drained soil for planting, with optimal timing in February (before spring bud emergence), early summer, or autumn. Key practices include pit expansion and soil improvement for young trees, balanced application of compound and organic fertilizers, controlled irrigation, timely fertilization to promote growth, and winter-spring pruning and fruit thinning for mature trees. During flowering and fruiting stages, measures such as flower stimulation, thinning, and fruit bagging are implemented. Major diseases and pests including leaf spot, anthracnose, loquat psyllid, and oriental fruit moth， are managed through preventive, integrated green control strategies. Postharvest protocols emphasize harvesting during dew-free mornings, evenings, or cloudy days, followed by rigorous sorting to remove damaged or diseased fruit before grading, packaging, and cold-chain transport. Preservation employs low-temperature storage, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment, and controlled atmosphere storage to extend shelf life. The research and development of deep-processed loquat products should be further expanded to increase their added value. This article provides a reference for the high yield cultivation and storage of loquat in the relevant areas.

The parental sources, breeding process, variety characteristics, seed production techniques, and high yield cultivation techniques of maize variety Zhongxu No.1 were summarized and analyzed. This variety was cultivated with ZF428 as the female parent and ZX410 as the male parent. It was approved by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024 (approval number: Wanshenyu 2024T004). This variety was planted in the north of the Huai River in Anhui Province, and had the characteristics of good field growth, excellent quality, strong resistance, and high yield. The key points of its seed production technology include selecting plots with good water conservancy conditions and flat terrain as seed production bases; strictly set up isolation zones through methods such as spatial and temporal isolation; staged impurity removal treatment to eliminate mixed seedlings in the field; adopting the method of touching the buds with leaves to remove the male spikes from the maternal plant; reasonably arrange the parent line ratio and sowing schedule; predicting the flowering period and adjust it using chemical and physical methods to ensure that the flowering periods meet; timely harvest and separate storage to prevent mixing. High yield cultivation techniques include selecting suitable plots for light, temperature, fertilizer, and water conditions for planting; sow at the appropriate time and sow content; adopting a single seed sowing machine to ensure reasonable seedling density; soil sealing and weed control before sowing, chemical weed control during the 3-5 leaf stage; apply sufficient basal fertilizer, apply timely topdressing during the bell mouth and pollination periods, and supplement zinc, boron, and other trace element fertilizers in moderation; timely irrigation and timely drainage of accumulated water in the fields; adopting appropriate pesticides to prevent and control pests and diseases such as ground tiger, maize borer, rust, etc.; harvest maize kernels promptly when the milk ripening line completely disappears. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety.

Maize intercropping mode was recognized as an important technical measure to address arable land constraints and enhance the land utilization. The regulatory effects of maize intercropping with other crops including soybean on farmland ecology and agricultural production were summarized, and key considerations for intercropping were analyzed. Through spatiotemporal niche complementarity to enhance land use efficiency. The structure of soil microbial communities was improved (increased bacterial diversity and regulated fungal communities), thereby strengthening soil fertility and ecological functions. The tall maize stalks provided natural shading for shade-preferring crops (Polygonatum sibiricum, Amorphophallus konjac), regulating micro environmental humidity and light conditions. Nutrient accumulation in crops was promoted (increased crude protein in soybeans, enhanced heavy metal enrichment in Sedum alfredii), leading to improved quality. Suitable crop varieties were selected based on their characteristics, and field management was optimized, including rational planting density (adjusting row spacing to reduce shading effects), improved water and fertilizer management, and pest control (utilizing crop interactions to suppress pests). This study provided a reference for promoting the application of maize intercropping with other crops.

