本研究基于现有α-淀粉酶抑制剂（α-amylase inhibitor,α-AI）活性检测方法的试验原理,通过验证3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和碘-淀粉显色法2种方法的精度,分析了不同检测方法在检测原理和检测结果准确性2个方面的差异。结果表明,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法是通过测量α-AI对3,5-二硝基水杨酸显色产物的吸光度变化来确定其活性,而碘-淀粉显色法则是利用碘离子与淀粉形成淀粉-碘络合物,通过观察溶液颜色的变化来测定α-AI的活性。从原理上来看,2种方法在测定α-AI活性时采取了不同的测定方式。从检测结果准确性方面来看,2种方法的准确性可能存在差异。3,5-二硝基水杨酸法能够准确测量α-AI对3,5-二硝基水杨酸的抑制能力,从而反映出其活性水平。而碘-淀粉显色法则是通过观察淀粉-碘络合物的颜色变化来判断α-AI的活性,这种方法可能受到其他因素的干扰,从而影响测定结果的准确性。本研究为准确并快速测定白芸豆α-AI产品提供方法,并为精确控制产品质量和生产流程提供参考。

To screen the excellent maize varieties suitable for planting in Lingbi County, Anhui province, 34 new corn varieties, such as Kangnongyu 8009, Zhongyu 303 and Siyougu No. 5, were used as experimental materials, growth period and disease resistance were recorded, and agronomic traits, such as plant height, yield and yield traits, such as 100 grain weight were measured and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was 99-105 days. In terms of resistance, stem rot and small spot of all varieties were grade 1, and some varieties were susceptible to rust and sheath blight. In terms of agronomic traits, plant height was 206.4-267.3 cm, ear position 67.2-103.4 cm, ear diameter 4.3-5.0 cm, row number of spike 12.4-17.6 rows, row number 29.0-36.1 grains, seed yield 88.0%-91.5%. In terms of yield and yield traits, the effective panicle was 67 500 panicles /hm², the 100 grain weight was 25.43-36.42 g, the number of grains per panicle was 378.96-603.94 grains, and the yield was 7 240.50-10 062.75 kg/hm². The 5 varieties of Longding 728, Pudan 12, Jiaxi 100, Weike 985 and Denghai 1875 had the best comprehensive performance and were suitable for planting in the study area and related areas.

In order to select new summer maize varieties suitable for cultivation in Northwest Anhui Province, 106 maize varieties including Dongdan 6531, Fengda 611, Hua’anyu No.2, Dongdan 1971, Hua’anyu and Dongdan 905 were used as experimental materials, among which 33 varieties such as Dongdan 6531 and Hefengda 611 were planted at 60 000 plants /hm², 56 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 1971 were planted at 75 000 plants /hm², and 17 varieties such as Hua’anyu No.5 and Dongdan 905 were planted at 90 000 plants /hm². The results showed that there were 7 excellent varieties in 60 000 plants /hm² density group (Fengda 611, Fengdecunyu 13, Quankeyu 900, Jingnongke 767, Ruihuayu 3, Ruihuayu 288 and Gushenyu 6). 15 excellent varieties (Fengda 602, Nongyu 662, Quanke 789, Fuyu 188, Yanyu 604, Shuoqiu 702, ZY806, Kangnongyu 889, Mingtian 695, Mingtian 636V2, Xianyu 1773, Denghai 1717, Hangyan 9013, K1998 and Dika 653) in the density group of 75 000 plants /hm²; There were 5 excellent varieties in 90 000 plants /hm² density group (Shuoyu 551, TH3366, Zhongkenyu 561, Jingnongyu 658 and Luyan 106). The above varieties can be further planted for demonstration in the study area.

旱优3015是上海市农业生物基因中心以节水抗旱稻优质三系不育系沪旱7A为母本,早熟矮秆强优势恢复系旱恢3015为父本配组而成的早熟高产籼型节水抗旱稻三系杂交组合,具有节水抗旱、早熟高产、株高矮、综合性状优和适应性广等优点,适合在长江中下游作一季稻种植。本文介绍了该组合的选育过程、组合特征特性及制种栽培技术要点,为节水抗旱水稻旱优3015的示范推广提供参考。

To investigate the effects of the plant growth regulator Iron Chlorine e6 on rice growth, an experiment was conducted using the rice variety Ningxiangjing 9. The following treatments were applied: seed dressing with 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 (A1, 22.5 g/hm²; A2, 45.0 g/hm²; A3, 67.5 g/hm²; A4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the jointing stage (B1, 22.5 g/hm²; B2, 45.0 g/hm²; B3, 67.5 g/hm²; B4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control); foliar spraying at the booting stage (C1, 22.5 g/hm²; C2, 45.0 g/hm²; C3, 67.5 g/hm²; C4, 90.0 g/hm²; CK, clear water control). The traits, yield, and safety of rice plants under different treatments were determined. The results showed that foliar spraying of 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 soluble powder increased panicle length and plant height, while seed dressing effectively thickened the basal internodes and enhanced lodging resistance. Both methods, at application rates of 45.0-90.0 g/hm², prevented lodging. Both seed dressing and foliar spraying of Iron Chlorine e6 increased the hundred-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield of rice, with yield increases ranging from 2.14% to 11.95%. The C4 treatment achieved the highest yield (11 303.55 kg/hm²). All treatments were safe for rice growth. Considering economic benefits, it is recommended to apply 0.02% Iron Chlorine e6 at 67.5 g/hm² during the booting stage to improve rice yield.

