In order to select new summer maize varieties suitable for cultivation in Northwest Anhui Province, 106 maize varieties including Dongdan 6531, Fengda 611, Hua’anyu No.2, Dongdan 1971, Hua’anyu and Dongdan 905 were used as experimental materials, among which 33 varieties such as Dongdan 6531 and Hefengda 611 were planted at 60 000 plants /hm², 56 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 1971 were planted at 75 000 plants /hm², and 17 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 905 were planted at 90 000 plants /hm². The results showed that there were 7 excellent varieties in 60 000 plants /hm² density group (Fengda 611, Fengdecunyu 13, Quankeyu 900, Jingnongke 767, Ruihuayu 3, Ruihuayu 288 and Gushenyu 6). 15 excellent varieties (Fengda 602, Nongyu 662, Quanke 789, Fuyu 188, Yanyu 604, Shuoqiu 702, ZY806, Kangnongyu 889, Mingtian 695, Mingtian 636V2, Xianyu 1773, Denghai 1717, Hangyan 9013, K1998 and Dika 653) in the density group of 75 000 plants /hm²; There were 5 excellent varieties in 90 000 plants /hm² density group (Shuoyu 551, TH3366, Zhongkenyu 561, Jingnongyu 658 and Luyan 106). The above varieties can be further planted for demonstration in the study area.

To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

旱优3015是上海市农业生物基因中心以节水抗旱稻优质三系不育系沪旱7A为母本,早熟矮秆强优势恢复系旱恢3015为父本配组而成的早熟高产籼型节水抗旱稻三系杂交组合,具有节水抗旱、早熟高产、株高矮、综合性状优和适应性广等优点,适合在长江中下游作一季稻种植。本文介绍了该组合的选育过程、组合特征特性及制种栽培技术要点,为节水抗旱水稻旱优3015的示范推广提供参考。

The entry of heavy metals into soil may cause degradation of soil quality and lead to changes in the ecological characteristics of soil microorganisms. The impacts of heavy metal types and concentrations on microbial respiratory rate, biomass, biomass carbon, diversity, community structure, and functional genes in soil were summarized. Additionally, research in the field of microbial molecular ecology of heavy metal-contaminated soil was prospected, aiming to provide a reference for studying the effect of heavy metal pollution on soil microbial characteristics.

Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by various fungus such as Fusarium is a typical fungal soil-borne disease. In recent years, the frequency and severity of the disease are increasing, which poses a serious threat to wheat production and food security. The occurrence characteristics, regularity and causes of Fusarium crown rot of wheat were reviewed, and the comprehensive control measures combining agricultural control, chemical control and biological control were put forward, in order to provide some technical references for the comprehensive control of Fusarium crown rot of wheat.

The common types of pests and diseases in corn production and their harmful symptom were reviewed, and strategies for the control of corn pests and diseases were explained from the aspects of agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control. Diseases such as top rot, bacterial stalk rot, leaf spot, sheath blight, and rust were commonly found in corn, while common insect pests include armyworms, corn aphids, corn borers, and thrips. The effective control of pests and diseases issues in the corn planting process was achieved through the comprehensive use of various means such as biological control, chemical control, and precision agriculture techniques, thereby ensuring the yield and quality of corn. A reference for the scientific and efficient control of pests and diseases in corn production was provided.

To investigate the comprehensive impact of organic-inorganic fertilizer blending on wheat growth, yield formation, and soil quality, with the aim to develop a scientifically sound optimal fertilization regimen tailored for local wheat production that promotes efficient reduction in chemical fertilizer usage while enhancing its effectiveness. 5 distinct treatments were established: the control group (CK), conventional inorganic fertilizer application, a treatment where chemical fertilizer was reduced by 20% combined with organic fertilizer application, another where chemical fertilizer was decreased by 40% in conjunction with organic fertilizer use, and a scenario where chemical fertilizer was diminished by 60% along with organic fertilizer supplementation. These treatments were evaluated through field plot experiments. The results elucidated that the varying effects of different proportions of blended organic and inorganic fertilizers on wheat plant growth characteristics, ultimate yield performance, and soil properties. Notably, the treatment where chemical fertilizer application was reduced by 20% and complemented with organic fertilizer demonstrated the highest wheat yields (8 910 kg/hm²) among all treatments. Compared to exclusive use of chemical fertilizers, the judicious combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers not only significantly enhanced the growth and high-yielding potential of wheat but also effectively improved and optimized soil quality, thus illustrating favorable ecological and economic benefits in agricultural practice.