This investigation mainly adopts the method of line investigation, and combines field investigation, sample plot investigation, individual tree investigation, literature review, and interviews with informed people to assist in the investigation. It analyzes the types, quantities, and distribution status of wild forest trees, collected and preserved species, cultivated and utilized species, ancient and famous trees, rare and protected forest and grass species, superior stands and superior individual trees, as well as herbaceous species and other forest and grass germplasm resources in Jieshou City, Anhui Province. The results show that 46 kinds of wild forest resources such as Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora and Camphora officinarum are recorded; 5 kinds of germplasm resources such as Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Wanhuai1’, Quercus acutissima,Koelreuteria bipinnata,and ‘integrifoliola’ are collected and preserved; 130 kinds of forest and grass germplasm resources such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus bungeana are cultivated and utilized; 43 ancient and famous tree species such as Pistacia chinensis, Ailanthus altissima, and Ehretia acuminata are recorded; 6 kinds of rare and protected forest and grass species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Eucommia ulmoides, and Zelkova serrata are recorded; 4 excellent stands and 10 excellent individual trees are collected; and 92 kinds of herbage germplasm resources such as Equisetum ramosissimum, Nymphaea tetragona and Hemerocallis fulva are recorded. Based on the distribution of resources, measures such as establishing in situ preservation repositories, off-site preservation repositories, forest germplasm resource databases, and strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plants have been proposed. This paper provides a reference for establishing an information management system for forest and grass germplasm resources in the research area and scientifically formulating long-term protection and utilization plans for forest and grass germplasm resources.

Direct seeding of rice is a cultivation method that involves sowing seeds directly in the field, eliminating the need for seedling nursery and transplanting. The efficient cultivation management techniques were summarized from aspects such as variety selection, sowing methods, pre-sowing treatments, and sowing management. In production, rice varieties suitable for local cultivation with strong lodging resistance should be selected for direct seeding ( early rice varieties like Songyazao No.1, late rice varieties like Huanghuazhan, and dual-season varieties like Meixiangzhan No.2). Wet direct seeding with broadcast sowing is predominantly used for direct seeding rice due to its labor-saving and high efficiency, while hole sowing in dry direct seeding is adopted in arid regions to enhance yield. Pre-sowing practices include weed control (using herbicides such as 10% glufosinate-ammonium), field preparation (mechanical deep plowing and subsoiling), and land leveling combined with fertilization. Pre-sowing seed treatments involve sun-drying (1–2 days), seed soaking (using 25% prochloraz emulsion), and germination acceleration (placed at 30–32°C for 1–2 days). Timely sowing is crucial (early rice in early March, late rice in mid-to-early July), with a seeding rate of 3.5–4.0 kg/667 m⊃2; for conventional rice and 3.0-3.5 kg/667 m⊃2; for hybrid rice. Weed control techniques include pre-emergence treatment (using herbicides such as 40% bensulfuron-methyl · pretilachlor) 2–4 days after sowing, post-emergence control (using herbicides like penoxsulam and bentazone) 15-20 days after sowing, and late-stage supplementary control (using herbicides such as 2-methyl-4-chloro · bentazone or manual weeding) when rice reaches the 7–8 leaf stage. In field management, timely topdressing and scientific water management based on the principle of “deep water for seedling protection, shallow water for tillering, ample water for booting, and moist field for large panicle development” are essential. Additionally, chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol should be applied 3–5 days before jointing to prevent lodging. While implementing integrated disease and pest management as in conventional rice fields, special attention should be paid to controlling sheath blight during the mid-to-late growth stages of rice. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of high yield cultivation management techniques for direct seedling rice.

To understand the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of maize under formula fertilization by soil testing conditions, the experiment established five treatments:soil testing and formulated fertilization (NPK), soil testing and formulated fertilization without nitrogen (PK), soil testing and formulated fertilization without phosphorus (NK), soil testing and formulated fertilization without potassium (NP), and no fertilization (CK). The maize yield, yield components, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content under different fertilization conditions were measured, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiency as well as input-output ratio were calculated.The results showed that the NPK treatment had the highest values for ear number, kernel number per ear, 100-kernel weight, and actual yield, reaching 2 928.5 ears/666.7 m⊃2;, 567.8 kernels, 35.2 g, and 585 kg/666.7 m⊃2;, respectively. NPK treatment the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in maize grains and straw were 9.20%, 3.42%, 5.53% and 10.10%, 3.80%, 14.4%, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiency reached 42.26%, 24.38%, and 48.32%, respectively. The input-output ratios for NPK, PK, NK, NP, and CK were 5.33, 4.15, 5.18, 5.25, and 4.58, respectively. These results indicated that the soil testing and formulated fertilization in this experiment effectively improved maize yield and production investment ratio.

