The breeding process, characteristics, and key cultivation techniques of Tianyikemai No.10 were summarized, a wheat variety developed through pedigree selection using Zhongmai 895 as the female parent and Huachengmai 1688 as the male parent. It was approved by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024 (Wanshenmai 2024T019). Results from two-year regional trials and one-year production trials demonstrated that this variety exhibits moderate tillering and panicle formation efficiency, favorable maturity appearance, and an average yield of 9 537.50 kg/hm2. Classified as a medium-gluten wheat variety, it shows moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight and susceptibility to sheath blight. For cultivation in the regions along the Huai River and in Northern Anhui, key techniques include deep plowing and rotary tillage for fine land preparation, sowing during the optimal period from October 10 to 25 at a seeding rate of 135-150 kg/hm2, and a sowing depth of 3-5 cm. Scientific fertilizer management involves precise application of reviving fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and grain-filling fertilizer, with supplemental nitrogen and foliar fertilizers adjusted according to seedling conditions. Water management emphasizes sowing under adequate soil moisture, along with timely winter irrigation and irrigation during the jointing and booting stages. Pest, disease, and weed control prioritize prevention, including removal of pathogen sources before sowing and targeted management of rust, Fusarium head blight, aphids, and weeds during the growth period. Precise pesticide application during critical stages is recommended. Mechanical harvesting should be conducted at the late wax-ripening stage, and grains can be safely stored when moisture content drops below 13%. This paper provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety in suitable regions.
To further popularize the soil testing and formulated fertilization technology for wheat and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, a field experiment on fertilizer use efficiency was conducted with Yangfumai 4 as the test material. The experiment was carried out in Fengle Town, Feixi County, Anhui Province, from October 2023 to June 2024, with two formulated fertilizers of different nutrient ratios selected (formulated fertilization 1 with an N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 12.9:4.7:5.5; formulated fertilization 2 with an N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 12.5:5.0:6.5). 5 treatments were set for each formulated fertilizer, namely blank control, nitrogen-free, phosphorus-free, potassium-free and formulated fertilization. The effects of different fertilization treatments on wheat yield, yield components, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits were determined. The results showed that formulated fertilization significantly promoted the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight and actual yield of wheat. The yields of formulated fertilization 1 and formulated fertilization 2 treatments were 6 232.5 and 6 147.6 kg/hm2, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies of formulated fertilization 1 and formulated fertilization 2 treatments reached 44.7%, 25.9%, 72.0% and 49.1%, 22.1%, 66.6%, respectively. The benefit-cost ratios of the two treatments were 1.96 and 1.89, respectively. In conclusion, soil testing and formulated fertilization could increase wheat yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency and benefit-cost ratio. It is recommended that the formulated fertilizer with an N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 12.9:4.7:5.5 should be applied for wheat production in the study area.
To explore the effects of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) combined application rates on dry matter accumulation, grain yield, root development, and nutrient uptake and utilization of maize, a pot experiment was conducted using Denghai 605 as the test cultivar with a split-plot design. 4 nitrogen application levels were set: 0 (N0), 225 kg/hm2 (N1), 300 kg/hm2 (N2), and 375 kg/hm2 (N3); 4 phosphorus application levels were established: 0 (P0), 60 kg/hm2 (P1), 90 kg/hm2 (P2), and 120 kg/hm2 (P3), resulting in a total of 16 treatments. Key indicators including aboveground dry matter accumulation, grain yield, root morphological traits, and nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency were measured for each treatment. The results showed that under the same nitrogen (or phosphorus) application level, the aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield of summer maize showed an increasing trend with the increase in phosphorus (or nitrogen) application rate. The N3P3 treatment achieved the highest aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield, with the aboveground dry matter accumulation reaching 84.01 g/plant at the flowering stage and 313.31 g/plant at the full maturity stage, and the grain yield being 190.74 g/plant. The root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry weight of summer maize also exhibited an increasing trend, with the N3P3 treatment performing optimally. At the full-ripening stage, under the same nitrogen application level, the root-shoot ratio increased slightly with the increase of phosphorus application rate：under the same phosphorus application level, the root-shoot ratio decreased slightly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen (phosphorus) application level, the nitrogen (phosphorus) uptake efficiency and nitrogen (phosphorus) partial factor productivity of summer maize showed a gradual increasing trend with the increase of phosphorus (nitrogen) application rate. Overall, reasonable combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus can promote root development, enhance nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency, and thereby increase the dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize. Under the experimental conditions, the N3P3 treatment yielded the best results.
The current production status of summer maize was systematically reviewed in Xiaoxian, Anhui Province, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. In the study area, the planting area of summer maize has been continuously expanding with steadily increasing yields, highlighting the need to focus on key aspects such as variety selection, sowing quality, soil quality, fertilizer and water management, and mitigation of abiotic stress. Based on these considerations, an integrated green cultivation technology for enhancing yield and efficiency has been developed, which includes: selecting certified varieties tolerant to dense planting, resistant to lodging and major diseases, and suitable for mechanical grain harvesting; promoting precision sowing through uniform crushing and incorporation of previous crop straw, implementing stubble-based precision direct seeding technology centered on “optimal timing, appropriate seeding rate, suitable soil moisture, and adequate sowing depth”, complemented by trenching for waterlogging prevention; adopting a green pest control strategy with a “seal first, kill later” approach to weed management, combining scientific pesticide application based on pest monitoring, and promoting “one-spray, multiple-promotion” technology in later stages to preserve leaves and increase grain weight; implementing precision water and fertilizer management by determining fertilizer application rates according to soil fertility and target yield, emphasizing split deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, advocating integrated water-fertilizer technology to regulate fertilizer via water, and applying chemical growth regulators as needed based on seedling conditions; practicing timely late harvesting by selecting ear or grain harvesting methods based on grain moisture content after maize reaches full maturity, supported by drying technology. The demonstration and application of this technical system provide a reference for achieving high yield, high efficiency, and ecological sustainability in summer maize production.