农业智能传感器是一种智能感知农业环境参数的设备。在智慧农业发展背景下,现代农业的信息化、智能化发展离不开农业智能传感器的广泛应用。农业智能传感器的应用与普及可以帮助农民精确地制定种植策略,提高作物的产量和质量,减少资源浪费和环境污染。本文阐述了智慧农业背景下农业智能传感器的应用现状,剖析了农业智能传感器自身、数据传输通信和数据处理方面存在的问题,并提出了解决措施和建议,为推广应用农业智能传感器提供参考。

The CiteSpace software was used to analyze 3 634 articles on tomato abiotic stress from the Web of Science (WOS) database and 550 articles from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database (1990—2024) in terms of publication output, contributing institutions, keywords, and burst terms, aiming to explore research hotspots and frontiers in this field. The results showed that research on tomato abiotic stress has exhibited a stepwise growth trend since 2004. Northwest A&F University is a leading institution in terms of publication output, with 99 articles in WOS and 51 in CNKI. Thematic analysis of keywords revealed that research in this field mainly focuses on response mechanisms and gene expression under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and temperature stress. The keywords from the CNKI and WOS databases formed 12 and 13 clusters, respectively, all including 3 major categories: tomato growth performance and yield loss under abiotic stress, tomato molecular mechanisms under abiotic stress, and physiological responses and strategies for coping with tomato abiotic stress. Timeline mapping indicated that research in CNKI formed a tight cluster centered on melatonin and spermidine after 2015, while research in WOS focused on genome-wide identification and saline-alkali resistance after 2020, with an emphasis on mining stress-resistant genes at the molecular level. Burst term analysis revealed that research hotspots are shifting from salt tolerance to low-temperature stress, and the newly emerging keyword “diversity” suggested that future research will focus on cross-resistance to multiple stresses and the exploration of stress-resistant germplasm resources. The findings of this study provide a reference for in-depth research on tomato stress resistance.

In order to explore the response of ecosystem services in the Yellow River Delta under the background of land use change, remote sensing and geographic information technology were used to quantify land use dynamic attitude, land use intensity and ecosystem service value, and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value were analyzed in the research area from 1985 to 2019. The coupling relationship between land use intensity and ecosystem service value was analyzed based on the coupling coordination model. The results showed that, (1) From 1985 to 2019, the area of construction land and water body in the research area showed an increasing trend, while the area of bare land, grassland and cultivated land showed a decreasing trend. The dynamic attitude value of cultivated land was small and the inter-annual change was small, while the dynamic attitude value of water body was large and the inter-annual change was large. The land use intensity in the research area was characterized by the increase of spatial characteristics from coastal to inland. (2) In the southeast coast the grassland area decreased and the ecosystem service showed an weakentrend; in the northwest coast, affected by the increase of water area, the ecosystem service value showed an upward trend. In the inland part of the delta, the ecosystem service value was relatively low due to the increase of construction land area. (3) The coupling coordination between ecosystem service value and land use intensity in the research area showed an increasing trend from 1985 to 2019, the newly added areas of high coordinated development were mainly located in the transition area from inland delta to the coast, and moderate unbalanced development were mainly distributed in the coastal areas. The research provided a reference for high-quality development and resource and environment monitoring in the Yellow River Delta.

To screen high yield, high quality, and stress resistant rice varieties suitable for promotion and planting in the Western Anhui rice region, 24 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019 and Chufengyoujingxiangsi Miao were conducted in the high standard farmland demonstration area of Jin’an District, Lu’an City, Anhui Province. The comprehensive evaluation included their growth duration, resistance performance, yield, and field growth performance. The results showed that the growth period of each variety was between 121 to 133 days; no varieties showed symptoms of leaf blast, neck blast, white leaf blight, sheath blight, or rice blast disease, and some varieties experienced lodging; there were 10 varieties with yields exceeding 9 000 kg/hm², including Quanliangyou 6019, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yuanliangyou 1612, etc. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of their field growth, and 19 varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Chufengyoujingxiangsimiao, and Guanliangyou 3 performed well. Overall, 12 rice varieties including Quanliangyou 6019, Guanliangyou 3, Liangyou 1573, Xinliangyou 2081, Yuanliangyou 816, Liangyou 5043, Xinliangyou 1, Zhuanliangyou 0688, Zhenliangyouexiangsimiao, Yualiangyou 1612, Xiliangyouyuhesimiao, and Huiliangyou 985 had strong stress resistance and high yields, and were suitable for promotion and planting in relevant areas.

