To promote the rapid development of the blueberry industry, the current situation of this industry development was analyzed in Huaining County, Anhui Province, the areas that need to be improved in the process of blueberry industry upgrading was point out, and the targeted development strategies were proposed. In terms of current situation, the blueberry industry in the research area is continuously expanding in scale and upgrading in technological applications; continuous improvement in processing capabilities and innovative development of agriculture and tourism; actively creating the characteristic brand has gradually improved its efficiency. The areas that need improvement include limited development space, low brand premium, and insufficient technological empowerment. Therefore, the following development strategies are proposed. Expand the development space of industries and explore the cooperation model of “technical service+base from other counties”; strengthen brand operation, improve brand management system, and expand online and offline sales channels; strengthen the industrial chain, introduce and cultivate leading enterprises, and enhance the level of deep processing; strengthen technological leadership, promote digital agricultural technologies such as water fertilizer integration, rain shelter cultivation, and substrate cultivation. This article provides references for promoting the high quality development of blueberry industry and promoting the development of “one county, one industry” characteristic industries.
To explore the effects of different application combinations and application frequencies of gibberellin (GA3) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations on the fruit development and quality traits of blueberries, the blueberry variety ‘Jewel’ was used as the experimental material, and water treatment was used as the control (CK). The blueberry seedlings at the full flowering stage were sprayed with 25 mg/L GA3, 20 mg/L NAA, and 25 mg/L GA3+20 mg/L NAA (GA3+NAA), respectively. The fruits in each group clusters were repeatedly sprayed twice and three times respectively during the young fruit stage and the expansion stage. The indicators such as the single fruit weight, total phenol and proanthocyanidin content of blueberries in each group after treatment were determined. The results showed that the effects of NAA and GA3 treatment in increasing the single fruit weight were better than those of GA3+NAA treatment. Spraying of GA3+NAA twice could increase the contents of total phenols, proanthocyanidins, soluble sugars and soluble solids in plants, and the effect was better than spraying GA3 or NAA alone twice. The effects of NAA and GA3+NAA treatments in reducing the content of titratable acids are superior to those of GA3 treatments. Spraying GA3 once had a better effect on increasing the vitamin C content of blueberry. In conclusion, spraying GA3+NAA (25 mg/L+20 mg/L) twice was beneficial for improving the quality of blueberry fruits. This article provides a reference for the scientific application of plant growth regulators in blueberry cultivation.
To explore the influence of adding oak chips combined with ultrasonic treatment on the aroma quality of blueberry brandy, in this study, blueberry distilled spirits were sealed and aged at 25 ℃ for 30 days as the control (CK). oak chips were added and ultrasonic treatment was carried out during the aging of blueberry distilled spirits. Through sensory description and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the sensory properties of aged blueberry brandy with different treatments, the composition of volatile compounds, and the correlation between aroma compounds and aroma properties were analyzed. The results showed that after 30 days of aging with oak chips and ultrasonic treatment, the floral, banana, woody and smoky aroma attributes in blueberry brandy were significantly enhanced. Compared with CK, after adding oak chips, a new substance, n-pentanol, was produced in the wine. After ultrasonic treatment with oak chips, the contents of ethyl isovalerate, 2-ethylhexanol, furfural, benzaldehyde, ethyl butyrate, etc. in the wine were significantly increased. Correlation analysis showed that compounds such as n-pentanol, furfural, 2-ethylhexanol, left-handed-β-pinene, methyl salicylate, ethyl phenylacetate, and ethyl butyrate in the liquor were closely related to the floral, fruit, and woody aroma attributes. The aroma activity value (OAV) value of the aroma compound treated with oak chips and ultrasonic waves was relatively high. Among them, the OAV of (E) -β -methionone with floral properties was the highest, and the aroma quality of its wine was relatively high. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment combined with oak chip processing is conducive to enhancing the aroma quality of blueberry brandy, providing a reference for the quality improvement of blueberry brandy.
To investigate the effect of flower age on the growth of self-pollinated pollen tubes and the lifespan of embryo sacs in rabbit-eye blueberries, ‘Powderblue’ rabbit-eye blueberry was used as experimental material, the flowers of different flower ages (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after male removal) were self-pollinated. And the the germination of pollen, growth of pollen tube, and embryo sac longevity development were observed. The results showed that flower age had a significant effect on the dynamics of pollen tubes in self-pollination rabbit-eye blueberries. During the balloon flowering period (0 days after male removal), self-pollination delayed the germination of pollen tubes, but the proportion of styles with pollen tube growth to the base was the highest. The larger the flower age, the lower the proportion of styles with pollen tubes growing to the base. The ratio of callose in the embryo sac increased with the increase of the age of self-pollinating flowers, among them, the ratio of callus formation in the ovules was lower from 0 to 1 day after male removal, indicating that the older the flower age, the more severe the degeneration of ovules in the ‘Powderblue’ rabbit-eye blueberry. Comprehensive analysis showed that pollination during the balloon flowering period of ‘Powderblue’ rabbit-eye blueberry can alleviate self incompatibility to a certain extent.