Based on the occurrence and damage of the main rice diseases and insect pests, the comprehensive control technologies, including agricultural, biological, physical and chemical prevention and control were discussed. The primary diseases included rice blast (which infected leaves, nodes, and panicles), sheath blight (which infected basal leaf sheaths), and false smut (a panicle disease). The major pests included rice planthopper (which sucked sap), the rice leaf roller (which damaged leaves by rolling), and rice stem borers (which bored into stems). The integrated control was centered on the ecosystem and combined agricultural, biological, physical, and chemical technologies. Agricultural control involved selecting resistant varieties and implementing scientific field management; biological control generally utilized natural enemies and integrated crop-aquaculture systems; physical control often employed measures such as trapping and barrier methods; chemical control was focused on reducing application quantities and increasing efficiency by selecting low-toxicity agents. By comprehensively applying these control technologies, precise prediction and green management were achieved, which protected rice yield and quality and promoted sustainable agricultural development.

To investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on seed germination and growth of wheat, two cultivars, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15, were selected as experimental materials. 6 Zn concentration gradients (ZnSO₄ 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) were set, with 0 mg/L as the control (CK). The germination indicators, growth indicators and physiological indicators of each group were measured. The results showed that in terms of germination parameters, as Zn concentration increased, the germination potential and germination rate of both wheat cultivars first increased and then decreased; at 100 mg/L Zn, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15 exhibited higher germination rates and germination potentials. Regarding growth indicators, with increasing Zn concentration, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of both cultivars initially increased and then decreased, whereas root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight gradually declined. For physiological indices, as Zn concentration increased, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in both wheat cultivars showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In contrast, peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content progressively increased, while free proline content first decreased and then increased. In conclusion, Zn concentrations of 50-100 mg/L were conducive to the seed germination and seeding growth of Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15; Zn concentration exceeding 100 mg/L had a certain inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination.

The advantages, types, production processes, color treatment technologies, and preservation methods of dried flowers were systematically explored, aiming to provide practical technical references for dried flower production enthusiasts and theoretical support for the standardized and large-scale development of the dried flower industry. The core advantages of dried flowers lie in using natural plants as raw materials, which can retain the original shape and color of plants, have a long ornamental period, break through the limitation of flowering periods to realize free matching, and feature diverse application methods as well as low costs and low risks in the circulation link. In terms of classification, dried flowers can be divided into three-dimensional flowers and flat flowers by shape; by color treatment method, they can be divided into original-color dried flowers, bleached dried flowers, dyed dried flowers, and painted dried flowers. In terms of production processes, the collection of flower materials should be selected according to application scenarios, and post-harvest flower materials need to be preserved, trimmed and matched with appropriate equipment; drying methods include pressed flower drying, natural drying, desiccant embedding drying, and artificial environment-controlled drying. Color treatment technologies include chemical color retention, dyeing, and painting. For preservation, it is necessary to avoid light, high humidity, and insect infestation; dried flowers are recommended to be placed in a dry, well-ventilated, and clean environment, and insect prevention measures should be taken when necessary. In the future, with the innovation of dried flower technology and the expansion of application scenarios, the dried flower industry is expected to play a greater role in the fields of decoration, art, and environmental protection, further contributing to the sustainable development of related industries.

Based on literature review and practice, the application practice of Juncao technology was analyzed, with its limitations in the field of ecological agriculturey were systematicall explored, while corresponding improvement strategies were proposed. In ecological remediation, Juncao demonstrates significant effectiveness in rehabilitating heavy metal-contaminated soils and polluted water bodies. Regarding feed production, Juncao fermented feed exhibits rich nutritional value and excellent palatability, effectively promoting weight gain in beef cattle, reducing feed costs, decreasing pollutant emissions, and achieving dual enhancement of ecological and economic benefits. Circular models such as“Juncao-breeding-planting”and“Juncao-edible fungi-organic fertilizer”have realized resource recycling and waste valorization. However, challenges remain in technology popularization, funding investment, and guarantee system for Juncao applications. To address these issues, strategies including intensified research and development and promotion, establishment of diversified funding mechanisms, improved policy support and institutional safeguards, enhanced technical service systems, and expanded market applications are proposed to advance Juncao industry development. This research provides valuable references for promoting the broader adoption of Juncao technology.

