To compare the fruit quality of five blueberry varieties in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, the fruits of five blueberry varieties, namely ‘Lanmei No.1’ ‘Gardenblue’ ‘L11’ ‘Nan Gaocong No.3’and ‘Eureka’ were used as materials. The appearance indicators such as single fruit quality, the contents of antioxidant substances such as anthocyanins, chlorophyll content, and the contents of nutrients such as soluble sugar were determined, and the sensory evaluation of the fruits was also conducted. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were adopted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality. The results showed that among the five blueberry varieties, ‘Eureka’ had the largest single fruit weight at 4.805 g,‘Gardenblue’ had the largest fruit shape index at 0.868, ‘Eureka’ had the highest anthocyanin content at 890.217 μg/g, ‘L11’ had the highest total phenol content at 2.840 g/kg, and ‘Gardenblue’ had the highest flavonoid content, reaching 0.177 mg/g, the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids in ‘Lanmei No.1’ were all the highest, which were 8.873%, 107.433 μg/g and 10.2% respectively. The total sensory evaluation scores, from high to low, were as follows:‘Lanmei No.1’ > ‘Nan Gaocong No.3’ > ‘Gardenblue’ > ‘Eureka’ > ‘L11’. Comprehensive analysis showed that ‘Eureka’ had the highest comprehensive score, with large fruits, strong antioxidant capacity and high nutritional value. ‘Lanmei No.1’ ranked second in the comprehensive score, with higher fruit sweetness and good taste. The fruit quality of both was relatively high. To sum up, among the five blueberry varieties, ‘Eureka’ and ‘Lanmei No.1’ had better overall quality.‘Lanmei No.1’ was suitable for fresh consumption, while ‘Eureka’ was suitable for processing into dried fruits, fruit paste and functional products. This article provides a reference for the introduction and cultivation of blueberries in similar regions.

Canine distemper is a non zoonotic disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study focuses on dogs suspected of suffering from canine distemper, and diagnoses them through clinical examination, blood biochemical indicators, blood routine indicators,and antigen detection; adopt methods such as combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Sangju Yinqiao powder decoction + Doxycycline powder, etc.) and treating based on syndrome differentiation to treat it. The results showed that the diseased dogs had poor mental state, frequent sneezing, thick nasal discharge, and bleeding. The concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and globulin in the diseased dog were higher than the reference values. The total number of white blood cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were significantly increased. The antigen test was positive. All the evidence indicates that the dog is suffering from canine distemper.After treatment, the dog’s condition improved, and its appetite, mental state, blood biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators all returned to normal. This article provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

Bifenthrin·clothianidin is a new type of compound insecticide that can be used to control more than 20 pests such as Helicoverpa armigera. This study explores the properties, composition, action mechanism, and application effects of this suspension concentrate, as well as its application technologies and practices in the agricultural field, and prospects for future research. The suspension concentrate is formulated by combining two active ingredients, bifenthrin and clothianidin, with dual characteristics of rapid insecticidal activity and long-term protection. Its action mechanism includes contact toxicity, stomach toxicity, and systemic translocation: it can penetrate into the insect body either by directly contacting the insect surface (dissolving the waxy layer on the exoskeleton or through microscopic pores), enter via the insect’s mouthparts and digestive tract, or indirectly infiltrate the insect body when the pest engages in piercing-sucking feeding on plant stems and leaves treated with the insecticide, ultimately leading to insect death by poisoning. In terms of application effects, this insecticide offers advantages such as a broad insecticidal spectrum, quick-acting and long-lasting efficacy, low toxicity, safety, and environmental friendliness. It also exhibits excellent environmental and ecological safety: it is safe for crop growth, compatible with other chemical agents, has minimal impacts on aquatic organisms and beneficial organisms, and can degrade into harmless substances in soil over time. Previously, this insecticide has been used to control pests such as aphids, cutworms, thrips, and pear psylla on various crops including food crops, fruits, and vegetables, and can be applied through methods such as spraying, drip irrigation, and drenching. In the future, efforts will be made to further optimize its formulation, develop more efficient and stable dosage forms, and conduct research on environmental friendliness and precise application technologies. In summary, bifenthrin·clothianidin suspension concentrate can reduce the application rate of chemical pesticides, delay the development of pest resistance, and extend the service life of pesticides, thereby boasting broad application prospects.

7 plant growth regulators (0.136% gibberellin·indoleacetic acid·brassinolide WP 75.0 g/hm², 0.1% triacontanol ME 1 000 mL/hm², 0.4% kinetin AS 937.5 mL/hm², 0.000 4% enadenine·oxyenadenine SP 750 mL/hm², 4% gibberellic acid SL 500 mL/hm², 0.007 5% 14-hydroxybrassinolide AS 150 mL/hm², 2% potassium nitrophenolate AS 150 mL/hm²) were used for spray treatment at the initial stage of tea bud germination and single bud stage, respectively, with spraying water as the control (CK). The effects of tea on the growth, yield, safety and appearance quality of tea were analyzed. The results showed that the 7 plant growth regulators tested could increase germination density and had a significant regulatory effect on the germination and growth of tea buds. After the second spray, the fresh tea yield increased by 12.77% to 47.35% compared to the CK, among them, the treatment with 0.136% gibberellin·indoleacetic acid·brassinolide WP at 75.0 g/hm² showed a significant increase in tea yield. 7 plant growth regulators were found to be safe for tea plant growth, improving product appearance and quality (increased bud production, tender leaves, uniform color, thickness, and size of tea shoots and leaves), while posing no harm to beneficial arthropods such as spiders. This article provides a reference for selecting suitable plant growth regulators to promote tea growth.

Low temperature is one of the major environmental stress factors affecting plants, exerting significant influence on photosynthetic capacity and thereby hindering plant growth and development. The impact of low temperature stress on the photosynthetic mechanisms in plant leaves was summarized, focusing on changes in cellular anatomical structure, cell membrane permeability, osmoregulatory substances, and photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In terms of cellular anatomical structure, low temperature stress may disrupt the palisade/spongy tissue ratio in mesophyll cells and damage chloroplast ultrastructure. Regarding cell membrane permeability, low temperature stress induces electrolyte leakage, along with the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation. Plants counteract this by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) to maintain ROS homeostasis. Concerning osmoregulatory substances, low temperature stress triggers the dynamic accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, and proteins to sustain photosynthetic performance. In photosynthetic carbon assimilation, low temperature stress reduces chlorophyll content and the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), altering key photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci). Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) compensates for the decline in Rubisco activity by fixing low-concentration CO₂, thereby mitigating photosynthetic losses. In conclusion, this article provides a reference for analyzing the mechanism of plants’ response to low temperatures and improving the photosynthetic performance of plant leaves under low temperature stress conditions.