Southern highbush blueberry cultivar L25 was used as the experimental material. The fruit was sprayed with exogenous gibberellin (GA₃) at the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L. Using water treatment as control (CK), the fruit mass, fruit transverse diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter and other appearance indicators, the contents of soluble solids, titrable acid and soluble sugar were measured after ripening. The results showed that in terms of fruit appearance, compared with CK, the appearance of blueberry fruits treated with different concentrations of GA₃ was improved in general, and the single fruit weight and transverse diameter of fruit treated with 100 mg/L GA₃ were larger, which increased by 10.0% and 1.6% compared with CK, respectively. In intrinsic quality aspect， compared with CK, the total amount of soluble solids was basically the same, soluble sugar content decreased significantly, titrable acid, vitamin C and anthocyanin contents increased significantly, and titrable acid and vitamin C contents at 50 mg/L GA₃ treatment increased by 15.1% and 66.3% compared with CK. The anthocyanin content of 100 mg/L GA₃ treatment was 28.4% higher than that of CK. In conclusion, suitable exogenous GA₃ can improve the appearance and quality of blueberry fruit, and 50 and 100 mg/L GA₃ can improve the quality of blueberry fruit better.

To verify the effects of microbial agents on tobacco growth and development, the seedling stage (A, without mixing microbial agents; B, mix 1 500 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate; C, mix 3 000 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate.), and during transplanting (D, no microbial agents; E, 7 500 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai”; F, 15 000 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai”) on the agronomic traits and physiological indicators of tobacco plants. The results showed that adding microbial agents (1 500-3 000 g/hm²) to the seedling substrate could increase the ratio of bound water to free water in tobacco seedlings by 6.10% to 6.46%. Spraying microbial agents (7 500-15 000 g/hm²) during transplantation could improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, increasing the dry weight of fibrous roots by 50.53%-53.87%, root vitality by 15.91%-16.78%, and leaf nitrogen content by 12.58%-14.57%; at the same time, the treatment with microbial agents increased the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and other enzymes in tobacco plants, extended the field growth period by 5 days. Overall, the rational application of microbial agents can promote early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants, improve fertilizer absorption and utilization, cultivate strong root systems, enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants, and mix 1 500 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agents with seedling substrate, it is advisable to apply 7 500 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai” microbial inoculant during transplantation.

节水抗旱稻是一种新型的水稻品种,具有高产优质、节水抗旱和适应性广的特点。本文介绍了节水抗旱稻的发展优势,包括应对高温干旱环境变化,减少水利基础设施建设投入,降低生产成本和劳动强度,扩大水稻种植面积,以及保障水稻生产安全等;探讨丰产栽培技术,包括应选择地势平坦、排灌方便的连片地块,选择适应栽培地气候条件的品种进行机械化穴播,播后采取“一封、二杀、三补”的杂草防除方式,水分以自然降水为主,田间持水量较低时可采取微喷灌方式,病虫害以防治根结线虫、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、水稻细菌性条斑病、纹枯病和稻瘟病等为主,可采取“一喷多促”方式在防治病虫草害的同时,促进作物生长。目的在于为节水抗旱稻的推广和产量提高提供参考。

To screen high yield, high quality, and stress resistant rice varieties suitable for promotion and planting in the Western Anhui rice region, 24 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019 and Chufengyoujingxiangsi Miao were conducted in the high standard farmland demonstration area of Jin’an District, Lu’an City, Anhui Province. The comprehensive evaluation included their growth duration, resistance performance, yield, and field growth performance. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was between 121 to 133 days; no varieties showed symptoms of leaf blast, neck blast, white leaf blight, sheath blight, or rice blast disease, and some varieties experienced lodging; there were 10 varieties with yields exceeding 9 000 kg/hm², including Quanliangyou 6019, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yuanliangyou 1612, etc. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of their field growth, and 19 varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Chufengyoujingxiangsimiao, and Guanliangyou 3 performed well. Overall, 12 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Guanliangyou 3, Liangyou 1573, Xinliangyou 2081, Yuanliangyou 816, Liangyou 5043, Xinliangyou 1, Zhuanliangyou 0688, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yualiangyou 1612, Xiliangyouyuhesimiao, and Huiliangyou 985 had strong stress resistance and high yields, and were suitable for promotion and planting in relevant areas.