瓜蒌是药食两用的植物品种,不仅可以用于加工、生产食用瓜蒌籽,还可作为中药材的原料,其食用价值、药用价值和保健价值均较高。为发展瓜蒌特色产业,探究瓜蒌高产种植栽培技术要点,本文总结分析了瓜蒌高产栽培技术,以增加从业者收入,推动农业增产增效,为瓜蒌产业高质量发展提供参考。

To verify the effects of microbial agents on tobacco growth and development, the seedling stage (A, without mixing microbial agents; B, mix 1 500 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate; C, mix 3 000 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate.), and during transplanting (D, no microbial agents; E, 7 500 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai”; F, 15 000 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai”) on the agronomic traits and physiological indicators of tobacco plants. The results showed that adding microbial agents (1 500-3 000 g/hm²) to the seedling substrate could increase the ratio of bound water to free water in tobacco seedlings by 6.10% to 6.46%. Spraying microbial agents (7 500-15 000 g/hm²) during transplantation could improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, increasing the dry weight of fibrous roots by 50.53%-53.87%, root vitality by 15.91%-16.78%, and leaf nitrogen content by 12.58%-14.57%; at the same time, the treatment with microbial agents increased the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and other enzymes in tobacco plants, extended the field growth period by 5 days. Overall, the rational application of microbial agents can promote early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants, improve fertilizer absorption and utilization, cultivate strong root systems, enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants, and mix 1 500 g/hm² of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agents with seedling substrate, it is advisable to apply 7 500 g/hm² of “Junxiaobai” microbial inoculant during transplantation.

Based on the planting practice of Dendrobium officinale, the common diseases and pests and its prevention measures were summarized and analyzed in the process of artificial planting of this plant from the aspects of occurrence patterns, harmful symptoms, and prevention and control measures. The common diseases in the research area were divided into infectious diseases (anthracnose, soft rot, root rot, leaf spot disease, etc.) and non infectious diseases. Infectious diseases could spread and were mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Non infectious diseases could not spread between plants, mainly due to improper cultivation management and other reasons. Common pests that cause significant damage included slugs, snails, spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. Based on the characteristics of different diseases and pests, comprehensive control measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control had been proposed, providing references for further improving the product quality of artificial cultivation of Dendrobium officinale.

To investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on seed germination and growth of wheat, two cultivars, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15, were selected as experimental materials. 6 Zn concentration gradients (ZnSO₄ 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) were set, with 0 mg/L as the control (CK). The germination indicators, growth indicators and physiological indicators of each group were measured. The results showed that in terms of germination parameters, as Zn concentration increased, the germination potential and germination rate of both wheat cultivars first increased and then decreased; at 100 mg/L Zn, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15 exhibited higher germination rates and germination potentials. Regarding growth indicators, with increasing Zn concentration, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of both cultivars initially increased and then decreased, whereas root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight gradually declined. For physiological indices, as Zn concentration increased, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in both wheat cultivars showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In contrast, peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content progressively increased, while free proline content first decreased and then increased. In conclusion, Zn concentrations of 50-100 mg/L were conducive to the seed germination and seeding growth of Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15; Zn concentration exceeding 100 mg/L had a certain inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination.

To explore the influencing factors of the silk content rate of cigarette machine stems and their impact on the quality of cigarettes, the gradient test of setting different and air separation air volumes in the secondary air separation was studied. The stem rejection flow rate, the silk content rate of meme tags, cigarette stem tag rate and the quality indicators of cigarettes were measured. Regression analysis was carried out using the univariate linear regression equation. A correlation analysis between the silk content rate of meme tags and the quality indicators of cigarettes was conducted. The results showed that the univariate linear regression equation between the tobacco stalk content rate y and the tobacco stalk rejection flow rate x was y_{tobacco stalk}=-2.888+0.101x_{flow rate}, and the univariate linear regression equation between the tobacco stalk content rate y and the tobacco stalk content rate x was y_{stem-containing}=24.808－2.446x_{tobacco stalk}. The univariate linear regression equation between the tobacco stem-containing label rate y stem-containing and the stem-removing logistics volume x was y_{stem-containing}=34.222－0.286x_{flow rate}, and both equations were statistically significant (P<0.05). The correlations between the filament content rate of the skew and the average weight deviation, resistance deviation and hardness of a single skew were -0.954 4、-0.851 0和-0.523 2 respectively, and the correlations were all statistically significant (P<0.01). The above results indicated that the rejection flow rate of stem sticks had a positive impact on the silk content rate of stem sticks and a negative impact on the filament content rate of cigarettes. The silk content rate of stem sticks had a negative impact on the cigarette content rate of stem sticks. Moreover, the silk content of the stem tag was negatively correlated with the standard deviation of cigarette weight per gram, the standard deviation of absorption resistance and the mean hardness.

