Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.

To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

Jasminum species are often deciduous or evergreen small trees, upright or climbing shrubs, widely used in landscaping, medicinal and other fields. On the basis of relevant literature, the resource research progress on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity, ecological and biological characteristics, chemical composition, reproductive technology, and utilization value of Jasminum species were reviewed. In terms of geographical distribution and genetic diversity,there are about 47 species of Jasminum species, with a wide variety of species, widespread distribution, and rich genetic diversity. In terms of ecology and biological characteristics, the flowering period of this species, and the flowers have a strong aroma; the fruits and seeds are generally black spherical, and the plants are sensitive to changes in the external environment. In terms of chemical composition, different parts of this species contain physiologically active substances such as salicylic acid and caffeine, as well as volatile components such as benzyl acetate and linalool, which have broad development and utilization value. In terms of reproductive technology, its plant setting rate is not high, the germination rate of seeds is low, and the main propagation methods are asexual propagation such as cutting and tissue culture. In terms of utilization value, the Jasminum species have medicinal properties such as delaying aging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects; can be applied to wall, balcony, and window greening, with certain ornamental value; in addition, it also has high economic value and cultural connotations.This article provides references for the development of industries related to plants in Jasminum species.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

The strip intercropping model of soybean and corn can fully utilize the edge row advantage and reasonably coordinate the needs of soybean and corn plants for light, fertilizer, and water. The practice of strip intercropping of soybean and corn in Northern Anhui Province was combined, and its high yield cultivation techniques and promotion effects were summarized. High yield cultivation techniques include selecting suitable soybean and corn varieties; reduce plant spacing, ensure density, and choosing soybean corn planting model of 4:2 or 6:4; adopt fungicides, insecticides, etc. for seed coating treatment, and adhere to the “four suitable” sowing methods of suitable period, suitable soil moisture, suitable depth, and suitable formula; applying sufficient basal fertilizer and applying topdressing at the appropriate time; timely check and supplement seedlings, adopting the weed control method of “closed weeding+spraying on stems and leaves after seedlings”, and paying attention to isolation measures; adopting integrated agricultural, physical, biological, and chemical control techniques for disease and pest prevention and control; timely chemical control to prevent plant lodging; after soybeans and corn mature, appropriate machinery is used for harvesting. The research area was promoted the applied this model from 2022 to 2024, achieving the goal of “basically no reduction in corn production and one additional season of beans”. This article provides a reference for promoting the strip intercropping model of soybean and corn in Northern Anhui Province and related areas.

The research on the biological activities of chemical components and applications of Angelica dahurica by consulting relevant literature were reviewed. The main chemical components of Angelica dahurica include coumarins, volatile oils, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and others. These bioactive compounds exhibit various effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, with multiple potential therapeutic targets. The mechanisms of action may be related to the regulation of vascular active substances, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in the body. Angelica dahurica can be combined with other traditional Chinese medicines for topical treatment of skin diseases, administered orally or externally to alleviate various types of pain and inflammation. It effectively dilates arterial blood vessels, promotes blood circulation, and regulates blood viscosity, thereby providing therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular diseases. This article provides a reference for the further study of the biological activity of Angelica dahurica.

The formation mechanism and functional characteristics of protein-polysaccharide complex products have become one of the research focuses in the field of agricultural product processing. The mechanism, influencing factors, and functional properties of protein-polysaccharide complexes were explored. When proteins are mixed into a solution containing polysaccharides, two characteristic substances meet and produce electrostatic attraction or electrostatic repulsion, thereby forming a complex or discrete solution; the influencing factors of the interaction between the two include their own properties such as chemical composition and molecular arrangement, pH, the ratio of the two concentrations and other external conditions, as well as the treatment processes such as pressure, pressure reduction, and stirring speed. Protein-polysaccharide complexes have rheological properties, fat substitutes, gas-liquid or liquid-liquid two-phase interfaces, can partially or completely replace fat or prepare edible films and coatings, etc. This article provides a reference for the in-depth research and development of protein-polysaccharide complexes.

To improve the yield of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and promote the high-quality development of Camellia oleifera industry. Based on the reconstruction practice of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera, three key techniques of care and reform, grafting and crown change, and renewal and transformation were summarized, which were suitable for the reconstruction of different types of low-yield forest Camellia oleifera. In terms of nurturing and transformation technology, it include reasonable control of density through thinning, pruning, and replanting, scientific pruning, removal of weak and excessively long branches, selection of deep excavation methods based on forest conditions, reasonable fertilization, bee pollination, and timely harvesting according to local climate conditions and planting varieties; the techniques of grafting and crown change include selection of appropriate grafting time and spike, tight grafting dressing and moisture after grafting, etc. There are two kinds of regeneration technology: dry cutting regeneration and afforestation regeneration, dry cutting regeneration is to cut off the main stem of the old and weak Camellia oleifera tree at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ground, keeping the cutting edge flat; afforestation regeneration includes land preparation, good seed and seedling strengthening, planting management and tending management. This article provides technical references for the reconstruction of low-yield forest of Camellia oleifera and related forest.

