To investigate the utilization efficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers for wheat in the lime-concretion black soil region of Northern Anhui, a field experiment was conducted using the wheat cultivar Houde Mai 981. Five treatments were established: NPK (combined N, P, and K fertilization), PK (N-deficient), NK (P-deficient), NP (K-deficient), and CK (no fertilizer). The wheat agronomic traits, yield and yield components, nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency, and output-input ratio were measured.The results showed that the NPK treatment exhibited superior performance in plant height (78.7 cm), stem diameter (0.69 cm), spike length (9.2 cm), and spike diameter (5.0 cm). Additionally, the NPK treatment achieved the highest values in spike number (5.775 1 million spikes/hm2), grains per spike (33.42 grains per spike), 1 000-grain weight (45.61 g), and grain yield (8 790 kg/hm2). Nutrient uptake in grains, straw, and whole plants was also highest under NPK fertilization, with N, P, and K use efficiencies reaching 42.57%, 19.67%, and 44.13%, respectively. Furthermore, the NPK treatment demonstrated the highest output-input ratio (4.79). These findings indicate that balanced N, P, and K fertilization significantly enhances wheat yield and nutrient use efficiency in the study region, making it a recommended practice for sustainable wheat production in lime-concretion black soils of Northern Anhui.
To promote the reduction and increase efficiency of chemical fertilizers and improve the production capacity of ratoon rice, a bio-fertilizer experiment was carried out in Guichi District, Chizhou City, Anhui Province. 6 treatments were set up (A, bio-organic fertilizer 7 500 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy urea 150 kg/hm2; B, bio-organic fertilizer 5 250 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy urea 150 kg/hm2; C, bio-organic fertilizer 3 000 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy urea 150 kg/hm2; D, bio-organic fertilizer 5 250 kg/hm2; E, nitrogen energy compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm2+nitrogen energy urea 150 kg/hm2 ; F, without fertilization), the tillering dynamics, yield, and planting benefits of rice in each treatment were analyzed. The results showed that the combination of bio-organic fertilizer and new fertilizer could improve the tillering rate and panicle formation rate of rice. The highest tillering rate of first season rice was achieved with treatment B, which was 600%. The effective number of panicles and panicle length of ratoon rice treated with treatment B were the highest, at 5.017 2 million panicles/hm2, 21.08 cm, respectively, the total yield of rice was the highest, at 15 857.25 kg/hm2. The economic benefit of treatment E was the highest, at 32 158.67 yuan/hm2. The agronomic efficiency of fertilizer was highest in the treatment B, which was 11.73 kg/kg. At the same time, the application of bio-organic fertilizers combined with new fertilizers has improved the processing, appearance, and taste quality of rice to a certain extent. Overall, it is recommended to apply bio-organic fertilizer at a ratio of 5 250 kg/hm2+49% nitrogen energy compound fertilizer at 450 kg/hm2+46% nitrogen energy urea at 150 kg/hm2, which results in better rice yield and quality, and higher economic benefits.
Random sampling, typical field investigation, and monitoring station monitoring methods were used to conduct wheat seedling condition and soil moisture status in Funan County, Anhui Province from December 24, 2024 to January 3, 2025. The survey found that the overall wheat seedling condition in the study area was good, with first, second, and thrid type seedling areas of 4.40 million, 3.03 million, and 1.10 million hm2, respectively, accounting for 51.6%, 35.5%, and 12.9% of the total wheat sowing area. The overall soil moisture in the research area was moderately deficit. The relative moisture content of the 0-20 cm cultivated layer soil at monitoring points A and F was 67.12% and 60.70%, the soil moisture is slightly low. Other monitoring points were moderately deficit. Based on this, field management measures such as controlling excessive growth and strengthening seedlings (mechanical suppression, combing seedlings, and spraying foliar fertilizers and chemical control regulators), supplementing soil moisture for seedlings (irrigating overwintering water to supplement soil moisture), preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds (monitoring and timely applying targeted pesticides to prevent wheat sheath blight, etc.), and preventing cold and freezing (spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate+aminoethyl ester+humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 1-2 days before the arrival of cold waves) were proposed to ensure the safe overwintering of wheat. This article provides references for improving wheat yield and quality in similar regions.
To explore a suitable double cropping rice combination model for the Changsha region, Hunan Province, early, medium, and late maturing hybrid rice varieties (early rice: Xinrongyou 123, Lingliangyou 1785, Bingliangyou 309; late rice: Hengfengyoujinsimiao, Taiyounong 39, and Yliangyou 911) were respectively planted in Beisheng Town of Liuyang City(A), Chunhua Town of Changsha County(B), Bairuopu Town of Xiangjiang New Area(C), and Huilongpu Town of Ningxiang City(D). Their growth periods, yield, ecological adaptability, and benefits were measured. The results indicated that different maturity combinations could successfully complete the growth process in all double cropping rice regions; there were differences in the yield of early and late rice, as well as the total yield of double cropping, among different double cropping rice regions. The yield of late rice was higher than that of early rice, indicating that the stability and ecological adaptability of late rice yield were stronger; the economic benefits of planting in the late maturing early rice+late maturing late rice model were the highest, followed by the medium maturing early rice+late maturing late rice, late maturing early rice+medium maturing late rice model. Overall, the combination of late maturing early rice and late maturing late rice had higher yield and economic benefits in different double cropping rice regions in the study area; however, late rice had a longer growth period and was easily affected by cold dew winds, which poses a risk to safe heading and may lead to unstable yield. Therefore, it was recommended that various regions adopt a combination of medium maturing early rice and late maturing late rice according to local conditions, and adopt green high yield cultivation techniques such as reasonable close planting and formula fertilization to achieve the balanced yield increase of the two cropping rice.