Combined with the climatic characteristics and soil conditions of the Jianghuai Watershed region, the efficient cultivation techniques of blueberry suitable for this region were summarized. Specifically, it is advisable to choose plots with abundant sunlight, loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and good ecological conditions. The blueberry varieties suitable for cultivation in the research area include south highbush blueberry and rabbit eye blueberry. Before planting, thoroughly clean the garden, select the best seedlings for planting, and strengthen the management after planting. Adjust the soil pH by using acidic organic matter and acidic fertilizers; during the growth process of blueberry, it is necessary to scientifically manage fertilizer and water, as well as shaping and pruning. Pest and disease control is carried out by means of manual operation, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, biological pesticides, chemical agents, etc. Weed control in time, cut grass for tree tray cover or for making waterlogged compost; harvest at the right time and store scientifically. This article provides a reference for the cultivation and management of blueberry in similar areas.
To investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on seed germination and growth of wheat, two cultivars, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15, were selected as experimental materials. 6 Zn concentration gradients (ZnSO4 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) were set, with 0 mg/L as the control (CK). The germination indicators, growth indicators and physiological indicators of each group were measured. The results showed that in terms of germination parameters, as Zn concentration increased, the germination potential and germination rate of both wheat cultivars first increased and then decreased; at 100 mg/L Zn, Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15 exhibited higher germination rates and germination potentials. Regarding growth indicators, with increasing Zn concentration, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of both cultivars initially increased and then decreased, whereas root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight gradually declined. For physiological indices, as Zn concentration increased, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in both wheat cultivars showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In contrast, peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content progressively increased, while free proline content first decreased and then increased. In conclusion, Zn concentrations of 50-100 mg/L were conducive to the seed germination and seeding growth of Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15; Zn concentration exceeding 100 mg/L had a certain inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination.
To promote the technology of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers and study its practical effects in wheat production, an experiment was conducted at Yanghu Farm in Sixian, Anhui Province. The experiment included 7 fertilization treatments: no fertilization, conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization, organic and inorganic combined fertilization 1 (organic fertilizer replacing 15% chemical fertilizer), organic and inorganic combined fertilization 2 (organic fertilizer replacing 30% chemical fertilizer), nitrogen substitution 1 (organic fertilizer replacing 15% nitrogen fertilizer), and nitrogen substitution 2 (organic fertilizer replacing 30% nitrogen fertilizer). Wheat yield, quality, economic benefits, and soil physicochemical properties were measured under different treatments. The results showed that both organic and inorganic combination and nitrogen substitution treatments increased wheat yield; beneficial for increasing the total protein and starch content of wheat grains and improving economic benefits; the use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers had a promoting effect on the increase of available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content in soil. Overall, the application effect of replacing 15% nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer (nitrogen substitution 1) is better, resulting in higher wheat yield and economic benefits.
To compare and analyze the effects of phosphorus and potassium migration treatment on the number and weight of grains in different parts of wheat spikelet under late-spring coldness, the varieties Yannong 19 with strong resistance to late-spring coldness and Xinmai 26 with weak resistance to late-spring coldness were used as experimental materials, the 6 treatments were seted up, including room temperature+all basic application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (CKR1), room temperature+split application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (CKR2), 4 ℃+all basic application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (T1R1), 4 ℃+split application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (T1R2), -4 ℃+all basic application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (T2R1), -4 ℃+split application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (T2R2), and the number of grains and thousand grain weight at different spikelet positions of wheat were measured at maturity. The results showed that the late-spring coldness treatment reduced the number of grains and thousand grain weight at the upper and lower spikelet positions of the wheat varieties tested, with little effect on the grain yield in the middle spikelet positions. The backward shift of phosphorus and potassium significantly increased the number of grains per spike and thousand grain weight of late-spring coldness wheat during the jointing and booting stage, thereby reducing the impact of late-spring coldness on wheat single spike weight. This article provides guidance on preventing and mitigating late-spring coldness in wheat production.