To investigate the effects of the plant growth regulator Iron Chlorine e6 on rice growth, an experiment was conducted using the rice variety Ningxiangjing 9. The following treatments were applied: seed dressing with 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 (A1, 22.5 g/hm²; A2, 45.0 g/hm²; A3, 67.5 g/hm²; A4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the jointing stage (B1, 22.5 g/hm²; B2, 45.0 g/hm²; B3, 67.5 g/hm²; B4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the booting stage (C1, 22.5 g/hm²; C2, 45.0 g/hm²; C3, 67.5 g/hm²; C4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control). The traits, yield, and safety of rice plants under different treatments were determined. The results showed that foliar spraying of 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 soluble powder increased panicle length and plant height, while seed dressing effectively thickened the basal internodes and enhanced lodging resistance. Both methods, at application rates of 45.0-90.0 g/hm², prevented lodging. Both seed dressing and foliar spraying of Iron Chlorine e6 increased the hundred-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield of rice, with yield increases ranging from 2.14% to 11.95%. The C4 treatment achieved the highest yield (11 303.55 kg/hm²). All treatments were safe for rice growth. Considering economic benefits, it is recommended to apply 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 at 67.5 g/hm² during the booting stage to improve rice yield.

The virus-free tissue culture technology using potato stem tips is able to restore variety characteristics and improve potato yield and quality, making it one of the key biotechnologies in seed potato production. The entire process of virus-free tissue culture technology using potato stem tips was systematically elaborated, and its common problems along with control strategies were summarized. The technical procedure involved pretreatment of explants, shoot tip dissection, primary culture of plantlets, virus detection, and in vitro propagation of plantlets. During the primary culture stage, the explants were sterilized and pretreated, and then cultured in a specific medium to induce the differentiation of apical meristems into plantlets. The obtained primary plantlets were subjected to virus detection using serological and molecular biological methods. After confirming the absence of viruses, the plantlets were transferred to propagation and strengthening media for multiplication. 3 major issues encountered during the tissue culture process were contamination, vitrification, and browning. Contamination, caused by bacteria, fungi, or endophytes, was prevented through strict aseptic techniques, environmental sterilization, and the addition of antibiotics or bacteriostatic agents to the culture medium. Vitrified plantlets, characterized by a translucent and fragile appearance, were primarily induced by unsuitable culture conditions or excessive subculturing, and could be mitigated by adjusting light and temperature conditions, regulating hormone concentrations, and incorporating dark culture periods. Browning, a phenomenon where wounded explants secreted brown substances leading to death, was commonly suppressed by adding anti-browning agents such as sodium thiosulfate. This article provides a reference for the production of virus-free seed potatoes

The research progress on the responses of plant leaf functional traits to environmental factors such as climatic factors (light, temperature, humidity), soil factors, and topographic factors (altitude, slope direction, slope position, and slope) was reviewed. In terms of climatic factors, different light conditions can lead to significant differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf lifespan, specific leaf area, and leaf size among plants. The relationship between leaf functional traits and temperature varies among different forest stands. The water transport capacity and hydraulic structure characteristics of leaves affect the water use efficiency, growth, competition and distribution of plants. Factors such as precipitation and soil humidity content can lead to diverse differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf size, specific leaf area and vein density among different plants. In terms of soil factors, the responses of plant leaf functional traits to different soil factors are different. In terms of topographic factors, the response mechanism of leaf functional traits to altitude is different in different developmental stages of different plants. The slope direction forms a local environmental gradient by regulating factors such as light and temperature, resulting in differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf area and specific leaf area among different plants. The utilization strategies of plant resources on different slopes are different, and there are differences in the performance trends of leaf functional traits such as leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area among different plants on different slopes. The functional traits of plant leaves vary with different slopes. This article provides a reference for clarifying the response mechanism of plant leaf functional traits to the environment.

The application of plant growth regulators is one of the important measures for the high quality and high yield cultivation of Capsicum annuum. Application research progress of plant growth regulators in promoting the growth of Capsicum annuum, enhancing their stress resistance, and promoting redness and leaf removal of Capsicum annuum were reviewed. The results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of plant growth regulators such as brassinolide and chitosan oligosaccharides at the appropriate time was conducive to promoting plant growth, achieving the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality, seed germination, cultivating strong seedlings, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and dwarfization of plant type, and improving the seedling strength index. At the same time, it could enhance the ability of Capsicum annuum seedlings to withstand high temperature and drought stress, low temperature and weak light stress, and the damage caused by saline-alkali and waterlogging disasters, and it could alleviate drug damage and continuous cropping obstacles. The special defoliating agent for Capsicum annuum had certain defoliating and reddening effects. Subsequently, research on the regulation of Capsicum annuum plant type by plant growth regulators should be further intensified. This article provides a reference for the safe application of plant growth regulators in Capsicum annuum production.

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry production, which can reduce the yield and quality of strawberry and cause certain economic losses. The pathogen and symptoms of strawberry gray mold, the infection cycle of the disease, the main factors influencing its occurrence, and comprehensive control measures were elaborated. There are many types of pathogens causing strawberry gray mold, mainly including Botrytis cinerea, B. caroliniana, and B. sinoviticola, etc. The main damage is to the fruit, initially showing water-soaked spots, and later expanding into gray-brown soft rot spots covered with mold; infected flower organs, leaves, and petioles show browning, rotting, and mold. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the form of conidia, mycelium, or sclerotia in diseased residues and soil, and spreads through air currents, water vapor, or agricultural operations, infecting plants through wounds or natural openings, and repeatedly reinfecting in a humid environment. The main factors influencing the occurrence of this disease include variety resistance, fruit maturity and whether it is damaged, the amount of bacteria carried by various plant organs, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, the amount of spores in the air), and cultivation and management measures (close planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and continuous cropping). In production, it is recommended to adopt comprehensive control measures including agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties and high ridge mulching cultivation, ecological control measures such as high-temperature fumigation, biological control measures such as applying antagonistic bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium lateritium Pa2) and plant-derived agents (eugenol, carvacrol), and chemical control measures such as alternating use of low-toxic and highly effective fungicides such as procymidone and boscalid to effectively control the occurrence of strawberry gray mold. In the future, systematic research needs to be conducted in areas such as resistance monitoring systems, development of environmentally friendly fungicides, and disease monitoring and early warning systems to provide references for the control and in-depth study of this disease.

