The breeding process, characteristics, cultivation techniques, and seed production technology of Ruiliangyou 56 Zhan were summarized. This variety is a high yield, high quality two-line hybrid indica rice developed by crossing the high-quality indica photoperiod-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line Rui 18S with the indica restorer line 56 Zhan. It was approved by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2023 (Wanshendao 2023L021). In terms of characteristics, this variety has a total growth period of approximately 133.7 days, strong tillering ability, moderate plant height, and lodging resistance. It demonstrates good yield performance, with an average yield of 647.78 kg/667 m⊃2; in regional trials conducted from 2020 to 2021. The rice has excellent quality and is moderately to moderately susceptible to diseases such as rice blast and rice blast. Key cultivation techniques include sowing at the appropriate time (early to mid-May), seed treatment with prochloraz for soaking and germination promotion, and transplanting 25–28 days after sowing. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and water management should follow the principles of “shallow water for transplanting, alternating wet and dry conditions, timely field drying, deep water for temperature regulation, and drainage at yellow maturity”. Disease and pest control should prioritize prevention, focusing on pest control during the seedling stage and integrated management of diseases such as sheath blight, rice blast, and false smut, as well as pests such as planthoppers and leaf rollers during the mid-to-late stages. Seed production techniques involve precise coordination of the flowering periods of the parental lines, standardized field layout, and strict removal of off-types. Specifically, the female parent is sown in mid-May, while the male parent is sown in two batches. When planting, the ratio of parents to their own line is 2∶11. When 5%-10% of the female panicles have headed, gibberellin (“920”) is sprayed to regulate the plant height of the parental lines. Artificial or drone-assisted pollination is conducted during the peak flowering period of the male parent. Strictly remove impurities during the seed production process. When seed maturity reaches 80%-90%, the seeds are harvested and dried separately on sunny days. After pollination, the male parent rows are promptly cut, and biological and mechanical mixing must be strictly prevented throughout the process. This paper provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety.
To explore the mechanism underlying the enhancement of salt tolerance in rice seedlings by exogenous silicon, a hydroponic experiment was conducted using Nipponbare as the test material. 3 treatments were established, namely the nutrient solution group (CK), the 0.5% NaCl nutrient solution group, and the 3 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃ + 0.5% NaCl nutrient solution group. The salt injury symptoms, growth parameters (including seedling length, root length, etc.) and physiological and biochemical indices [including catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, etc.] were determined for each treatment. A pot experiment was performed for verification, with Lianjing 7 and Lianjing 15 as the test materials. 4 rice seedling raising substrate treatments were set up: seedling raising substrate (control), seedling raising substrate + Na₂SiO₃, seedling raising substrate + 1/2 diatomite, and seedling raising substrate + 1/4 diatomite, followed by salt stress treatment with 0.5% NaCl for all substrate groups. The seedling growth status and salt ion concentration distribution were observed across the 4 treatments. The results showed that in the hydroponic experiment, the salt injury indices of rice seedlings under the NaCl treatment and the NaCl + Na₂SiO₃ treatment were 63.0% and 41.2%, respectively. After 3 days of salt stress treatment, all the tested indices of the NaCl treatment group were significantly lower than those of the CK group (P<0.05), except for the shoot dry weight; the root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight of the NaCl + Na₂SiO₃ treatment group were significantly higher than those of the NaCl treatment group (P<0.05). After 7 days of salt stress treatment, all the growth indices of rice seedlings under the NaCl treatment were significantly lower than those under the CK treatment (P<0.05); the root length, root fresh weight and the length of the third leaf in the NaCl + Na₂SiO₃ treatment group were significantly higher than those in the NaCl treatment group (P<0.05). Compared with the CK treatment, the NaCl treatment resulted in a significant decrease in CAT activity （P<0.05）and a significant increase in MDA content in both leaves and roots (P<0.01); in contrast, the NaCl + Na₂SiO₃ treatment caused a significant increase in leaf CAT activity（P<0.05） and a significant decrease in MDA content compared with the NaCl treatment (P<0.01). In the pot experiment, the severity of salt injury symptoms among all treatments followed the order of NaCl > NaCl + 1/2 diatomite > NaCl + 1/4 diatomite > NaCl + Na₂SiO₃. Compared with the NaCl treatment, the application of exogenous silicon (in the form of Na₂SiO₃ and diatomite) led to a significant decrease in Na⁺ content in rice seedling roots (P<0.01), while the Na⁺ content in leaves (except for the fifth leaf) was significantly increased with the Na₂SiO₃ treatment (P<0.01). Overall, the results demonstrate that salt stress causes damage to rice plants by inhibiting growth processes and interfering with oxidase activity, whereas the application of exogenous silicon can improve the salt tolerance of rice seedlings and alleviate salt stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and salt ion distribution.