An overview of traditional and modern breeding techniques currently used for vegetable crops was provided. Traditional breeding includes extensive hybridization, inbreeding, etc. Although it can improve crop traits, it has limitations such as low efficiency and high cost. The introduction of modern breeding techniques such as mutagenesis and genome editing can effectively improve breeding efficiency and accuracy; the progress of genome sequencing and functional genomics has provided the possibility for a profound understanding of vegetable genomes and promoted precise improvement of traits; molecular marker technology and transgenic technology have also provided new means to improve vegetable yield, quality, and stress tolerance. By using these technologies for vegetable crop breeding, the adaptability and economic value of crops can be enhanced, ensuring food safety and nutritional requirements. In the future, we will continue to explore the potential of genome assisted breeding and apply technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to vegetable breeding, providing references for the development of high-yield, disease resistant, and stress tolerant vegetable varieties.

Y Liangyou 919 is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety selected from Y58S as the female parent and R919 as the male parent，the characteristics of its parents and high-yield seed production techniques were introduced. Y58S is a widely adaptable rice photoperiod temperature sensitive sterile line with excellent compatibility and high breeding yield; R919 is a dominant recovery line with lodging resistance, disease resistance and strong coordination force. Y Liangyou 919 can be used for post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters in Northwest Fujian Province. The high-yield seed production techniques includes reasonable arrangement of the sowing time difference between the father and mother plants, with the father plant sowing in mid May and the mother plant sowing in mid June being suitable; choose fields that are windward and sunny, have convenient drainage and irrigation, and have a medium to high fertility level as seedling fields. Use appropriate sowing rates, soak seeds with disinfectants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely and appropriate topdressing. Scientifically manage water and prevent diseases, pests, and weeds in a timely manner to cultivate strong seedlings; after harvesting tobacco leaves, timely plow and weed the fields, and transplant them, with a parent to child ratio of 1∶8; the full fertility period of the field, shallow water transplanting, inch water greening, thin water tillering, sufficient sun drying of seedlings, inch water booting, and dry and wet strong seeds should be achieved; apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply appropriate topdressing according to the growth of the seedlings; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, and neck blight based on the actual situation in the field and local pest and disease monitoring; the ideal flowering period for seed production of this variety should meet the standard that the male parent’s initial flowering period is 2 days later than the female parent’s, and should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual situation in the field; when the number of spikes reaches 25% to 30%, spray “920” plant growth regulator to ensure uniformity and pollination, and improve the fruiting rate; timely remove impurities and maintain purity, eliminate premature and abnormal plants; after the flowering is completed, promptly cut off the male parent and harvest 90% of the seeds in the field when they are ripe. This article provides references for high-yield seed production and promotion planting of hybrid rice.

Handou 13 has been widely used in soybean and corn belt compound planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and has obtained high-yield and benefit. The high-yield cultivation techniques of the ribbon compound of this variety were summarized and analyzed. This soybean variety had the characteristics of shade tolerance, high oil content, density tolerance, lodging resistance, high-yield, and suitable mechanical harvesting when planted in this area. Its high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting coated soybean seeds to prevent underground pest infestation and increase germination rate; planting soybean and corn in a 4∶2 ratio to ensure appropriate density. In terms of field management, proper watering should be done during the grain filling period, nutrients should be added according to crop needs, insect pests such as soybean spot bug and whitefly should be prevented scientifically, and take measures such as soil sealing and stem and leaf control to prevent weeds in the field, etc., so as to improve yield potential. Timely and appropriate spraying of plant growth regulators to control vigorous plant growth; choose joint harvesting machinery for timely harvesting, etc. This article provides references for the application of this variety in soybean corn ribbon compound planting.

Based on the practice of belt shaped composite planting of soybean and corn,the advantages and key points of its planting technology were summarized and analyzed, the problems in the application of the technology were pointed, and specific application strategies were propoesd. The spatial layout of soybean corn strip intercropping is reasonable, which is conducive to improving land use efficiency, increasing crop yield, and improving the ecological environment. The key cultivation techniques of this model include planting model selection, variety selection, suitable sowing, reasonable fertilization, chemical weed control, chemical pest control, and mechanical harvesting. In terms of production, this model currently has issues such as differences in sowing and harvesting machinery, inconsistent occurrence of pests, diseases, and weeds, and inconsistent prevention and control agents; in this regard, it is proposed to strengthen cooperative research and development, accelerate the development of new specialized machinery, improve the adaptability of machinery, select corn varieties resistant to soybean herbicides, strengthen the development of new pesticides, and thereby pay attention to field management and assist in achieving double harvests in one field. This article provides a reference for further promoting the belt shaped composite planting technology of soybean and corn.