To elucidate the role of green manure in ameliorating production conditions in wheat fields, a field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in the Southern Xinjiang region. High-fertility and low-fertility wheat fields were selected, and 4 cropping patterns were established: post-wheat relay-cropped maize (CK), summer fallow (BK), post-wheat planted and incorporated rapeseed (YC), and post-wheat planted and incorporated sunflower (YK). The impacts of green manure on soil enzyme activity and wheat yield under different fertility levels were analyzed. The results showed that incorporating green manure enhanced the activity of certain soil enzymes, while summer fallow had no significant effect on improving soil tillage conditions. For high-fertility wheat fields, the YC treatment increased soil urease and invertase activity by 69.6% and 52.6%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. The YK treatment increased soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity by 72.7% and 82.9%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. For low-fertility wheat fields, the YC treatment increased alkaline phosphatase activity by 148.4% compared to the CK treatment, while the YK treatment increased soil urease, catalase, and invertase activity by 97.2%, 124.3%, and 84.7%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. Regarding yield and yield components, no statistically significant differences in wheat yield were observed among the treatments in high-fertility wheat fields (P>0.05). In low-fertility wheat fields, the yields of the BK, YC, and YK treatments were increased by 4.5%, 24.1%, and 28.6%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. The number of grains per spike and thousand-grain weight were significantly higher in the YC and YK treatments than in the CK treatment (P<0.05). Overall, post-wheat planted and incorporated green manure was beneficial for improving soil tillage quality in low-fertility wheat fields and enhancing wheat yield.

A comparative analysis was conducted between agricultural soil survey data from the 1980s and over 20 000 soil pH samples from the soil testing and formula fertilization project (2010s) in the study area. The trends in soil pH variation, causes of soil acidification, primary control technologies, and appropriate soil improvement measures were explored. The results showed that the average value of soil pH in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 1980s to 2010s, the proportion of neutral soil decreased by 13.1%, the proportion of acidic soil increased by 14.4%, and the proportion of soil area decreased by 1 unit of soil pH accounted for 24.48%. The analysis showed that the accelerated soil acidification was caused by many factors such as the application of soil parent material and chemical fertilizer, land use mode, acid rain, and the reduction of the application amount of alkaline substances such as plant ash. Based on the causes of soil acidification, the current technology of soil acidification resistance and control was discussed, including alkaline neutralization technology, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, agricultural engineering measures to reduce and control stains, and green fertilizer + biological fertilizer improvement technology.The soil improvement measures suitable for the actual situation of the study area were put forward, including adding alkaline substances such as lime, organic ash and residue and increasing organic fertilizer.

The entry of heavy metals into soil may cause degradation of soil quality and lead to changes in the ecological characteristics of soil microorganisms. The impacts of heavy metal types and concentrations on microbial respiratory rate, biomass, biomass carbon, diversity, community structure, and functional genes in soil were summarized. Additionally, research in the field of microbial molecular ecology of heavy metal-contaminated soil was prospected, aiming to provide a reference for studying the effect of heavy metal pollution on soil microbial characteristics.

In order to screen high-yield, high-quality, and mature soybean varieties suitable for planting in Northern Jiangxi Province, 13 soybean varieties including Zhongdou 5101, Huadou 42, and Wandou 60 were used as materials, the growth period, field characteristics, agronomic traits, and yield of each variety were compared and analyzed under the production conditions of the experimental field in the current year. The experimental results showed that the varieties with good comprehensive agronomic traits and yield performance include Huadou 42, Xingdou 106, Zhonghuang 338, and Zhongdou 5101, with a growth period of 93-96 days. They had excellent agronomic traits and good lodging resistance, with a yield of 3.452-3.738 t/hm², an increase of 0.97%-9.33% compared to Zhongdou 41 (CK). Among them, Huadou 42 and Xingdou 106 increased their yield by 9.33% and 6.41% respectively compared to CK, with great potential for yield increase and could be promoted for planting in the study area. The research results provide references for high-yield and high-quality soybean production in the region.

Based on the practice of supporting and reinforcing the protection of ancient trees in the Forbidden City, the reasons for supporting and reinforcing ancient and famous trees were analyzed, and the types and technical key points of supporting ancient trees, pulling fibers and reinforcing with iron hoop in combination with examples were summarized. The reasons for support and reinforcement were hollow rot and splitting of the ancient tree body, tilting and crown deviation, increased load of the tree body, and shallow root distribution. The technical measures for the protection of ancient trees in the imperial courts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties included support with double “π”-shaped fir poles and multiple “T”-shaped fir poles. The support and reinforcement of ancient trees included 3 types: hard support, fiber drawing reinforcement and iron hoop reinforcement. Among them, hard support could be further classified into single-column“T” type, double-column “π” type and multi-column persimmon type support. Choose elastic support heads in a timely manner to promote the adaptive growth of ancient trees; the forms of cable bracing reinforcement could be selected as single lead type, triangular type, radial type and box type according to the morphological characteristics of the branches to be protected in the crown, and materials such as steel wire rope, steel bar or steel pipe could be chosen according to the thickness of the branches. Split tree trunks could be reinforced with iron hoops. This article provides a reference for the protection of ancient trees in cultural heritage sites.

为进一步筛选适合皖西地区种植的高产、多抗和优质的杂交中籼稻新品种,本研究对浙两优美香新占等28个中籼稻新品种进行了展示比较试验,从生育时期、农艺性状、抗性及产量等方面进行综合评价。筛选出了12个丰产性好、生育期适中且综合抗性较强的水稻新品种,依次是吨两优900、宜两优粤禾丝苗、荃两优鄂丰丝苗、润两优619、荃优386、筑两优427、徽两优广丝苗、徽两优香丝苗、巧两优玉晶占、缘两优819、万丰优818和华两优919。目的在于为该地区杂交中籼水稻主推品种筛选提供参考。

The method of combining field investigation and literature review were adopted, through the investigation and analysis of Huyang tomato industry, the development status of village characteristic industry and the link that needs to be improved were discussed. In view of the aspects such as the scale of village-level characteristic industries, villagers’ agricultural technology knowledge, brand benefits of agricultural products and e-commerce operation of agricultural products, the development path of village-level characteristic industries such as “one village, one product” + cooperatives, brands + technological innovation, investment + industrial diversification, rural talents + capable people + training, village-level cultural symbols + spiritual and cultural industries was proposed to provide references for the development of village-level industries under the background of rural industry revitalization.