Balcony agriculture is gradually expanding the public's understanding of urban agriculture, effectively bringing people and nature closer together. Balcony agriculture is conducive to meeting the needs of urban residents to experience farming and relieve stress, and it not only has ornamental and edible value, but also provides various functions such as leisure and science education. The main application model of balcony agriculture were introduced, with a focus on analyzed the current development status of balcony agriculture and the areas for improvement in planting cost investment, industrial chain improvement, planted management technology standards, and promotion. Solutions were also proposed, including establishing a sound supporting service system for balcony agriculture, doing a good job in breeding balcony agriculture varieties, optimizing existing technologies, and vigorously promoting balcony agriculture, providing reference for the development of this industry.

Unrational use of antibiotics can lead to resistance in bacteria, finding potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics has become the focus of current research. Antimicrobial peptides represent promising options owing to their unique antimicrobial mechanisms, which render them less prone to induce resistance. Moreover, antimicrobial peptides possess broad-spectrum bioactivities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, tumor cells, etc. and have been implemented in many areas. This article provided a introduction to the classification, mechanisms of action and application in food processing and other fields of antimicrobial peptides, to provide a reference for relevant studies of antimicrobial peptides.

农业智能传感器是一种智能感知农业环境参数的设备。在智慧农业发展背景下,现代农业的信息化、智能化发展离不开农业智能传感器的广泛应用。农业智能传感器的应用与普及可以帮助农民精确地制定种植策略,提高作物的产量和质量,减少资源浪费和环境污染。本文阐述了智慧农业背景下农业智能传感器的应用现状,剖析了农业智能传感器自身、数据传输通信和数据处理方面存在的问题,并提出了解决措施和建议,为推广应用农业智能传感器提供参考。

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

The species, host plants, damage parts，damage degree and community composition of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in Chongming District of Shanghai were investigated by detailed investigation method and spot investigation method. The results showed that there were 122 species in 24 families, including 21 families, 118 species and 4 dominant species of Lepidoptera, 3 families, 4 species and 2 dominant species of Hymenoptera. In terms of the degree of harm, there were 79 minor (+) species, accounting for 64.75%; 37 species with moderate (++) damage, accounting for 30.33%; 6 species with damage (+++), accounting for 4.92%. There were many species of leaf-eating pests in the study area, but their composition and structure were relatively simple, and the species that could cause serious damage were mainly concentrated in a few families. In view of the harmful characteristics of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in this area, the comprehensive control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants was proposed. The control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants should adhere to the principle of “prevention first and comprehensive control”, and improve the insect-resistant ability of garden plants based on the forest management measures of resistant tree species. At the same time, the occurrence law of pests should be mastered and appropriate comprehensive control measures should be taken in time, to reduce the scope of occurrence of pests, reduce the degree of harm of pests. This study provided a reference for the control of garden plant leaf-eating pests in this area and ecologically similar areas.

The carbon sequestration and emission reduction capabilities of rice fields, as well as its influencing factors were analyzed, in order to reasonably regulate rice planting methods, tap into the carbon sequestration potential of rice fields, effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields. Research had found that rice field ecosystems had the ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide through processes such as photosynthesis and soil organic matter carbon sequestration. The main sources of carbon emissions from rice fields included carbon emissions during the production process (such as pesticide and fertilizer use) and transportation carbon emissions; the factors that affected carbon sequestration in rice fields included climate factors, soil physicochemical properties, and human factors. By adopting scientific management mearsures and technological means, the carbon sequestration capacity of rice fields could be improved, carbon emissions could be reduced, and utilized the carbon skin effect.

