In order to select new summer maize varieties suitable for cultivation in Northwest Anhui Province, 106 maize varieties including Dongdan 6531, Fengda 611, Hua’anyu No.2, Dongdan 1971, Hua’anyu and Dongdan 905 were used as experimental materials, among which 33 varieties such as Dongdan 6531 and Hefengda 611 were planted at 60 000 plants /hm², 56 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 1971 were planted at 75 000 plants /hm², and 17 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 905 were planted at 90 000 plants /hm². The results showed that there were 7 excellent varieties in 60 000 plants /hm² density group (Fengda 611, Fengdecunyu 13, Quankeyu 900, Jingnongke 767, Ruihuayu 3, Ruihuayu 288 and Gushenyu 6). 15 excellent varieties (Fengda 602, Nongyu 662, Quanke 789, Fuyu 188, Yanyu 604, Shuoqiu 702, ZY806, Kangnongyu 889, Mingtian 695, Mingtian 636V2, Xianyu 1773, Denghai 1717, Hangyan 9013, K1998 and Dika 653) in the density group of 75 000 plants /hm²; There were 5 excellent varieties in 90 000 plants /hm² density group (Shuoyu 551, TH3366, Zhongkenyu 561, Jingnongyu 658 and Luyan 106). The above varieties can be further planted for demonstration in the study area.

To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

旱优3015是上海市农业生物基因中心以节水抗旱稻优质三系不育系沪旱7A为母本,早熟矮秆强优势恢复系旱恢3015为父本配组而成的早熟高产籼型节水抗旱稻三系杂交组合,具有节水抗旱、早熟高产、株高矮、综合性状优和适应性广等优点,适合在长江中下游作一季稻种植。本文介绍了该组合的选育过程、组合特征特性及制种栽培技术要点,为节水抗旱水稻旱优3015的示范推广提供参考。

瓜蒌是药食两用的植物品种,不仅可以用于加工、生产食用瓜蒌籽,还可作为中药材的原料,其食用价值、药用价值和保健价值均较高。为发展瓜蒌特色产业,探究瓜蒌高产种植栽培技术要点,本文总结分析了瓜蒌高产栽培技术,以增加从业者收入,推动农业增产增效,为瓜蒌产业高质量发展提供参考。

To investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on seed germination and growth of wheat, two cultivars, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15, were selected as experimental materials. 6 Zn concentration gradients (ZnSO₄ 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) were set, with 0 mg/L as the control (CK). The germination indicators, growth indicators and physiological indicators of each group were measured. The results showed that in terms of germination parameters, as Zn concentration increased, the germination potential and germination rate of both wheat cultivars first increased and then decreased; at 100 mg/L Zn, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15 exhibited higher germination rates and germination potentials. Regarding growth indicators, with increasing Zn concentration, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of both cultivars initially increased and then decreased, whereas root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight gradually declined. For physiological indices, as Zn concentration increased, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in both wheat cultivars showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In contrast, peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content progressively increased, while free proline content first decreased and then increased. In conclusion, Zn concentrations of 50-100 mg/L were conducive to the seed germination and seeding growth of Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15; Zn concentration exceeding 100 mg/L had a certain inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination.

To screen high yield, high quality, and stress resistant rice varieties suitable for promotion and planting in the Western Anhui rice region, 24 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019 and Chufengyoujingxiangsi Miao were conducted in the high standard farmland demonstration area of Jin’an District, Lu’an City, Anhui Province. The comprehensive evaluation included their growth duration, resistance performance, yield, and field growth performance. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was between 121 to 133 days; no varieties showed symptoms of leaf blast, neck blast, white leaf blight, sheath blight, or rice blast disease, and some varieties experienced lodging; there were 10 varieties with yields exceeding 9 000 kg/hm², including Quanliangyou 6019, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yuanliangyou 1612, etc. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of their field growth, and 19 varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Chufengyoujingxiangsimiao, and Guanliangyou 3 performed well. Overall, 12 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Guanliangyou 3, Liangyou 1573, Xinliangyou 2081, Yuanliangyou 816, Liangyou 5043, Xinliangyou 1, Zhuanliangyou 0688, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yualiangyou 1612, Xiliangyouyuhesimiao, and Huiliangyou 985 had strong stress resistance and high yields, and were suitable for promotion and planting in relevant areas.