Based on production practice, the planting techniques of small potted peonies from aspects such as rootstock selection, variety selection, and grafting propagation were summarized, and the maintenance techniques from aspects such as nutrient management, pest and disease control, and shaping and pruning were also summarized. The planting techniques mainly include selecting 2 to 3-year-old seedlings that are vigorous and have well-developed root systems, with a length of 10 to 15 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, as well as rootstocks with a root tip diameter of over 1 cm and a length of 15 to 20 cm. Select potted peony varieties with strong growth vigor, adaptability, robustness and no diseases or pests. Remove weeds in time and apply fertilizers reasonably; choose containers with good air permeability and light weight. Grafting should be carried out when the temperature is between 21 and 25 ℃. The grafting interface is easy to heal. The scions should be grafted immediately after collection, using the modified tongue grafting method or the mortise and tenon tongue grafting method onto the special peony roots. The outside should be tightly tied with hemp ropes, and the interface should be sealed with wax. Select substrates with good structure and aeration, as well as strong water absorption and retention capabilities. Maintenance techniques include the rational application of organic and chemical fertilizers. Spray 1 000 times diluted 70% wettable powder of carbendazim and 800 to 1 000 times diluted 20% triadimefon to control gray mold and powdery mildew. After flowering, carry out shaping and pruning. Keep 6 to 10 or 3 to 6 main branches in each pot. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of planting and maintaining techniques for small potted peonies.

Based on a comprehensive interpretation of the all-age friendly concept and the connotation of urban renewal, as well as the current challenges in urban park renovation, Shenyang Kejian Park was taken as a case. From the perspective of all-age friendly, the park’s challenges through empirical analysis were pointed out, and renewal strategies for creating an all-age friendly urban park were proposed. Against the backdrop of urban renewal, urban park renovation has shifted toward all-age friendly, diversity, and refinement. Current efforts still need improvement in ecological functions, biodiversity, spatial composite utilization, and maintenance management. Kejian Park faces shortcomings in rational functional zoning, infrastructure functionality, road network accessibility, and diversified plant configuration. Accordingly,renewal and activation strategies for all-age friendly urban parks were proposed，including enriching functional zones to create shared activity spaces for all ages; upgrading infrastructure and adding industrial-themed interactive installations; optimizing the hierarchical road network system to enhance spatial accessibility; diversifying plant community configurations to strengthen ecological service functions. This research provides a reference for enhancing similar urban park renewal projects.

Maize intercropping mode was recognized as an important technical measure to address arable land constraints and enhance the land utilization. The regulatory effects of maize intercropping with other crops including soybean on farmland ecology and agricultural production were summarized, and key considerations for intercropping were analyzed. Through spatiotemporal niche complementarity to enhance land use efficiency. The structure of soil microbial communities was improved (increased bacterial diversity and regulated fungal communities), thereby strengthening soil fertility and ecological functions. The tall maize stalks provided natural shading for shade-preferring crops (Polygonatum sibiricum, Amorphophallus konjac), regulating micro environmental humidity and light conditions. Nutrient accumulation in crops was promoted (increased crude protein in soybeans, enhanced heavy metal enrichment in Sedum alfredii), leading to improved quality. Suitable crop varieties were selected based on their characteristics, and field management was optimized, including rational planting density (adjusting row spacing to reduce shading effects), improved water and fertilizer management, and pest control (utilizing crop interactions to suppress pests). This study provided a reference for promoting the application of maize intercropping with other crops.

To investigate the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of selenium (Se) in the soil-crop (rice, corn) system, this study collected and analyzed 1 429 paddy field-rice samples and 1 536 dryland-corn samples. Combining methods such as inverse distance weighting interpolation, hot/cold spot analysis, correlation analysis, and random forest models, the distribution and enrichment patterns of selenium in the soil-crop system were investigated. The relationships between parent material, soil physicochemical properties [soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH], essential trace elements [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)], climatic factors [altitude (ASL), slope (SLP), annual precipitation (PRCP), mean temperature (TEMP)] and soil Se, crop Se, and bioaccumulation factors (BCF) were analyzed. The results showed that,(1) The average Se content in paddy soils was 0.66 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 80.13%), while that in dryland soils was 0.58 mg/kg (selenium-rich rate: 73.83%). (2) Moran’s I indices for paddy soil Se, dryland soil Se, rice Se, corn Se, rice BCF, and corn BCF were 0.46, 0.31, 0.38, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.07 respectively, indicating moderate spatial autocorrelation influenced by both structural and stochastic factors. (3) Parent material significantly influenced the spatial variation of soil Se, with greater impact on rice Se than corn Se, potentially related to crop species differences. (4) The random forest modeling identified PRCP, ASL, TEMP, and SOM as primary predictors of soil Se; PRCP, TEMP, and ASL for crop Se; SOM and PRCP for rice BCF; SOM, ASL, and TEMP for corn BCF. This study provides references for selenium-rich resource utilization in relevant areas.

Direct seeding of rice is a cultivation method that involves sowing seeds directly in the field, eliminating the need for seedling nursery and transplanting. The efficient cultivation management techniques were summarized from aspects such as variety selection, sowing methods, pre-sowing treatments, and sowing management. In production, rice varieties suitable for local cultivation with strong lodging resistance should be selected for direct seeding ( early rice varieties like Songyazao No.1, late rice varieties like Huanghuazhan, and dual-season varieties like Meixiangzhan No.2). Wet direct seeding with broadcast sowing is predominantly used for direct seeding rice due to its labor-saving and high efficiency, while hole sowing in dry direct seeding is adopted in arid regions to enhance yield. Pre-sowing practices include weed control (using herbicides such as 10% glufosinate-ammonium), field preparation (mechanical deep plowing and subsoiling), and land leveling combined with fertilization. Pre-sowing seed treatments involve sun-drying (1–2 days), seed soaking (using 25% prochloraz emulsion), and germination acceleration (placed at 30–32°C for 1–2 days). Timely sowing is crucial (early rice in early March, late rice in mid-to-early July), with a seeding rate of 3.5–4.0 kg/667 m⊃2; for conventional rice and 3.0-3.5 kg/667 m⊃2; for hybrid rice. Weed control techniques include pre-emergence treatment (using herbicides such as 40% bensulfuron-methyl · pretilachlor) 2–4 days after sowing, post-emergence control (using herbicides like penoxsulam and bentazone) 15-20 days after sowing, and late-stage supplementary control (using herbicides such as 2-methyl-4-chloro · bentazone or manual weeding) when rice reaches the 7–8 leaf stage. In field management, timely topdressing and scientific water management based on the principle of “deep water for seedling protection, shallow water for tillering, ample water for booting, and moist field for large panicle development” are essential. Additionally, chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol should be applied 3–5 days before jointing to prevent lodging. While implementing integrated disease and pest management as in conventional rice fields, special attention should be paid to controlling sheath blight during the mid-to-late growth stages of rice. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of high yield cultivation management techniques for direct seedling rice.