The key measures of integrated drip irrigation and water fertilizer technology for maize planting were summarized and analyzed in Xiaoxian, Anhui Province. In terms of variety selection, certified high quality varieties suitable for dense planting, lodging resistance, and mechanized operations are chosen, with seed coating or chemical treatment applied. In terms of land preparation, land preparation quality was improved through precise straw management and deep tillage and loosening, combined with precision seeding technology, laying the foundation for dense planting. During sowing, wide-narrow row configuration and shallow-buried drip irrigation were adopted to ensure precise water and fertilizer supply and promote uniform, robust seedling emergence. For fertilization management, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, along with staged topdressing, was implemented to meet the demands of key growth stages. For disease and pest control follows an integrated “one-spray, multiple-promotion” strategy, combined with soil sealing and stem-and-leaf weed control. During harvesting, appropriate delayed harvesting is practiced to increase 1 000-grain weight, and grain direct harvesting and supporting drying technologies are promoted to achieve full mechanization. Demonstration planting in 2024 resulted in large-scale balanced yield increase, improved resource use efficiency, and synergistic development of grain production and ecological protection. This article provides a reference for the large-scale promotion and application of integrated drip irrigation and water fertilizer technologies.
This article systematically introduces the breeding process, characteristics and cultivation management techniques of ‘Liukuqiao No. 6’. This variety was developed by using radiation mutagenesis and through systematic selection breeding on‘Liukuqiao No. 3’as the parent. It was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Guizhou Province in 2023 (approval number:Qianrenliang 20220003). The entire growth period of this variety is 88 days. It has strong disease resistance, drought resistance and lodging resistance. The protein content of its seeds was 12.70 g/100 g. The average yield in the variety comparison test in 2018 was 153.20 kg/667 m2, and the yield increase rate in the regional trials from 2019 to 2020 was 75%. The average yield in the buckwheat display in 2020 was 206.10 kg/667 m2. The key points of cultivation techniques for this variety include choosing soil with rich humus, stable granular structure, and good water retention and aeration; sowing by row when the soil moisture is good, with a sowing rate of 4-5 kg/667 m2; for fields with average soil fertility, applying 500-800 kg/667 m2 of organic fertilizer, 2 kg/667 m2 of potassium fertilizer, and 25 kg/667 m2 of phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer, and avoiding the use of chlorine-containing fertilizers; weeding and thinning at the 3-leaf and 1-heart to 4-leaf and 1-heart stage; and using a combination of agricultural control (rational crop rotation and fertilization), biological control (extracts of aromatic plants and biological agents such as Beauveria and Metarhizium), and chemical control (mancozeb, phoxim and isocarbophos root irrigation) to comprehensively control diseases and pests such as damping-off, downy mildew, wireworms and aphids. Harvest when more than 80% of the seeds on the plant reach maturity, and dry the seeds to a moisture content of ≤13% for storage under dry conditions. This article provides practical references for the further promotion and application of this variety.
The green and efficient cultivation techniques for the spring Glycine max-autumn Brassica rapa rotation system was summarized in the Jianghan Plain area. In this model, spring Glycine max was direct-seeded in open fields in mid-March and harvested from June to July, while autumn Brassica rapa was nursery-raised in mid-July, transplanted in mid-August, and harvested continuously from September to February of the following year. The spring Glycine max cultivation techniques include: selecting cold-tolerant, disease-resistant, high-quality varieties (Taiwan 75-3); choosing fields with non-legume and non-cruciferous previous crops; applying sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; finely preparing land and constructing deep-trench high-ridges; seeding precisely using narrow-ridge double-row or wide-ridge four-row methods after seed dressing with chemicals; adhering to the “dry flowers, moist pods” water management principle during field management, with scientific topdressing at the seedling, initial flowering, and pod-filling stages; comprehensive use of agricultural methods (selecting disease resistant varieties, reasonable planting), physical methods (hanging insect traps), and chemical methods (20% imidacloprid, 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole) to control pests and diseases such as aphids, pod borers, and rust; pods were harvested when they were plump and bright green, and plant residues were either treated harmlessly or returned to the field. The autumn Brassica rapa cultivation techniques include: selecting suitable varieties (Jingyoulianghong series); nursery-raising under rain-shelter and shading in summer; applying sufficient base fertilizer after Glycine max straw incorporation, followed by high-ridge transplanting; topdressing in stages combined with irrigation after seedling recovery, at bud emergence, and during stem harvesting; implementing integrated measures to control diseases and pests such as soft rot, downy mildew, aphids, and flea beetles; harvesting when the main stem reaches 30 cm; and standardizing post-harvest bundling, pre-cooling, and packaging to maintain product quality. This rotation model achieves year-round high yield, improved quality and efficiency, and sustainable soil use of Glycine max and Brassica rapa, provides a reference for efficient legume and vegetable production in similar ecological regions.