The entry of heavy metals into soil may cause degradation of soil quality and lead to changes in the ecological characteristics of soil microorganisms. The impacts of heavy metal types and concentrations on microbial respiratory rate, biomass, biomass carbon, diversity, community structure, and functional genes in soil were summarized. Additionally, research in the field of microbial molecular ecology of heavy metal-contaminated soil was prospected, aiming to provide a reference for studying the effect of heavy metal pollution on soil microbial characteristics.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

节水抗旱稻是一种新型的水稻品种,具有高产优质、节水抗旱和适应性广的特点。本文介绍了节水抗旱稻的发展优势,包括应对高温干旱环境变化,减少水利基础设施建设投入,降低生产成本和劳动强度,扩大水稻种植面积,以及保障水稻生产安全等;探讨丰产栽培技术,包括应选择地势平坦、排灌方便的连片地块,选择适应栽培地气候条件的品种进行机械化穴播,播后采取“一封、二杀、三补”的杂草防除方式,水分以自然降水为主,田间持水量较低时可采取微喷灌方式,病虫害以防治根结线虫、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、水稻细菌性条斑病、纹枯病和稻瘟病等为主,可采取“一喷多促”方式在防治病虫草害的同时,促进作物生长。目的在于为节水抗旱稻的推广和产量提高提供参考。

Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by various fungus such as Fusarium is a typical fungal soil-borne disease. In recent years, the frequency and severity of the disease are increasing, which poses a serious threat to wheat production and food security. The occurrence characteristics, regularity and causes of Fusarium crown rot of wheat were reviewed, and the comprehensive control measures combining agricultural control, chemical control and biological control were put forward, in order to provide some technical references for the comprehensive control of Fusarium crown rot of wheat.

The common types of pests and diseases in corn production and their harmful symptom were reviewed, and strategies for the control of corn pests and diseases were explained from the aspects of agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control. Diseases such as top rot, bacterial stalk rot, leaf spot, sheath blight, and rust were commonly found in corn, while common insect pests include armyworms, corn aphids, corn borers, and thrips. The effective control of pests and diseases issues in the corn planting process was achieved through the comprehensive use of various means such as biological control, chemical control, and precision agriculture techniques, thereby ensuring the yield and quality of corn. A reference for the scientific and efficient control of pests and diseases in corn production was provided.

The species, host plants, damage parts，damage degree and community composition of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in Chongming District of Shanghai were investigated by detailed investigation method and spot investigation method. The results showed that there were 122 species in 24 families, including 21 families, 118 species and 4 dominant species of Lepidoptera, 3 families, 4 species and 2 dominant species of Hymenoptera. In terms of the degree of harm, there were 79 minor (+) species, accounting for 64.75%; 37 species with moderate (++) damage, accounting for 30.33%; 6 species with damage (+++), accounting for 4.92%. There were many species of leaf-eating pests in the study area, but their composition and structure were relatively simple, and the species that could cause serious damage were mainly concentrated in a few families. In view of the harmful characteristics of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in this area, the comprehensive control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants was proposed. The control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants should adhere to the principle of “prevention first and comprehensive control”, and improve the insect-resistant ability of garden plants based on the forest management measures of resistant tree species. At the same time, the occurrence law of pests should be mastered and appropriate comprehensive control measures should be taken in time, to reduce the scope of occurrence of pests, reduce the degree of harm of pests. This study provided a reference for the control of garden plant leaf-eating pests in this area and ecologically similar areas.

To screen high quality rapeseed varieties with good resistance and high yield suitable for promotion in Wuwei City, Anhui Province, Fengyou 737 was used as a control,12 rapeseed varieties including Zhongyouza 39, Ningza 158, and Huihaoyou 12 were selected for display experiments, and comprehensive analysis was conducted on indicators such as growth process, stress resistance, economic traits, and yield. The results showed that there were differences in the growth process among different varieties, with the entire growth period ranging from 225 to 231 days; in terms of resistance, each tested variety experienced more severe frost damage and relatively less occurrence of clubroot disease under the climatic conditions of the study area that year; in terms of economic traits and yield, the plant height of each variety ranges from 125.1 to 168.8 cm, the number of siliques per plant ranges from 180.3 to 322.3, and the yield ranges from 1 986.45 to 3 552.00 kg/hm²; in terms of planting benefits, the chemical benefits of various varieties range from 11 918.7 to 21 312.0 yuan/hm², with Huihaoyou 12 having the highest pure benefit. Overall, Zhongyouza 39, Ningza 158, Huihaoyou 12, Huideyou 88, and Heyou 5 have a moderate growth period and good comprehensive resistance performance, and their economic and yield traits are coordinated.