To screen high yield and high quality autumn-delayed pepper varieties suitable for planting in Hexian, Anhui Province, 15 pepper varieties, including Fuxiangxinfahong, Longguang No. 2, and Haonong 11 (CK, control), were selected for a demonstration experiment in Darong Village, Liyang Town, research area. The growth period, agronomic and economic traits, and yield performance of each variety were observed and recorded. The results showed that in terms of growth period, the number of days from sowing to fruit setting ranged from 44 to 56 days, with variety Kaijin 96-8 having the longest duration (56 days). Regarding agronomic and economic traits, plant height ranged from 52.8 to 70.1 cm, branching node position ranged from 7 to 9, average fruit length ranged from 13.6 to 20.1 cm, average fruit set number ranged from 10.9 to 17.9, and average single fruit weight ranged from 36.8 to 133.0 g. In terms of yield, the varieties exhibited yields ranging from 27 034 to 64 408 kg/hm2. Among them, Kaijin 96-8, Haonong 266, Fuxiang Xinfahong, Qiuhong, Jingang Ruyu, and Super Innovation 98 achieved yields exceeding 60 000 kg/hm2. Based on comprehensive growth performance, three varieties: Fuxiangxinfahong, Haonong 266, and Wuming No. 1 were identified as having suitable fruit numbers, single fruit weight, and high yields, making them suitable for promotion in the relevant regions.
Based on the Asparagus officinalis planting and production practice in the Northern Anhui region, its high quality and high yield cultivation techniques from aspects such as morphological characteristics, growth environment and facility conditions, selection of superior varieties, cultivation of strong seedlings, transplanting and planting, field management, and pest and disease control were summarized. The root of this plant is composed of fleshy storage roots and fibrous absorbing roots. It is dioecious and has a long growth cycle. It is necessary to balance harvesting and plant care to achieve high quality and high yield. Select plots with loose, fertile soil and deep soil layers for Asparagus officinaliscultivation; select first-generation hybrid seeds with neat tender stems, tightly wrapped bamboo shoot tips and scale buds, and strong disease resistance, such as Lu Lusun No.1 and Lusun Prince F1, etc. Asparagus officinalis seeds need to be soaked and germinated before planting, and seedling raising in trays can be adopted. Select the appropriate planting density for different growth stages of seedlings; manage fertilizer, water and temperature conditions scientifically; integrated pest and disease control measures such as agricultural control, physical control and biological control are adopted. Harvest in batches and keep the stems to nourish the plants to maintain their growth and achieve sustainable production. This article provides a reference for high yield cultivation of Asparagus officinalis.
based on the climatic conditions of Zhou Rui Town, Dabu County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, high yield cultivation and postharvest preservation techniques for loquats were analyzed. The study area features a mild four-season climate with concurrent rainfall and heat, long summers, and short winters, making it highly suitable for cultivation. The high yield cultivation involves selecting deep, loose, well-drained soil for planting, with optimal timing in February (before spring bud emergence), early summer, or autumn. Key practices include pit expansion and soil improvement for young trees, balanced application of compound and organic fertilizers, controlled irrigation, timely fertilization to promote growth, and winter-spring pruning and fruit thinning for mature trees. During flowering and fruiting stages, measures such as flower stimulation, thinning, and fruit bagging are implemented. Major diseases and pests including leaf spot, anthracnose, loquat psyllid, and oriental fruit moth， are managed through preventive, integrated green control strategies. Postharvest protocols emphasize harvesting during dew-free mornings, evenings, or cloudy days, followed by rigorous sorting to remove damaged or diseased fruit before grading, packaging, and cold-chain transport. Preservation employs low-temperature storage, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment, and controlled atmosphere storage to extend shelf life. The research and development of deep-processed loquat products should be further expanded to increase their added value. This article provides a reference for the high yield cultivation and storage of loquat in the relevant areas.
In this study, local indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) - Glomus consrictum were selected. Under the stress of cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg), to explore its effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the fixation effect of Cd in soil in three treatment groups: no addition of biochar, addition of biochar A (corn stalks), and addition of biochar B (corn cobs). The FTIR spectral analysis results showed that the functional groups contained in the two types of biochar were approximately the same. The results of the co-treatment of AMF and biochar showed that the addition of two biochars decreased soil total Cd by 2.9%-25.1%, soil available Cd content by 4.8%-15.3%, and increased soil available potassium and soil available phosphorus content under different initial Cd concentrations. The soil pH and soil organic matter increased slightly, but the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed diffused nitrogen decreased. Comprehensive comparison, under low Cd concentration, corncob biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available cadmium, but under medium and high Cd concentration, corn straw biochar had a more significant effect on reducing soil total Cd and available Cd.