Based on the practice of highland lettuce planting in Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, the standardized and efficient cultivation technology of highland lettuce were systematically analyzed from the aspects of environment requirements, variety selection, fine land preparation, seedling transplanting and so on. In terms of the environmental requirements for the production area, a cold and cool highland region with an altitude of over 600 m is selected. The terrain of the plot should be high, dry, open and flat. In terms of variety selection, choose varieties with stable traits, high quality, high yield, strong adaptability and stress resistance, good storage and transportation properties, and suitable for mechanized planting, such as Romaine lettuce, Italian lettuce, etc. In terms of meticulous land preparation, the garden should be cleared in a timely manner, appropriate mechanical deep ploughing of the soil should be selected, and a base fertilizer + top dressing model should be adopted. In terms of seed treatment, before sowing, mix the seeds with 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, etc. When the temperature is above 25 ℃, the seeds should undergo low-temperature germination treatment. In terms of seedling transplanting, floating seedling raising in trays and hydroponic seedling raising on plastic tray cold bed substrates are adopted. Substrates that are loose, have good water retention and air permeability, and are free of pathogens are selected. Precise seeding should be carried out either manually or with precision seeding equipment. The seeding amount should be 1 to 2 seeds per hole, and the seeding depth should be 0.5 to 1.0 cm. In terms of planting management, for early spring crops, when the temperature in the 5 cm soil layer stabilizes above 10 ℃, it is advisable to plant in the morning or afternoon on a sunny day or on a cloudy day. In terms of seedling management, water and fertilize reasonably according to the growth conditions of lettuce at different growth stages. In terms of pest and disease control, it is necessary to promptly and thoroughly remove diseased and dead plants and weeds in the fields, set up insect-proof nets, utilize natural enemy populations of pests such as ladybugs, and spray appropriate chemical agents to control pests and diseases. In terms of timely harvesting, when the leaves of lettuce are plump, tender green and free of disease spots and dry leaves, it is advisable to harvest them in the early morning or around sunset. In terms of agricultural production waste treatment, centralized and unified treatment of agricultural residual films and pesticide packaging waste is carried out, and fertilizer packaging waste is recycled. This article provides a reference for the development of the alpine lettuce industry.

Based on production practice, the planting techniques of small potted peonies from aspects such as rootstock selection, variety selection, and grafting propagation were summarized, and the maintenance techniques from aspects such as nutrient management, pest and disease control, and shaping and pruning were also summarized. The planting techniques mainly include selecting 2 to 3-year-old seedlings that are vigorous and have well-developed root systems, with a length of 10 to 15 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, as well as rootstocks with a root tip diameter of over 1 cm and a length of 15 to 20 cm. Select potted peony varieties with strong growth vigor, adaptability, robustness and no diseases or pests. Remove weeds in time and apply fertilizers reasonably; choose containers with good air permeability and light weight. Grafting should be carried out when the temperature is between 21 and 25 ℃. The grafting interface is easy to heal. The scions should be grafted immediately after collection, using the modified tongue grafting method or the mortise and tenon tongue grafting method onto the special peony roots. The outside should be tightly tied with hemp ropes, and the interface should be sealed with wax. Select substrates with good structure and aeration, as well as strong water absorption and retention capabilities. Maintenance techniques include the rational application of organic and chemical fertilizers. Spray 1 000 times diluted 70% wettable powder of carbendazim and 800 to 1 000 times diluted 20% triadimefon to control gray mold and powdery mildew. After flowering, carry out shaping and pruning. Keep 6 to 10 or 3 to 6 main branches in each pot. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of planting and maintaining techniques for small potted peonies.

To promote sustainable agricultural development, the efficient water-saving irrigation technologies and their advantages were briefly introduced, the application of water-saving irrigation technologies was analyzed such as water conveyance, irrigation, and intelligent irrigation in agricultural water conservancy projects, and the targeted promotion strategies were proposed. Efficient water-saving irrigation technologies include drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation, as well as water and fertilizer integration, and other intelligent irrigation technologies, which can provide precise, timed, and quantitative irrigation based on the actual water demand and soil conditions of crops. In terms of application in agricultural water conservancy projects, water-saving irrigation technologies such as pipeline water supply and anti-seepage channel water supply can reduce water leakage and evaporation during the transportation process. Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other water-saving irrigation technologies can transport water to crops through local irrigation and other methods, which have advantages such as water conservation and yield increase; the intelligent irrigation system effectively improves the water-saving effect by real-time collection and processing of soil moisture and other information, and implementing intelligent management. The promotion strategy includes strengthening the unified planning of water-saving irrigation projects, increasing the acceptance and participation of growers; differentiated selection of suitable water-saving irrigation methods and provision of supporting operational training services; Apply water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system to provide personalized irrigation solutions. This article provides references for achieving efficient utilization of water resources and promoting the promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technology in agricultural water conservancy projects.