To explore efficient and scalable foliar resistance control agents in rice production, 4 foliar inhibitors (potassium fulvic acid, silicon fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, and selenium fertilizer) were selected to investigate its effects on rice growth and yield, as well as the effect of accumulation and transport of cadmium in various organs of rice. The results showed that after spraying four foliar inhibitors during the tillering and grain filling stages of rice, the plant height, tiller number, and thousand grain weight of rice increased to varying degrees. Compared with the blank control, the yield of rice treated with foliar inhibitors increased by 0.34% to 4.83%. After the application of foliar inhibitors, the cadmium content in the roots, stems, leaves, and grains of rice decreased, and the cadmium content in all treated grains met the national food safety standards. Based on the comprehensive analysis of rice yield and cadmium reduction effect, it is recommended to adopt foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer technology in mildly cadmium polluted rice fields to control the absorption and transport of cadmium in rice and achieve safe rice production.

To explore the effects of ethanol extract from Dendrobium officinale on the gut microbiota of antibiotic induced dysbiosis mice, a blank group and a gut microbiota dysbiosis model group（gavage of lincomycin hydrochloride 120 mg/kg）were set up, respectively. The model group was treated with normal water, high（6 g/kg）and low dose（1.5 g/kg）of ethanol extract from Dendrobium officinale, and the effects of each treatment on the general condition, TNF-α, IL-1 levels, short chain fatty acid levels, gut microbiota composition, richness, and diversity of mice were observed. The results showed that the general mental condition of mice in the high-dose and low-dose groups of Dendrobium officinale improved, and the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1 were significantly reduced compared to the model group, while the levels of short chain fatty acids were significantly increased. There were differences in the species composition of gut microbiota compared to the model group, but no significant differences in richness and diversity. The ethanol extract of Dendrobium officinale had a certain improvement effects on the gut microbiota of antibiotic induced intestinal dysbiosis mice.

To clarify the characteristics of soil fertility changes in the cultivated land, and to further enhance soil productivity, the dynamic changes of comprehensive evaluation indicators of cultivated land were analyzed, including organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, based on the monitoring data of main soil nutrient indicators from the second soil survey in 1984 and 20 long-term monitoring sites from 2010 to 2022. The results indicated that from 2010 to 2022, the soil organic matter content ranged from 17.82 to 21.70 g/kg, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content varied from 91.9 to 138.9 mg/kg, the average available phosphorus content ranged from 18.68 to 32.13 mg/kg, and the average available potassium content varied from 183 to 230 mg/kg at the monitoring sites. Over the past 13 years, the soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents at the monitoring sites showed an overall trend of fluctuating increase, the average available phosphorus content exhibited a slow decline followed by a gradual stabilization trend, and the average available potassium content showed fluctuating changes while maintaining a relatively stable trend. The overall soil nutrient levels tended towards balance, and the overall soil fertility level maintained a continuous upward trend.

The main facilities and equipment and related advantages and disadvantages of the cultivation model of edible fungi in square cabin were summarized and analyzed, and development suggestions was proposed in this article. This technology utilizes advanced equipment and facilities to meet the growth conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light required for edible fungi cultivation, achieving standardized and modern production of edible fungi. This model has obvious advantages and potential, such as fast construction and production, high production efficiency, good production income, and rapid industrial development. At the same time, it also faces challenges such as high investment costs and energy consumption. The research results provide a reference for the cultivation model and industrial development of edible mushroom shelters.

The method of combining field investigation and literature review were adopted, through the investigation and analysis of Huyang tomato industry, the development status of village characteristic industry and the link that needs to be improved were discussed. In view of the aspects such as the scale of village-level characteristic industries, villagers’ agricultural technology knowledge, brand benefits of agricultural products and e-commerce operation of agricultural products, the development path of village-level characteristic industries such as “one village, one product” + cooperatives, brands + technological innovation, investment + industrial diversification, rural talents + capable people + training, village-level cultural symbols + spiritual and cultural industries was proposed to provide references for the development of village-level industries under the background of rural industry revitalization.