To verify the effects of microbial agents on tobacco growth and development, the seedling stage (A, without mixing microbial agents; B, mix 1 500 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate; C, mix 3 000 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate.), and during transplanting (D, no microbial agents; E, 7 500 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai”; F, 15 000 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai”) on the agronomic traits and physiological indicators of tobacco plants. The results showed that adding microbial agents (1 500-3 000 g/hm²) to the seedling substrate could increase the ratio of bound water to free water in tobacco seedlings by 6.10% to 6.46%. Spraying microbial agents (7 500-15 000 g/hm²) during transplantation could improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, increasing the dry weight of fibrous roots by 50.53%-53.87%, root vitality by 15.91%-16.78%, and leaf nitrogen content by 12.58%-14.57%; at the same time, the treatment with microbial agents increased the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and other enzymes in tobacco plants, extended the field growth period by 5 days. Overall, the rational application of microbial agents can promote early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants, improve fertilizer absorption and utilization, cultivate strong root systems, enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants, and mix 1 500 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agents with seedling substrate, it is advisable to apply 7 500 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai” microbial inoculant during transplantation.

Canine distemper is a non zoonotic disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study focuses on dogs suspected of suffering from canine distemper, and diagnoses them through clinical examination, blood biochemical indicators, blood routine indicators,and antigen detection; adopt methods such as combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Sangju Yinqiao powder decoction + Doxycycline powder, etc.) and treating based on syndrome differentiation to treat it. The results showed that the diseased dogs had poor mental state, frequent sneezing, thick nasal discharge, and bleeding. The concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and globulin in the diseased dog were higher than the reference values. The total number of white blood cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were significantly increased. The antigen test was positive. All the evidence indicates that the dog is suffering from canine distemper.After treatment, the dog’s condition improved, and its appetite, mental state, blood biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators all returned to normal. This article provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

To investigate the comprehensive impact of organic-inorganic fertilizer blending on wheat growth, yield formation, and soil quality, with the aim to develop a scientifically sound optimal fertilization regimen tailored for local wheat production that promotes efficient reduction in chemical fertilizer usage while enhancing its effectiveness. 5 distinct treatments were established: the control group (CK), conventional inorganic fertilizer application, a treatment where chemical fertilizer was reduced by 20% combined with organic fertilizer application, another where chemical fertilizer was decreased by 40% in conjunction with organic fertilizer use, and a scenario where chemical fertilizer was diminished by 60% along with organic fertilizer supplementation. These treatments were evaluated through field plot experiments. The results elucidated that the varying effects of different proportions of blended organic and inorganic fertilizers on wheat plant growth characteristics, ultimate yield performance, and soil properties. Notably, the treatment where chemical fertilizer application was reduced by 20% and complemented with organic fertilizer demonstrated the highest wheat yields (8 910 kg/hm²) among all treatments. Compared to exclusive use of chemical fertilizers, the judicious combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers not only significantly enhanced the growth and high-yielding potential of wheat but also effectively improved and optimized soil quality, thus illustrating favorable ecological and economic benefits in agricultural practice.