The key points of high yield cultivation techniques were summarized for Wandou 37 based on its planting practice in Taihe County, Anhui Province, and the planting benefits were analyzed. The key points of high yield cultivation techniques include reasonable crop rotation, selecting land with flat terrain and good drainage and irrigation conditions; promoting the technology of “returning straw to the field+deep plowing every other year” and building a drainage system with three ditches (main ditch, waist ditch, and border ditch) supporting facilities; selecting seeds with plump and pure seeds, and mixing them with 35% Duokefu seed coating agent, borax, rhizobia, etc. from June 10th to 20th, choose an integrated machine for fertilization, sowing, and compaction for sowing, with a sowing depth of 2-5 cm; apply base fertilizer deeply on the same side as sowing, apply topdressing during the initial flowering and grain filling stages, and adopt drip irrigation to timely supplement soil moisture; sealed before seedlings, control weeds on stems and leaves after seedlings, and use appropriate pesticides to control diseases and pests such as aphids and pod moths at appropriate times; when 90% of the plant leaves fall off, the pods turn yellow brown, and there was a sound when shaking the plant, a longitudinal flow combine harvester was used for harvesting. Wandou 37 was planted in the research area with high yield cultivation techniques, achieving high economic benefits (output value of 19 575 yuan/hm2, net profit of 15 735 yuan/hm2), ecological benefits (increased soil organic matter content, improved soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem), and social benefits (demonstration and promotion of high yield cultivation techniques). This article provides a reference for high yield cultivation of soybeans in the Huang Huai Hai region.
To verify the effects of microbial agents on tobacco growth and development, the seedling stage (A, without mixing microbial agents; B, mix 1 500 g/hm2 of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate; C, mix 3 000 g/hm2 of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agent into the substrate.), and during transplanting (D, no microbial agents; E, 7 500 g/hm2 of “Junxiaobai”; F, 15 000 g/hm2 of “Junxiaobai”) on the agronomic traits and physiological indicators of tobacco plants. The results showed that adding microbial agents (1 500-3 000 g/hm2) to the seedling substrate could increase the ratio of bound water to free water in tobacco seedlings by 6.10% to 6.46%. Spraying microbial agents (7 500-15 000 g/hm2) during transplantation could improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, increasing the dry weight of fibrous roots by 50.53%-53.87%, root vitality by 15.91%-16.78%, and leaf nitrogen content by 12.58%-14.57%; at the same time, the treatment with microbial agents increased the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and other enzymes in tobacco plants, extended the field growth period by 5 days. Overall, the rational application of microbial agents can promote early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants, improve fertilizer absorption and utilization, cultivate strong root systems, enhance the stress resistance of tobacco plants, and mix 1 500 g/hm2 of “Miaojianzhuang” microbial agents with seedling substrate, it is advisable to apply 7 500 g/hm2 of “Junxiaobai” microbial inoculant during transplantation.
The research progress on Capsicum annuum germplasm resources, including 6 aspects: collection, sorting and evaluation, resistance identification, quality research, phenotypic traits, preservation techniques, and development and utilization were reviewed. In terms of the collection, sorting and evaluation of Capsicum annuum germplasm resources, it is mainly collected collaboratively by units such as the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. More than 2 000 germplasm materials have been stored in the database, and a preliminary evaluation has been conducted on its key horticultural traits, economic characteristics and disease resistance. In terms of resistance identification, methods such as root irrigation with zoospores, inoculation of isolated fruits, and field resistance assessment are the basic means for resistance identification of Capsicum annuum， which are conducive to obtaining resistance materials. In terms of quality research, through the detection of Capsicum annuum fruit components, the main agronomic traits and the correlation analysis among them, the precise and targeted improvement of quality traits is achieved. In terms of phenotypic traits, the phenotypic characteristics of Capsicum annuum show high diversity and variability in germplasm resources. In terms of preservation technology, the preservation method combining a dryer with silica gel and plastic bags is suitable for short-term preservation. By using low-temperature refrigeration facilities and dehumidification equipment, better medium and long-term preservation effects can be achieved. In terms of development and utilization, Capsicum annuum is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries through various utilization methods such as fresh consumption, drying, condiment processing, pickling and processing extraction. This article provides a reference for the creation of Capsicum annuum germplasm resources and the breeding of characteristic varieties.
The planting techniques and disease and pest control measures for greenhouse cucumbers were summarized and analyzed. Its planting techniques include selecting early maturing varieties that are high yielding, disease resistant, tolerant to low temperatures and weak light, and have good commercial value; in spring, cucumber seedlings are usually grown in greenhouses in northern regions from late February to early March. When the external temperature stabilizes above 15 ℃, they are planted and disinfected by soaking the seeds in warm water immeision before sowing; apply sufficient base fertilizer, control the temperature at 25-32 ℃ during the day and 15-20 ℃ at night after planting, and water and fertilize according to the growth needs of the plants at appropriate times. Common disease and pest of greenhouse cucumbers include downy mildew, powdery mildew, blight, aphids, spider mites, etc.; the measures for disease prevention and control include selecting disease resistant varieties, strengthening field management, timely removal of diseased leaves, soil disinfection, and timely spraying of 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc and other pesticides; pest control measures include covering with plastic film, spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis, and releasing natural enemies. This article provides references for promoting green and safe production of greenhouse cucumbers.