Based on the planting practice of Dendrobium officinale, the common diseases and pests and its prevention measures were summarized and analyzed in the process of artificial planting of this plant from the aspects of occurrence patterns, harmful symptoms, and prevention and control measures. The common diseases in the research area were divided into infectious diseases (anthracnose, soft rot, root rot, leaf spot disease, etc.) and non infectious diseases. Infectious diseases could spread and were mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Non infectious diseases could not spread between plants, mainly due to improper cultivation management and other reasons. Common pests that cause significant damage included slugs, snails, spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. Based on the characteristics of different diseases and pests, comprehensive control measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control had been proposed, providing references for further improving the product quality of artificial cultivation of Dendrobium officinale.

The green cultivation techniques for shiitake mushrooms in greenhouse construction, strain inoculation, and post inoculation management, and other aspects were summarized and analyzed. Choosen land with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation, and abundant water sources to construct mushroom boron; Selected high-quality mushroom varieties, suitable cultivation substrates, strictly disinfect and bag for inoculation; After vaccination, ensure proper management of bacterial growth, removal from bags, and promotion of buds; After fruiting, adjust the temperature, humidity, and light during the development period of mushroom buds, and use physical, biological, and chemical methods to prevent and control miscellaneous bacteria and pests; Timely harvested and carried out rejuvenation cultivation to promote the growth of second crop mushrooms. The research results provided references for improving the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms and promoting sustainable development of related industries.

An overview of traditional and modern breeding techniques currently used for vegetable crops was provided. Traditional breeding includes extensive hybridization, inbreeding, etc. Although it can improve crop traits, it has limitations such as low efficiency and high cost. The introduction of modern breeding techniques such as mutagenesis and genome editing can effectively improve breeding efficiency and accuracy; the progress of genome sequencing and functional genomics has provided the possibility for a profound understanding of vegetable genomes and promoted precise improvement of traits; molecular marker technology and transgenic technology have also provided new means to improve vegetable yield, quality, and stress tolerance. By using these technologies for vegetable crop breeding, the adaptability and economic value of crops can be enhanced, ensuring food safety and nutritional requirements. In the future, we will continue to explore the potential of genome assisted breeding and apply technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to vegetable breeding, providing references for the development of high-yield, disease resistant, and stress tolerant vegetable varieties.

The formation mechanism and functional characteristics of protein-polysaccharide complex products have become one of the research focuses in the field of agricultural product processing. The mechanism, influencing factors, and functional properties of protein-polysaccharide complexes were explored. When proteins are mixed into a solution containing polysaccharides, two characteristic substances meet and produce electrostatic attraction or electrostatic repulsion, thereby forming a complex or discrete solution; the influencing factors of the interaction between the two include their own properties such as chemical composition and molecular arrangement, pH, the ratio of the two concentrations and other external conditions, as well as the treatment processes such as pressure, pressure reduction, and stirring speed. Protein-polysaccharide complexes have rheological properties, fat substitutes, gas-liquid or liquid-liquid two-phase interfaces, can partially or completely replace fat or prepare edible films and coatings, etc. This article provides a reference for the in-depth research and development of protein-polysaccharide complexes.

In order to cultivate high-quality applied talents, the characteristics of the curriculum and the training needs of environmental professionals were combined, attached importance to the application of practical case teaching method, and conducted practical case teaching analysis and exploration in the teaching process of Environmental Monitoring course. The investigation of soil pollution was taken as a practical case, conduct a detailed analysis of the investigation results. By investigating regional division, determining soil distribution principles and quantities, collecting soil samples, determining analysis indicators and testing methods, and verifying testing quality and results, a practical case soil environmental monitoring plan was formulated, and the testing results were analyzed. Practice had shown that, this practical case teaching model effectively improved teaching quality and provided references for the reform of case teaching in this course.