To analyze the effect of selenium-rich yeast on the physicochemical properties and flavor of blueberry wine during fermentation, an exogenous selenium supply method was used to determine the selenium enrichment ability of 4 types of yeast, such as AG1, AG2, and LM. The yeast with the best selenium enrichment effect was selected for blueberry wine fermentation, and the physicochemical indicators such as amino acid nitrogen, total acid, and pH of the fermentation broth were measured along with the main flavor compounds during the fermentation process. The results showed that AG2 (15 mg/L) had the best selenium enrichment effect, during the fermentation of blueberry wine, the contents of amino acid nitrogen and total acid in blueberry wine increased, and the highest contents were 6.2 and 7.6 g/L on the 20th day of fermentation, respectively; pH decreased slowly at first and then tended to be stable; at the initial stage of fermentation (2-6 d), the reducing sugar content in blueberry wine decreased rapidly, and then became stable. With the extension of fermentation time, the alcohol content of fermented liquor increased first and then remained unchanged, and the highest alcohol content was 13.8 %vol on the 10th day. There were some similarities and differences in the types and relative contents of the main flavor substances in the fermentation of blueberry wine inoculated with the yeast. Both of them used isoamyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2, 3-butanediol to exert flavor. The results provide references for further research on the mechanism of selenium enrichment in blueberry wine.

To understand the distribution of plant resources in Guangzhou Yuexiu Park, the plant background resources(species composition, life forms, and dominant families and genera), geographical distribution of genera of seed plants, and plant application in Guangzhou Yuexiu Park were analyzed by means of literature review and field investigation. The results showed that, (1) there were 122 families, 367 genera and 502 species of vascular plants in the park (excluding subspecies), including 44 species of pteridophytes, 25 genera and 16 families, 10 species of gymnosperms, 8 genera and 6 families, and 448 species of angiosperms, 334 genera and 100 families. (2) The life types of vascular plants were mainly herbs, accounting for 43.82% of the total, trees accounted for 28.69%, shrubs accounted for 23.71%, vines accounted for 3.78%. (3) The number of dominant families accounted for 12.30% of the total number of families, and the number of species accounted for 47.61% of the total number of species. The characteristics of dominant families were obvious, and the composition of genera was relatively complex and diverse. (4) There were 7 variations in 10 distribution types of wild seed plants in 106 families, and 10 variations in 12 types of 342 genera, mainly tropical and subtropical distribution types. (5) Garden ornamental plants in the park could be divided into forest plants, landscape trees, and garden shade trees. Based on the survey results of plant resources, some suggestions were put forward, such as increasing the application of deciduous plants, introducing new garden plants and increasing native plants, to provide references for plant selection and application in urban parks.

The production and planting experience of a family farm in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui Province was combined, and the suitable environment, facility conditions, and key cultivation techniques for the growth of Morchella were summarized and analyzed. The cultivation of this fungus should be carried out on land with good air quality, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The soil should be loose, weakly alkaline, and well-permeable sandy loam; the cultivation facilities mainly consist of solar greenhouses, equipped with drip irrigation belts and atomization devices. The key points of facility cultivation techniques include selecting excellent varieties with mushroom shape, color, stable seed quality, thick meat texture, and high-yield; carry out soil plowing, disinfection, and prepare external nutrient packages before sowing; fine sowing, cover with black plastic film; do a good job in post-sowing management such as watering and mulching, temperature and light regulation, nutrient package placement, and mushroom urging; manage the mushroom production period in accordance with the requirements of each period; comprehensively applying agricultural methods, physical methods, biotechnology, and chemical techniques to effectively prevent and control bacterial contamination and pest infestations during the growth process of mushrooms; according to the principle of “picking large and keeping small”, harvest in a timely manner, and store or transport in a timely manner after harvesting. This article provides references for the development of facility cultivation industry of Morchella.

As an abiotic stress factor, UV-B radiation significantly impacts plant morphological development, physiological and biochemical processes, and molecular mechanisms. This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of UV-B radiation on plant morphology (e.g., inhibition of stem elongation, reduction in leaf area, and alteration of root-to-shoot ratio), as well as its direct or indirect damage to cell membrane stability, osmotic regulation substances (e.g., soluble sugars, proline), antioxidant defense systems (enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, APX, and non-enzymatic antioxidants), and photosynthetic systems. Plants enhance their adaptability to UV-B stress through molecular mechanisms such as synthesizing secondary metabolites like flavonoids and anthocyanins, activating the UVR8-mediated signaling pathway, and activating hormone regulation and secondary metabolic genes. Furthermore, combined stress from UV-B and other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, drought, heavy metals) often exhibits synergistic or antagonistic effects, with complex mechanisms varying across species. Current research primarily focuses on crops and herbaceous plants under controlled experimental conditions. Future studies should integrate multi-omics technologies and long-term field observations to deeply unravel the molecular networks and ecological adaptability of plants in response to UV-B radiation, providing insights for stress-resistant breeding and ecological restoration.