To understand the survival environment of aquatic organisms and the overall health status within the Heishui River Basin, 6 sampling points (C1 to C6) were set up. In October 2023, indicators such as the physical and chemical properties of water, phytoplankton, macrozoobenthos, and fish conservation index in the basin were investigated, and a comprehensive evaluation of the water quality status was conducted. The results showed that, in accordance with the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards, the water quality standard in the Heishi River Basin was set at class II, with a score of 90. The total average density of phytoplankton was 34.11×104 ind./L, with sampling sites C6 having the lowest density at 4.08×104 ind./L and C4 the highest at 92.91×104 ind./L, averaging a score of 87. The mean Biological Integrity (BIBI) Index for macroinvertebrates was 1.21 resulting in an 80 point score. Sampling sites C4 and C5 had BI scores of 6.54 and 6.62 respectively, indicating light pollution and moderately pollution, while the rest were classified as clean water sections. The conservation index for fish populations reached 80%, reflecting a partly change in fish resources population structure within the water body. Overall, the water ecological health status of the Heishi River Basin is good.
To investigate the compounds characteristics and sources of atmospheric VOCs in an Urban area of Northeastern Anhui (33°18′-34°38′ E, 116°09′-118°10′ N), the continuous monitoring data of atmospheric VOCs in the urban area from January to December 2023 were used to analyze the chemical composition and characteristics of VOCs, and the source apportionment of VOCs was carried out by using the ratio method and the positive matrix factorization method (PMF). The results showed that the average volume concentration of atmospheric VOCs in this area in 2023 was 33.3×10-9, and alkanes and OVOCs were the components with the highest proportion in VOCs, and the monthly average concentration of VOCs showed the characteristics of “low summer and high in winter”, and the highest concentration was 2.9 times that of the lowest level. The annual average value of OFP of atmospheric VOCs in this region was 183.5 μg/m3, and OVOC and alkenes were the top two components contributing to OFP, accounting for 44.8% and 34.3% respectively. 34 species in the atmospheric VOCs of this region had contributed to the production of secondary organic aerosols, and the contribution of aromatic hydrocarbons 97.9%. Among them, the AFP in winter was the highest, and the top three species contributing the most were benzene, toluene and m/p-xylene, and the sum of the three accounts for 80.5%. The ratio method showed that the atmospheric VOCs in this area came from coal-fired sources and regional transport. The PMF analysis results showed that VOCs mainly came from combustion sources, industrial emission sources, solvent use, motor vehicle emission sources and oil and gas volatilization sources. Therefore, the 5 types of volatile gases including combustion sources are key monitoring sources for atmospheric VOCs in the region, provides a reference for monitoring atmospheric characteristics in related areas.
The valuation of ecological compensation serves as the foundation for the precise implementation of compensation policies. This study takes Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province as its research area. To address the issue of calculating regional forest ecological compensation standards, it employs the environmental restoration cost method combined with qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation. Key forest ecosystem service indicators such as water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and soil conservation were selected to construct an evaluation model for accounting the forest ecological compensation value in the region for 2022. The results showed that the total forest ecological compensation value in the study area in 2022 was 176 million yuan, with the values of water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and soil conservation functions was 64.470 1, 92.355 5, 1.695 9, and 17.703 2 million yuan, respectively. Forest ecological compensation is based on the average forest growth area and the growth rate of forest coverage rate in each county. ML County has the largest average forest growth area and the highest forest coverage rate, so it can receive ecological compensation funds according to the allocation weight. The average forest growth areas of J City and MH County are negative, but their forest coverage rates are relatively high; thus, flexible compensation should be provided based on changes in their forest quality, structure, and other factors. In conclusion, the accounting results align with the practical context of regional forestry ecological construction and are deemed operational. Based on these findings, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed, including formulating reasonable ecological compensation standards, broadening the sources of ecological compensation funds, improving the ecological compensation system, and strengthening policy communication. These recommendations aim to provide a foundation for relevant departments to formulate and optimize local ecological compensation policies.
To investigate the species of Hesperiidae butterflies in the Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, and with reference to HJ 710.9—2014 Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Monitoring—Butterflies, butterfly surveys were conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. Using the netting method during sunny weather between 9:00 and 17:00, five representative habitat transects were selected, with monthly surveys conducted. Species identification was performed by referring to resources such as The Chinese Butterfly Illustrated Guide. The results revealed 31 species belonging to 19 genera of Hesperiidae in the study area. Compared with previous literature records, 22 newly recorded species were identified, including Abraximorpha davidii, Ampittia virgata, and Baoris farri. Additionally, Pelopidas conjuncta and Potanthus tibetana were recorded for the first time in Guizhou Province. These findings provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of butterfly resources in the region.
Under the background of comprehensive rural revitalization, the protection of material and intangible cultural landscapes of some traditional villages is facing challenges. Conducting research on their landscape planning and design is of great significance for improving village landscapes, inheriting regional culture, and promoting sustainable development. From the perspective of village gardens, this paper elaborates on the connotations and research status of traditional village landscapes and village gardens. Based on the ecological concepts of harmonizing with nature, the profound cultural heritage, and the publicity and practicality, the landscape planning and design strategies for traditional villages are proposed: integrating landscape elements with natural ecology as the starting point to create aesthetic appeal; achieving “authentic design” of villages through the excavation of regional culture and digital technology display; and developing agricultural, cultural, and tourism industries through multi-party collaboration while constructing guarantee mechanisms. Taking Hou Shangzhuang Village in Luoyang City, Henan Province as an empirical object, the strategies were implemented from three aspects: ecological concepts (application of traditional landscaping techniques such as the axis method, hierarchy method, and view borrowing); cultural demonstration (planning of three zones and four gardens, and multi-cultural display); and function enhancement (construction of agricultural-culture-tourism industrial chains and long-term maintenance mechanisms). This study provides references for contemporary traditional village landscape planning and village garden research.