‘Zaosuhong’ pear was used as the material, and 8 treatments were set up (including blank control) with different ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) fertilization. Among them, N was set at 2 levels of 400 and 800 g/plant, P2O5 was set at 3 levels of 300, 600, and 900 g/plant, and K2O was set at 2 levels of 100 and 200 g/plant. Fruit yield and quality indicators, such as single fruit weight, fruit diameter, soluble solids, and soluble sugar content, were measured for each treatment, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on these indicators. The results showed that all fertilization treatments had higher single fruit weight (210.84-292.87 g) and fruit diameter (7.34-7.90 cm) compared to the non-fertilization treatment (194.02 g, 7.18 cm). Among the treatments, T7 (N 800 g/plant, P2O5 300 g/plant, K2O 100 g/plant) demonstrated the best promotion effect on fruit yield. In terms of internal quality, T7 had the highest soluble solids content (13.65%), while T3 (N 800 g/plant, P2O5 900 g/plant, K2O 200 g/plant) had the highest soluble sugar content (8.03 mg/g), the lowest titratable acid content (0.25%), and the smallest flesh firmness (7.12 N/S), indicating that T3 yielded the best internal fruit quality. Correlation analysis revealed that fruit water content was positively correlated with soluble sugar content (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with flesh firmness (P<0.05). In conclusion, T3 showed the best comprehensive fruit quality and can be further validated in demonstration trials for its yield-increasing and quality-enhancing effects.
This study employed virus free white Gongju from Huangshan as the experimental subject, utilising a randomised block design with 5 foliar fertiliser treatments: treatment A: clear water spray (CK, control); treatment B: spray of trace element water-soluble fertiliser; treatment C: spray of trace element foliar fertiliser; treatment D: spray of multifunctional disease-resistant nutrient solution (photosynthetic bacteria agent); treatment E: spray of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertiliser. Through field plot trials, the effects of different foliar fertilisers on the growth characteristics, yield, and output value of Gongju were investigated. Results indicated that, compared to treatment A, all 4 tested foliar fertilisers improved Gongju agronomic traits to varying degrees while enhancing yield and output value. treatment B achieved the highest output value at 157 690 yuan per hectare. Further analysis revealed treatment B produced the tallest plants at 78.4 cm, the highest number of flowers per plant at 239.1; and a corresponding yield of 1 213.0 kg/hm2, representing an increase of 170.0 kg/hm2 (16.3%) over treatment A. The application of trace element water-soluble fertilisers via foliar spraying is recommended for production. This study provides reference for the rational selection and application of foliar fertilisers in Huangshan Gongju cultivation.
To scientifically assess whether the environmental conditions of organic wolfberry production areas meet the organic production standards, this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of soil environmental pollutants, farmland irrigation water pollutants, ambient air pollutants, and the rationality of buffer zone settings in the organic wolfberry production area of Guazhou County, Gansu Province, based on monitoring data and in accordance with national standards such as GB/T 19630-2019. The results showed that the contents of Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the soil of the study area were all lower than the risk screening values, while total DDT, benzo[α]pyrene, and total HCH were not detected. 16 basic control items for farmland irrigation water quality (including pH and water temperature) and 37 supplementary test items for production water (including Escherichia coli and As) all passed the detection. The concentrations of 6 ambient air pollutants (including PM10 and PM2.5) in the study area in 2022 and 2023 were all below the specified limits. The buffer zones in the study area were set at 30–50 m, no chemical agents or chemical fertilizer inputs from surrounding crops were detected, and only trace amounts of As, Hg, and Cr were found. Overall, the indicators such as the site selection of the organic wolfberry experimental and demonstration garden, soil pollutant levels, basic control items for farmland irrigation water quality, ambient air quality, and buffer zone settings are generally favorable, providing a reliable environmental guarantee for the production area to carry out organic wolfberry cultivation.
This article systematically expounds the large-scale planting technology of Sarcandra glabra under the forest from aspects such as forest land selection, land preparation and fertilization, and seedling selection, and analyzes its economic, social and ecological benefits. In terms of forest land selection, moist and shady forest stands with a canopy density of 0.6 to 0.8 should be chosen. In terms of land preparation and fertilization, for strip land preparation, dig planting holes with a length × width × height of 20 cm×20 cm×10 cm, and apply 195 g/m2 organic fertilizer at the base. In terms of seedling selection, choose disease-free and pest-free strong seedlings with a height of over 20 cm, a ground diameter of no less than 0.2 cm, a root length of over 10 cm, and no fewer than 8 root systems. In terms of planting time and density, a planting density of 25.00 plants/m2 is adopted, and 5 g of compound fertilizer is applied per plant. In terms of nurturing and management, after planting, water thoroughly to establish roots. Regularly cultivate and weed, and apply urea at a rate of 90-105 kg/hm2 by watering or spreading after rain. In terms of light management, regulating the canopy density under the forest, and avoiding strong light; in terms of pest and disease control, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides should be scientifically selected for pest and disease control. In terms of harvesting and preservation, follow the principle of cutting large and leaving small. Harvest the seeds at a height of 5 to 10 cm above the ground. After drying and storing the seeds, soak them in warm water for 24 hours to germinate and then sow. The benefit analysis indicates that the economic benefits (with an output value generally ranging from 3 000-4 000 yuan/667 m2), ecological benefits (such as regulating the local microclimate, improving soil structure and fertility, etc.) and social benefits (promoting the coordinated development of regional characteristic agriculture) of planting Sarcandra glabra under the forests are remarkable. This article aims to provide a reference for the large-scale and standardized development of the forest herb coral industry.
Based on the practice of ancient tree transplantation, protection and rejuvenation in the Haohe Scenic Area of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, the techniques of ancient tree transplantation, protection and rejuvenation through multiple practical cases such as the treatment of ancient trees like Ginkgo biloba in Hualian Green Island and Wenmiao Celtis sinensis treatment were summarized. The technical measures for transplanting ancient trees included choosing to clear the stones around the tree, pruning the dead, diseased and overlapping branches in the tree crown, using the four-corner support method to support and protect the tree, appropriately adjusting the style of the planting hole according to the size of the soil ball of the ancient tree. The soil balls were tightly and evenly wrapped with grass ropes for fixation. During transportation, they were packed with hard materials and firmly connected to the flatbed truck. They were planted using the shallow hole soil stacking method. The roots were treated with disinfection and sterilization, and appropriate shading was provided to ensure the safety of the ancient trees during summer, etc. Technical measures for the protection of ancient trees included maintaining the current site elevation of the ancient trees to the greatest extent, laying hard pavement with ventilation holes, removing the original masonry structure of the tree pits, clearing the surface miscellaneous plants, and reconstructing the shape of the tree pits by embellishing and piling up lake stones, etc. Technical measures for the rejuvenation of ancient trees included avoiding the use of hard-paved floor surface in the area covered by the tree crown, removing the soft and rotten tissues at the junction of the xylem and bark, spraying copper sulfate solution for disinfection at the wound sites, using chemicals to control pests, promptly removing parasitic plants, improving the site conditions, and supplementing the nutrients of the tree, etc. This article provides a reference for the transplantation, protection and rejuvenation of ancient trees in relevant regions.