Based on the practice of highland lettuce planting in Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, the standardized and efficient cultivation technology of highland lettuce were systematically analyzed from the aspects of environment requirements, variety selection, fine land preparation, seedling transplanting and so on. In terms of the environmental requirements for the production area, a cold and cool highland region with an altitude of over 600 m is selected. The terrain of the plot should be high, dry, open and flat. In terms of variety selection, choose varieties with stable traits, high quality, high yield, strong adaptability and stress resistance, good storage and transportation properties, and suitable for mechanized planting, such as Romaine lettuce, Italian lettuce, etc. In terms of meticulous land preparation, the garden should be cleared in a timely manner, appropriate mechanical deep ploughing of the soil should be selected, and a base fertilizer + top dressing model should be adopted. In terms of seed treatment, before sowing, mix the seeds with 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, etc. When the temperature is above 25 ℃, the seeds should undergo low-temperature germination treatment. In terms of seedling transplanting, floating seedling raising in trays and hydroponic seedling raising on plastic tray cold bed substrates are adopted. Substrates that are loose, have good water retention and air permeability, and are free of pathogens are selected. Precise seeding should be carried out either manually or with precision seeding equipment. The seeding amount should be 1 to 2 seeds per hole, and the seeding depth should be 0.5 to 1.0 cm. In terms of planting management, for early spring crops, when the temperature in the 5 cm soil layer stabilizes above 10 ℃, it is advisable to plant in the morning or afternoon on a sunny day or on a cloudy day. In terms of seedling management, water and fertilize reasonably according to the growth conditions of lettuce at different growth stages. In terms of pest and disease control, it is necessary to promptly and thoroughly remove diseased and dead plants and weeds in the fields, set up insect-proof nets, utilize natural enemy populations of pests such as ladybugs, and spray appropriate chemical agents to control pests and diseases. In terms of timely harvesting, when the leaves of lettuce are plump, tender green and free of disease spots and dry leaves, it is advisable to harvest them in the early morning or around sunset. In terms of agricultural production waste treatment, centralized and unified treatment of agricultural residual films and pesticide packaging waste is carried out, and fertilizer packaging waste is recycled. This article provides a reference for the development of the alpine lettuce industry.

Based on the occurrence and damage of the main rice diseases and insect pests, the comprehensive control technologies, including agricultural, biological, physical and chemical prevention and control were discussed. The primary diseases included rice blast (which infected leaves, nodes, and panicles), sheath blight (which infected basal leaf sheaths), and false smut (a panicle disease). The major pests included rice planthopper (which sucked sap), the rice leaf roller (which damaged leaves by rolling), and rice stem borers (which bored into stems). The integrated control was centered on the ecosystem and combined agricultural, biological, physical, and chemical technologies. Agricultural control involved selecting resistant varieties and implementing scientific field management; biological control generally utilized natural enemies and integrated crop-aquaculture systems; physical control often employed measures such as trapping and barrier methods; chemical control was focused on reducing application quantities and increasing efficiency by selecting low-toxicity agents. By comprehensively applying these control technologies, precise prediction and green management were achieved, which protected rice yield and quality and promoted sustainable agricultural development.

The advantages, types, production processes, color treatment technologies, and preservation methods of dried flowers were systematically explored, aiming to provide practical technical references for dried flower production enthusiasts and theoretical support for the standardized and large-scale development of the dried flower industry. The core advantages of dried flowers lie in using natural plants as raw materials, which can retain the original shape and color of plants, have a long ornamental period, break through the limitation of flowering periods to realize free matching, and feature diverse application methods as well as low costs and low risks in the circulation link. In terms of classification, dried flowers can be divided into three-dimensional flowers and flat flowers by shape; by color treatment method, they can be divided into original-color dried flowers, bleached dried flowers, dyed dried flowers, and painted dried flowers. In terms of production processes, the collection of flower materials should be selected according to application scenarios, and post-harvest flower materials need to be preserved, trimmed and matched with appropriate equipment; drying methods include pressed flower drying, natural drying, desiccant embedding drying, and artificial environment-controlled drying. Color treatment technologies include chemical color retention, dyeing, and painting. For preservation, it is necessary to avoid light, high humidity, and insect infestation; dried flowers are recommended to be placed in a dry, well-ventilated, and clean environment, and insect prevention measures should be taken when necessary. In the future, with the innovation of dried flower technology and the expansion of application scenarios, the dried flower industry is expected to play a greater role in the fields of decoration, art, and environmental protection, further contributing to the sustainable development of related industries.

To explore the effects of different cultivation modes on the growth, development and yield of peanuts, and to clarify the optimal cultivation mode of peanuts, peanut ‘Wanhua No. 3’ was used as the experimental material. 6 cultivation modes, namely ridging with film covering (T1), ridging with film covering and removing film (T2), ridging without film covering (T3), parallel cropping with film covering (T4), parallel cropping with film covering and removing film (T5), and parallel cropping without film covering (T6) were set up. The agronomic traits such as the emergence rate, growth period, main stem traits height, and yield traits of peanuts such as the number of insects and fruits per plant under each mode were measured. The results showed that the emergence rates of peanuts in the six cultivation modes were all above 85%. Peanuts treated with T1 had the earliest emergence, flowering and harvest, the shortest growth period and a higher emergence rate. The peanuts treated with T5 had higher main stem height and lateral branch length, and more compound leaves and nodes on the main stem. The T1 treatment resulted in a higher number of full fruits and fruits per plant, as well as a higher full fruit rate, kernel yield, weight per 100 kernels, and weight per 100 fruits. The peanut yields of T4 and T5 treatments were higher, which were 6 266.22 and 6 052.02 kg/hm² respectively. In conclusion, the cultivation method of ridging with film covering can ensure the emergence rate of peanuts, shorten the growth period, increase the number of full fruits and fruits per plant, and improve the full fruit rate, the weight per 100 fruits and the weight per 100 grains. The adoption of parallel cropping with film covering and removing film mode is conducive to increasing the height of the main stem, the length of lateral branches, the number of compound leaves on the main stem and the number of nodes on the main stem.