The feasibility of urban park green space as a place for nature education, the design principles and strategies of urban parks from the perspective of nature education were analyzed. Taking the Yuquan Street Park in Kunyu City, Xinjiang as an example, the design practice is carried out from 8 aspects such as overall design, landscape structure and plant configuration, in order to effectively solve the problems of regionality and hot and dry climate. Urban parks had 5 characteristics such as accessibility, diversity and participation. As a carrier of nature education, they had great development space. The overall landscape structure of Yuquan Street Park was one belt, five sections and multiple nodes. Plants with good drought resistance and sand adaptability were selected for plant configuration in the wild natural space and interactive experience space. Reduce runoff and improve the utilization efficiency of rainwater by building rain gardens; the configuration of a nature education interpretation system, the planning of nature art workshops, observations of wild desert plants and other nature education activities were conducive to creating a nature education space in urban parks. This article provides a reference for the landscape design of urban parks with the background of nature education.
The core connotation and construction requirements of ecological landscape architecture were expounded. The aspects that need improvement in the current construction of ecological landscape architecture were analyzed, and the Jianhe Greenway project was taken as an example to propose the optimization approaches for the construction technology of ecological landscape architecture. At present, there are many shortcomings in the construction of ecological landscape architecture, such as the need to strengthen the characteristic construction of urban gardens. The communication efficiency among construction departments needs to be improved. The maintenance mechanism for construction achievements needs to be improved. The maintenance of the construction results was not in place. The construction technology lacked innovation, etc. Regarding the above-mentioned areas that need improvement, this study has distilled the following optimization paths based on practice: formulate a characteristic construction plan. Before the project construction, plan a specific and feasible construction plan based on on-site investigation, establish and improve communication mechanisms and management systems, strengthen the maintenance of construction results, adopt advanced construction technologies, expand the technical talent team with professional qualification, and strictly control the construction quality. This article provides references for improving the construction quality of ecological landscape architecture.
To compare the moth trapping efficiency of sexual pheromone trapping and light trapping for Spodoptera exigua, explore the application strategies of the two methods, and establish a more precise pest monitoring and forecasting technical system, this study conducted comparative experiments on the trapping efficiency of the two methods in cotton fields of Susong County, Anhui Province during 2021 (light occurrence year) and 2023 (severe occurrence year). The results showed that the growth and decline dynamics of trapped moth counts by the two methods were highly consistent with the actual field occurrence; the amount of trapped moths was mainly concentrated from August to October (accounting for 3/4 of the annual total), with the highest moth count occurred in September; the monthly moth peak days of the two trapping methods differed by 1–2 days, and the moth count on peak days using sexual pheromone trapping was significantly higher than that using light trapping, with clearer moth peaks across generations and more prominent early warning capabilities; the occurrence of S. exigua was significantly influenced by external environmental factors, closely related to abnormal climates such as high temperature and drought. In light occurrence years, light trapping can serve as a conventional monitoring method, but in severe or heavy occurrence years, the application of sexual pheromone trapping for monitoring should be strengthened. Due to its strong target specificity, sexual pheromone trapping demonstrates more prominent advantages in pest monitoring during severe occurrence years. It can serve as an important auxiliary means for chemical control, guiding pesticide application through precise monitoring, reducing pesticide usage, and promoting green ecological pest management.
To investigate the epidemiological patterns of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows on Shandong dairy farms, 282 dairy cows were selected as the study subjects. The california mastitis test (CMT) was used to screen for subclinical mastitis, and the pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified. The effects of milk yield [high-yielding cows (>20 kg/d) and low-yielding cows (<20 kg/d)], parity (1–2, 3–4, and ≥5 parities), and lactation stage (early, peak, mid, and late lactation) on the incidence of subclinical mastitis were analyzed. The results showed that 81 cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, with a prevalence rate of 28.72%. A total of 61 pathogenic strains were isolated and identified, including 18 Staphylococcus aureus, 16 Streptococcus agalactiae, 10 Escherichia coli, 7 Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 6 Streptococcus uberis, and 4 Staphylococcus epidermidis. The incidence rates of subclinical mastitis in low-yielding and high-yielding cows were 25.00% and 33.33%, respectively. For cows with 1–2, 3–4, and ≥5 parities, the incidence rates were 19.57%, 28.30%, and 39.29%, respectively. During the early, peak, mid, and late lactation stages, the incidence rates were 20.34%, 35.80%, 30.85%, and 22.92%, respectively. In conclusion, the incidence of subclinical mastitis on this farm was influenced by multiple factors, including milk yield, parity, and lactation stage. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen feeding managementing and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures to effectively reduce the incidence of subclinical mastitis.
To investigate the current status of wild boar population resources in Nanling County, Anhui Province, a camera-trapping survey was conducted from August 13 to October 13, 2021, covering 5 forested regions and agro-forestry ecotones including Hewan Town, where 40 infrared cameras were deployed. The monitoring results revealed that wild boars were recorded at 37 out of 40 camera sites, with only 3 locations failing to capture any wild boar activity. The estimated population density ranged between 1.83 and 2.46 individuals/km⊃2; across the five surveyed townships, yielding an average density of 2.145 individuals/km⊃2;. These findings indicated that wild boars were widely distributed and highly active throughout the study area, the wild boar population density in certain areas required further control. This observed spatial variation in density may be attributed to differences in habitat quality and food resource availability, as well as varying levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Based on these results, implementing comprehensive management strategies including strengthened patrol monitoring systems, sustained public awareness campaigns, and tiered population control measures to effectively regulate wild boar densities were recommended. This study provides valuable references data for developing wild boar damage prevention and control measures in relevant regions.