The state-owned Bobai Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was taken as the research object, the analysis was conducted from three dimensions: the necessity of forestry carbon sequestration development, its potential for growth, and the aspects that need improvement, and targeted development countermeasures were put forward. The development of forestry carbon sinks by state-owned forest farms is conducive to enhancing the capacity of ecological benefit transformation and responding to climate warming. State-owned forest farms have large forest carbon storage and excellent management quality and efficiency. The standing timber volume of this forest farm was 4.2061 million cubic meters. The main tree species planted included Eucalyptus robusta, Pinus massoniana, and Pinus elliottii. The forest had a large carbon storage capacity. The forest quality improvement and expansion project had been vigorously implemented, technical regulations for afforestation in typhoon-prone areas had been formulated, soil testing and fertilization techniques had been applied, and mechanized operations have been carried out. The management quality and efficiency were excellent. The development of forestry carbon sinks still needed improvement in terms of forest carbon sequestration capacity, the economic benefits of ecological projects, natural resource management, the accounting of forestry carbon sink transformation, the public’s understanding of forestry carbon sinks, and the training of carbon sink talents. It was proposed to build multi-aged multi-layer mixed forests, promote the application of low-carbon forestry technologies and electric intelligent forestry machinery, optimize forest management models; develop characteristic products such as carbon sink subscription and carbon footprint experience, set up special subsidies for ecological construction, explore diversified ecological models; establish a unified ownership registration system, integrate data resources from multiple departments, accelerate the registration of natural resource ownership; integrate technologies such as remote sensing monitoring to improve the accuracy of carbon sink measurement, and improve the carbon sink accounting and market transformation system; strengthen publicity of carbon sink knowledge; enhance talent training and financial guarantee measures. This article provides a reference for state-owned forest farms to deepen the practice of forestry carbon sinks.
The current production status and existing problems of Camellia reticulata were analyzed, the favorable factors for improving the quality and efficiency of low-efficiency Camellia reticulata forests were explored, and measures for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement were proposed. At present, in the construction and planning of the orchards for Camellia reticulata, particular attention should be paid to the scientificity of the planning and design, the management and technical level, infrastructure construction, pest and disease control, and the timing of fruit harvest in the production process. Based on three favorable conditions: good development opportunities for local red flower tea low yield forests, high enthusiasm of the local people for planting, and increasingly mature cultivation techniques including good varieties and proper methods, it is proposed to adopt measures such as thinning and reducing the canopy, high quality grafting for renovation, and shaping and pruning to plan the layout of the tea garden; through strengthening soil, fertilizer and water management, artificial pollination assistance, and spraying growth regulators during the flowering period, the technical level of cultivation management can be improved; purchasing agricultural machinery for weeding, mowing and fertilization, and improving infrastructure construction; removing debris in the park, spraying 3-5 °Bé lime-sulfur mixture to thoroughly clean and disinfect the tree canopy and the park area, strengthening comprehensive pest and disease control; controlling the harvest time to ensure harvesting when the cracking rate of individual fruits reaches 30%, and improving the maturity of the fruits and the standardization of the harvest rate; implementing quality improvement and efficiency enhancement strategies such as clearing the debris in the park, spraying 3-5°Bé lime-sulfur mixture to thoroughly clean and disinfect the tree canopy and the park area, and strengthening comprehensive pest and disease control; controlling the harvest time to ensure harvesting when the cracking rate of individual fruits reaches 30%, and improving the maturity of the fruits and the standardization of the harvest rate; these strategies provide a reference for improving the quality and efficiency of low yield Camellia reticulata forests. This article provides a reference for improving and enhancing the production of low yield Camellia reticulata.
The Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve was taken as an example to analyze the current situation of forest fire prevention and control work in the reserve and the aspects that need to be improved in the regional forest fire prevention and control work, and targeted response strategies were proposed. Through core measures such as conducting publicity and education campaigns, enhancing firefighting capabilities, and establishing a monitoring and early warning system, the study area had constructed a comprehensive forest fire prevention and control system that covered the entire area and features multi-dimensional collaboration. There was still room for optimization and improvement in key aspects such as the construction of professional fire-fighting teams, the efficiency of fire source control, the infrastructure for fire prevention and control, and the empowerment of technological support in this area. To address these issues, the following measures have been proposed: cultivate talents with expertise in forest fire prevention and control as well as the ability to apply technology, expand the reserve of personnel in the firefighting team, and strengthen the standardized construction of professional firefighting teams; organize professional personnel and volunteers for patrols, promptly detect and stop illegal agricultural fire use behaviors, strictly control the entire chain of fire sources; enhance the construction of fire prevention roads and fire water sources, increase the number of observation towers and monitoring stations, improve communication networks, and improve the infrastructure for fire prevention and control; encourage research institutions and enterprises to conduct research on forest fire prevention and control technologies, actively introduce firefighting equipment and technologies suitable for the natural conditions of the study area, and deepen the application of technology in the prevention and control system. This paper provides references for forest fire prevention and control in relevant areas.