The research progress of microbial treatment technology in livestock and poultry treatment was analyzed from the aspects of the common treatment methods of livestock and poultry manure, the microbial treatment technology involved in its treatment, the types of relevant microorganisms, and the application of microbial treatment technology in livestock and poultry manure treatment. The treatment methods of livestock and poultry manure mainly included composting through microbial action, anaerobic digestion, and combined treatment of the two, and composting, incineration and biological carbonization through physical and chemical treatment. Among them, the microbial treatment of livestock and poultry manure was to use the metabolism of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to convert organic matter in feces into simpler compounds, such as carbon dioxide and methane. Aerobic microorganisms included lactic acid bacteria, anaerobic microorganisms included methanobacter, etc. Involved in the microbial treatment technology includes the expansion and optimization of microbial species, the research of microbiome and the development of new starter culture, which optimizes the treatment process of livestock and poultry manure treatment and improves the quality of fertilizer. This paper provides a reference for the further study of microbial treatment technology in livestock and poultry manure treatment.

The remote sensing ecological index of Hefei City, Anhui Province was selected as the research object and Landsat 5 and 8 images were used as data sources to conduct principal component analysis on greenness index, humidity index, dryness index and heat index. RSEI model was constructed to dynamically monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of the research area, and analyze its temporal and spatial changes. The results showed that from 2001 to 2021, the RSEI index in the study area generally declined first and then increased slowly. Greenness and humidity were positively correlated with eco-environmental quality, while dryness and heat were negatively correlated with eco-environmental quality. In terms of spatial change, RSEI invariable areas were scattered from 2001 to 2011, and the ecological environment quality around the main urban area declined. From 2011 to 2016, RSEI values increased in the western and northern parts of the country, and decreased in some southern regions, but its overall ecological environment quality improved. From 2016 to 2021, the ecological and environmental quality in the main urban areas will continue to improve. This paper provides a reference for the evaluation of ecological environment quality of similar areas.

Feeding chickens under the forest is an economic innovation farming model under forest, which has good economic benefits and broad development prospects. In this paper, the effects of feeding chicken under the forest on forest and grass, soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial diversity, and insect population were summarized,and the corresponding development measures were put forward based on practical production. In the modes of feeding chickens under the forest, chicken manure, as a green organic fertilizer, can effectively increase economic income. However, this model also has some disadvantages, such as damaging plant growth and reducing plant diversity. When the density of chickens under the forest is controlled reasonably, it is beneficial to maintain good soil ventilation and water permeability. However, the high-density and long-term activities of chickens may lead to the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, and the growth of trees is hindered by poor soil quality. In the process of production, the modes of feeding chicken under the forest is beneficial to increase the variety and quantity of soil microorganisms, promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and the transformation of nutrients, and thus improve soil fertility. At the same time, it can reduce the occurrence of pests, promote the healthy growth of plants, save feed, and reduce the cost of disease and pest control. The development of feeding chicken under the forest should be based on local conditions, scientific site selection and layout, targeted improvement of the vegetation in the breeding area, reasonable determination of breeding density, time and scale, implementation of regional rotational grazing system, and strengthening disease prevention and control. This paper provides references for promoting the high-quality development of the feeding chicken under the forest.

The environmental suitability of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area of Shanxi Province was analyzed from four aspects: climatic conditions, climatic stability, geographical conditions and soil conditions, and the planting management techniques were summarized from the aspects of seed breeding, planting time and planting methods. The Hengshan area was more suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus with large diurnal temperature difference, suitable precipitation, abundant light resources, less extreme weather and loose soil. In order to improve the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus, a series of cultivation and management measures were put forward, including the selection of seeds with full grain and no mildew and moth-eaten seeds, timely sowing, rational fertilization, scientific irrigation, timely weeding and attention to disease and pest control. This paper provides references for further improving the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area.

The distribution of green peacocks in Yunnan Province and the status quo of its biological research and protection measures were reviewed, the problems existing in its protection measures were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward to provide references for the protection of this species. At present, green peacocks in Yunnan Province are mainly distributed in 10 counties (cities and districts) such as Shuangbai County and Chuxiong City. The number of green peacocks is about 800 -1 000, and the distribution range is narrow. Its biological research mainly focuses on population number and distribution, factors affecting population number, habitat and habitat environment conditions, foraging preferences, etc. In addition, there are some physiological, genetic, and some diseases studies of green peacock. The protection measures mainly include actively formulating protection plans, increasing the construction of green peacock reserves and carrying out population investigation and monitoring. Comprehensive distribution, biological research and protection measures found that the current of green peacock protection measures need to be improved, inbreeding intensification, insufficient biological research, and weak artificial breeding technology. To solve these problems, some countermeasures are put forward, including making plans with the existing research results to further strengthen the publicity and monitoring of green peacocks; jointing research institutions, universities and conservation institutions to further carry out genetic diversity research, strengthen the living habits and habitat conditions of green peacocks, and expand the content and direction of biological research; throughing the construction of breeding population and the development of artificial breeding offspring release (return) wild environment protection plan to strengthen the weak link research, achieve the wild population growth of green peacock, get rid of the endangered rescue goal.