This paper combines the production practices of the rice-crayfish symbiotic farming model in the Ma’anshan region of Anhui Province, the technical requirements for paddy fields, the key techniques for rice cultivation and crayfish farming under this model were analyzed, as well as its advantages and future research trends. For this model, it was advisable to select field plots of 3–5 hm⊃2;, with ridge widths no less than 1.5 m and heights of 60–80 cm. Additionally, the inner slopes of the fields should be protected with polyethylene mesh fabric with a mesh size of 5 mm.The key techniques for rice cultivation included selecting varieties with plant heights above 1.1 m, strong lodging resistance, and good disease resistance (such as Wangliangyou 018, Weiliangyou 8612, and Qiaoliangyou 17), using the “day-soaking and night-draining” method for seed soaking, and employing rice-specific germination boxes for constant-temperature sprouting. The suitable sowing period in the study area is March 15–20. Greenhouse seedling cultivation mainly adopts dry management and sprinkler irrigation, with daytime temperatures maintained at 25–30 °C. Water control and seedling hardening were implemented 5–7 days before transplanting, while the main field was rotary-tilled in advance. Mechanical transplanting is adopted, ensuring sufficient basic seedlings with a planting density of 30 cm × 17 cm and 12 000–15 000 holes/667 m⊃2;. The first harvest of rice should be completed before August 20, while the ratoon rice harvest period falls between late October and early November.The key techniques for crayfish farming included stocking fry in two batches (the first from March 20 to April 20 and the second before the end of May), with a total stocking density of 7 000 individuals/667 m⊃2;. On the day of release, high quality juvenile feed with a protein content of 36% and a particle size of 1.1 mm should be evenly distributed. After release, fermented yeast-based EM bacteria should be applied every 5–7 days for water quality regulation. During the harvesting period (from May to late October), a “capture the large and retain the small” approach is adopted for flexible harvesting. This model achieves “one planting with two harvests” for rice, improving its yield, while also enhancing the unit yield and size of crayfish. The harvesting period is significantly extended, leading to notable economic benefits. Future research should further investigate the effects of rice planting density and crayfish stocking density on rice yield and farming efficiency under this model.
In this paper, field investigation, data inquiry and remote sensing mapping were used to investigate the tree application situation, species, environmental adaptability and group plant configuration of the main green spaces in the built-up area of Nanling County, Anhui Province. The results showed that the park green spaces in the study area could be divided into comprehensive parks, community parks and recreational parks. Among them, the F area of the riverside park had 60 tree species, 8 species with high application frequency, including Ginkgo biloba, Camphora officinarum, Osmanthus fragrans, Photinia serratifolia, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum and Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana. There were 132 main tree species in the study area, including 66 species of trees, 57 species of shrubs, 6 species of bamboo and 3 species of vines. The ratio of evergreen to deciduous tree species was 1.0∶2.1. The ratio of trees to shrubs was 1.0∶0.9. Citrus maxima, Cycas revoluta, Morella rubra, Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana and Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardii’ had relatively poor adaptability. The vegetation types of park green spaces in the study area were relatively rich, mainly evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests. The coverage rates of trees and shrubs in Zhongshan Square, Xueshan Road Park and Chungu Park were relatively high, with coverage rate of 82%, 78% and 72% respectively. This article provides references for the configuration or improvement and transformation of tree species in parks.
Research on the relationship between forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is a key direction in the field of ecology. The current research on forest biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships along geographic gradients from biodiversity-BEF relationships, effects of geographic gradients on biodiversity, and forest BEF relationships along geographic gradients was reviewed. The biodiversity-BEF relationship primarily encompasses: species diversity-single BEF relationships; multi-scale and multi-dimensional biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning; and forest biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. Specifically, plant diversity influences soil ecological functions through various pathways (e.g., altering enzyme activity, optimizing soil structure, regulating element cycling). Different dimensions of biodiversity (e.g., functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, α/β-diversity) exert varying effects on ecosystem functioning across spatial scales (local, regional). Forest biodiversity indirectly affects ecosystem multifunctionality through factors like mean annual temperature, precipitation, and soil pH.Geographic gradients (altitude, latitude) significantly impact plant species diversity by altering environmental factors such as soil nutrients, temperature, and precipitation. The relationship between altitude gradients and forest plant species diversity manifests in five patterns: negative correlation, positive correlation, mid-elevation peak, U-shaped pattern, and no correlation. The predominant latitudinal pattern shows plant species richness peaking in equatorial tropical regions and gradually decreasing toward the poles, with minor variations showing unimodal or insignificant relationships. Studies on forest BEF relationships along geographic gradients reveal complex variations including positive correlations, non-significant relationships, and environmental dependencies. Future research should intensify investigations in this domain to enhance our understanding of these intricate relationships.