Southern highbush blueberry cultivar L25 was used as the experimental material. The fruit was sprayed with exogenous gibberellin (GA₃) at the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L. Using water treatment as control (CK), the fruit mass, fruit transverse diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter and other appearance indicators, the contents of soluble solids, titrable acid and soluble sugar were measured after ripening. The results showed that in terms of fruit appearance, compared with CK, the appearance of blueberry fruits treated with different concentrations of GA₃ was improved in general, and the single fruit weight and transverse diameter of fruit treated with 100 mg/L GA₃ were larger, which increased by 10.0% and 1.6% compared with CK, respectively. In intrinsic quality aspect， compared with CK, the total amount of soluble solids was basically the same, soluble sugar content decreased significantly, titrable acid, vitamin C and anthocyanin contents increased significantly, and titrable acid and vitamin C contents at 50 mg/L GA₃ treatment increased by 15.1% and 66.3% compared with CK. The anthocyanin content of 100 mg/L GA₃ treatment was 28.4% higher than that of CK. In conclusion, suitable exogenous GA₃ can improve the appearance and quality of blueberry fruit, and 50 and 100 mg/L GA₃ can improve the quality of blueberry fruit better.

农业智能传感器是一种智能感知农业环境参数的设备。在智慧农业发展背景下,现代农业的信息化、智能化发展离不开农业智能传感器的广泛应用。农业智能传感器的应用与普及可以帮助农民精确地制定种植策略,提高作物的产量和质量,减少资源浪费和环境污染。本文阐述了智慧农业背景下农业智能传感器的应用现状,剖析了农业智能传感器自身、数据传输通信和数据处理方面存在的问题,并提出了解决措施和建议,为推广应用农业智能传感器提供参考。

The characteristics, suitable planting areas, cultivation techniques, and high-yield seed production techniques of Quanxiangyou 89 were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. This variety is planted in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and exhibits characteristics such as suitable growth period, excellent rice quality, and high-yield; it is suitable for planting in areas with low incidence of rice blast disease, such as Pingba hilly rice growing areas in Sichuan Province and mid to low altitude indica rice growing areas in Yunnan Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques include early sowing in time and cultivating multi-tiller seedling; heavy application of bottom fertilizer, timely topdressing; dry and wet alternate pipe water and timely pest control. High-yield seed production techniques include post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 250-500 meters; according to the different seed production seasons, ensure that the parental sowing difference period is between 6.5 and 7.5 leaves; soaking seeds with pesticides, spraying paclobutrazol, etc., to promote the health, dwarfism, and multiple tillering of seedlings; arranging a parent to parent ratio of 1∶8; managing fertilizer and water according to the growth of seedlings in the field; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as neck blight and rice planthopper based on actual field investigations and local pest and disease reports; adopting the method of young ear peeling to predict flowering period, it is advisable to use the same period as the parents in the early stage of young ear differentiation; spraying gibberellin when the panicle reaches 15%; pay attention to removing impurities and maintaining purity throughout the entire seed production process; harvesting begins when 75% of the seeds are ripe and dried promptly after harvesting. This article provides references for the demonstration and promotion of high-yield seed production techniques for Quanxiangyou 89.

“Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun” are lotus varieties that have been bred through pollination and crossbreeding methods, with “Xihu Honglian” serving as the male parent and “Qiu Yan” and “Qiu Xing” as the female parents. These varieties are known for their cold tolerance and extended flowering periods. The breeding process, morphological characteristics, biological habits, and propagation applications of these two lotus varieties were summarized and analyzed in this paper, providing a reference for the breeding and application of cold-tolerant and long-flowering lotus varieties. “Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun” were classified as large plant types, and it was found that their blooming periods extend until the middle of October and November, respectively. After being subjected to a second planting, “Xianghu Qiuyun” can have its blooming period extended to December 10th. Flowering periods of 154 and 133 days were observed for “Xihu Qiuyun” and “Xianghu Qiuyun,” respectively. These varieties are characterized by bright flower colors, large petals, and strong adaptability to the environment, and they are considered suitable for widespread use in the construction of wetland parks, river and lakeside landscape greening projects, and the beautification of community water bodies.

The formation mechanism and functional characteristics of protein-polysaccharide complex products have become one of the research focuses in the field of agricultural product processing. The mechanism, influencing factors, and functional properties of protein-polysaccharide complexes were explored. When proteins are mixed into a solution containing polysaccharides, two characteristic substances meet and produce electrostatic attraction or electrostatic repulsion, thereby forming a complex or discrete solution; the influencing factors of the interaction between the two include their own properties such as chemical composition and molecular arrangement, pH, the ratio of the two concentrations and other external conditions, as well as the treatment processes such as pressure, pressure reduction, and stirring speed. Protein-polysaccharide complexes have rheological properties, fat substitutes, gas-liquid or liquid-liquid two-phase interfaces, can partially or completely replace fat or prepare edible films and coatings, etc. This article provides a reference for the in-depth research and development of protein-polysaccharide complexes.