To explore the effects of different ratios of processed products of green plant waste on the properties of the physical and chemical properties of the mixed soil and the root growth of young trees, using garden soil (A), compost of mushroom by-products (B), compost of crushed branches and leaves (C), and wood chips (D) as raw materials, orthogonal experiments were designed for camphor tree cultivation experiments to determine soil physical and chemical indicators such as bulk density, total porosity, and water holding capacity. As well as root growth indicators such as root surface area, root diameter and root volume. The range of indicators and the correlations among the indicators were analyzed. The results showed that A had a greater influence on the total porosity of the soil. B had a significant impact on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus. C had a significant influence on organic matter; D had a significant influence on bulk density, maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and pH value. The surface area, length, diameter and number of root tips of the root system were mainly affected by D, while the volume and biomass of the root system were mainly affected by B. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that the primary and secondary order of various factors promoting root development was A, B, D, and C, and the appropriate formula was A∶B∶C∶D in a ratio of 1∶4∶2∶1. Correlation analysis indicated that the root surface area, volume and bulk density were negatively correlated, and positively correlated with the maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus. Overall, it is indicated that compost from mushroom by-products, compost from crushed branches and leaves, and wood chips affect the root growth of the soil by altering its nutrients, bulk density, and water-holding capacity. Theoretically, the appropriate formula is garden soil: compost from mushroom by-products: compost from crushed branches and leaves: wood chips, with a volume ratio of 1∶4∶2∶1.
To explore the impact of various elements in different plant communities on the environment, the current situation of plant resources was analyzed in Binhu Zhuoyue City Sports Square, Hefei City, Anhui Province, the semantic difference method (SD) was used to conduct a questionnaire survey and score the plant community design, and the experience and feelings of tourists were analyzed. The results showed that there were 450 species of trees and shrubs belonging to 73 families and 170 genera in the study area. Most of them were evergreen trees, and the backbone trees mainly included Camphora officinarum, Sapindus mukorossi and Acer rubrum, etc. The characteristic tree species were Triadica sebifera, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, Malus halliana, etc. According to the SD difference score, tourists liked the comfortable and pleasant feeling brought by the plant community in the leisure space, and they were most satisfied with the plant color of the adjacent water landscape. The plant landscape in the adjacent water of the study area made tourists have better psychological feelings, and other landscapes still need to be optimized. This paper provides references for the design of plant community in urban sports square.
The effects of deep fertilization on soil nutrients, plant nutrient uptake, plant growth and development, crop yield and quality were reviewed. Proper deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and organic fertilizer can all increase soil nutrient content. For example, deep application of nitrogen fertilizer (10-25 cm) can reduce nitrogen leaching and volatilization losses in soil; as the depth of compound fertilizer application increases, the ability of nitrate nitrogen in the soil to move downward increases. Proper deep fertilization enhanced nutrient absorption efficiency in crops. Fertilization in appropriate soil layers can promote the growth and development of crops, increases chlorophyll content in leaves, improves photosynthetic characteristics. Appropriate deep fertilization aligns the active root zones with nutrient supply areas, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency. The impact of deep fertilization on yield and quality varies among crops, but proper deep fertilization generally enhances both. This study provides a reference for determining optimal deep fertilizations for different crops and exploring the benefits of yield increase with reduced fertilizer input.
Based on literature review and practice, the application practice of Juncao technology was analyzed, with its limitations in the field of ecological agriculturey were systematicall explored, while corresponding improvement strategies were proposed. In ecological remediation, Juncao demonstrates significant effectiveness in rehabilitating heavy metal-contaminated soils and polluted water bodies. Regarding feed production, Juncao fermented feed exhibits rich nutritional value and excellent palatability, effectively promoting weight gain in beef cattle, reducing feed costs, decreasing pollutant emissions, and achieving dual enhancement of ecological and economic benefits. Circular models such as“Juncao-breeding-planting”and“Juncao-edible fungi-organic fertilizer”have realized resource recycling and waste valorization. However, challenges remain in technology popularization, funding investment, and guarantee system for Juncao applications. To address these issues, strategies including intensified research and development and promotion, establishment of diversified funding mechanisms, improved policy support and institutional safeguards, enhanced technical service systems, and expanded market applications are proposed to advance Juncao industry development. This research provides valuable references for promoting the broader adoption of Juncao technology.