To further screen and enrich the types of excellent fresh waxy maize varieties, this study conducted a demonstration trial with 18 fresh waxy maize varieties including Heijin 699, Ruihezaonuo, and Shenketiannuo 99 as test materials, comparing and analyzing their growth period, main agronomic traits, ear traits, occurrence of diseases and insect pests, quality, and yield. The results showed that Ruihebainuo 80 germinated 7 days after sowing; it had a plant height of 213.7 cm, with no lodging or stem breaking; the ear length was 20.1 cm, tip barrenness was 0.3 cm, and the fresh 100-grain weight was 35.8 g; the total quality score was 88.8 points, and the yield reached 16 716.7 kg/hm⊃2;. Shenketiannuo 99 germinated 6 days after sowing; its plant height was 207.5 cm, with a lodging rate of 0.4% and no stem breaking; the ear length was 19.6 cm, tip barrenness was 0.9 cm, and the fresh 100-grain weight was 37.2 g; the total quality score was 88.1 points, and the yield was 14 441.7 kg/hm⊃2;. Huanaicaitiannuo 102 germinated 6 days after sowing; it had a plant height of 234.1 cm, with a lodging rate of 0.4% and no stem breaking; the ear length was 21.7 cm, tip barrenness was 1.0 cm, and the fresh 100-grain weight was 42.5 g; the total quality score was 87.8 points, and the yield amounted to 16 039.6 kg/hm⊃2;. Shenbaitiannuo No. 3 germinated 7 days after sowing; its plant height was 196.3 cm, with no lodging or stem breaking; the ear length was 19.3 cm, tip barrenness was 1.1 cm, and the fresh 100-grain weight was 41.0 g; the total quality score was 88.2 points, and the yield was 13 981.3 kg/hm⊃2;. Huhongnuo No. 1 germinated 6 days after sowing; it had a plant height of 227.3 cm, with no lodging or stem breaking; the ear length was 19.1 cm, no tip barrenness, and the fresh 100-grain weight was 40.5 g; the total quality score was 90.4 points, and the yield reached 14 731.3 kg/hm⊃2;. Heijin 699 germinated 7 days after sowing; its plant height was 188.1 cm, with no lodging but a stem breaking rate of 1.7%; the ear length was 18.0 cm, tip barrenness was 0.4 cm, the fresh 100-grain weight was 34.7 g, and it had purple kernels; the total quality score was 88.5 points, and the yield was 12 708.3 kg/hm⊃2;. For all the above varieties, the incidence grade of sheath blight, stem rot and Asian corn borer was grade 1. Comprehensively, Ruihebainuo 80 had an outstanding yield advantage and excellent quality performance; three varieties, namely Huanaicaitiannuo 102, Shenketiannuo 99 and Shenbaitiannuo No. 3, showed good yield and quality, with good comprehensive traits; Huhongnuo No. 1 had relatively high yield, excellent quality and good marketability; although Heijin 699 had no prominent yield advantage, it had a sweet, tender and glutinous taste, good quality and purple kernels, with good commercial appearance. All the 6 above-mentioned varieties had good comprehensive performance and could be promoted for cultivation in the study area.

To screen high quality rapeseed varieties with good resistance and high yield suitable for promotion in Wuwei City, Anhui Province, Fengyou 737 was used as a control,12 rapeseed varieties including Zhongyouza 39, Ningza 158, and Huihaoyou 12 were selected for display experiments, and comprehensive analysis was conducted on indicators such as growth process, stress resistance, economic traits, and yield. The results showed that there were differences in the growth process among different varieties, with the entire growth period ranging from 225 to 231 days; in terms of resistance, each tested variety experienced more severe frost damage and relatively less occurrence of clubroot disease under the climatic conditions of the study area that year; in terms of economic traits and yield, the plant height of each variety ranges from 125.1 to 168.8 cm, the number of siliques per plant ranges from 180.3 to 322.3, and the yield ranges from 1 986.45 to 3 552.00 kg/hm²; in terms of planting benefits, the chemical benefits of various varieties range from 11 918.7 to 21 312.0 yuan/hm², with Huihaoyou 12 having the highest pure benefit. Overall, Zhongyouza 39, Ningza 158, Huihaoyou 12, Huideyou 88, and Heyou 5 have a moderate growth period and good comprehensive resistance performance, and their economic and yield traits are coordinated.