To investigate the effects of the plant growth regulator Iron Chlorine e6 on rice growth, an experiment was conducted using the rice variety Ningxiangjing 9. The following treatments were applied: seed dressing with 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 (A1, 22.5 g/hm²; A2, 45.0 g/hm²; A3, 67.5 g/hm²; A4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the jointing stage (B1, 22.5 g/hm²; B2, 45.0 g/hm²; B3, 67.5 g/hm²; B4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the booting stage (C1, 22.5 g/hm²; C2, 45.0 g/hm²; C3, 67.5 g/hm²; C4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control). The traits, yield, and safety of rice plants under different treatments were determined. The results showed that foliar spraying of 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 soluble powder increased panicle length and plant height, while seed dressing effectively thickened the basal internodes and enhanced lodging resistance. Both methods, at application rates of 45.0-90.0 g/hm², prevented lodging. Both seed dressing and foliar spraying of Iron Chlorine e6 increased the hundred-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield of rice, with yield increases ranging from 2.14% to 11.95%. The C4 treatment achieved the highest yield (11 303.55 kg/hm²). All treatments were safe for rice growth. Considering economic benefits, it is recommended to apply 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 at 67.5 g/hm² during the booting stage to improve rice yield.

Balcony agriculture is gradually expanding the public's understanding of urban agriculture, effectively bringing people and nature closer together. Balcony agriculture is conducive to meeting the needs of urban residents to experience farming and relieve stress, and it not only has ornamental and edible value, but also provides various functions such as leisure and science education. The main application model of balcony agriculture were introduced, with a focus on analyzed the current development status of balcony agriculture and the areas for improvement in planting cost investment, industrial chain improvement, planted management technology standards, and promotion. Solutions were also proposed, including establishing a sound supporting service system for balcony agriculture, doing a good job in breeding balcony agriculture varieties, optimizing existing technologies, and vigorously promoting balcony agriculture, providing reference for the development of this industry.

Based on the planting practice of Dendrobium officinale, the common diseases and pests and its prevention measures were summarized and analyzed in the process of artificial planting of this plant from the aspects of occurrence patterns, harmful symptoms, and prevention and control measures. The common diseases in the research area were divided into infectious diseases (anthracnose, soft rot, root rot, leaf spot disease, etc.) and non infectious diseases. Infectious diseases could spread and were mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Non infectious diseases could not spread between plants, mainly due to improper cultivation management and other reasons. Common pests that cause significant damage included slugs, snails, spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. Based on the characteristics of different diseases and pests, comprehensive control measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control had been proposed, providing references for further improving the product quality of artificial cultivation of Dendrobium officinale.

Based on the current status of ratoon rice production in Qianshan City, Anhui Province, the aspects needing improvement were analyzed, and its corresponding industrial development strategies were proposed. The ratoon rice production was incorporated into the high quality agricultural development project in the study area, with a steady increase in planting area. In 2023, the demonstration planting of ratoon rice Quanyou 822 in Huangpu Town achieved a total yield of 13 609.5 kg/hm² and a profit of 10 341.27 yuan/hm². However, deficiencies were identified in varietal selection, cultivation techniques, brand building level, scale of operation, and socialized services. To address these issues, several countermeasures were proposed: lodging resistant and machine harvestable varieties were promoted; optimized sowing and seedling-raising techniques, precision fertilization, integrated “three-prevention and two-control” pest management, and simplified mechanical harvesting systems were implemented; regional public brands were established with “three certifications and one standard” accreditation, and agritourism demonstration parks were developed; new agricultural business entities were fostered, and “one-stop” agricultural machinery service cooperatives were established to improve the supply and marketing system and reduce production costs. This article provides reference for the high-quality development of the ratoon rice industry in the research area and similar regions.