To determine the aerial application effect of 19% picoxystrobin·propiconazole microemulsion on wheat scab, 5 treatments were set up, namely 19% picoxystrobin·propiconazole microemulsion, 48% cyanothiazole·tebuconazole suspension, 30% prothiazole dispersible oil suspension, 30% triazole ether · fluconazole suspension and clear water control treatment (CK). Field aerial application experiments were conducted using unmanned aerial vehicles. Observe the safety of the agent and the phenotypic traits of wheat, calculate the control effect and determine its yield. The results showed that 19% picoxystrobin·propiconazole microemulsion had good safety for wheat growth. After treatment, the wheat leaves were wax-yellow to light yellow, the ears and stalks were wax-yellow, and the maturity appearance was relatively good. 7 days after the second application of the drug, the prevention and control effect was better. The rate of diseased clusters, the control efficacy of diseased clusters, the disease index and the control efficacy of diseased fingers were 0.20%, 95.45%, 0.03 and 95.65% respectively. 28 days after the second administration of the drug, the rate of diseased clusters, the control effect of diseased clusters, the disease index and the control effect of disease fingers were 6.00%, 80.52%, 2.91 and 82.50% respectively, all of which were higher than those in other treatment groups. The yield results indicated that the yield of wheat treated with 19% picoxystrobin · propiconazole microemulsion was 7 146.60 kg/hm2, which was higher than that of other treatments. Compared with CK, the yield increase rate was 11.39%. The comprehensive results show that under the conditions of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles, the application of 19% picoxystrobin · propiconazole microemulsion to control wheat scab has a good control effect, a long persistence period, and a certain yield-increasing effect.
To investigate the potential mitigating effects of yeast selenium (Se-Y) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver injury in quails, 20-day-old female yellow-feathered quails were randomly divided into four groups (10 quails per group): control group (basic daily ration), Se-Y group (0.8 mg/kg Se-Y), AFB1 group (30 μg/kg B.W AFB1), and Se-Y+AFB1 antagonism group (0.8 mg/kg Se-Y+30 μg/kg B.W AFB1). Liver histopathological damage, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic oxidative and antioxidant indices, and the expression levels of genes related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway were assessed.The results showed that compared with the control group, AFB1 exposure caused the quail livers to exhibit swelling, yellowing, whitening, and fragility. Histopathological observations revealed disordered cell cord arrangements, hepatocyte swelling, and vacuolar degeneration. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly increased. In liver tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were markedly elevated, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced. Additionally, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was decreased. The expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related genes (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, SOD1, CAT) was significantly suppressed. Compared with the AFB1 group, the Se-Y+AFB1 antagonism group alleviated AFB1-induced liver histopathological damage, reduced serum AST and ALT activities, and increased hepatic GSH-Px, CAT, and T-SOD activities as well as T-AOC levels. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related genes were upregulated.In conclusion, AFB1 exposure induces oxidative stress in quail livers and suppresses the expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors, leading to liver injury. Se-Y counteracts AFB1-induced hepatic oxidative damage by enhancing the expression of Nrf2-related factors, though the precise mechanisms require further investigation.
To evaluate the nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from various raw materials, 30 DDGS samples were classified into 5 groups based on their raw material sources and crude protein content: rice DDGS, corn DDGS (Ⅰ), corn DDGS (Ⅱ), low-proportion cassava DDGS (CP > 18%), and high-proportion cassava DDGS (CP < 18%). The nutritional composition and predicted energy values were compared among these groups. Additionally, 5 representative DDGS samples were selected for further analysis of their gross energy, enzyme hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and digestibility determined by simulated digestion method.The results demonstrated that as the cassava substitution ratio increased, the crude protein and crude fat content of cassava DDGS gradually decreased, while crude fiber and crude ash content increased. Furthermore, model-predicted energy analysis revealed a significant decline in energy value with higher cassava substitution ratios, indicating poorer quality. Simulated digestion experiments confirmed that the energy value and digestibility of cassava DDGS decreased as the cassava substitution ratio rose.In conclusion, low-proportion cassava DDGS, with its high crude protein content and superior digestibility, is suitable as a quality protein source. Conversely, high-proportion cassava DDGS, characterized by elevated crude fiber and crude ash content, is less suitable for monogastric animals due to reduced nutrient utilization but can serve as a cost-effective roughage for ruminants.
This investigation mainly adopts the method of line investigation, and combines field investigation, sample plot investigation, individual tree investigation, literature review, and interviews with informed people to assist in the investigation. It analyzes the types, quantities, and distribution status of wild forest trees, collected and preserved species, cultivated and utilized species, ancient and famous trees, rare and protected forest and grass species, superior stands and superior individual trees, as well as herbaceous species and other forest and grass germplasm resources in Jieshou City, Anhui Province. The results show that 46 kinds of wild forest resources such as Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora and Camphora officinarum are recorded; 5 kinds of germplasm resources such as Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Wanhuai1’, Quercus acutissima,Koelreuteria bipinnata,and ‘integrifoliola’ are collected and preserved; 130 kinds of forest and grass germplasm resources such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus bungeana are cultivated and utilized; 43 ancient and famous tree species such as Pistacia chinensis, Ailanthus altissima, and Ehretia acuminata are recorded; 6 kinds of rare and protected forest and grass species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Eucommia ulmoides, and Zelkova serrata are recorded; 4 excellent stands and 10 excellent individual trees are collected; and 92 kinds of herbage germplasm resources such as Equisetum ramosissimum, Nymphaea tetragona and Hemerocallis fulva are recorded. Based on the distribution of resources, measures such as establishing in situ preservation repositories, off-site preservation repositories, forest germplasm resource databases, and strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plants have been proposed. This paper provides a reference for establishing an information management system for forest and grass germplasm resources in the research area and scientifically formulating long-term protection and utilization plans for forest and grass germplasm resources.