The breeding process, cultivation characteristics, and high yield cultivation techniques of maize variety Fengda 928 were summarized. This variety was developed by crossing the inbred line LP6WC (female parent) with FGK01 (male parent), resulting in an early-maturing maize hybrid suitable for machine harvesting. In multi-year, multi-location regional and demonstration trials, it exhibited excellent stability and broad adaptability, with a growth period of 128 days, plant height of 273.4 cm, and 1 000-grain weight of 345.5 g. The average yield in regional trials ranged from 12 180 to 13 236 kg/hm². It demonstrated strong lodging resistance, moderate resistance to stalk rot and head smut, and grain compositions of 4.05% crude fat and 73.35% crude starch. Key high yield cultivation techniques included: early sowing with sufficient soil moisture at a depth of 4-5 cm; moderate planting density of 75 000-85 000 plants/hm² in Northeast and North China; fertilization based on organic manure combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, supplemented with boron to enhance yield; integrated pest, disease, and weed management, including pre-emergence herbicide application, insect control at seedling stage, stem borer prevention at the bell stage, and leaf disease control during pollination; and delayed mechanical harvest after the milk line disappearance to maximize yield and quality. This article provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety.

The application principles of the concept of nature education in the design of children’s parks were analyzed, taking the children’s park in Urumqi as the research object, and the strategies for creating its nature education space were explored. The design principles of children’s parks based on the concept of nature education mainly include creating a natural exploration environment suitable for arid climates and strengthening terrain design and plant configuration. Highlight the content of ecological education and build a systematic environmental interpretation system; design multi-level interactive natural experience facilities to meet the development needs of children of different age groups; emphasize the organic integration of regional culture and nature education, highlighting regional characteristics. The landscape design of the research area adopts a natural curve form, dividing it into the entrance comprehensive leisure area, the dynamic science popularization park area, the five-sense experience area, the waterfront science popularization experience area, the dense forest adventure area and the agricultural activity experience area. In terms of plant configuration, evergreen plants are taken as the base, and deciduous trees and flowering shrubs are appropriately added to enrich the seasonal changes. The design of ecosystem science popularization facilities should take into account the inheritance of regional culture, ecological friendliness and children’s adaptability, and transform local traditional patterns, folk tales and other cultural symbols into interactive features of science popularization facilities. Combine the spatial layout design of the children’s park to create a variety of interpretation media. This article provides a reference for promoting the innovative development of children’s park design.

Peppermint is an important medicinal and economic crop with high value-added potential in deep processing. Menthol, its primary volatile component, possesses various biological activities. The research progress of menthol on the pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceutics and toxicology were reviewed based on relevant literature. In terms of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) of menthol is relatively low, and the mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (T_1/2) are short, indicating that it is metabolized rapidly in the body. In terms of pharmacodynamics, it exerts antibacterial effects by influencing the contents of phosphatidylcholine and other components in bacterial cell membranes; it has certain antiviral effects and enhances the immune system; it influences the formation of fungal biofilms and has good inhibitory effects on fungi such as Trichophyton and Microsporum canis; it reduces the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in cells and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), exerting anti-inflammatory effects; it promotes apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation and migration; it exerts analgesic effects by regulating calcium (Ca²⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) channels in nerve cells; and it has other pharmacological activities including antiparasitic, antioxidant and neuroregulatory effects. In pharmaceutics, menthol, as an efficient penetration enhancer, enhances the transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier, lymphatic permeability, intestinal epithelial barrier and skin permeability barrier by down-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5). In toxicology, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of this substance in rats and mice is higher than 4 000 mg/kg, indicating high safety; however, long term excessive use may cause adverse reactions such as reducing the tension of the esophageal, esophageal and gastric sphincters. This article provides a reference for the further promotion and application of menthol.

To promote sustainable agricultural development, the efficient water-saving irrigation technologies and their advantages were briefly introduced, the application of water-saving irrigation technologies was analyzed such as water conveyance, irrigation, and intelligent irrigation in agricultural water conservancy projects, and the targeted promotion strategies were proposed. Efficient water-saving irrigation technologies include drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation, as well as water and fertilizer integration, and other intelligent irrigation technologies, which can provide precise, timed, and quantitative irrigation based on the actual water demand and soil conditions of crops. In terms of application in agricultural water conservancy projects, water-saving irrigation technologies such as pipeline water supply and anti-seepage channel water supply can reduce water leakage and evaporation during the transportation process. Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other water-saving irrigation technologies can transport water to crops through local irrigation and other methods, which have advantages such as water conservation and yield increase; the intelligent irrigation system effectively improves the water-saving effect by real-time collection and processing of soil moisture and other information, and implementing intelligent management. The promotion strategy includes strengthening the unified planning of water-saving irrigation projects, increasing the acceptance and participation of growers; differentiated selection of suitable water-saving irrigation methods and provision of supporting operational training services; Apply water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system to provide personalized irrigation solutions. This article provides references for achieving efficient utilization of water resources and promoting the promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technology in agricultural water conservancy projects.

To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on pigeons intoxicated with Avermectin (AVM), this study randomly divided 40 king pigeons into 4 groups (10 pigeons per group): the blank control group (free access to food and water), the model group (fed with pigeon feed contaminated with 60 mg/kg AVM for 30 consecutive days), the low-dose APS group (after modeling, 5 mg/d APS was added to drinking water), and the high-dose APS group (after modeling, 10 mg/d APS was added to drinking water). The condition of pigeons in each group was observed, and their body weight, spleen index, and serum indicators including immunoglobulin A (IgA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured. The results showed that pigeons in the blank control group were in good mental condition. Pigeons in the model group showed signs of fatigue and lethargy, with a tendency to attack conspecifics, while the overall condition of the high-dose APS group was improved compared with the model group. Compared with the blank control group, the model group showed a significant decrease in body weight and spleen index（P<0.05）, as well as in the serum levels of IgA and IFN-γ（P<0.05、<0.01）, while the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-4 increased significantly（P<0.01）. After treatment, compared with the model group, the high-dose APS group exhibited a significant increase in body weight and spleen index（P<0.05）, along with significantly elevated serum levels of IgA and IFN-γ（P<0.05）, and a significant decrease in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-4（P<0.01、<0.05）; the serum TNF-α level in pigeons of the low-dose APS group decreased significantly（P<0.05）,. In conclusion, APS exerts a certain immunomodulatory effect on pigeons intoxicated with AVM, with the high-dose treatment (10 mg/d) demonstrating a better efficacy.