Bifenthrin·clothianidin is a new type of compound insecticide that can be used to control more than 20 pests such as Helicoverpa armigera. This study explores the properties, composition, action mechanism, and application effects of this suspension concentrate, as well as its application technologies and practices in the agricultural field, and prospects for future research. The suspension concentrate is formulated by combining two active ingredients, bifenthrin and clothianidin, with dual characteristics of rapid insecticidal activity and long-term protection. Its action mechanism includes contact toxicity, stomach toxicity, and systemic translocation: it can penetrate into the insect body either by directly contacting the insect surface (dissolving the waxy layer on the exoskeleton or through microscopic pores), enter via the insect’s mouthparts and digestive tract, or indirectly infiltrate the insect body when the pest engages in piercing-sucking feeding on plant stems and leaves treated with the insecticide, ultimately leading to insect death by poisoning. In terms of application effects, this insecticide offers advantages such as a broad insecticidal spectrum, quick-acting and long-lasting efficacy, low toxicity, safety, and environmental friendliness. It also exhibits excellent environmental and ecological safety: it is safe for crop growth, compatible with other chemical agents, has minimal impacts on aquatic organisms and beneficial organisms, and can degrade into harmless substances in soil over time. Previously, this insecticide has been used to control pests such as aphids, cutworms, thrips, and pear psylla on various crops including food crops, fruits, and vegetables, and can be applied through methods such as spraying, drip irrigation, and drenching. In the future, efforts will be made to further optimize its formulation, develop more efficient and stable dosage forms, and conduct research on environmental friendliness and precise application technologies. In summary, bifenthrin·clothianidin suspension concentrate can reduce the application rate of chemical pesticides, delay the development of pest resistance, and extend the service life of pesticides, thereby boasting broad application prospects.
To verify the control efficacy and application benefits of the combination of pydiflumetofen and prochloraz against rapeseed sclerotinia stem rot, a plot experiment was conducted in local fields using rapeseed variety Fangyou 777 as the test material. Three treatments were established: treatment 1 (20% pydiflumetofen suspension concentrate (SC) at 750 mL/hm2 + 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at 750 mL/hm2), treatment 2 (40% carbendazim·thiram wettable powder (WP) at 1 200 g/hm2), and blank control (CK). Plot experiments were conducted in local fields to investigate the safety of each treatment, and the control efficacy as well as the economic benefits were calculated. The results showed that all pesticide treatments were safe for rapeseed growth at the tested doses. For treatment 1, the control efficacy on diseased plants and disease index was 87.85% and 91.39%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with treatment 2 (P<0.01). Compared with treatment 2, treatment 1 increased the yield by 575.4 kg/hm2, and by 875.85 kg/hm2 compared with the control (CK). The incomes of treatment 1 (15 277.98 yuan/hm2) and treatment 2 (11 414.94 yuan/hm2) were both higher than that of CK.Collectively, the application of 20% pydiflumetofen SC at 750 mL/hm2 combined with 25% prochloraz EC at 750 mL/hm2 (treatment 1) is recommended for the control of rapeseed sclerotinia stem rot in the study area.
Taking Chuzhou City, Anhui Province as the research area, this study used Landsat 8 remote sensing images as the data source to obtain accurate urban impervious surface information. Within the visible light band range, a spectral feature space was constructed, and techniques including spectral mixture analysis (SMA), endmember selection, and decision tree classification were employed to extract the distribution of impervious surfaces in three different periods (2010, 2015, and 2020). The dynamic changes of impervious surfaces in the study area across these periods were analyzed. The results showed that the areas of impervious surfaces in the study area were 13.62, 43.29, and 185.16 km2 in 2010, 2015, and 2020, respectively. The expansion process could be divided into three stages: the early stage (2010), where the distribution of impervious surfaces was relatively balanced among all sampling points; the middle stage (2015), characterized by expansion from sampling point 1 as the diffusion center to the surrounding areas; and the late stage (2020), which entered a period of rapid development with accelerated impervious surface expansion across all regions. Overall, it exhibited an obvious development pattern of outward expansion centered on the urban core, which was highly consistent with Burgess’s concentric zone model. Collectively, this study confirms the feasibility of analyzing impervious surface changes based on remote sensing data, providing a reference for related research.
To understand the species, quantity and distribution of insects in the Jiansanjiang Wetland Airport, an investigation of insect diversity in different habitats (farmland habitat, meadow habitat, roadside habitat and wetland habitat) was conducted from April to October 2024 using the line transect, sweep net method, yellow sticky trap method and light trap method. The number of insects in each month was sorted out, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J) and Simpson dominance index (D) of the community were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 1,363 insects belonging to 136 species in 60 families and 11 orders were collected and identified. Diptera and Orthoptera were the dominant orders in the airport and its surrounding environment. 24 species and 178 individuals of insects were collected in the farmland habitat, 39 species and 354 individuals in the meadow habitat, 32 species and 312 individuals in the roadside habitat, and 54 species and 519 individuals in the wetland habitat. The diversity index (H'), dominance index (D) and evenness index (J) of the wetland habitat were relatively high, which were 4.143 0, 0.836 7 and 0.835 0 respectively. The insect population showed seasonal fluctuations, with June being the peak activity period. Based on the survey results, in order to effectively reduce the number of insect populations in the airport area, decrease the foraging behavior of insectivorous birds entering the airport, and thereby mitigate potential airport flight safety hazards, the following integrated insect control measures were proposed: regular cleaning, strengthening grassland management, targeted control using low-toxicity and highly efficient, environmentally friendly pesticides (20% methomyl emulsifiable concentrate, 5% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, etc.) and long-term dynamic monitoring of dominant insect populations. The research results provide a reference for pest control and biodiversity protection in related Wetland Airports.