The breeding process, cultivation characteristics, and high yield cultivation techniques of maize variety Fengda 928 were summarized. This variety was developed by crossing the inbred line LP6WC (female parent) with FGK01 (male parent), resulting in an early-maturing maize hybrid suitable for machine harvesting. In multi-year, multi-location regional and demonstration trials, it exhibited excellent stability and broad adaptability, with a growth period of 128 days, plant height of 273.4 cm, and 1 000-grain weight of 345.5 g. The average yield in regional trials ranged from 12 180 to 13 236 kg/hm². It demonstrated strong lodging resistance, moderate resistance to stalk rot and head smut, and grain compositions of 4.05% crude fat and 73.35% crude starch. Key high yield cultivation techniques included: early sowing with sufficient soil moisture at a depth of 4-5 cm; moderate planting density of 75 000-85 000 plants/hm² in Northeast and North China; fertilization based on organic manure combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, supplemented with boron to enhance yield; integrated pest, disease, and weed management, including pre-emergence herbicide application, insect control at seedling stage, stem borer prevention at the bell stage, and leaf disease control during pollination; and delayed mechanical harvest after the milk line disappearance to maximize yield and quality. This article provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety.

The application principles of the concept of nature education in the design of children’s parks were analyzed, taking the children’s park in Urumqi as the research object, and the strategies for creating its nature education space were explored. The design principles of children’s parks based on the concept of nature education mainly include creating a natural exploration environment suitable for arid climates and strengthening terrain design and plant configuration. Highlight the content of ecological education and build a systematic environmental interpretation system; design multi-level interactive natural experience facilities to meet the development needs of children of different age groups; emphasize the organic integration of regional culture and nature education, highlighting regional characteristics. The landscape design of the research area adopts a natural curve form, dividing it into the entrance comprehensive leisure area, the dynamic science popularization park area, the five-sense experience area, the waterfront science popularization experience area, the dense forest adventure area and the agricultural activity experience area. In terms of plant configuration, evergreen plants are taken as the base, and deciduous trees and flowering shrubs are appropriately added to enrich the seasonal changes. The design of ecosystem science popularization facilities should take into account the inheritance of regional culture, ecological friendliness and children’s adaptability, and transform local traditional patterns, folk tales and other cultural symbols into interactive features of science popularization facilities. Combine the spatial layout design of the children’s park to create a variety of interpretation media. This article provides a reference for promoting the innovative development of children’s park design.

This study focuses on the Huangshan region of Anhui Province. The current application status and constraints of fertigation technology were analyzed, with corresponding promotion strategies proposed. The technology has been applied on a certain scale in the research region, yielding notable economic and ecological benefits, reducing labor intensity, and facilitating the intensive production and appropriately scaled operations. However, challenges remain, including uneven crop coverage (concentrated on cash crops such as fruits and vegetables, with limited promotion scale for grain crops); differences in infrastructure between regions and among business entities; constraints on application willingness of ordinary farmers due to the complex technical system, investment, and risks; farmer’ enthusiasm reduced due to equipment failures from inadequate water, electricity, and road infrastructure and external factors; restricted technology promotion due to insufficient compatibility between equipment and fertilizers and the lack of industry standards; and affected technology dissemination due to shortages of compound technical talents and insufficient training. To address these constraints, countermeasures are proposed, including improving field infrastructure construction; establishing a multi-level policy and technical procedure system to promote technology dissemination; constructing a collaborative promotion mechanism to facilitate technology application; enhancing infrastructure support and building a professional technical service system; advancing systematic research, development, and integration of equipment, fertilizers, and agronomy to enhance application effectiveness; strengthening technical guidance and multi-level training to cultivate compound technical talents. These research provide a reference for the large-scale promotion of fertigation technology in the Huangshan and similar areas.