In this experiment, bitter rose petals were used as experimental material, water was used as the solvent, and steam distillation was used to extract rose hydrosol. Single-factor experiments (A solid-liquid ratio, B distillation time, C soaking time) and orthogonal experiments were used to determine the optimal combination of these factors. The sensory score, DPPH free radical scavenging rate, ABTS free radical scavenging rate of the combination were measured to determine the optimal extraction process of rose hydrosol. The single-factor experiment results showed that the optimal ratio m∶v for extracting rose hydrosol is 1∶4, the optimal distillation time is 20 min, and the optimal soaking time for petals is 8 h. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting the extraction of rose hydrosol in sequence were the solid-liquid ratio, distillation time, soaking time. The score of A₂B₂C₃ (the ratio of material to liquid m∶v is 1∶4, distillation time 20 min, soaking time 12 h) was the highest, reaching 8.2 points. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate and ABTS free radical scavenging rate of the rose hydrosol extracted from it were 66.27% and 66.78% respectively, indicating a strong antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the optimal process condition for extracting rose hydrosol is a material-to-liquid ratio of m∶v of 1∶4, a distillation time of 20 min, and a petal soaking time of 12 h. This article provides a reference for the comprehensive utilization of rose hydrosol resources.

To extend the processing cycle of mulberry fruits, the commonly used preservation techniques for mulberry storage, and the possible application of preservation techniques were discussed. Common preservation techniques includes physical preservation, chemical preservation, biological preservation, etc. Physical preservation methods such as refrigeration and controlled atmosphere storage can be used to slow down the rate of fruit quality decline; the commonly used preservatives for chemical preservation include sodium propionate, chlorine dioxide, and ethylene blocker 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP); biological preservation often uses coating preservation and biological preservation agents to inhibit mulberry fruit respiration and enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby extending the preservation period. In the future, technologies such as composite treatment of plant hormones with chitosan, new composite cling film, and film material modification can be considered for the preservation of mulberry fruits. This article provides references for promoting the effective utilization of medicinal mulberry resources and the high quality development of the industry.

Based on the practice of supporting and reinforcing the protection of ancient trees in the Forbidden City, the reasons for supporting and reinforcing ancient and famous trees were analyzed, and the types and technical key points of supporting ancient trees, pulling fibers and reinforcing with iron hoop in combination with examples were summarized. The reasons for support and reinforcement were hollow rot and splitting of the ancient tree body, tilting and crown deviation, increased load of the tree body, and shallow root distribution. The technical measures for the protection of ancient trees in the imperial courts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties included support with double “π”-shaped fir poles and multiple “T”-shaped fir poles. The support and reinforcement of ancient trees included 3 types: hard support, fiber drawing reinforcement and iron hoop reinforcement. Among them, hard support could be further classified into single-column“T” type, double-column “π” type and multi-column persimmon type support. Choose elastic support heads in a timely manner to promote the adaptive growth of ancient trees; the forms of cable bracing reinforcement could be selected as single lead type, triangular type, radial type and box type according to the morphological characteristics of the branches to be protected in the crown, and materials such as steel wire rope, steel bar or steel pipe could be chosen according to the thickness of the branches. Split tree trunks could be reinforced with iron hoops. This article provides a reference for the protection of ancient trees in cultural heritage sites.

The positive significance of promoting and applying microbial fertilizers was summarized. Furthermore, their specific application in crops such as rice, wheat, sweet potato, rape, soybean, and peanut was reviewed. The beneficial microorganisms in microbial fertilizers could decompose organic matter and activate nutrients, thereby improving soil fertility and plant disease resistance. Growth hormones secreted by these microorganisms were shown to promote crop growth and increase yield and quality. Additionally, these microorganisms were capable of degrading pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and heavy metal pollutants while suppressing soil-borne pathogens, thus contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems. The application effects of microbial fertilizers were demonstrated in various crops. In rice cultivation, when combined with chemical fertilizers, the number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight were significantly increased, while the germination rate and yield under low temperature conditions were improved. In wheat cultivation, photosynthetic efficiency was enhanced after application, and the incidence of powdery mildew and rust was effectively reduced. In sweet potato cultivation, the contents of starch, protein, and sugar were significantly increased by the application of microbial fertilizers. The germination of rapeseed seeds and the growth of seedlings were promoted when an appropriate amount was applied. In soybean and peanut cultivation, plant height, branch number, pod yield, and quality were significantly improved after the application of microbial fertilizers. This paper provided a reference for the scientific application and promotion of microbial fertilizers to support green and sustainable agricultural development.

The research progress related to the regulation of stomatal development and movement by light was summarized. Stomata, as an important channel for the exchange of gas and water between plants and the external environment, their development and movement are regulated by various environmental factors and play a significant role in the photosynthesis of plants. Stomatal development is regulated in a coordinated manner by internal and external environmental signals of plants. There are two hypotheses for the study of stomata’s response to light: one is the direct response of stomata to light, and the other is the indirect stomatal response caused by changes in intercellular CO₂ concentration. There are two pathways for the open response of stomata to light: the guard cell-specific blue light response pathway mediated by PHOT1/PHOT2 and the red light response pathway dependent on photosynthesis. Blue light participates in signal transduction through receptors such as PHOT1 and PHOT2, triggering K⁺ ion influx and promoting stomatal opening. Red light mainly participates in stomatal response through mesophyll photosynthesis. The red light response of stomata is an indirect reaction, which is caused by the response of guard cells to the reduction of intercellular CO₂ concentration resulting from mesophyll photosynthesis. In addition, green light can inhibit the opening of stomata induced by blue light, and plant hormones can directly regulate the movement of stomata and their response to external signals.

This study focuses on the Huangshan region of Anhui Province. The current application status and constraints of fertigation technology were analyzed, with corresponding promotion strategies proposed. The technology has been applied on a certain scale in the research region, yielding notable economic and ecological benefits, reducing labor intensity, and facilitating the intensive production and appropriately scaled operations. However, challenges remain, including uneven crop coverage (concentrated on cash crops such as fruits and vegetables, with limited promotion scale for grain crops); differences in infrastructure between regions and among business entities; constraints on application willingness of ordinary farmers due to the complex technical system, investment, and risks; farmer’ enthusiasm reduced due to equipment failures from inadequate water, electricity, and road infrastructure and external factors; restricted technology promotion due to insufficient compatibility between equipment and fertilizers and the lack of industry standards; and affected technology dissemination due to shortages of compound technical talents and insufficient training. To address these constraints, countermeasures are proposed, including improving field infrastructure construction; establishing a multi-level policy and technical procedure system to promote technology dissemination; constructing a collaborative promotion mechanism to facilitate technology application; enhancing infrastructure support and building a professional technical service system; advancing systematic research, development, and integration of equipment, fertilizers, and agronomy to enhance application effectiveness; strengthening technical guidance and multi-level training to cultivate compound technical talents. These research provide a reference for the large-scale promotion of fertigation technology in the Huangshan and similar areas.