Camellia oleifera as a unique woody edible oil tree species, has both economic value and ecological maintenance functions. The techniques for high-yield cultivation of Camellia oleifera forests combined its biological characteristics were systematically explored, including selection of afforestation sites, superior varieties, and others. Camellia oleifera trees are 2-8 meters tall, with spherical or nearly spherical fruits that generally mature in autumn. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting areas with an altitude of 100-500 meters, sufficient sunlight, and slopes below 25 degrees for planting; scientifically apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the nutrient status of the soil and the growth needs of plants to improve the soil; select varieties with larger fruits, thinner skin, and higher seed and oil extraction rates; choose strong seedlings that are one or two years old, ensuring their good growth and strong stress resistance; excavate planting holes and adopt reasonable methods for seedling planting; reasonably irrigate and reasonably fertilize oil tea trees based on their age, soil texture, and local climate conditions; after the oil tea is harvested and before the new shoots sprout in spring, remove diseased and weak branches in a timely manner; adopt agricultural, biological, and chemical control measures to timely prevent and control diseases such as anthracnose and soft rot, as well as pests such as Biston marginata and Euproctis pseudoconspersa; when the fruit is 80% to 90% ripe, it should be harvested and processed promptly to prevent spoilage. These technological lare interrelated and together form a complete, efficient, and sustainable high-yield cultivation techniques system for Camellia oleifera, provide references for the efficient development of Camellia oleifera and its related industries.

To optimize and promote the techniques of potato planting and field management, based on the production practice of potato planting, the technical key points were summarized in the process of its planting and field management from four aspects: variety selection, soil improvement, sowing and fertilization, and field management. Including giving priority to the selection of high quality, high yield and disease resistant varieties; implement in-depth cultivation and carry out reasonable crop rotation; determine the sowing time based on climatic conditions, and determine the sowing density and depth based on the characteristics of the variety; apply fertilizers scientifically and appropriately increase the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; strengthen hoeing, soil mounding and water management, and appropriate microbial preparations, chemical agents, etc. are adopted to control diseases and pests such as late blight, cutworms and aphids. The above measures have increased the yield and quality of potatoes and improved the economic benefits of growers. This article provides a reference for the scientific planting and field management of potatoes.

In this study, local indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - Glomus consrictum were selected. Under the stress of cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg), to explore its effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the fixation effect of Cd in soil in three treatment groups: no addition of biochar, addition of biochar A (corn stalks), and addition of biochar B (corn cobs). The FTIR spectral analysis results showed that the functional groups contained in the two types of biochar were approximately the same. The results of the co-treatment of AMF and biochar showed that the addition of two biochars decreased soil total Cd by 2.9%-25.1%, soil available Cd content by 4.8%-15.3%, and increased soil available potassium and soil available phosphorus content under different initial Cd concentrations. The soil pH and soil organic matter increased slightly, but the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed diffused nitrogen decreased. Comprehensive comparison, under low Cd concentration, corncob biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available cadmium, but under medium and high Cd concentration, corn straw biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available Cd.

To investigate the regulating effect of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution on qi, blood and immune function.The wild type AB strain zebrafish 3 dpf after insemination was used as the experimental object. The anemia and immune deficiency models of zebrafish were induced by phenylzine and vinorelbine tartrate, respectively, and were divided into normal control group, model control group and ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution group. The maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution was determined. The experiment was divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group and ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution group by MTC and zebrafish anemia and low immunity model to evaluate the effect of regulate qi, blood and immunity. The results showed that the MTC of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution to regulate the ability of qi, blood was 31.20 μL/mL. Compared with the model control group, in the treatment group of 15.60 and 31.20 μL/mL, the cardiac erythrocyte staining intensity of zebrafish increased by 276.64% and 570.47%, respectively. The MTC of ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution regulating immune function was 3.91 μL/mL. Compared with the model control group, the number of residual fluorescent particles in zebrafish in 0.98, 1.95, and 3.91 μL/mL treatment groups decreased by 34.35%, 40.42%, and 52.10%, respectively. In addition, in the 1.95 and 3.91 μL/mL treatment groups, the fluorescence intensity of T cells in zebrafish was significantly increased, which was 110.24% and 126.94% higher than that in the model control group, respectively. To sum up, ginseng donkey-hide gelatin solution has the effect of improving anemia, and can regulating immunity by promoting macrophage phagocytosis and enhancing T cell function.

The main factors affecting tea production were summarized based on tea tree cultivation practice, and high-yield cultivation techniques were proposed for tea trees based on these influencing factors. The main factors affecting tea production include climate conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine; soil physical and chemical properties, water content, and other soil conditions; adaptability of tea tree varieties and cultivation management techniques such as pruning, harvesting, fertilizer and water supply. The high-yield cultivation techniques for tea trees include selecting tea varieties with wide adaptability, strong resistance to diseases and pests, and high-yield potential; take measures such as deep plowing and soil turning, rational application of organic fertilizers, and application of lime and ammonium sulfate for soil improvement; choose irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation, and establish a comprehensive drainage system to protect tea gardens from the effects of excessive moisture or soil erosion; adopting green prevention and control technologies such as biological and physical control to prevent pests and diseases from invading tea trees. Relevant high-yield cultivation techniques can help improve the overall yield and quality of tea in different regions and environmental conditions, providing references for the green and sustainable development of the tea industry.