In order to explore the response of ecosystem services in the Yellow River Delta under the background of land use change, remote sensing and geographic information technology were used to quantify land use dynamic attitude, land use intensity and ecosystem service value, and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value were analyzed in the research area from 1985 to 2019. The coupling relationship between land use intensity and ecosystem service value was analyzed based on the coupling coordination model. The results showed that, (1) From 1985 to 2019, the area of construction land and water body in the research area showed an increasing trend, while the area of bare land, grassland and cultivated land showed a decreasing trend. The dynamic attitude value of cultivated land was small and the inter-annual change was small, while the dynamic attitude value of water body was large and the inter-annual change was large. The land use intensity in the research area was characterized by the increase of spatial characteristics from coastal to inland. (2) In the southeast coast the grassland area decreased and the ecosystem service showed an weakentrend; in the northwest coast, affected by the increase of water area, the ecosystem service value showed an upward trend. In the inland part of the delta, the ecosystem service value was relatively low due to the increase of construction land area. (3) The coupling coordination between ecosystem service value and land use intensity in the research area showed an increasing trend from 1985 to 2019, the newly added areas of high coordinated development were mainly located in the transition area from inland delta to the coast, and moderate unbalanced development were mainly distributed in the coastal areas. The research provided a reference for high-quality development and resource and environment monitoring in the Yellow River Delta.

The nutritional value, processing technology and product development of potato residue were summarized and analyzed, the relationship between the development and utilization of potato residue and environmental protection was expounded, and the development prospect of potato residue and the aspects to be improved were discussed, so as to provide references for realizing efficient utilization of potato residue resources, green sustainable development and environmental protection. Potato residue is rich in nutrients such as fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable resource for various industries. By utilizing advanced processing technologies, potato residue can be converted into high-value products such as feed, biofuels, and biodegradable plastics. These products not only reduce waste and relieve environmental pollution but also contribute to the development of a circular economy. However, there are still challenges to overcome in the efficient utilization of potato residue.,including technical limitations, market constraints, and security. By adopting innovative technologies and strategies, potato residue can be transformed a waste product into a valuable resource, achieving the utilization of agricultural waste resources and environmental protection.

To investigate the species of Hesperiidae butterflies in the Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, and with reference to HJ 710.9—2014 Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Monitoring—Butterflies, butterfly surveys were conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. Using the netting method during sunny weather between 9:00 and 17:00, five representative habitat transects were selected, with monthly surveys conducted. Species identification was performed by referring to resources such as The Chinese Butterfly Illustrated Guide. The results revealed 31 species belonging to 19 genera of Hesperiidae in the study area. Compared with previous literature records, 22 newly recorded species were identified, including Abraximorpha davidii, Ampittia virgata, and Baoris farri. Additionally, Pelopidas conjuncta and Potanthus tibetana were recorded for the first time in Guizhou Province. These findings provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of butterfly resources in the region.

Unrational use of antibiotics can lead to resistance in bacteria, finding potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics has become the focus of current research. Antimicrobial peptides represent promising options owing to their unique antimicrobial mechanisms, which render them less prone to induce resistance. Moreover, antimicrobial peptides possess broad-spectrum bioactivities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, tumor cells, etc. and have been implemented in many areas. This article provided a introduction to the classification, mechanisms of action and application in food processing and other fields of antimicrobial peptides, to provide a reference for relevant studies of antimicrobial peptides.

The method of combining field investigation and literature review were adopted, through the investigation and analysis of Huyang tomato industry, the development status of village characteristic industry and the link that needs to be improved were discussed. In view of the aspects such as the scale of village-level characteristic industries, villagers’ agricultural technology knowledge, brand benefits of agricultural products and e-commerce operation of agricultural products, the development path of village-level characteristic industries such as “one village, one product” + cooperatives, brands + technological innovation, investment + industrial diversification, rural talents + capable people + training, village-level cultural symbols + spiritual and cultural industries was proposed to provide references for the development of village-level industries under the background of rural industry revitalization.

An overview of traditional and modern breeding techniques currently used for vegetable crops was provided. Traditional breeding includes extensive hybridization, inbreeding, etc. Although it can improve crop traits, it has limitations such as low efficiency and high cost. The introduction of modern breeding techniques such as mutagenesis and genome editing can effectively improve breeding efficiency and accuracy; the progress of genome sequencing and functional genomics has provided the possibility for a profound understanding of vegetable genomes and promoted precise improvement of traits; molecular marker technology and transgenic technology have also provided new means to improve vegetable yield, quality, and stress tolerance. By using these technologies for vegetable crop breeding, the adaptability and economic value of crops can be enhanced, ensuring food safety and nutritional requirements. In the future, we will continue to explore the potential of genome assisted breeding and apply technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to vegetable breeding, providing references for the development of high-yield, disease resistant, and stress tolerant vegetable varieties.