To improve the understanding of the tourism climate comfort in the Western Sichuan Plateau region, this study was based on monthly data from 12 meteorological observation stations in the area from 1991 to 2020. The temperature and humidity index (T), wind and cold index (W), clothing index (I), and comprehensive comfort index (C) were used as evaluation indicators for climate comfort. The temporal and spatial changes in climate comfort in the region were analyzed, as well as the correlation between tourism climate resources and altitude. The results showed that the monthly average temperature changes in a unimodal pattern, with June and July as the turning point. The highest monthly average temperature was 23 ℃, the overall variation of monthly average relative humidity was similar to a “W” shape; the overall trend of temperature and humidity index, wind and cold index was first increasing and then decreasing, while the overall trend of clothing index was first decreasing and then increasing. From a yearly perspective, the tourism climate comfort index in the research area showed an upward trend from January to July and a downward trend from August to December, and it was negatively correlated with its latitude and altitude. This article provides references for promoting the development of tourism in plateau region.
The issuance data of rainstorm warning signals issued by meteorological stations in Liangshan Prefecture from 2018 to 2024 were analyzed in this study to compare interannual and monthly variations, as well as spatial distribution patterns. The findings revealed that (1) An increasing trend was observed in the annual average number of rainstorm warnings issued, with a significant rise recorded in 2024 when 617 warning signals were issued, 93.8% of which were concentrated between June and September. (2) Regarding the tiered warning mechanism, the proportion of first-issued yellow warnings was found to have decreased by 28.8 percentage points in 2024 compared to 2018-2023, while the proportion of updated warnings increased by 31.70 percentage points. The proportion of first-issued orange warnings was shown to have risen to 65.3%, and red warnings were documented to have been issued for the first time in 2024. (3) A decentralized distribution pattern was identified in the total number of rainstorm warnings issued across Liangshan Prefecture during 2018-2023, whereas a spatial distribution characterized by higher frequency in the southwest and lower frequency in the northeast was demonstrated in 2024. To improve the timeliness and effectiveness of warning issuance, recommendations were made to enhance public education on rainstorm warning standards and to establish a 5G-GIS intelligent dissemination system.
To explore and promote efficient and sustainable cultivation methods for Hami melon, the principle of single film connected greenhouse cultivation technology was introduced, the environmental conditions and control measures required for Hami melon growth were analyzed, and systematically elaborated on its specific effectiveness in agricultural production practice. The single film connected greenhouse adopts reasonable lighting, ventilation, and insulation materials, and achieves precise control of the internal environment of the greenhouse through intelligent control devices such as high precision sensors. The growth of Hami melon requires moderate temperature, sufficient light, and a suitable humidity environment; generally, temperature, humidity, and lighting are regulated through drip irrigation, sunshade nets, fill lights, and a wet curtain fan system. In a 5 hm2 single film connected greenhouse, with appropriate management and regulation measures, the planting performance of three Hami melon varieties, Jinhaimi, Xizhoumi 25, and Suxiang, was better, with an earlier maturity period and improved sweetness, taste, color, and other qualities; the economic benefits were relatively high, with a yield increase of about 20% compared to conventional planting methods. This article provides a reference for the high quality and high yield cultivation of Hami melon.
To cultivate “Innovation and Entrepreneurship” talents in Biotechnology, the current situation of experimental teaching in Fermentation Engineering major was analyzed, and the path of integrating “innovation and entrepreneurship” education into this major experiments was explored. In terms of the current situation, there was a problem of insufficient teacher-student interaction in programmatic experimental teaching, and some students lack learning initiative and innovation. In terms of path exploration, the layered optimization experimental teaching content strengthens basic and comprehensive experimental skills through experiments such as maize raw material alcohol fermentation; improve experimental teaching methods, apply virtual simulation technology and other resources to deepen knowledge understanding; strengthen the training of teachers’ engineering practical skills and course ideology and politics, organize teachers to go deep into enterprises or undertake related projects; organize extracurricular activities such as innovation and entrepreneurship practice lectures and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship competition, and determine the topic for the graduation thesis based on market demand; set up a dynamic assessment mechanism, and the total score of the experiment consists of 5 parts: attendance, preview situation, and comprehensive skills, etc. Practice shows that the teaching reform has achieved significant results, with 93.5% of students believing that they have mastered professional knowledge and enhanced innovation and entrepreneurship capacities. The average score of students has improved by 8.2 points compared to the previous level. This article provides references for the reform of Biology related experimental teaching in universities.
To cultivate applied and versatile high quality talents in fields such as agriculture, pharmacy, etc, a reform of presentational assimilation discussion teaching in Pharmacy course was carried out, with students as the center and based on the concept of outcome based education (OBE), combined with bridge in, objective, pre assessment, participatory learning, post assessment, and summary, to explore the construction of a teaching model of “OBE+BOPPPS+presentational assimilation discussion”. By bridging in introducing videos and bridge-in (B), as well as publishing OBE teaching objective (O), aim to stimulate students’ interest in learning; effectively testing students’ preview effectiveness and enhancing their ability to analyze problems through pre-assessment (P); integrating the presentational assimilation discussion into the participatory learning (P) module, through group discussions and whole class discussions, to enhance students’ communication and logical thinking abilities; consolidate students’ learned knowledge through post-assessment (P); the teacher conducts a post class summary (S) to gain a deeper understanding of the students’ mastery of the knowledge points. Practice shows that this teaching model can effectively improve teaching effectiveness, and the average overall score of students has increased from 81.81 points in the past to 85.67 points. This article provides references for similar teaching reforms.