Multiple planting of soybeans after wheat harvest can fully utilize the remaining light, hot, and water resources after wheat harvest, achieve two crop intercropping in one year. The planting practice was combined of wheat and soybean in Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, the light, simple, and efficient cultivation techniques for winter wheat and high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybeans were summarized and analyzed, at the same time, corresponding yield improvement strategies were proposed by focusing on the key aspects of intercropping soybeans after wheat. The cultivation techniques for light, simple, and efficient winter wheat include selecting high quality, high yielding, disease resistant, and early maturing wheat varieties; before sowing, rotary tiller and rake flat, and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer; reasonably determine the broadcasting schedule and quantity; check and supplement seedlings, and timely carry out “one spray and three prevention” measures; timely harvest and clean up residual debris. The high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybean varieties include selecting early maturing varieties with strong stress resistance and high and stable yield; plow and weed before sowing, and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer; timely sowing of moisture and reasonable planting density; combining tillage weeding with chemical weeding, applying fertilizer while the soil is moist, and implementing rational control measures; seize the critical window period for disease and pest control and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures; remove from drying and store in the warehouse. The key points to focus on in the research area for wheat multiple cropping soybean include wheat harvest period, planting efficiency, soil preparation quality, and mechanization level. Therefore, reasonable crop rotation and good crop rotation connection were proposed; promote high yield cultivation techniques, and improve planting efficiency; strategies include fine soil preparation, improving soil fertility, introducing new machinery, and expanding the area of intercropping. This article provides a reference for achieving high yields by multiple cropping soybeans after wheat in Shangluo and related areas.

Based on literature review and practical application, the definition, classification and action mechanism of biopesticides were described in this paper. The application of biopesticides in agricultural fields such as disease and pest control, weed control, and soil improvement was analyzed, and strategies to promote the application of biopesticides in agricultural planting were proposed. Biopesticides refer to a category of pesticide formulations that utilize living organisms or their metabolites to effectively control agricultural pests, encompassing microbial pesticides, plant-derived pesticides, animal-derived pesticides, and other types. Currently, the application of biopesticides in agricultural production primarily manifests in disease and pest control, weed management, and soil improvement, demonstrating significant application value and development potential. In terms of disease and pest control, biopesticides achieve ecological management through specific mechanisms of action; in terms of weed control, bioherbicides based on toxic or inhibitory effects show notable efficacy; and in terms of soil health maintenance, they enhance soil ecological functions by regulating microbial community structures. To promote the adoption and application of biopesticides, the following measures were proposed: intensifying public education on biopesticides to raise awareness, improving market supervision systems to ensure product safety and efficacy, and strengthening technological research and development to enhance product performance and stability. This research provides valuable references for advancing the promotion and application of biopesticides.

The physical and chemical properties of coffee grounds, as a by-product of coffee, and the potential of resource reuse were reviewed. Coffee grounds are rich in nutrients such as organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their porous nature makes them a good soil amendment. In soil improvement, coffee grounds can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and adjust soil pH. In terms of fertilizer application, coffee grounds can improve the physical properties of the soil, and its slow-release effect provides stable and lasting nutrition for crops, helps to reduce the loss and volatilization of nutrients, and thus improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. The reuse of coffee grounds resources helps reduce the environmental burden caused by agricultural waste and realize the recycling of agricultural by-products. At the same time, it promotes the root expansion and nutrient absorption of crops by improving soil conditions, so as to further improve crop yield and quality. This paper provides a reference for realizing the efficient utilization of coffee grounds and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

To further clarify the macrofungal species resources in Guiyang region, Guizhou Province, the composition of macrofungal species, dominant family and genus in 11 regions were investigated by random field investigation and questionnaire survey, and the correlation between macrofungal diversity and habitat and climate was investigated. A total of 429 fungal specimens were collected in the study area, and 215 species of macrofungi were identified and classified, belonging to 3 phyla, 8 classes, 19 orders, 47 families and 107 genera. At phylum level, basidiomycetes (90.23%) and ascomycetes (8.83%) were dominant phyla. At the genus level, Polyporaceae (21.395%), Marasmiaceae (7.907%) and Russulaceae (7.442%) were the dominant genera. In the market, a total of 21 kinds of large fungi such as red mushrooms, milk mushrooms and ganoderma lucidum were investigated, including 16 kinds of edible fungi, and the commodity potential was large. There were 69 kinds of edible fungi, 33 kinds of medicinal fungi and 16 kinds of poisonous fungi. The habitats of macrofungi were mainly mixed forest and broad-leaved forest. The species richness of macrofungi was affected by seasonal changes, and the species of fungi increased with the increase of precipitation. The research area is rich in macrofungal resources, so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the collection and domestication of fungi resources and artificial propagation, accelerate the cultivation of leading edible fungi enterprises, give full play to the advantages of fungi resources in Guiyang, and provide references for promoting the development of edible fungi industry in the area.