将枣粉添加到基础日粮中可以提高产蛋鸡的生产性能、鸡蛋品质和经济效益。为进一步增加养殖户收益,提高鸡蛋的营养价值,本研究在蛋鸡基础日粮中添加枣粉,通过试验确定最佳枣粉添加比例。研究结果表明,试验4组（枣粉添加比例8%）下蛋鸡产蛋性能更好、鸡蛋品质更好且蛋鸡产业经济效益更高,可最大程度地增加鸡蛋的营养和价值,该枣粉添加比例值得推广。

To explore the potential of poisonous plants to reduce the risk of airport bird strikes, the methods of direct observation, touch and smell were used to investigate the toxic plants in the airport grounds and flight paths of in Dalian International Airport. The results showed that 24 families and 58 species of poisonous plants were distributed in the research area, among which the most poisonous plant was Euphorbia fischeriana. According to the results of the investigation, the reasons for the repellent of birds by poisonous plants were analyzed, and measures such as strengthening the protection of poisonous plants, increasing the types and quantity of poisonous plants, optimizing the ecological environment, and strengthening the scientific research and monitoring were put forward, so as to protect the species and quantity of birds in the investigation area and reduce the damage to birds by bird strikes.

To meet the development needs of the energy industry and cultivate outstanding engineering and technological talents who can adapt to and lead the new round of energy technology revolution and industrial transformation, conducted teaching reform research on the compulsory course of Heat Transfer in the field of biomass energy in agricultural universities. In response to the complex teaching content, single teaching model, and need for optimization of assessment and evaluation methods in this course, combined with the CDIO educational concept, corresponding teaching reform measures were proposed. Specifically, it includes the integration of “online+offline” and the implementation of flipped classrooms; introducing CDIO educational concept and strengthening case teaching; promoting learning through competitions and stimulating enthusiasm for learning; integrating ideological and political elements to enhance ideological and political awareness; reforming the assessment method and increasing the intensity of process based assessment. Through specific engineering cases, students’ classroom participation had been improved, teacher-student interaction had been strengthened, and it was conducive to cultivating students’ critical thinking. Provides a reference for research on teaching reform and innovation in similar courses.

Based on the practice of supporting and reinforcing the protection of ancient trees in the Forbidden City, the reasons for supporting and reinforcing ancient and famous trees were analyzed, and the types and technical key points of supporting ancient trees, pulling fibers and reinforcing with iron hoop in combination with examples were summarized. The reasons for support and reinforcement were hollow rot and splitting of the ancient tree body, tilting and crown deviation, increased load of the tree body, and shallow root distribution. The technical measures for the protection of ancient trees in the imperial courts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties included support with double “π”-shaped fir poles and multiple “T”-shaped fir poles. The support and reinforcement of ancient trees included 3 types: hard support, fiber drawing reinforcement and iron hoop reinforcement. Among them, hard support could be further classified into single-column“T” type, double-column “π” type and multi-column persimmon type support. Choose elastic support heads in a timely manner to promote the adaptive growth of ancient trees; the forms of cable bracing reinforcement could be selected as single lead type, triangular type, radial type and box type according to the morphological characteristics of the branches to be protected in the crown, and materials such as steel wire rope, steel bar or steel pipe could be chosen according to the thickness of the branches. Split tree trunks could be reinforced with iron hoops. This article provides a reference for the protection of ancient trees in cultural heritage sites.