To explore the flowering plant resources and landscape effects of Longhua Martyrs Cemetery in Shanghai, this article adopted the method of field investigation to conduct a survey and analysis of the types, flowering periods, colors, flower shapes and landscape creation of the flowering plants in this garden, and proposes suggestions for the creation of flowering plant landscapes. The results showed that the flowering plant resources in the study area were relatively rich, with a total of 84 species, belonging to 66 genera and 38 families. Among them, there were 33 herbaceous species, 30 tree species, 20 shrub species and 1 vine species. Among the tree species, the Lamiaceae, Compositae, Iridaceae and Amaryllidaceae were the main dominant families. These plants had the characteristic of continuous flowering throughout the year and rich and diverse flower colors. There were 46 kinds of flowering plants in spring, 27 kinds in summer, 17 kinds in autumn and 8 kinds in winter. There were 36 types of white flowers, 33 types of red flowers, 18 types of yellow flowers, and 13 types of blue-purple flowers. The types of flower phases were diverse, including dense flower phases, linear flower phases, clustered flower phases, covering flower phases, scattered flower phases, and dry flower phases, totaling 6 categories. The plant landscape creation methods in the study area were diverse. The configuration of flowering plants mainly adopted forms such as tree-shrub and tree-shrub grass. For linear landscape creation, trees like Osmanthus fragrans and Yulania denudata were mostly used, while for surface landscape creation, the same type of flowering plants were commonly planted in large areas. On this basis, development suggestions such as increasing the application of native flowering plants, adding more types of climbing and aquatic flowering plants, and strengthening the creation of winter flowering plant landscapes were put forward, providing references for the construction and renovation of plant landscapes in the garden.
To explore the transcriptome chemosensory and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the legs of female and male adult Plutella xylostella (L.), and to screen chemosensory-related DEGs, this study used adult P. xylostella as experimental materials, and high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to sequence and analyze the legs of female and male adults. The results showed that the GC content of the transcriptome data from the legs of both female and male adult P. xylostella was higher than 45%, the Q20 ratio exceeded 96%, and the Q30 ratio was greater than 90%, indicating that the sequencing results were reliable and suitable for subsequent assembly. A total of 141 226 transcripts were obtained through transcriptome sequencing, and 46 554 unigenes were generated after assembly, with a total length of 51 410 982 bp, an average length of 1 104 bp, and an N50 value of 1 791 bp. Functional annotation results revealed that 46 554 unigenes were successfully annotated in seven databases (NR, NT, KEGG, SwissProt, PFAM, GO, and KOG), among which the NT database annotated the largest number of unigenes (31 074, accounting for 66.75%). Functional classification results indicated that a large number of unigenes were annotated to the “cellular process” and “metabolic process” categories in the biological process of the GO database, the “general function prediction only” category in the KOG database, and the “signal transduction” pathway under “environmental information processing” in the KEGG database. Digital expression profile analysis of DEGs identified 255 differentially expressed genes. Compared with the legs of male adults, 200 genes were significantly upregulated and 55 genes were significantly downregulated in the legs of female adults. Among these DEGs, the “cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process” accounted for the highest proportion in the biological process of the GO database, and they were mainly enriched in pathways such as “ribosome” and “longevity regulating pathway” in the KEGG database. Meanwhile, 3 chemosensory genes (PxylOR1, PxylCSP2, and PxylCSP4) with differential expression between the legs of female and male adult P. xylostella were screened out. This study provides a reference for investigating the mechanism by which P. xylostella perceives external semiochemicals.
Based on meteorological data (including temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration) from 6 national meteorological stations in Xixiu District, Pingba District, Puding County, Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County (referred to as Zhenning), Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County (referred to as Guanling), and Ziyun Miao and Buyi Autonomous County (referred to as Ziyun) of Anshun City, Guizhou Province during 1994-2023, as well as data from the Anshun Statistical Yearbook during 2011-2023, this study analyzed the characteristics of climate change in the study area over the past 30 years and evaluated its impact on rice yield using linear regression analysis, moving average method, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the annual average temperature in the 6 regions of the study area presented an upward trend from 1994 to 2023, while the annual total precipitation showed a general but uneven decreasing trend. The annual sunshine duration exhibited a slow upward trend with significant fluctuations. From 2011 to 2023, the rice yield per unit area in the 6 regions generally showed a growth trend of “slow first, then rapid, followed by differentiation” with obvious regional differentiation. Specifically, the rice yield per unit area in the Pingba area was significantly positively correlated with the annual average temperature (P<0.05), and that in the Ziyun area was significantly positively correlated with both the annual average temperature and annual total precipitation (P<0.05). The correlations between rice yield per unit area and meteorological factors in the other regions were not statistically significant (P>0.05). These findings indicate that the rice yield per unit area in some parts of the study area is significantly affected by temperature and precipitation.
Based on the observed sunshine duration data of Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1959 to 2018, this study analyzed the annual and seasonal variation trends, spatial distribution characteristics, periodic changes of sunshine duration, and its impact on crop yield in the region by means of trend analysis, moving average, Morlet wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that: (1) From 1959 to 2018, the annual variation of the average sunshine duration in the study area exhibited an overall decreasing trend. Among the seasonal variations, only the annual sunshine duration and the number of days with sunshine percentage ≥ 60% in spring showed a slight upward trend; (2) The spatial distributions of both sunshine duration and the number of days with sunshine percentage ≥ 60% in the study area increased progressively from south to north; (3) A mutation occurred in the annual sunshine duration of the study area in 1997, with oscillation periods of 22, 31, 12 and 4 years; (4) The sunshine percentage in the study area was positively correlated with wheat yield while negatively correlated with tuber yield, with correlation coefficients of 0.56 and -0.63, respectively. This study provides a scientific reference for the optimization of crop planting structure and the improvement of climate adaptive management.