To cultivate innovative talents in the seed industry, the Seed Processing and Storage course was briefly introduced, and the course was reformed from the aspects of teaching content, teaching methods, school enterprise cooperation, ideological and political elements, and assessment and evaluation. This course covers topics such as seed cleaning, selection, and grading, with a focus on the scientific principles and techniques of seed processing and storage, as well as the life activities of seeds during storage and processing. Based on the characteristics of the course, the following teaching reforms were carried out: updating teaching content, organizing and summarizing the latest seed processing and seed storage technologies, and integrating the latest research trends and cutting-edge knowledge in corresponding chapters; optimizing teaching methods, adopting small class teaching, and combining various teaching methods such as topic discussion, case analysis, and topic report to stimulate students’ interest and enthusiasm for learning; strengthening school enterprise cooperation, signing course cooperation agreements with leading seed industry companies such as Anhui Huacheng, and jointly establishing the “Huacheng Class” for Seed Science and Engineering majors; exploring ideological and political elements such as food security, and cultivating students’ rigorous and serious scientific spirit; optimizing the assessment method and increasing the proportion of course assignments and process assessments in the total score. This article provides a reference for similar course teaching reforms.
Against the backdrop of new quality productivitive forces leading the high quality development of technology, applied undergraduate education needs to cultivate high quality skilled talents. Cell biology, as an important branch of Biology, lays the foundation for the development of life sciences through its research achievements. This article focused on the integration of the concept of new quality productivitive forces into Cell Biology course, exploring the cultivation of high quality talents with the skills required for new quality productivitive forces, promoting the development of the biotechnology industry, and facilitating the integration and utilization of scientific and technological resources. Introducing the concept of new quality productivitive forces in the process of curriculum reform and updating course content; innovativing teaching models to stimulate students’ innovative potential; building an integrated practice platform for industry university research, promoting innovative teaching models, updating course content, and optimizing resource integration. By reforming the teaching of this courses, students’ learning initiative and professional identity can be enhanced, while their practical ability and scientific research literacy can be strengthened, providing talent cultivation support for promoting the development of new quality productivitive forces.
To cultivate high quality composite talents with hands-on operation ability，the teaching status of pre-class，in-class，and post-class stages of Health Microbiology Experimental course teaching was analyzed based on the student-centered educational concept，the “semi-open + open” experimental teaching model was explored，and the corresponding teaching reform strategies were proposed. Under the conventional experimental teaching model，teachers prepare corresponding reagents and consumables pre-class，and concentrate on explaining the experimental process and operation norms in-class. After class experimental reports attach importance to descriptive evaluation of experimental steps and results，which was not conducive to cultivating students’ abilities such as self-learning and teamwork. Based on this，the following countermeasures were proposed: students participate in the entire pre-class preparation stage，and for the collection of reagents, consumables and other items, a combination of teacher preparation (semi open model) and student self application (open model) would be adopted. Optimize role division in-class teaching process，with teachers playing the role of guides in the classroom，focusing on cultivating students’ independent thinking ability and innovative thinking; improve the evaluation method for post-class experiment reports，timely release the scores for key experimental steps such as aseptic operations，and arrange for centralized Q&A. The results shows that the teaching reform has achieved good results，such as helping students form innovative thinking （92% students agree），cultivating teamwork ability （93% students agree），strengthening sterile operation awareness（93% students agree），and so on. This article provides references for the teaching reform of microbiology-related courses.
Protein extraction, separation, analysis and determination of Michaelis constant are the comprehensive experimental course contents in the teaching syllabus of biochemistry experiments. In this experimental practice, commercially available mung bean sprout stem segments were used as experimental materials. The total protein was extracted by grinding method, and the concentration and distribution of total protein were determined by BCA method and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The Michaelis constant of acid phosphatase in total protein was determined using disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP-Na2) as the substrate under acidic conditions [37 ℃, 0.2 mol/L HAc-NaAc buffer (pH=5.6)]. The results showed that the total protein concentration of mung bean sprout stem segments was 4.374 mg/mL. Under acidic conditions, the Km of acid phosphatase in the total protein was 5.552 5 mmol/L, and the Vm was 0.074 3 mmol/ (L·min). This practical exercise significantly enhanced students’ operational understanding of fundamental biochemical techniques including protein extraction/purification, quantitative analysis, and determination of Michaelis constant. Furthermore, it provided hands-on experience with essential methodologies such as protein isolation and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, while effectively fostering scientific curiosity and research enthusiasm among participants.
To improve the quality of talent cultivation in Food related professional technical skills, the construction and practical application of a characteristic apprenticeship system talent cultivation model was explored. Based on factors such as professional knowledge and the inherent logical relationship of skill training, a characteristic apprenticeship system talent training model of “two rounds, three positions, four levels, and five integrations” was constructed. In terms of practical application, establish an apprenticeship “dual mentor” team composed of backbone teachers on campus, enterprise technical experts, modern craftsmen, etc., and regularly carry out skill guidance and technical services; build a project-based teaching curriculum system led by “ideological and political guidance” with the main focus on cultivating the ability to apply technologies such as intelligent food processing, food quality management, and intelligent food marketing; cooperate with enterprises in baked goods, dairy products, fruit and vegetable products, etc., to implement the pilot teaching of apprenticeship talent training in “dual venues”, ensure that the teaching content is synchronized with market demand; implement dual subject engineering alternation training between schools and enterprises, and add evaluation indicators such as professional competence and craftsmanship spirit to the assessment and evaluation system. Practice showed that this teaching model has achieved significant results in deep cooperation and collaborative education with enterprises, cultivating more than 100 professional skilled talents and winning more than 10 awards such as industry skill competitions. This article provides references for the teaching reform of related courses.