To explore the growth conditions of the Camellia meiocarpa varieties Liping No.3 and Liping No.2 in different planting sites, the completely randomized block design was adopted to carry out afforestation in Pilin Village (A) of Zhaoxing Town and Dixi Village (B) of Longxing Street in Liping area, Guizhou Province. The survival rate, phenological period, tree height, ground diameter and other indicators of the seedlings of the two varieties were measured, and the correlations among the growth indicators were analyzed. The results showed that the survival rates of Liping No.3 and Liping No.2 in the two test fields were both relatively high. Among them, the survival rates of the two varieties at test site B both reached 100%. There were differences in phenological periods and growth conditions between the two varieties at different test sites. When planted at the same planting site, the growth of Liping No.3 was better than that of Liping No.2. When the same variety was planted in different planting locations, the indicators such as the height of Camelliameiocarpa trees, east-west crown spread, and north-south crown spread in experimental site B were all higher than those in experimental site A. Correlation analysis indicated that the correlations among tree height, ground diameter, east-west crown width, north-south crown width and the number of flower buds of Liping No.3 were relatively strong. The correlations among the tree height, ground diameter, east-west crown width, north-south crown width, summer shoot length and the number of flower buds of Liping No.2 were relatively strong. In conclusion, when different varieties were planted at the same planting site, Liping No.3 performed better and had stronger adaptability than Liping No.2. When the same variety was planted in different planting locations, experimental site B was more suitable for the growth of Camellia meiocarpa than experimental site A.
To explore the effect of different melatonin concentrations on the low temperature preservation quality of mangoes, Tainong mangoe was used as experimental materials, different concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, 0.50 mmol/L) were sprayed and stored in a constant temperature incubator at 4 ℃, with 0 mmol/L melatonin as the control (CK). Physiological and biochemical indicators such as chilling injury index, weight loss rate, and respiratory intensity were measured every 5 days. The results showed that under the condition of low temperature storage at 4 ℃, all experimental groups experienced increasingly severe cold damage with prolonged storage time. The cold damage index of CK was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups in the first 20 days (P<0.05); The weight loss rate showed an upward trend with the extension of storage time; The respiratory intensity first increased and then decreased, reaching its peak on the 15th day; The soluble sugar content increased with the prolongation of storage time and tended to stabilize at 20-25 days; The titratable acid content showed a decreasing trend with storage time, and the titratable acid content in the CK group was lower than that in the melatonin treatment group during storage; The content of ascorbic acid showed a decreasing trend with the passage of storage time; The content of malondialdehyde showed an upward trend with the passage of storage time, and there was no significant difference among the treatment groups. The group treated with 0.25 mmol/L melatonin had a cold injury index of 0.587, a weight loss rate of 4.77%, a respiratory intensity of 0.783 mg/(kg·h), a soluble sugar content of 19.53%, a titratable acid content of 0.537%, an ascorbic acid content of 6.27 mg/100 g, and a malondialdehyde content of 4.9 μmol/g FW after 15 days of storage. Overall, 0.25 mmol/L melatonin can effectively delay the metabolism of mango fruits during low temperature storage after harvesting.
To understand the risk factors in yeast products, brewing yeast and high-active dry yeast products sold in market were selected. A fishbone diagram was used to identify and analyze potential risk factors, and pathogenic microorganisms as well as heavy metals (total arsenic and lead) were measured. The results showed that the main risks in yeast products were associated with raw materials, fermentation, and production processes. No pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected in any of the tested products. The total arsenic and lead contents in the products were consistently low, complying with safety standards, and exhibited a year-on-year decreasing trend, with no lead residues were detected in yeast extracts, yeast-based compound seasonings, etc. These findings indicate that yeast products have a high safety profile.