The nutritional value, processing technology and product development of potato residue were summarized and analyzed, the relationship between the development and utilization of potato residue and environmental protection was expounded, and the development prospect of potato residue and the aspects to be improved were discussed, so as to provide references for realizing efficient utilization of potato residue resources, green sustainable development and environmental protection. Potato residue is rich in nutrients such as fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable resource for various industries. By utilizing advanced processing technologies, potato residue can be converted into high-value products such as feed, biofuels, and biodegradable plastics. These products not only reduce waste and relieve environmental pollution but also contribute to the development of a circular economy. However, there are still challenges to overcome in the efficient utilization of potato residue.,including technical limitations, market constraints, and security. By adopting innovative technologies and strategies, potato residue can be transformed a waste product into a valuable resource, achieving the utilization of agricultural waste resources and environmental protection.

In order to clarify the relationship between different precipitation patterns and nitrogen uptake and transport in wheat plants, and to explore efficient production technology paths for different crop types, this experiment investigated the effects of different precipitation patterns and crop types on nitrogen uptake and utilization, transport characteristics, and nitrogen efficiency in wheat plants at the experimental demonstration base of the Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Henan Province for two consecutive years. The results showed that the high water year was more conducive to the absorption of nitrogen by wheat plants after soybean cropping compared to the low water year, improving the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat plants and promoting the transport of nitrogen accumulated after flowering to the grains. Both soybean and peanut stubble could increase the nitrogen content of wheat plants compared to corn stubble, which was beneficial for nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants, promoting the transfer of nitrogen from leaves, stems and sheaths to grains, improving the pre flowering nitrogen transport and nitrogen transfer rate of wheat plants, and ultimately increasing the nitrogen efficiency and yield of wheat grains. The nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency of wheat plants with different crop types could be significantly improved in the year of abundant water compared to the year of insufficient water. Under different precipitation year types, both soybean and peanut stubbles can promote nitrogen absorption in wheat plants, which is beneficial for nitrogen accumulation and transportation to the grains after flowering, thereby increasing grain yield and ultimately improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat plants. In low water years, soybean stubble has a better effect, while peanut stubble has a better effect in high water years.

In order to explore the fluorine content of fresh tea leaves, the fresh tea leaves were collected with different leaf positions, growth periods, seasons and regions, dried them, soaked them in boiling water bath to extract fluoride, and determined fluoride ions by selective electrode method. Through the comparison and analysis of data, the fluorine content, changing rules and influencing factors of fresh tea leaves were explored. The results showed that the fluorine content of fresh leaves in different leaf positions changed linearly: bud < first leaf < second leaf < third leaf < fourth leaf. The fluorine content of fresh leaves with different leaf ages changes linearly: one leaf in one bud < two leaves in one bud < three leaves in one bud < four leaves in one bud < five leaves in one bud. The fluorine content of fresh leaves was lower than that of old leaves, and it showed an upward trend with the increase of leaf age. This study provided a reference for the development of tea industry.

Lasioderma serricorne is a common pest in tobacco leaf processing and cigarette production. In order to understand the occurrence and damage characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and take appropriate prevention and control measures for different scenarios, the research progress on the biological characteristics, damage, monitoring and control methods of Lasioderma serricorne were reviewed. The results showed that the reproductive generation and peak activity period of Lasioderma serricorne varied in different regions. The degree of damage in southern regions was higher than that in northern regions, and the degree of damage in high quality tobacco was higher than that in low quality tobacco. The methods for pest monitoring included manual statistics based on traps, image recognition, and electronic nose monitoring. There were 3 methods for the prevention and control of pest: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Physical control included low-temperature treatment, high temperature treatment, vacuum conditioning, controlled atmosphere treatment, microwave treatment, and ultraviolet light trapping. Chemical control included fumigation, hormones, chemical insecticides, plant-derived insecticides, and plant essential oils. Biological control included bacterial control, fungal control, parasitic natural enemy control, RNA interference technology, and attractant. The research provides references for the integrated control of tobacco beetle.