Lightning disasters are characterized by their suddenness and destructive power, exerting a significant impact on people’s daily lives and production. This article focuses on analyzing the current situation and areas for improvement in lightning protection and disaster reduction in rural areas of Xing’an League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and offers development suggestions. In recent years, the study area has made certain achievements in lightning protection and disaster reduction by installing lightning rods and lightning belts to improve the lightning protection infrastructure, conducting lightning monitoring and early warning through meteorological satellites and radar technology, and promoting lightning protection and disaster reduction science popularization and education through knowledge lectures and distributing brochures. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of financial support, lightning protection and disaster reduction awareness, and management systems. Based on this, the following promotion strategies and paths were proposed : establishing a special fund for rural lightning protection and disaster reduction and a supervision process to optimize the financial input mechanism, improving the management of lightning protection equipment, and strengthening equipment inspection and maintenance; innovating publicity methods (such as interesting and easy-to-understand animations) and enriching publicity content (such as fieldwork and animal husbandry operations) to enhance residents’ awareness of lightning protection and disaster reduction; formulating scientific and reasonable emergency plans, strengthening the publicity and training of emergency plans, and standardizing lightning protection inspection and acceptance to improve the management system. This article provides a reference for improving the level of lightning protection and disaster reduction in rural areas.
To reveal the causes of long-distance torrential rain brought by typhoons in Jiangsu Province, this study utilized regional automatic weather stations and ERA5 reanalysis data to comparatively analyze the circulation patterns and water vapor conditions in the study area during the impacts of typhoon mangkhut in 2018 and typhoon kalmaegi in 2014. The results showed that: (1) affected by typhoon mangkhut (No. 22, 2018), a significant precipitation event occurred in the southern part of the study area from September 16 to 17, 2018, characterized by high hourly rainfall intensity and concentrated precipitation periods. In contrast, typhoon kalmaegi (No. 15, 2014), which had a similar track, did not bring any obvious wind and rainfall impacts to the study area. (2) Under the influence of typhoon mangkhut, a southwest jet stream was jointly formed by the typhoon and the subtropical high, transporting water vapor, and the low-level typhoon trough system moved northward, triggering convection; under the influence of typhoon kalmaegi, the jet stream and the low-level typhoon trough system were both located further south and were weaker. (3) Typhoon mangkhut led to the formation of a strong water vapor convergence center in the study area; during the impact of typhoon kalmaegi, the water vapor flux in the study area was relatively small, and there was no strong water vapor convergence center. In conclusion, the combined effect of the typhoon’s peripheral circulation and the westerly flow on the west side of the subtropical high, forming a southwest jet stream for water vapor transport, as well as the influence of the low-level typhoon trough system, are the main reasons for the formation of long-distance torrential rain in the study area caused by typhoons.
To address the teaching difficulties caused by the complex principles and sophisticated operations of PCR technology in the Biotechnology Pharmaceutics course, this study integrated the BOPPPS teaching method with the Chaoxing learning platform in depth and constructed a special teaching mode for PCR. Following the logical sequence of 6 links-Bridge-in, Objective, Pre-assessment, Participatory Learning, Post-assessment and Summary-the mode stimulated students’ learning interest through case-driven and problem-oriented approaches, optimized teaching orientation by means of targeted pre-assessment, strengthened participatory learning based on group presentations, experimental operations and interactive discussions, and ensured teaching effectiveness with diversified evaluation methods. Teaching practice showed that this mode effectively improved 214 students’ mastery of PCR theoretical knowledge (the accuracy rate of single-choice questions on basic principles reached 94.4%), standardized their experimental operations, and enhanced their comprehensive literacy (including teamwork and innovative thinking). Meanwhile, it promoted teachers to shift from experience-based lesson preparation to precision-oriented design, significantly improved their ability of integrating teaching with research, and gained high recognition with Grade A (excellent teaching effect) in school supervision evaluation and a score of 97.79 in student evaluation of teaching. The research indicated that the integrated application of the BOPPPS teaching method and the Chaoxing learning platform achieved remarkable results in the PCR teaching of the Biotechnology Pharmaceutics course. Future improvements should focus on optimizing time management, adding case discussions and enhancing personalized support. This study could provide a reference for the teaching reform of interdisciplinary comprehensive courses.
To stimulate the learning interest of students majoring in Plant Protection and enhance their professional core competencies, this study focused on the universality and practicality of the teaching practice in Agricultural Entomology. It constructed a practical teaching content system covering basic reinforcement, insect survey, occurrence degree assessment, forecasting technology, prevention and control scheme formulation, and achievement reporting. Meanwhile, it adopted differentiated teaching organization forms (including mixed-gender grouping, rotating team leader system, and role exchange between teachers and students) and established a full-process quantitative formative assessment mechanism. This teaching model integrated portable equipment such as mobile phone macro lenses and ideological and political elements, strengthening practical training and scientific thinking cultivation through multi-module coordination and the combination of teaching and evaluation. Practice showed that the average internship scores of regular undergraduate students of the 2019–2021 cohorts and combined bachelor’s-master’s degree students of the 2019–2020 cohorts rose steadily, the score standard deviations kept decreasing, and the number of students in the low-score range (below 85 points) dropped significantly. In addition, students expressed high satisfaction with the internship equipment, mastered the core monitoring, forecasting and prevention technologies proficiently, further explored applications related to smart plant protection, and their collaborative abilities were effectively enhanced. This paper provides a reference for the practical teaching reform of Plant Protection related majors.