To accelerate the high quality and efficient transformation of the beef cattle industry in Bengbu City, promote the development of the entire industry chain, and enhance the entire value chain, the current situation of beef cattle breeding, industrial development advantages, existing areas for improvement, and development achievements were analyzed based on statistical survey data and field visits to relevant areas, and the targeted countermeasures were proposed. In terms of development status, the industry is developing rapidly, with advantages such as superior location and transportation, rich scientific and educational resources, and abundant agricultural resources. However, there are still areas that need improvement in terms of optimizing the breeding system for high quality seeds, increasing the scale of breeding, utilizing straw as feed, and extending the industrial chain; the development achievements that have been made include the construction of a beef cattle breeding system, the creation of a beef cattle breeding demonstration zone, the acceleration of the full chain development of the industry, and the support for the accelerated development of the industry. In terms of countermeasures, strengthen training guidance, enhance scientific breeding training, promote socialized veterinary services, improve standardized breeding levels, and cultivate breeding demonstration sites; focus on building leading enterprises, support the development of local enterprises, and construct industrial consortia and clusters; promote the development of the entire industry chain, strengthen scientific and technological research and development, create beef brands, standardize centralized slaughtering, and promote deep processing; strengthen factor guarantee, enhance land use guarantee, increase finance support, improve the level of straw feed utilization, and promote the circular development of ecological breeding. This article provides references for high quality development of beef cattle industry in similar regions.
The current situation of the development of the fruit industry in Guizhou was analyzed, the existing problems in the current industrial development were investigated, and targeted development countermeasures were proposed. The study area had a favorable ecological environment and unique natural resource advantages. The large scale development of dominant tree species in advantageous regions, forming a number of local characteristic advantageous industries, such as Majiang blueberries, Zhenning honey plums, Weining Plateau apples, etc. Industrial standards and group standards have been formulated, and enterprises had been organized to participate in exhibitions, sales, and promotional activities. However, its fruit industry still needs further improvement in aspects such as seedling guarantee, technological support, the degree of production organization, and commercial processing capacity, it is necessary to enhance the innovation and utilization of germplasm resources, strengthen technological and talent support, increase the introduction and cultivation of main bodies, improve the post-harvest processing level of fruits, and strengthen brand creation and risk early warning and prevention, so as to promote the modernization of the fruit industry.
The current situation of the bamboo industry development in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, the links that need improvement were expounded, and based on it, specific countermeasures were proposed. The research area is rich in bamboo forest resources. The technological cultivation and talent training system for the bamboo industry is relatively complete, and there are a large number of processing enterprises, and the number of processing industries is considerable. The under-forest planting and breeding industry and ecological tourism and health care industry are continuously expanding, with the output value constantly increasing. The brand building has achieved initial results. The development of the bamboo industry in this region requires close attention in aspects such as infrastructure, the development and utilization of bamboo products, the integration of the bamboo industry, and the intensity of industrial support. Based on this, it is proposed to scientifically plan and construct bamboo forest roads and cultivate specialized and mechanized bamboo logging and storage and transportation companies. Strengthen in-depth cooperation with universities and research institutes, and develop “bamboo instead of plastic” products and advanced manufacturing equipment; vigorously develop the tourism industry featuring bamboo forest sightseeing and build a bamboo industry experience base integrating bamboo product experience and bamboo culture display. Formulate specific entry policies for the park in terms of land supply, taxation, production supporting facilities and other elements, and encourage financial institutions to develop green financial products with bamboo industry characteristics. This article provides references for promoting the sustainable and comprehensive development of the bamboo industry economy in similar areas.
To enhance the market competitiveness of the Hami melon brand in Hami City, Xinjiang, the current situation of Hami melon brand construction in Hami National Agricultural Science and Technology Park by questionnaire survey was analyzed, and accordingly relevant strategies for enhancing brand awareness were proposed. The results showed that in terms of brand promotion efforts, some consumers’ understanding of Hami melons was limited to the level that they were produced in Hami, Xinjiang, while consumers’ deeper understanding of their quality, taste, nutritional value, etc., was relatively lacking. In terms of the consumer group, the consumer group of Hami melons in the study area was relatively stable, mainly concentrated in the consumer group aged 30 to 45, accounting for 44.08%. Urban consumers constitute the main body of the consumer group, among which the proportion of female consumers was relatively high, accounting for 64.93%. In terms of the effect of market expansion, its consumer groups were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southwest regions, accounting for 30.33% and 31.28% respectively. The frequency of daily family consumption was relatively low, while the choices as festival gifts and friends’ gatherings were relatively more common. In terms of market competitiveness, the loyalty of some consumers to brands had not yet reached an ideal state, and they often made choices based on price and promotional activities when purchasing. During the process of brand building, measures such as strengthening brand promotion, expanding the consumer group, broadening market coverage, enhancing brand competitiveness and customer loyalty should be taken to continuously improve brand awareness and market influence. This article provides a reference for enhancing the brand influence of hami melons.
To accelerate the promotion of sustained income increase for farmers and support the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, based on time series data from Anhui Province in 2014 to 2023, through unit root tests and cointegration tests, the relationship between variables was judged, and a vector autoregression model was constructed to empirically analyze the impact of leisure agriculture and rural tourism development on farmers’ income growth, and targeted development suggestions are proposed. The results indicated that the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism industries can significantly and positively promote the per capita disposable income level of rural residents in the study area, but their contribution rate needs to be improved. To this end, the following development suggestions were proposed: strengthen the guiding role and establish a sound mechanism for industrial development; improve the integration level of rural tertiary industries and increase the value-added income of farmers’ industries; improve the mechanism of agricultural cooperation and support, and enhance the effectiveness of increasing farmers’ income; strengthen vocational skills training and enhance the human capital of farmers. This article provides references for promoting high quality development of rural tourism in similar regions.