The application of plant essential oil composite membranes in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation was summarized, and the construction of three edible composite membranes, namely chitosan composite membranes, protein composite membranes, and sodium alginate composite membranes, as well as the research progress of their applications in fruit and vegetable preservation were reviewed. Plant essential oils are green and natural preservatives for fruits and vegetables. They possess biological activities such as antioxidation and antibacterial properties, and are widely used in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. The application forms of plant essential oil composite films mainly include coating films and packaging films. Their development has solved the problems of poor stability and easy volatility of plant essential oils, and has shown good storage and preservation effects in the preservation of various fruits and vegetables. The selection of edible membranes mainly focuses on materials such as chitosan, protein, and sodium alginate. The combination of two or more materials enhances the comprehensive performance of the composite membranes. The three types of composite films, namely the edible composite film of plant essential oil - chitosan, the edible composite film of plant essential oil - protein, and the edible composite film of plant essential oil - sodium alginate, all have excellent antibacterial activity, which greatly extends the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and can better maintain the content of nutrients in fruits and vegetables. They have broad application prospects in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. This article provides a reference for expanding the application of plant essential oils.

The rapid propagation and container cultivation technology of Acer palmatum ‘Hongfei’ were summarized, and the regional trial results of it at 3 test sites in Jurong, Liyang and Wujiang, Jiangsu Province were analyzed. At all 3 test sites, Acer palmatum ‘Deshojoi’ was used as the control variety. The rapid propagation techniques include the construction of the spike nursery, the cultivation of rootstock seedlings, the cultivation of grafted seedlings and the management after grafting. A nursery with deep soil and good drainage should be selected as the spike nursery for Acer palmatum ‘Hongfei’. Healthy and disease-free excellent clones of 2 to 3 years old should be selected as the mother plants of the spike nursery. The survival rate of grafting by bud entraption in autumn is relatively high. Manage the grafted area scientifically. Container cultivation techniques include container selection, substrate selection, water and fertilizer management, and shaping and pruning. The container should be such that the root system of the seedlings naturally spreads in it. The substrate should be a mixture of peat and vermiculite. Apply a 1∶200 concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer solution or special fertilizer for seedling cultivation. Shaping and pruning should be carried out in a timely manner. The phenological period of this plant in the 3 experimental sites of Jurong, Liyang and Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, was earlier than that of the Acer palmatum ‘Deshojoi’. It had stable leaf color, good growth. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of Acer palmatum ‘Hongfei’ in garden green spaces in East China.

The japonica glutinous rice variety Wankennuo 1116 was used as the material, taking the spraying of plain water as the control (CK), Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different types of foliar fertilizers [treatment 1, Miaodundun (bio-based); treatment 2, Meizhouxing (nutrient-based); treatment 3, Abscisic acid + Indolebutyric acid (regulation-based); treatment 4, Liquid enzyme fertilizer (fertilizer-pesticide combination); treatment 5, zhenfengrui combination (composite-based)] on the growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and economic benefits of rice. The results showed that in terms of growth period and agronomic traits, the total growth period of all treatments was 156 d, and no significant effect of foliar fertilizers on the growth period was observed. However, the application of foliar fertilizers was found to reduce plant height (109.7-115.6 cm) and increase panicle length (16.7-17.8 cm). In terms of factors contributing to rice yield composition, the number of panicles in the foliar fertilizer treatments ranged from 229 000 to 276 000 panicles per 667 m², the seed setting rate was between 86.1% and 88.5%, and the 1 000-grain weight was 26.4-27.1 g. The rice yield under different foliar fertilizer treatments ranged from 696.4 to 751.6 kg per 667 m², with a cost-benefit ratio of 3.4-7.3. Among them, the microbial foliar fertilizer Miaodundun, the regulatory foliar fertilizer Abscisic acid + Indolebutyric acid, and the compound foliar fertilizer Zhenfengrui combination demonstrated better yield increasing and income enhancing effects. This study provides a reference for efficient fertilization management in rice production.

To compare the variety characteristics of 12 sweet maizes such as Jintianshun 100, Huitian 138, and Zhenzhenbang 6, a random block design was adopted to determine their agronomic traits such as plant height, panicle length and other panicle traits, as well as panicle weight and other yield traits. Correlation analysis among these traits was also conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences in traits such as plant height, ear position height, ear length and ear thickness of the tested varieties. Among them, the plant height of maize ranged from 206.2 to 325.6 cm, the ear position height ranged from 66.0 to 180.4 cm, the empty stalk rate ranged from 0 to 12.8%, and the double ear rate ranged from 1.6% to 22.4%. The length of the panicle ranges from 20.50 to 23.46 cm, the diameter of the panicle was from 20.40 to 23.67 cm, the length of the balding tip was from 0.66 to 2.88 cm, the number of rows of the panicle was from 13.2 to 20.4, and the number of grains in each row is from 38.3 to 48.8. The panicle weight ranged from 266.80 to 368.65 g, the weight per hundred grains ranged from 31.85 to 47.76 g, the yield ranged from 8 979.48 to 14 391.56 kg/hm², and the seed yield ranged from 56.42% to 87.00%. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between the length and thickness of sweet maize ears, the number of rows and the position of the ears, the plant height and the height of the ears, the thickness of the ears and the yield, the number of rows and the plant height, and the weight of the ears and the yield. Overall, the agronomic traits of Zhenzhenbang No. 6 are generally good, and the yield of Jinguang 597 was the highest. This article provides a reference for the breeding of high yield sweet corn varieties.

As one of the common garden pests, termites hinder the absorption and transmission of water and nutrients by plants, which in turn leads to weak growth of plants and seriously affects the overall health and sustainable development of garden greening. The biological characteristics, damage features of termites in landscaping and their impacts on the economy and ecology were systematically analyzed. At the same time, an integrated management strategy that combines physical control, biological control and chemical control was proposed. Termites have slender bodies with flat abdomens. Their mouthparts are suitable for chewing and they are well-suited to feeding on plant-based foods such as wood. It is composed of various roles such as worker ants, soldiers and reproductive ants. The types, ages and health conditions of garden plants all affect the extent of termite infestation, and the internal structure of wood that had been eroded by termites was hollowed out and damaged, and its compressive strength dropped significantly. Termites have had certain negative impacts on both the economy and the ecology. Termite erosion not only accelerates the decay and damage of wood but also disrupts the natural balance of the garden ecosystem. Adopting a comprehensive management strategy that combines physical control, biological control and chemical control is conducive to reducing the damage caused by termites. In terms of physical control, termites can be controlled through methods such as temperature regulation, sound wave pest control, light attraction, and obstacle protection. In terms of biological control, termites are controlled by the introduction of natural enemies and the application of biological agents. In terms of chemical control, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids and imidacloprid are used to control termites. This article provides a reference for the systematic management of termites and the improvement of the quality of landscaping.