The parental sources, breeding process, characteristic characteristics, and high-yield cultivation techniques of Tianyikedou 21 were elaborated. This variety is a high-yield and high-quality soybean variety selected through pedigree method with Wansu 2156 as the female parent and Jidou 17 as the male parent. The 2-year regional trial and 1-year production trial results showed that this variety had a high-yield; the plant height was suitable and can resist lodging; the grain was high in oil and protein content. Its high-yield cultivation techniques include pre-sowing preparation such as soil preparation and seed treatment; sowing seeds in a timely manner according to weather conditions, soil moisture, and quality; reasonable planting density; carrying out field management such as seedling inspection, thinning, tillage, and weeding; timely prevention and control of soybean root rot, stink bugs, aphids, planthoppers and other pests and diseases; timely and early mechanical harvesting to prevent mechanical mixing. The soybean variety Tianyikedou 21 has high-yield and high-quality characteristics; providing references for its promotion and application in the Huai River region in Anhui Province and surrounding areas.

To screen for suitable tree species for cultivation in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian, the Biqing State Owned Forest Farm in Yongchun, Fujian Province was selected as the experimental site, a total of 70 different precious species were selected for the research subject, including 20 excellent landscape trees such as Koelreuteria bipinnata integrifoliola (Merr.), Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana, Melia azedarach, and Ilex chinensis Sims, 30 excellent timber tree species such as Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis,Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn), Ormosia henryi Prain, and Ormosia hosiei Hemsl, and 20 multifunctional tree species of the Fagaceae family such as Cyclobalanopsis chungii (Metc.), Quercus gilva Blume, Quercus glauca Thunb., and Quercus sessilifolia Blume, determined its survival rate, preservation rate, growth and health status, and adaptability in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian. The results showed that the survival rates of various tested tree species selected for afforestation are relatively high, except for Quercus sessilifolia Blume, all others are above 85%, and the preservation rates are above 90%; the overall growth and health status of the tree species are good, with strong adaptability. 5 excellent landscape tree species suitable for cultivation in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian were selected such as Ilex chinensis Sims, Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.), Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.), Liquidambar formosana Hance, and Semiliquidambar cathayensis, 6 excellent timber tree species were selected such as Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, Michelia macclurei Dandy, Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.), Camphora officinarum Nees ex Wall, Eucalyptus cloeziana, and Schima superba， and 4 multifunctional tree species of the Fagaceae family were selected such as Cyclobalanopsis chungii (Metc.), Quercus gilva Blume, Castanopsis hystrix Hook., and Castanopsis chinensis (Spreng.) Hance. This study provides a reference for the conservation of bio-diversity, ex situ protection of plants, and introduction and domestication research in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian.

Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb, and its leaves are used as medicine. It is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herbal with high medicinal and economical value. The high-quality cultivation techniques of this plant were summarized and analyzed from 7 aspects of variety selection, land preparation, and propagation methods. Including select high-quality, high-yielding, and comprehensive resistant varieties of Artemisia argyi suitable for local cultivation; choose fertile loam and sandy loam environments with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and deep plowing and fertilization before planting. Its propagation techniques include division propagation, root propagation, and cutting propagation; the suitable planting density is 97 500 to 120 000 plants/hm², and the appropriate amount of rhizomes for root propagation is 3 000 kg/hm². After planting, timely carry out standardized management work such as tillage, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, leveling, and thinning to promote plant growth; the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the field mainly rely on agricultural and physical methods, with chemical control as a supplement. Timely harvesting, processing and storage according to its application characteristics.It provides references for Artemisia argyi standardized production and high-quality industrial development.

The current status of the Huainan Bagongshan tofu industry and its brand construction, as well as the application of animation IP in empowering local characteristic industries were analyzed, and the practice of Bagongshan tofu animation IP design in brand enhancement was explored. Currently, challenges such as insufficient brand differentiation, weak digital communication, and inadequate industrial integration depth hinder the development of the Bagongshan tofu industry. As an emerging cultural medium, animation IP offers innovative pathways for the creative transformation of agricultural cultural heritage. It serves as a vital tool for building rural characteristic industries, optimizing rural industrial structures, promoting economic transformation, and providing new models for rural governance and public services. By integrating regional cultural, landscape, and industrial elements, animation IP can shape culturally distinctive brand images, attract younger consumer groups, and foster the inheritance and innovation of agricultural cultural heritage. Taking the “Doubao” animation IP as an example, the design of characters, derivative product development, and cultural industrial park construction have achieved the modern expression of traditional tofu culture and industrial value transformation. The practice demonstrates that combining animation IP with local characteristic industries not only drives youthful brand dissemination but also establishes a “cultural empowerment + industrial revitalization” dual-driven model, offering a replicable example for the sustainable development of rural specialty industries.