本文研究2019—2023年国审小麦品种的全生育期、株高、品质以及单产的变化趋势,分析了其在各麦区的分布情况以及与单产的关系。结果表明,（1）各麦区小麦的全生育期在2023年较前几年均有所缩短,5年间各麦区的全生育期分布趋势几乎一致,全生育期由短到长排序为东北、西北春麦区、长江上游麦区、长江中下游麦区、黄淮南片麦区、黄淮北片麦区、黄淮冬麦旱播组和北部冬麦区。（2）各麦区小麦株高年份间变化幅度较小,各麦区间差异较为明显。麦区间株高由高到低排序为东北、西北春麦区、长江上游麦区、长江中下游麦区、北部冬麦区、黄淮南片麦区和黄淮北片麦区、黄淮冬麦旱播组,在相同麦区,株高越高,单产越低。（3）国审小麦优质品种的数量逐年增加,数量分别为6、17、27、39和48个,中强筋小麦品种逐年增加,强筋和弱筋小麦品种有减少趋势,5年间审定弱筋小麦12个,中强筋麦89个,强筋麦37个。

The carbon sequestration and emission reduction capabilities of rice fields, as well as its influencing factors were analyzed, in order to reasonably regulate rice planting methods, tap into the carbon sequestration potential of rice fields, effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields. Research had found that rice field ecosystems had the ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide through processes such as photosynthesis and soil organic matter carbon sequestration. The main sources of carbon emissions from rice fields included carbon emissions during the production process (such as pesticide and fertilizer use) and transportation carbon emissions; the factors that affected carbon sequestration in rice fields included climate factors, soil physicochemical properties, and human factors. By adopting scientific management mearsures and technological means, the carbon sequestration capacity of rice fields could be improved, carbon emissions could be reduced, and utilized the carbon skin effect.

To clarify the characteristics of soil fertility changes in the cultivated land, and to further enhance soil productivity, the dynamic changes of comprehensive evaluation indicators of cultivated land were analyzed, including organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, based on the monitoring data of main soil nutrient indicators from the second soil survey in 1984 and 20 long-term monitoring sites from 2010 to 2022. The results indicated that from 2010 to 2022, the soil organic matter content ranged from 17.82 to 21.70 g/kg, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content varied from 91.9 to 138.9 mg/kg, the average available phosphorus content ranged from 18.68 to 32.13 mg/kg, and the average available potassium content varied from 183 to 230 mg/kg at the monitoring sites. Over the past 13 years, the soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents at the monitoring sites showed an overall trend of fluctuating increase, the average available phosphorus content exhibited a slow decline followed by a gradual stabilization trend, and the average available potassium content showed fluctuating changes while maintaining a relatively stable trend. The overall soil nutrient levels tended towards balance, and the overall soil fertility level maintained a continuous upward trend.

Wheat basal rot is a disease that has occurred in wheat fields in recent years, particularly in corn-wheat continuous cropping fields, where it has shown a trend of increasing severity, causing a reduction in this plant yield and quality to some extent. To understand the occurrence characteristics of this disease and effectively control its spread and minimize damage, based on the wheat production practice in Lingbi County, Anhui Province, the occurrence, damage symptoms, disease characteristics, and influencing factors of this disease rot were analyzed through years of field investigations and a review of relevant literature. On this basis, the health cultivation as the basis were proposed, including the selection of resistant varieties, crop rotation, appropriate deep plowing, removal of straw from the field, precision seeding, and balanced fertilization. Additionally, seed treatment with chemicals during the wheat sowing period, the use of highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides for green control during the regreening stage, and an integrated control technology combining “one spray for three preventions” during the heading stage to manage wheat basal rot were recommended.

Based on literature review and practice, the application practice of Juncao technology was analyzed, with its limitations in the field of ecological agriculturey were systematicall explored, while corresponding improvement strategies were proposed. In ecological remediation, Juncao demonstrates significant effectiveness in rehabilitating heavy metal-contaminated soils and polluted water bodies. Regarding feed production, Juncao fermented feed exhibits rich nutritional value and excellent palatability, effectively promoting weight gain in beef cattle, reducing feed costs, decreasing pollutant emissions, and achieving dual enhancement of ecological and economic benefits. Circular models such as“Juncao-breeding-planting”and“Juncao-edible fungi-organic fertilizer”have realized resource recycling and waste valorization. However, challenges remain in technology popularization, funding investment, and guarantee system for Juncao applications. To address these issues, strategies including intensified research and development and promotion, establishment of diversified funding mechanisms, improved policy support and institutional safeguards, enhanced technical service systems, and expanded market applications are proposed to advance Juncao industry development. This research provides valuable references for promoting the broader adoption of Juncao technology.