Plant essential oils have natural antibacterial and antioxidant properties and have become a plant-based preservative in the field of food preservation. On the basis of summarizing the types and extraction methods of plant essential oils, the preparation methods of edible films containing essential oils, and their applications in food preservation were reviewed. Common plant essential oils include functional essential oils, seasoning essential oils, etc. Conventional extraction methods include pressing and steam distillation, while new extraction techniques include enzyme extraction and ultrasonic extraction. According to the main types of raw materials for edible films, they can be divided into polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and complex types; essential oils-loaded edible films is the process of incorporating plant essential oils into the edible film; among them, the selection of essential oils needs to consider their antioxidant, antibacterial, safety, and impact on food flavor. In terms of food preservation applications, the use of edible films such as Cinnamonum cassia essential oil and Alpinia galanga essential oil can delay the browning and decay process of fruits and vegetables such as Mangifera indica and Citrus reticulate; the edible films such as Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil and Mentha spicate essential oil can keep good color of meat such as pork and beef; the application of edible films such as lychee wood essential oil can extend the shelf life of aquatic products, edible fungi, grains, etc. This article provides a reference for the application of essential oils-loaded edible films in food preservation.

The concepts and principles of low-carbon design for urban garden landscapes were explored, and strategies for enhancing landscape carbon sinks were proposed. In terms of low-carbon landscape design, it mainly unfolds from three aspects: life cycle, ecological approaches, and application in garden plant landscape design. Among them, the low-carbon design concept based on the life cycle requires the comprehensive implementation of low-carbon principles throughout the entire cycle of landscape design and construction, striving to achieve low-carbon goals in all stages of the project. Low-carbon garden planning and construction under the ecological approach focuses on achieving low-carbon goals by utilizing the functions of natural ecosystems, including strategies such as expanding the scale of urban green spaces and optimizing the layout of green spaces. The application principles of the low-carbon concept in the design of garden plant landscapes include creating scenes by utilizing existing terrain and configuring native plants, etc. The infiltration methods include selecting appropriate plant species, optimizing plant configuration methods, and improving maintenance levels, etc. In terms of carbon sink enhancement strategies, by increasing the green volume of the city, rationally planning the landscape layout, choosing appropriate carbon-sequestration plants and optimizing the plant configuration, the ecological and economic benefits of the garden landscape have been effectively enhanced. This article provides a reference for the sustainable development of cities and the improvement of carbon sinks in garden landscapes.

To investigate the effects of different combinations of cultivation substrates and fertilizer ratios on the initial growth of the upper buds of Dendrobium nobile, using the upper buds of Dendrobium nobile as the research material, this study employed substrates composed of different volume ratios of bark, peat soil, orchid stone, and moss, and selected water-soluble fertilizers and slow-release fertilizers with different N, P, and K ratios for the experiment. 9 combinations of cultivation substrates [substrate 1 (peat soil), substrate 2 (V_bark∶ V_{peat soil} = 1∶1), substrate 3 (V_bark∶V_{peat soil} = 2∶1), substrate 4 (V_bark∶V_{peat soil} = 3∶1), substrate 5 (V_bark∶V_{peat soil} = 4∶1), substrate 6 (bark), substrate 7 (V_bark∶V_moss = 3∶1), substrate 8 (V_{orchid stone}∶V_{peat soil} = 3∶1), substrate 9 (V_{orchid stone}∶ V_moss = 3∶1)] and 7 fertilizer ratio treatments [CK (clear water), fertilizer 1 (N∶P∶K ratio was 7∶6∶19), fertilizer 2 (N∶P∶K ratio was 20∶30∶20), fertilizer 3 (N∶P∶K ratio was 25∶5∶20), fertilizer 4 (N∶P∶K ratio was 30∶10∶10), fertilizer 5 (N∶P∶K ratio was 20∶20∶20), fertilizer 6 (N∶P∶K ratio of 20∶20∶20 + N∶P∶K ratio of 14∶14∶14), fertilizer 7 (N∶P∶K ratio was 14∶14∶14)] were set up. The height, number of germinated plants, number of stem nodes, maximum number of leaves per plant and stem diameter of the upper buds of Dendrobium nobile in each treatment were measured. The results showed that the plant growth of Dendrobium nobile was optimal under substrate 8 treatment, with better plant height, number of germinated plants, number of stem clusters, longest number of leaf stems, and stem thickness compared to other substrates. Dendrobium nobile growed the best when planted in fertilizer 6, with better plant height, number of germinated plants, number of stem clusters, maximum number of leaves per plant, and stem thickness compared to other fertilizers. This research can provide a reference for the large-scale production of Dendrobium nobile in the Fujian region.

To investigate the regulatory effects of mixed application of 3% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate · 27% ethephon and zinc sulfate on summer maize, Hanyu 398 was used as the experimental material. 5 fertilization treatments were set up: F0 (no fertilization), F1 (conventional compound fertilizer), F2 (sulfur-coated slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer), F3 (urea-formaldehyde slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer), and F4 (polymer-coated slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer). 3 spray treatments were applied: P0 (spraying with clear water), P1 (spraying with 3% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·27% ethephon), and P2 (spraying with 3% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·27% ethephon + zinc sulfate). The effects of each treatment on plant traits, ear traits, and yield of summer maize were analyzed. The results showed that, across all fertilization treatments, compared with P0, P1 reduced plant height, ear height, 1000-kernel weight, and kernel number per ear by 3.0-14.6 cm, 3.0-12.3 cm, 2.5-15.0 g, and 3.1-59.5 grains, respectively, while yield was reduced by 1.5%-18.9%. In contrast, compared with P1, P2 increased plant height, ear height, 1000-kernel weight, and kernel number per ear by 1.0-14.5 cm, 1.5-10.5 cm, 0.5-16.0 g, and 4.4-40.8 grains, respectively, while yield was increased by 1.2%-17.9%. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the combined application of 3% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·27% ethephon and zinc sulfate could achieve better chemical control effects in maize cultivation.