To explore efficient and scalable foliar resistance control agents in rice production, 4 foliar inhibitors (potassium fulvic acid, silicon fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, and selenium fertilizer) were selected to investigate its effects on rice growth and yield, as well as the effect of accumulation and transport of cadmium in various organs of rice. The results showed that after spraying four foliar inhibitors during the tillering and grain filling stages of rice, the plant height, tiller number, and thousand grain weight of rice increased to varying degrees. Compared with the blank control, the yield of rice treated with foliar inhibitors increased by 0.34% to 4.83%. After the application of foliar inhibitors, the cadmium content in the roots, stems, leaves, and grains of rice decreased, and the cadmium content in all treated grains met the national food safety standards. Based on the comprehensive analysis of rice yield and cadmium reduction effect, it is recommended to adopt foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer technology in mildly cadmium polluted rice fields to control the absorption and transport of cadmium in rice and achieve safe rice production.

To enhance the market competitiveness of the Hami melon brand in Hami City, Xinjiang, the current situation of Hami melon brand construction in Hami National Agricultural Science and Technology Park by questionnaire survey was analyzed, and accordingly relevant strategies for enhancing brand awareness were proposed. The results showed that in terms of brand promotion efforts, some consumers’ understanding of Hami melons was limited to the level that they were produced in Hami, Xinjiang, while consumers’ deeper understanding of their quality, taste, nutritional value, etc., was relatively lacking. In terms of the consumer group, the consumer group of Hami melons in the study area was relatively stable, mainly concentrated in the consumer group aged 30 to 45, accounting for 44.08%. Urban consumers constitute the main body of the consumer group, among which the proportion of female consumers was relatively high, accounting for 64.93%. In terms of the effect of market expansion, its consumer groups were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southwest regions, accounting for 30.33% and 31.28% respectively. The frequency of daily family consumption was relatively low, while the choices as festival gifts and friends’ gatherings were relatively more common. In terms of market competitiveness, the loyalty of some consumers to brands had not yet reached an ideal state, and they often made choices based on price and promotional activities when purchasing. During the process of brand building, measures such as strengthening brand promotion, expanding the consumer group, broadening market coverage, enhancing brand competitiveness and customer loyalty should be taken to continuously improve brand awareness and market influence. This article provides a reference for enhancing the brand influence of hami melons.

The nutritional value, processing technology and product development of potato residue were summarized and analyzed, the relationship between the development and utilization of potato residue and environmental protection was expounded, and the development prospect of potato residue and the aspects to be improved were discussed, so as to provide references for realizing efficient utilization of potato residue resources, green sustainable development and environmental protection. Potato residue is rich in nutrients such as fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable resource for various industries. By utilizing advanced processing technologies, potato residue can be converted into high-value products such as feed, biofuels, and biodegradable plastics. These products not only reduce waste and relieve environmental pollution but also contribute to the development of a circular economy. However, there are still challenges to overcome in the efficient utilization of potato residue.,including technical limitations, market constraints, and security. By adopting innovative technologies and strategies, potato residue can be transformed a waste product into a valuable resource, achieving the utilization of agricultural waste resources and environmental protection.

Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by various fungus such as Fusarium is a typical fungal soil-borne disease. In recent years, the frequency and severity of the disease are increasing, which poses a serious threat to wheat production and food security. The occurrence characteristics, regularity and causes of Fusarium crown rot of wheat were reviewed, and the comprehensive control measures combining agricultural control, chemical control and biological control were put forward, in order to provide some technical references for the comprehensive control of Fusarium crown rot of wheat.

Canine distemper is a non zoonotic disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study focuses on dogs suspected of suffering from canine distemper, and diagnoses them through clinical examination, blood biochemical indicators, blood routine indicators,and antigen detection; adopt methods such as combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Sangju Yinqiao powder decoction + Doxycycline powder, etc.) and treating based on syndrome differentiation to treat it. The results showed that the diseased dogs had poor mental state, frequent sneezing, thick nasal discharge, and bleeding. The concentrations of albumin, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and globulin in the diseased dog were higher than the reference values. The total number of white blood cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils were significantly increased. The antigen test was positive. All the evidence indicates that the dog is suffering from canine distemper.After treatment, the dog’s condition improved, and its appetite, mental state, blood biochemical indicators, and blood routine indicators all returned to normal. This article provides reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

The practical application of smart agricultural technologies was explored in agricultural planting, production management, and other aspects in agricultural production. The effectiveness of the development of smart agriculture with Yunnan Plateau characteristics were analyzed, including the gradual elongation of the agricultural industry chain, significant effects of modular management, and outstanding achievements in independent innovation. The areas that need further improvement was explored in infrastructure construction, key technology research and development, and professional talent reserve for the development of smart agriculture. Taking tobacco, flowers, coffee, tea, and seed industries as research objects, the development strategies of key industries were analyzed in high-altitude smart agriculture, including the application of Internet of Things technology to develop the tobacco industry, the application of industrial Internet of Things technology to develop the flower industry, the construction of a traceable system to develop the tea and coffee industries, and the rational utilization and protection of seed industry resources. This article provided references for promoting the transformation, upgrading, and industrialization development of plateau characteristic agriculture, and promoting the revitalization of rural industries.