To investigate the effect and mechanism of Lepidium meyenii Walp. saponin (LMS) in promoting apoptosis of human retinoblastoma Y79 cells, Lepidium meyenii Walp. was used as the experimental material to extract its saponins. Y79 cells were treated with different concentrations of LMS (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL), and the effects of LMS on Y79 cell proliferation and apoptosis at different treatment times (24, 48, and 72 h) were detected. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic factors, including Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 genes and proteins, were measured. The results showed that 2.58 g of total saponins were extracted from 50 g of maca dry powder, with an extraction yield of 5.16%. LMS treatment inhibited the proliferation of Y79 cells and induced their apoptosis, with the optimal effect observed at 400 μg/mL for 48 h, resulting in a cell viability rate of 54.05% and an apoptosis rate of 21.87%. Under these conditions, LMS promoted the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 genes and upregulated the expression of Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-8, and Cleaved caspase-9 proteins. In conclusion, LMS can inhibit the proliferation of Y79 cells and induce their apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9.
To address the partial issues of low positioning efficiency, cumbersome operations, and data inaccuracies in conventional herbicide efficacy field trials, this study developed a multifunctional plot marker to enhance experimental standardization and scientific rigor. The device comprises a square frame, support legs, signage poles, and counting panels, with key technical features including: an internal counting grid for sub-region division to minimize counting omissions; hinged support legs at four corners ensuring stability on complex terrain; telescopic sleeve structures for signage and counting poles allowing height adjustment according to crop growth and foldable for compact storage, improving portability. Furthermore, hinged frame connections and folding mechanisms enable flexible shape adjustments to accommodate diverse sampling requirements. This fixed-point device can shorten the field operation time to a certain extent, improve the accuracy and portability of counting, and has relatively high economic benefits. The device design builds on extensive field experience with solid practical foundation; it enhances trial efficiency and precision while being reusable with evident benefits; its applications extend beyond herbicide evaluation to agricultural pest and disease monitoring, fertilizer efficiency evaluation, and grassland resource surveys. This study provides a reference for the design and broader application of this multifunctional fixed-point device.
The application advantages and effectiveness of commonly used water-saving irrigation techniques in farmland water conservancy projects were analyzed, their current application status was discussed, and corresponding strategies were proposed. Techniques such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, low-pressure pipe irrigation, and channel seepage prevention significantly enhance water resource utilization efficiency. Practical application requires optimizing technology integration based on regional characteristics. However, challenges remain in farmers’ awareness of water conservation, project funding, management systems, and scientific selection of irrigation technologies. To address these issues, strategies are proposed such as enhancing farmers’ awareness through new media campaigns; expanding diversified funding channels via government-social capital collaboration; establishing a full-cycle regulatory system covering design, construction, and maintenance, and scientifically adapting technologies to geographic and crop requirements; scientifically adapting water-saving technologies according to geographical characteristics and crop demands This research provides a reference for the promotion and application of water-saving irrigation technologies in farmland water conservancy projects.
To cultivate high quality fruit tree breeding talents with innovative spirit and practical ability, the current situation of Fruit Tree Breeding course teaching was analyzed from 3 aspects: curriculum system and teaching content, teaching implementation, and teaching quality assurance, and the teaching reform driven by innovation and put it into practice was carried out. In terms of the current situation, the curriculum system does not incompletely match the teaching content and innovation needs, and the teaching methods, practical teaching, and teaching conditions need to be improved. The structure of the teaching staff and the teaching evaluation system need to be optimized. In the practice of teaching reform, innovate the curriculum system and teaching content, establish a comprehensive and hierarchical curriculum system, and optimize teaching content that emphasizes both cutting-edge and experimental aspects; optimize the teaching implementation model, introduce teaching methods such as virtual simulation technology, strengthen practical teaching management, and carry out diversified practical activities; improve the teaching quality assurance system, strengthen the construction of the teaching staff, introduce high-precision scientific research equipment, improve teaching conditions, perfect the evaluation system framework, and innovate the teaching evaluation system. Practice showed that under the reformed teaching model, the achievement rate of course objectives had reached 0.78, and the quality and effectiveness of course teaching had been greatly improved. In the practice of innovation driven development, teaching vitality has been fully stimulated, and teaching quality has been improved. This paper provides a reference for improving the quality of teaching reform of related courses.
To cultivate high quality professionals in the field of forest protection, the current state of digital specimen and virtual simulation system development was explored, their effective integration into teaching practices for Forest Protection disciplines was investigated, and the methods for evaluating and providing feedback on teaching effectiveness were analyzed. Regarding development, physical specimens of insects and plant diseases can be digitized to enable online data dissemination and sharing. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies were utilized to simulate real-world operations and established virtual simulation systems. In terms of integrated application, the two technologies were combined and applied to 3 teaching models: case-driven learning, project-based learning and practice, and interactive discussions. These approaches were exemplified through simulations of sampling, detection, and analysis processes for pine wilt disease, the design of pest monitoring and control projects, and the use of guiding or open-ended questions, highlighting the multidimensional and highly interactive nature of the teaching models. In terms of teaching effectiveness evaluation and feedback, based on the effective integration of two technologies, students’ learning outcomes, learning participation, innovation and collaboration abilities are evaluated, and good feedback evaluations are obtained from teachers and students. This study provides a reference for the reform of teaching in Forest Protection and related disciplines.