In order to deeply understand the characteristics of yield formation and dry matter transport of wheat varieties in Shandong Province during the 1950s–2010s, 8 wheat varieties were selected for field tests, including Bima No.1, Jinan No.2, Taishan No.1, Lumai No.1, Yannong 19, Jimai 22, Tanmai 98, and Luyuan 502. The yield and its components, dry matter translocation characteristics, and changes in dry matter allocation among different organs of these varieties were comparatively analyzed. The results indicated that with variety improvement, wheat yield, grains per spike, and thousand-kernel weight showed an increasing trend, while the number of spikes remained relatively stable. The contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter storage and translocation to grain decreased, while the contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation gradually increased. The proportion of dry matter allocated to leaves and spikes increased, while that allocated to stems decreased, indicating enhanced sink capacity and source strength in wheat. Coordinating yield components, promoting the re-translocation of pre-anthesis stored substances based on ensuring post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, and optimizing source-sink structure were identified as important objectives for future high yield wheat breeding.
To explore the effects of green manure incorporation into soil on rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency, a field experiment was conducted in Longshan County, Hunan Province from 2023 to 2024, with Astragalus sinicus cv. Anzi 3 as the green manure and rice cv. Jingyou 312 as the test material. The experiment was designed with 2 main plots: green manure incorporation zone (MV) and non-green manure incorporation zone, adopting a randomized block design. Each main plot was set with four treatments, namely nitrogen-free treatment (PK), phosphorus-free treatment (NK), potassium-free treatment (NP) and NPK combined application treatment (NPK). The agronomic traits (e.g., plant height), dry matter weights of straw and grain, rice yield and yield components were determined for each treatment, and the fertilizer use efficiency was calculated. The results showed that in terms of agronomic traits, under the same fertilization condition, the panicle length, basal stem diameter, and flag leaf length of rice in the green manure incorporation treatments were all higher than those in the non-green manure incorporation treatments. In terms of dry matter weight, except for the NK treatment, the straw dry matter weight, grain dry matter weight and aboveground dry matter weight of rice at maturity stage in the green manure incorporation treatments were higher than those in the non-green manure incorporation treatments under the same fertilization condition. In terms of yield and yield components, under the same fertilization condition, the number of grains per panicle, total spikelet number of rice in the green manure incorporation treatments were all higher than those in the non-green manure incorporation treatments; the rice yields of MV+PK, MV+NK, MV+NP and MV+NPK treatments were increased by 2.75%, 1.41%, 5.12% and 7.69% compared with PK, NK, NP and NPK treatments, respectively. In terms of fertilizer use efficiency, compared with the NPK treatment, the agronomic use efficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers in the MV+NPK treatment were increased by 2.5, 5.5 and 1.9 kg/kg, respectively, and the partial factor productivities were increased by 3.3, 6.6 and 4.4 kg/kg, respectively; the recovery efficiencies of N and K fertilizers were increased by 3.4 and 2.6 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, green manure incorporation can replace the role of partial chemical fertilizers, promote rice growth, improve rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency.