To screen high yield and high quality hybrid rice varieties suitable for planting in the Chizhou region of Anhui Province, a trial was conducted on 20 hybrid rice varieties, including Quanyou 5438, Fliangyou 1252, and Wuliangyouyuzhan. The growth period, plant vigor, resistance, yield, and yield components of the varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the full growth period of the tested varieties ranged from 132 to 141 days. Among them, Wuliangyouyuzhan, Tailiangyouxiangwu, Liangyou 517, and Jiuliangyou No.9 exhibited moderate growth vigor, while the others showed vigorous growth. All varieties demonstrated strong lodging and disease resistance. In terms of yield and yield components, plant height ranged from 97.8 to 123.2 cm, effective panicles per hectare from 2.035 to 3.192 million/hm², total grains per panicle from 179.1 to 320.3, grain density from 7.6 to 12.8 grains/cm, seed-setting rate from 72.0% to 93.0%, and 1 000-grain weight from 19.6 to 26.6 g. Notably, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 achieved higher yields of 12.2, 12.1, 12.0, 11.9, and 11.9 t/hm⊃2;, respectively.In conclusion, Liangyou 1976, Xiangliangyou 998, Jiuliangyousimiao, Quanliangyou 532, and Ningliangyou 1513 exhibited suitable growth periods, moderate plant height, vigorous growth, well-balanced yield structure, strong adaptability, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. The trial results provide a reference for the introduction and production of hybrid rice varieties in the related regions.

节水抗旱稻是一种新型的水稻品种,具有高产优质、节水抗旱和适应性广的特点。本文介绍了节水抗旱稻的发展优势,包括应对高温干旱环境变化,减少水利基础设施建设投入,降低生产成本和劳动强度,扩大水稻种植面积,以及保障水稻生产安全等;探讨丰产栽培技术,包括应选择地势平坦、排灌方便的连片地块,选择适应栽培地气候条件的品种进行机械化穴播,播后采取“一封、二杀、三补”的杂草防除方式,水分以自然降水为主,田间持水量较低时可采取微喷灌方式,病虫害以防治根结线虫、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、水稻细菌性条斑病、纹枯病和稻瘟病等为主,可采取“一喷多促”方式在防治病虫草害的同时,促进作物生长。目的在于为节水抗旱稻的推广和产量提高提供参考。

Shenyou 28 is a hybrid japonica rice variety using the male sterile line Shen 21A and the restoring line Shenhui 26-28. This article introduced the characteristics of Shenyou 28 variety and summarized the whole mechanized and efficient seed production technology, including seed selection, control of sowing time, regulation of flowering period, mechanical leaf cutting, mechanical assisted pollination, harvesting and drying, to providing technical guidance for hybrid rice seed production. This variety had comprehensive advantages such as early maturity, high yield, excellent rice quality, and strong disease resistance. In order to fully tap into the yield potential of Shenyou 28, its high-yield cultivation techniques had been summarized from the aspects of timely sowing, fertilizer operation, slurry management, and suitable harvest, providing reference for the promotion and demonstration of new varieties.

Balcony agriculture is gradually expanding the public's understanding of urban agriculture, effectively bringing people and nature closer together. Balcony agriculture is conducive to meeting the needs of urban residents to experience farming and relieve stress, and it not only has ornamental and edible value, but also provides various functions such as leisure and science education. The main application model of balcony agriculture were introduced, with a focus on analyzed the current development status of balcony agriculture and the areas for improvement in planting cost investment, industrial chain improvement, planted management technology standards, and promotion. Solutions were also proposed, including establishing a sound supporting service system for balcony agriculture, doing a good job in breeding balcony agriculture varieties, optimizing existing technologies, and vigorously promoting balcony agriculture, providing reference for the development of this industry.

A variety comparison experiment on 9 soybean varieties, including Zhengdou 196, Pudou 206, and Qihuang 34 was conducted in Nanyang City, Henan Province. The growth process, plant traits, seed traits, and yield were analyzed as indicators. The results showed that the top 5 varieties in terms of yield in the experimental field were Qihuang 34 (4 325.3 kg/hm²), Zhonghuang 37 (4 015.6 kg/hm²), Pudou 206 (3 871.2 kg/hm²), Zhoudou 46 (3 816.3 kg/hm²), and Zhonghuang 61(3 425.6 kg/hm²), with a total growth period of 110-117 days. In terms of plant type, except for Zhoudou 46 which was compact, the other four varieties were convergent. Except for Pudou 206 and Zhonghuang 37, which had sub limited pod setting characteristics, the rest had limited pod setting habits. In terms of seed characteristics, Zhoudou 46 had yellow round and brown navel seeds, while Qihuang 34 had yellow oval and black navel seeds. The other three varieties had yellow oval and brown navel seeds. Except for Qihuang 34, which had no luster, the other four varieties show a faint or glossy appearance. This indicates that the agronomic and yield structure factors of five varieties, including Zhengdou 196, are relatively coordinated and can be promoted for planting in the study area and similar ecological locations.

The common types of pests and diseases in corn production and their harmful symptom were reviewed, and strategies for the control of corn pests and diseases were explained from the aspects of agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control. Diseases such as top rot, bacterial stalk rot, leaf spot, sheath blight, and rust were commonly found in corn, while common insect pests include armyworms, corn aphids, corn borers, and thrips. The effective control of pests and diseases issues in the corn planting process was achieved through the comprehensive use of various means such as biological control, chemical control, and precision agriculture techniques, thereby ensuring the yield and quality of corn. A reference for the scientific and efficient control of pests and diseases in corn production was provided.