To cultivate compound and innovative talents in Animal Medicine major, on the basis of analyzing the current situation of Animal Physiology Experimental course teaching in this major, based on the OBE concept, using online network teaching platforms and virtual simulation teaching platforms, a mixed online and offline teaching reform design and practice was carried out. Specifically, before class, students use platforms such as Chaoxing Fanya and Rain Classroom to preview and strengthen task driven learning; in class, virtual simulation experiment technology, project-based teaching methods, and classroom discussions are used to explain key and difficult points; timely summarize and reflect after class, and assess the average score of daily performance and experimental report. The practice shows that under this teaching model, students’ knowledge level and ability literacy have been improved, and they has won honors such as the special prize in the professional skills competition; the teaching ability of teachers has been greatly improved, and the theoretical courses supporting experiments had been approved as national first-class courses.
To cultivate applied talents with solid professional foundations and serve rural revitalization, the current situation of teaching content, teaching methods, ideological and political education, and assessment evaluation was analyzed in Crop Cultivation course, and the corresponding reform measures were proposed. In terms of teaching status, the teaching content is difficult to meet the needs of modern agricultural industry development, the teaching methods need to keep up with the times, the exploration of ideological and political education in the curriculum is insufficient, and the process assessment in the evaluation is relatively small. Specifically, it includes restructuring teaching content around the needs of industrial development, updating and optimizing agricultural technology, production methods, and other knowledge; adopting diversified teaching methods such as “pre class-in class-post class” integrating teaching and “case-based+heuristic+discussion based” to promote mutual communication and progress between teachers and students; adhering to the same direction of ideological and political education as professional teaching, integrating agricultural culture knowledge into the classroom, and introducing typical figures and advanced deeds; through process evaluation (40%) and assessment evaluation (60%), comprehensively evaluating the teaching effectiveness. The practical results showed that under this teaching reform model, students’ concentration and activity were high, the mastery of cultivation theory and practical skills was significantly improved, and the teaching effect was significantly improved. This article provides a reference for the teaching reform of similar courses in higher agricultural and forestry colleges under the background of new agricultural science.
The current status of the Huainan Bagongshan tofu industry and its brand construction, as well as the application of animation IP in empowering local characteristic industries were analyzed, and the practice of Bagongshan tofu animation IP design in brand enhancement was explored. Currently, challenges such as insufficient brand differentiation, weak digital communication, and inadequate industrial integration depth hinder the development of the Bagongshan tofu industry. As an emerging cultural medium, animation IP offers innovative pathways for the creative transformation of agricultural cultural heritage. It serves as a vital tool for building rural characteristic industries, optimizing rural industrial structures, promoting economic transformation, and providing new models for rural governance and public services. By integrating regional cultural, landscape, and industrial elements, animation IP can shape culturally distinctive brand images, attract younger consumer groups, and foster the inheritance and innovation of agricultural cultural heritage. Taking the “Doubao” animation IP as an example, the design of characters, derivative product development, and cultural industrial park construction have achieved the modern expression of traditional tofu culture and industrial value transformation. The practice demonstrates that combining animation IP with local characteristic industries not only drives youthful brand dissemination but also establishes a “cultural empowerment + industrial revitalization” dual-driven model, offering a replicable example for the sustainable development of rural specialty industries.
To further enhance the effectiveness of county-level agricultural product brand building, the current situation of the development of agricultural product brands in Wuwei City, Anhui Province was analyzed, the existing areas to be improved in its building process were explored, and the corresponding solutions were proposed. In terms of current situation, the research area has obvious advantages in the development of agricultural product brands, with continuous promotion of brand building and gradual improvement of the brand sales network system. In terms of areas to be improved, there is a lack of awareness in building agricultural product brands, a need to improve the value of protection, and a low level of deep processing waiting to be improved. Specific measures includes strengthening the construction of agricultural product brands, improving supply quality, and enhancing the empowerment of agricultural festivals to enhance brand competitiveness; by strengthening the supervision of the entire process of agricultural product production, focusing on improving the industrial development guarantee system, and developing modern green and efficient agriculture, aim to optimize the guarantee value enhancement system; by expanding the scale of agricultural product deep processing enterprises and developing agricultural characteristic industry clusters, aim to enhance the deep processing capabilities of enterprises. This article provides a reference for promoting the high quality development of agricultural product brands in relevant counties.