This paper analyzed the basic conditions for rice cultivation in the Rudong area of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, and systematically summarized the key technologies for local rice cultivation. The region is rich in light and heat resources and has the potential for increasing rice production, but typhoons, high temperatures and soil salinization have certain impacts on rice production. Based on this, the paper integrated core technologies such as variety breeding, precise water and fertilizer management, and green prevention and control, and established rice planting technologies suitable for regional ecological conditions. Specifically, it includes screening salt-tolerant genotypes with stable resistance varieties, such as Nanjing 5055, etc.; adopting dry seedling raising technology, constructing a dry seedling bed with coordinated regulation of physical structure and chemical environment, and conducting stress adaptation training when the second and a half leaf of the seedling unfolds and 5 days before transplanting to cultivate resistant and vigorous seedlings; constructing a precise controlled-release system of compound fertilizer nutrients in time and space (the peak period of nitrogen release is in line with the tillering peak period, and the phosphorus activity is maintained until the young panicle differentiation period), with the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers being 165, 75 and 105 kg/hm2 respectively; establishing a dual-track water regulation mechanism of “salt drainage and alkali suppression-physiological water demand”, and implementing precise water regulation of “shallow water promoting tillering-inch water protecting the embryo-dry and wet preventing senescence”; constructing a green control system, through the coordinated effect of physical (setting up sound and light combination traps, etc.) and biological (spraying 200 billion spores/g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder, etc.) control, maintaining the ratio of beneficial to harmful organisms in the paddy field ecosystem at 1∶2. This paper provides a reference for green, stable and high yield rice production in coastal saline-alkali areas
This paper systematically summarized the key technical points of dense planting and drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer for summer maize, covering the entire growth cycle. During the pre-sowing preparation stage, flat and well-drained fields were selected, and fine straw incorporation combined with periodic deep tillage or subsoiling were implemented. Fertilization was applied based on soil fertility, and dense-planting-resistant, machine-harvestable coated varieties (such as Nongda 778 and Dedan 123) were preferentially selected, with a rational planting density of 5 000–6 000 plants/667 m⊃2;. A drip irrigation system comprising a head control unit and a three-level pipeline network was established, with pressure-compensating drip tapes being the preferred choice. In the sowing operation, methods such as guided precision sowing, stubble-direct seeding, or triangular seedling-fixing sowing were adopted to ensure sowing quality. The sowing time was determined according to the planting pattern, and simultaneous operations of sowing, fertilization, and drip tape laying were achieved. Field management focused on fertigation as the core, with irrigation and split nitrogen applications carried out based on soil moisture monitoring at different growth stages. Complementary practices, including seedling thinning and final spacing, chemical weeding, growth regulation, and integrated disease and pest control, were implemented. During the harvest and storage stage, maize was harvested using combine harvesters at the appropriate delayed time when the husks turned yellow, the kernel milk line disappeared, and the moisture content dropped below 25%. The grains were then dried to a moisture content below 13% before storage. The drip irrigation system was regularly inspected and maintained, and related equipment was recycled after harvest. This paper provides a reference for the green and sustainable production of summer maize.
Lycium ruthenicum is a xerophytic species with excellent adaptability to adverse environments. To reveal the growth and physiological response of L. ruthenicum under NaCl treatment, the seed germination, seedling growth (cotyledon diameter, hypocotyl and radicle length, fresh weight, dry weight, relative growth rate), K+ and Na+ content, osmotic potential, and photosynthetic indicators [(net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE)] were assessed after being subjected to different NaCl [0 (CK), 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mmol/L] treatments. The results showed that compared to the control, 50 mmol/L NaCl strongly boosted the germination rate, diameter of cotyledon, primary root length, fresh weight, dry weight, relative growth rate, and significantly increased the Na+ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves; the concentration of Na+ in leaves was significantly higher than that in roots and stems when adding 50-300 mmol/L NaCl （P<0.05）; the K+ concentrations in roots also increased significantly when exposed to 50-100 and 300-400 mmol/L NaCl. Moreover, external NaCl apparently increased the Pn, Gs, Tr and WUE （P<0.05）. Compared with CK, the osmotic potential of the plants significantly decreased under 50–400 mmol/L NaCl treatments. It is speculated that moderate NaCl treatment could promote the growth of L. ruthenicum by regulating the Na+, K+ content and photosynthesis, and resisted to salt stress by transporting Na+ to leaves in L. ruthenicum.
This article summarized the ecological cultivation techniques for blueberry whole industry chain from aspects such as site selection, soil improvement, variety selection, cultivation, and field management. Considering factors such as sunlight, soil and terrain conditions, priority is given to choosing sunny hillsides or open plains with sufficient sunlight. The soil pH should be between 4.0 and 5.0, and the terrain must be flat and have good drainage. Sulfur powder is applied to adjust the soil pH, and organic materials such as decomposed farmyard manure and peat soil are used to increase the organic matter content of the soil. In cold northern regions, dwarf or semi-highbush blueberry varieties can be chosen; in warm and humid southern regions, southern highbush or rabbiteye blueberry varieties can be planted. The best time for planting blueberries is from December to January of the following year. Pollen trees should be planted in a ratio of 3∶1 or 4∶1 according to the main cultivar and pollinator cultivar. Strengthen field management, apply organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizer, and perform reasonable pruning. Adopt agricultural control measures (preferably using disease-resistant varieties, timely removing diseased and dead plants, etc.), physical control (such as insect traps)and biological control (predatory insects, biological preparations, etc.) measures for green control of diseases and pests. Implement precise harvesting and cold chain transportation. This article provides a reference for the green ecological cultivation of blueberries and the sustainable development of the blueberry industry.