To investigate the species of Hesperiidae butterflies in the Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, and with reference to HJ 710.9—2014 Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Monitoring—Butterflies, butterfly surveys were conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. Using the netting method during sunny weather between 9:00 and 17:00, five representative habitat transects were selected, with monthly surveys conducted. Species identification was performed by referring to resources such as The Chinese Butterfly Illustrated Guide. The results revealed 31 species belonging to 19 genera of Hesperiidae in the study area. Compared with previous literature records, 22 newly recorded species were identified, including Abraximorpha davidii, Ampittia virgata, and Baoris farri. Additionally, Pelopidas conjuncta and Potanthus tibetana were recorded for the first time in Guizhou Province. These findings provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of butterfly resources in the region.

To screen the tyrosine medium formula that could make Bacillus subtilis var. niger produce melanin stably, the tyrosine medium was optimized by single factor experiment method, and the effects of Tyrosine (L-tyrosine, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively), carbon source (glucose, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively), nitrogen source (tryptone, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively)，amino acid (casein,0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0 and 60.0 mL/L, respectively) and induction time (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) on the production of melanin by Bacillus subtilis var. niger were investigated. The adaptability of 4 kinds of indicators, including ATCC 9372 biological indicator sterilized by Fujie brand ethylene oxide, was verified. The results showed that the optimal addition amounts of L-tyrosine, glucose, tryptone and casein were 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 g/L and 10 mL/L, respectively. The optimal culture time was 72～96 h. Under this condition, the Bacillus subtilis var. niger could be induced well, and the melanin produced was stable. The results provided a reference for the screening, culture and further application of Bacillus subtilis var. niger.

The species, host plants, damage parts，damage degree and community composition of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in Chongming District of Shanghai were investigated by detailed investigation method and spot investigation method. The results showed that there were 122 species in 24 families, including 21 families, 118 species and 4 dominant species of Lepidoptera, 3 families, 4 species and 2 dominant species of Hymenoptera. In terms of the degree of harm, there were 79 minor (+) species, accounting for 64.75%; 37 species with moderate (++) damage, accounting for 30.33%; 6 species with damage (+++), accounting for 4.92%. There were many species of leaf-eating pests in the study area, but their composition and structure were relatively simple, and the species that could cause serious damage were mainly concentrated in a few families. In view of the harmful characteristics of leaf-eating pests of garden plants in this area, the comprehensive control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants was proposed. The control strategy of leaf-eating pests of garden plants should adhere to the principle of “prevention first and comprehensive control”, and improve the insect-resistant ability of garden plants based on the forest management measures of resistant tree species. At the same time, the occurrence law of pests should be mastered and appropriate comprehensive control measures should be taken in time, to reduce the scope of occurrence of pests, reduce the degree of harm of pests. This study provided a reference for the control of garden plant leaf-eating pests in this area and ecologically similar areas.

The principles of rural landscape planning and design were expounded. Ershili Dian Village in Hutubi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was taken as an example to analyze the current situation of its rural landscape. Through the integration of local agriculture, tourism and cultural industries, planning strategies for rural landscapes from the perspective of industrial revitalization were proposed. The principles of rural landscape planning and design mainly include the balance of protection and utilization, the preservation of regional culture, multi-faceted integration, and sustainable development. The research area has unique geographical advantages, folk customs characteristics and abundant seedling resources. with nursery stock, farmland and animal husbandry as its distinctive features. The planning and design of the research area aims to build a leisure tourism village, integrate the advantageous resources of the nursery distribution center, and promote the integrated development of rural industries. On this basis, a rural landscape planning strategy oriented towards industrial integration is proposed, emphasizing the diversified development of landscape functions. It aims to build experiential agricultural landscapes, smart flower and tree seedling science popularization parks, seedling landscape paths, digital cloud seedling platforms, and develop ecological forest undergrowth economy, etc., to enhance the value of tourism landscapes and drive the development of other industries through the primary industry. To achieve a win-win situation in economic, social and ecological benefits for rural landscapes, so as to comprehensively enhance and develop rural landscapes in the long term. This article provides references for the revitalization of rural industries and the improvement of rural landscapes.

Based on the meteorological departments of 6 national level hybrid rice seed production counties（district） of Sichuan Province, including Qionglai City, Zitong County, Anzhou District of Mianyang City, Dongpo District of Meishan City, Dazhu County, and Luxian County, a survey meteorological support services’ current status for hybrid rice seed production were conducted. Specific analysis was conducted from four aspects: agricultural meteorological observation methods, service support technology, service product system, and professional technical personnel. Specific measures had been proposed from four aspects regarding the demand for meteorological services in the “breeding” “production” “promotion” stages of the hybrid rice seed production industry: building an intelligent observation station network, developing “intelligent” service technology, improving intelligent socialized services, and strengthening talent team construction. To provide useful references for establishing a modern meteorological guarantee service system for hybrid rice seed production.