This article analyzed the current situation of the integration of artificial intelligence in the construction of smart campuses in higher agricultural colleges, and proposes targeted optimization paths. The current state of integration covers seven dimensions, namely information silos and data integration, adaptability of artificial intelligence teaching and training applications, technological iteration and operation capabilities, data security and privacy protection, differences in digital literacy between teachers and students, ethical risks and algorithms, and the essence of intelligent applications and education. On this basis, this paper constructed a systematic optimization path from multiple dimensions including technical architecture, management mechanism, standard system and talent training. The specific measures were as follows: resolving information silos by building university-level data middle platforms; developing agriculture-specific AI algorithm modules through university-enterprise collaboration; establishing a collaborative mechanism for technological iteration and operation and maintenance capabilities; strengthening the full-life-cycle protection of data security; constructing a hierarchical and classified digital literacy improvement system; improving the algorithmic ethics audit and bias avoidance mechanism; and establishing a human-machine collaborative model featuring “technology empowerment and education-oriented development”. The research results could provide a reference practical scheme for the construction of smart campuses in higher agricultural colleges and universities, and contributed to the cultivation of high quality and interdisciplinary talents in the context of new agricultural science.
Based on the OBE concept, this article systematically analyzed the current situation of teaching quality in agriculture related majors from 5 dimensions: teaching quality standards, management systems, guarantee systems, practical monitoring, and evaluation feedback, in order to improve the quality of talent cultivation in agriculture related majors. The study found that several aspects of current teaching in agriculture-related majors, including quality standards, management systems, guarantee mechanisms, practical training supervision, and evaluation systems, needed to be improved. Based on these findings, this study proposed a teaching quality assurance system integrating “standards, systems, assurance, supervision, and feedback”. The specific implementation paths were as follows: optimizing teaching quality standards and integrating cutting-edge technologies such as smart agriculture and biological breeding into the curriculum system; improving teaching management systems and establishing a dynamic adjustment mechanism of “industrial demand - training objectives - teaching implementation”; constructing a “three-dimensional linkage” teaching quality assurance system to realize the closed-loop management of “objectives - standards - supervision - feedback - improvement”; strengthening teaching and practical supervision, implementing the “school-enterprise dual supervision” model to cover the whole process of classroom teaching and field operation; improving the “university-enterprise-industry-government” four-party collaborative evaluation mechanism, and enhancing graduate tracking and employer feedback. This study achieved the whole-process closed-loop management of teaching quality, promoted the accurate connection between talent cultivation and industrial demand, and provided a reference for improving the teaching quality of agriculture-related majors.
This study analyzed the current status of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement work in Wuhu City, Anhui Province, as well as the key links requiring focused attention, and proposed future improvement paths. In the study area, the agricultural chemical fertilizer application rate in 2023 decreased by 16.20% compared with that in 2014, and the chemical fertilizer application intensity decreased by an average of 16.83 kg/hm2 per year from 2018 to 2023; the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) has been optimized to 1:0.3:0.5, while promoting the combined application of macronutrients with medium and trace elements. The chemical fertilizer use efficiency has been improved to a certain extent, reaching 42% in 2023. However, the current chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement work still needs further improvement in aspects such as the application of soil testing and formula fertilization technology and data, the promotion degree and applicability of the integrated application of “Three News” (new technologies, new products, new machinery), the efficiency of conventional fertilization methods and the application of new technologies, and the implementation of the chemical fertilizer application quota system. In the future, the continuous optimization of fertilizer formulas and a significant improvement in fertilizer use efficiency can be further achieved through measures such as reasonably conducting field experiments on the application of new fertilizers and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to establish fixed channels for releasing fertilizer formulas; promoting mature integrated application models of “Three News” and selecting sample plots with good application effects; adopting methods such as side-deep fertilization and seed-fertilizer co-sowing to strengthen the integration of machinery and agronomy, and the integration of technology and materials; selecting representative regions to carry out demonstration and promotion of the chemical fertilizer application quota system, and strengthening technical training for ordinary growers. This study provides a reference for the further promotion of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement work in the study area.
Based on the current development status of the potato industry in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, the key aspects requiring attention were summarized and analyzed, and development strategies were proposed. The potato industry in the study area exhibits significant advantages in planting scale, with substantial cultivation area and high output. The industrial layout was categorized into optimal suitable zones (900-1 500 m), suitable zones (600-900 m), and sub-suitable zones (below 600 m) based on altitude. Products primarily consist of fresh consumption and primary processing (e.g., starch), and regional brands such as “Qianbei Potato” have been established, with sales networks extending to the Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing economic zones. The industrial development requires focused attention on several key aspects, including conditions for large-scale production, seed variety structure, promotion of advanced cultivation methods, adoption of agricultural machinery, industry chain integration, capacity of business entities to drive development, and farmers’ willingness to cultivate. To enhance industrial quality and competitiveness, the strategies were proposed include: strengthening the construction of high quality farmland to leverage superior farmland advantages for improving potato yield per unit area and enabling large-scale production; promoting high-quality virus-free seed potatoes, enhancing scientific research collaboration, and breeding new varieties with high yield and disease resistance; promoting standardized, green, and efficient cultivation models, establishing agricultural technology extension networks, standardizing cultivation management and pest control culivation management, and improve yield and marketable tuber rates; enhancing agricultural mechanization levels by adhering to the principle of “adapting machinery to land” and “adapting land to machinery”, with a focus on mechanization breakthroughs in planting and harvesting; fostering integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries by expanding diversified product systems and strengthening brand building and marketing; exploring the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism to develop new business models; strengthening the cultivation of agricultural business entities, promoting new business models, and developing contract farming; and coordinating funding to increase support across the entire industry chain and promote comprehensive coverage of crop insurance for potato cultivation, and stimulating farmers’ willingness to plant. This paper provides a reference for promoting the high quality, high efficient, and sustainable development of the potato industry in southwestern mountainous regions.