To understand the common species of diseases and pests of Gleditsia sinensis and their characteristics of occurrence and damage, disease survey was carried out in the main planting area of Gleditsia sinensis in Zhijin, Guizhou Province by means of route investigation and sample investigation. The results showed that 51 species of diseases and pests of Gleditsia sinensis were investigated, including 18 infectious diseases, 5 physiological diseases, and 28 insect pests. Common and serious injuries included Colletotrichum sp., Diaporthe sp., Phyllactinia sp., Mosaic virus disease, Homadaula anisocentra, Trichochrysea imperialis, Euphalerus robinae, Empoasca sp., Megabruchidius dorsalis, and Agrilus viduus. There were many kinds of diseases and pests in Gleditsia sinensis, complex components, various ways and degrees of harm. It was necessary to carry out scientific control according to the harm characteristics and occurrence rules of various diseases and pests, and the main strategies included quarantine prevention, cultivation management, scientific application of physical control, biological control and chemical control. This paper provides references for the control measures of Gleditsia sinensis.

To investigate the domestication efficiency of feed Siniperca chuatsi in the domestication model of industrial circulating water, an early-stage Siniperca chuatsi was conducted in a rectangular training tank over 52 days. Growth performance indicators, including survival rate of Siniperca chuatsi, were measured, and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that after domestication the final specification of feed Siniperca chuatsi was 43 individuals/kg, with a survival rate of 90.72%, weight gain rate of 924.67%, and feed conversion ratio of 1.07. Economic benefits analysis revealed a net profit of 78 832 yuan, with an overall break-even survival rate exceeding 42.43%. In conclusion, this training model offers advantages such as a short cycle, simple operation, strong controllability, high survival rate, and significant economic benefits, making it suitable for broader application in production.

To investigate the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of selenium (Se) in the soil-crop (rice, corn) system, this study collected and analyzed 1 429 paddy field-rice samples and 1 536 dryland-corn samples. Combining methods such as inverse distance weighting interpolation, hot/cold spot analysis, correlation analysis, and random forest models, the distribution and enrichment patterns of selenium in the soil-crop system were investigated. The relationships between parent material, soil physicochemical properties [soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH], essential trace elements [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)], climatic factors [altitude (ASL), slope (SLP), annual precipitation (PRCP), mean temperature (TEMP)] and soil Se, crop Se, and bioaccumulation factors (BCF) were analyzed. The results showed that,(1) The average Se content in paddy soils was 0.66 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 80.13%), while that in dryland soils was 0.58 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 73.83%). (2) Moran’s I indices for paddy soil Se, dryland soil Se, rice Se, corn Se, rice BCF, and corn BCF were 0.46, 0.31, 0.38, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.07 respectively, indicating moderate spatial autocorrelation influenced by both structural and stochastic factors. (3) Parent material significantly influenced the spatial variation of soil Se, with greater impact on rice Se than corn Se, potentially related to crop species differences. (4) The random forest modeling identified PRCP, ASL, TEMP, and SOM as primary predictors of soil Se; PRCP, TEMP, and ASL for crop Se; SOM and PRCP for rice BCF; SOM, ASL, and TEMP for corn BCF. This study provides references for selenium-rich resource utilization in relevant areas.

To understand the risk factors in yeast products, brewing yeast and high-active dry yeast products sold in market were selected. A fishbone diagram was used to identify and analyze potential risk factors, and pathogenic microorganisms as well as heavy metals (total arsenic and lead) were measured. The results showed that the main risks in yeast products were associated with raw materials, fermentation, and production processes. No pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected in any of the tested products. The total arsenic and lead contents in the products were consistently low, complying with safety standards, and exhibited a year-on-year decreasing trend, with no lead residues were detected in yeast extracts, yeast-based compound seasonings, etc. These findings indicate that yeast products have a high safety profile.

To screen rice varieties suitable for the “rice-ratooning rice-rapeseed” planting model, 13 rice varieties including Renyou 6, Zhenzaoyou 939, and Jiyou 1127, etc. were used as materials (with Lingliangyou 268 as the control), and a selection experiment of regenerated rice varieties under the “rice-ratooning rice-rapeseed” model was conducted in Changsha (research area A) and Yiyang (research area B), Hunan Province, determine indicators such as reproductive period, yield, and yield composition. The results showed that, except for Shengliangyou 358, all other varieties had suitable growth periods for planting in the study area and could safely achieve full panicle. In research area A, the annual yields of Renyou 6 and Quanzaoyou 1606 were 14.00 and 14.27 t/hm², respectively, which increased by 5.34% and 7.37% compared to the control. In research area B, the annual yields of Renyou 6, Lingliangyou 741, and Quanzaoyou 1606 were 10.58, 10.56, and 10.76 t/hm², respectively, an increase of 7.65% to 9.68% compared to the control. The above varieties all mature before mid October and can safely transition the rapeseed crop. Overall, Renyou 6 and Quanzaoyou 1606 performed well in Changsha, Hunan Province, while Renyou 6, Lingliangyou 741, and Quanzaoyou 1606 performed well in Yiyang, Hunan Province. They are suitable for planting regenerated rice varieties in the cooperative “rice-ratooning rice-rapeseed” planting model, and can be selected according to local planting conditions in each region.