保护、利用森林资源,需依托科学的规划调查,有效了解林业资源的生长及分布情况。将3S技术应用到森林资源规划设计调查工作中,能够确保规划调查工作高效真实。为进一步保护、利用森林资源,本文结合3S技术的原理和特点,从遥感（RS）技术应用原理、全球定位系统（GPS）技术应用原理、地理信息系统（GIS）技术应用原理方面分析了3S技术在森林资源规划设计调查中的应用优势,从监测和调查森林资源、预防森林火灾、防治森林病虫害方面介绍了主要工作内容,探讨了3S技术在森林资源规划设计调查中的具体应用策略,包括图形数据采集、解译标志建立、小班判读区划、外业调查和空间图形库建立等方面,对3S技术在森林资源规划设计调查中的应用前景进行展望。

Ecological vulnerability is the sensitive response and self-recovery ability of ecosystems relative to external disturbances at specific spatial and temporal scales, and it is an inherent attribute of ecosystems. The existing research areas, research methods including model simulation method, comprehensive index evaluation method, geographic information system and spatial analysis technology and research contents of ecological vulnerability were summarized respetivly, to provide a reference for clarifying the current research status and research trends of the dynamic evolution of ecological vulnerability in a typical region. It was found that there were situations such as insufficient theoretical foundations, insufficient consistency of evaluation indexes, the need for further improvement of research methods, and the need to expand the research areas in the current research on ecological vulnerability. Thus, it is of great importance to enhance the discussion on the study of ecological vulnerability, further expand the direction and content of research, and improve the quality and level of research to protect the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development.

Based on the current breeding status of potatoes, the aspects that need further improvement, and corresponding development strategies and suggestions were summarized and analyzed. At present, potato breeding was mainly based on its asexual reproduction characteristics, which had the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, and ensuring the purity of potato seeds. Meanwhile, it was necessary to do a good job in potato seed potato detoxification, pest control, and field management. In the breeding process, it was necessary to further improve the collection of potato variety resources, the production capacity of seed potatoes, the production technology of seed potatoes, the quality of virus-free seed potatoes, and the processing capacity of potato products. Development strategies for potato breeding work were proposed, including establishing a good breeding environment, scientifically introducing potato varieties, innovating potato breeding methods, and innovating production equipment and technology, to provide references for promoting the standardized and rational development of the potato industry.

In order to explore the response of ecosystem services in the Yellow River Delta under the background of land use change, remote sensing and geographic information technology were used to quantify land use dynamic attitude, land use intensity and ecosystem service value, and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value were analyzed in the research area from 1985 to 2019. The coupling relationship between land use intensity and ecosystem service value was analyzed based on the coupling coordination model. The results showed that, (1) From 1985 to 2019, the area of construction land and water body in the research area showed an increasing trend, while the area of bare land, grassland and cultivated land showed a decreasing trend. The dynamic attitude value of cultivated land was small and the inter-annual change was small, while the dynamic attitude value of water body was large and the inter-annual change was large. The land use intensity in the research area was characterized by the increase of spatial characteristics from coastal to inland. (2) In the southeast coast the grassland area decreased and the ecosystem service showed an weakentrend; in the northwest coast, affected by the increase of water area, the ecosystem service value showed an upward trend. In the inland part of the delta, the ecosystem service value was relatively low due to the increase of construction land area. (3) The coupling coordination between ecosystem service value and land use intensity in the research area showed an increasing trend from 1985 to 2019, the newly added areas of high coordinated development were mainly located in the transition area from inland delta to the coast, and moderate unbalanced development were mainly distributed in the coastal areas. The research provided a reference for high-quality development and resource and environment monitoring in the Yellow River Delta.

In order to effectively control tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank, this experiment studied the effects of different transplanting methods(conventional transplanting, well cellar transplanting, and transplanting seedlings under the membrane), tobacco varieties(K326, Guiyan No.8, Guiyan No.5, Yunyan 85, Yunyan 105, Xiangyan No.7, and Yunyan 87), mulching methods(white film, black film, and not covering with film), and stem perforation positions(5, 15, and 25 cm form the ground) on tobacco wilt and black shank. The results showed that the incidence of transplanting seedlings under film was the lowest among the 3 transplanting methods. Among the 3 film mulching methods, black film had the lightest incidence; the occurrence of bacterial wilt and black shank could be significantly reduced by perforation at 5 cm from the ground after the onset of tobacco plant. Among the 7 tobacco varieties, the incidence of Xiangyan No.7 was the lowest, which was highly resistant to bacterial wilt and black shank. The research results can provide a reference for scientific and effective prevention and control of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank.

In order to screened suitable plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers for winter wheat production, the effectiveness, yield, and economic benefits of spraying different plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizer combinations on winter wheat in controlling Fusarium head blight were analyzed. The results showed that applying different growth regulators and foliar fertilizers during the early flowering stage of winter wheat could achieve an increase of 1.92% to 31.74% in the control effect of Fusarium head blight in years with severe Fusarium head blight, an increase of 3.84% to 16.97% in yield, and increased economic benefits. The degree of increase in yield and efficiency of different combinations of growth regulators and foliar fertilizers varies. Among them, the combination of 0.25% 28-Epibrassinolide·S-showantin and foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the best effect, which could be used to improve the tillering and ear formation rate of wheat, and increase the thousand grain weight and yield of wheat. The combination of 28-Epimerosal·Gibberellanic acid and foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate（0.4%） had the second best effect, and could be used as a rotation agent.

The ability of the agricultural industry to resist natural disaster risks is crucial. Based on practical experience, the types of natural disasters and corresponding technical measures in winter wheat production in the Huaibei Plain area were summarized and analyzed. Winter wheat production is not only affected by meteorological disasters such as drought, waterlogging, freezing damage, and dry hot wind caused by climate change, but also by biological disasters such as pests, diseases, and weeds. The high yield and harvest of agriculture were being tested. Production should actively respond to natural disasters, propose a series of technical measures to deal with natural disasters, such as selecting high-quality and high winter resistant wheat varieties, timely sowing, reasonable fertilization, constructing agricultural water conservancy facilities, and controlling pests, diseases, and weeds. These measures provided reasonable methods and suggestions for resisting natural disasters in winter wheat production in the Huaibei Plain area, which is of great significance for ensuring a high yield and harvest of winter wheat.

To reveal various meteorological disaster information of wheat, maize and other field crops in central Shandong Province over the years, and to study the occurrence trends and economic impacts of various agricultural meteorological disasters, based on the agricultural meteorological disaster data of Zibo City in the years of 2000-2023, statistical and trend analysis methods were used to analyze in detail the types, spatial distribution, trends, and impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters in the study area during this period. The results indicated that (1) from 2000 to 2023, a total of 461 agricultural meteorological disasters were recorded in the research area, covering 15 different types, mainly including drought, floods, hail, strong winds and other disasters, among which drought and hail had a higher frequency of occurrence. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, disasters occur more frequently in Yiyuan County, Boshan District, Zichuan District, Gaoqing County and other areas. Among them, Yiyuan County and Gaoqing County had a larger affected area among various types of disasters, and their agricultural production was more sensitive to meteorological disasters. (3) In terms of economic impact, rainstorm and flood, hail, strong wind and low temperature and cold damage were the disaster types that lead to more serious direct economic losses. Among them, rainstorm and flood had caused more losses, amounting to about 12×10⁴ thousand yuan, and the economic losses of other major disaster types were in the range of tens of 10×10⁴ thousand yuan. (4) The overall trend of meteorological disasters showed a tortuous annual decline, and was seasonal, mainly concentrated from April to September. Some areas in the research area had suffered certain economic losses due to the impact of agricultural meteorological disasters, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for disasters such as drought and hail. This article provides references for agricultural meteorology to better serve agricultural production and improve agricultural economic benefits.

To investigate the species of Hesperiidae butterflies in the Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, and with reference to HJ 710.9—2014 Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Monitoring—Butterflies, butterfly surveys were conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. Using the netting method during sunny weather between 9:00 and 17:00, five representative habitat transects were selected, with monthly surveys conducted. Species identification was performed by referring to resources such as The Chinese Butterfly Illustrated Guide. The results revealed 31 species belonging to 19 genera of Hesperiidae in the study area. Compared with previous literature records, 22 newly recorded species were identified, including Abraximorpha davidii, Ampittia virgata, and Baoris farri. Additionally, Pelopidas conjuncta and Potanthus tibetana were recorded for the first time in Guizhou Province. These findings provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of butterfly resources in the region.