This article summarized the cultivation techniques for high quality and high yield garlic from aspects such as variety selection, plot selection, land preparation and fertilization, and timely planting. According to different production purposes, suitable superior varieties should be selected. For example, varieties like Lunong Garlic can be chosen for garlic production, while varieties like Ershuizao can be selected for garlic shoots production. Choose land that is loose, fertile, well-drained and well-irrigated. It is not advisable to rotate with crops such as onions and leeks. The optimal time for garlic sowing is from mid-to-late September to early October. Before planting, the seeds should be soaked. Adequate base fertilizer should be applied. The planting depth should be 3 to 5 cm. When the garlic seedlings emerge, promptly remove the film and transplant the seedlings 3 to 5 days later. During the growth period, water and fertilize appropriately, and strengthen the prevention of diseases, pests and weeds. The garlic sprouts should be harvested 40 to 45 days after they start to differentiate. After the garlic sprouts are harvested, the garlic bulbs should be promptly harvested when the temperature rises to 26 ℃ and the plants show mature characteristics. This article provides a reference for the scientific cultivation of garlic.
To investigate the effects of different dietary inclusion rates of fermented feed on production performance, meat quality and immune indices of finishing pigs, a total of 200 healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) crossbred finishing pigs aged 100 days were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table, with 5 replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate: the control group (basal diet), group A (95% basal diet + 5% fermented feed), group B (90% basal diet + 10% fermented feed), and group C (85% basal diet + 15% fermented feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, growth performance indices including average daily gain, slaughter performance including dressing percentage and lean meat percentage, meat quality indices including pH and shear force, and immune indices such as immunoglobulin IgG were measured. The results showed that compared with the control group, groups A, B and C presented significantly increased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, dressing percentage, lean meat percentage, loin eye area, carcass diagonal length, pH at 24 h post-mortem, and serum contents of IgG, IgA and IgM (P<0.05), while the feed-to-gain ratio, backfat thickness, shear force, cooking loss and drip loss were significantly reduced (P<0.05); the above indices (except average daily feed intake) in group C differed significantly from those in groups A and B (P<0.05). Collectively, dietary supplementation with fermented feed could effectively improve the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and immune function of finishing pigs in a dose-dependent manner, and under the conditions of this experiment, the inclusion of 15% fermented feed in the basal diet of finishing pigs achieved the best regulatory effect.
To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was used to detect DIV1 in 320 M. rosenbergii samples collected in four quarters of 2023 and 2024. The survey results showed that the positive detection rates in 2023 and the first quarter of 2024 were 0 and 6.67%, respectively; the positive detection rates in the second quarter were 22.86% and 3.70%, respectively; those in the third quarter were 5.88% and 5.26%, respectively; and those in the fourth quarter were 25.00% and 24.49%, respectively. These results indicated that there is a certain prevalence risk of DIV1 in M. rosenbergii in this region. A white triangular area under the cephalothorax carapace of most diseased shrimp is a typical clinical indicator of DIV1 infection, whose occurrence is closely related to the culture environment (temperature, water quality) and animal nutritional status. Therefore, comprehensive regulation of the interactions among pathogens, aquatic animals and water environment and establishment of a healthy green culture system are necessary for effective DIV1 prevention and control. This paper provides a reference for DIV1 in M. rosenbergii investigation and control in relevant regions.
To explore the effects of thinning measures on the growth and ecosystem functions of Larix gmelinii artificial forests in semi-arid regions, the Larix gmelinii protective forests in Wangyedian forest farms in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia were selected as the research objects. 2 treatments were set up: thinning treatment (T1) and no management control (CK). Through 12 years of long-term monitoring, the growth indicators of trees, forest stand volume, and biodiversity and other indicators were systematically analyzed. The results showed that thinning significantly promoted the growth of trees. The diameter at breast height (17.15 cm) and tree height (16.43 m) of T1 treatment were 31.92% and 19.32% higher than those of the CK treatment, respectively. The stand volume (242.44 m⊃3;/hm⊃2;) of T1 treatment was 51.96% higher than that of the CK treatment. The Simpson index (1.00 for shrubs and 0.85 for herbaceous plants) and Shannon-Wiener index (1.31 for shrubs and 2.01 for herbaceous plants) of the understory vegetation under T1 treatment were significantly higher than those of the CK treatment. The ecosystem service value was significantly improved, and the annual carbon sequestration value (15 600 yuan) and oxygen release value (216 000 yuan) increased by 38.05% and 38.36%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. In summary, moderate thinning can optimize the stand structure of Larix gmelinii artificial forests in semi-arid regions, enhance wood production and ecological service functions, and is an effective way to achieve near-natural management. This paper provides a reference for the near-natural management of regional artificial forests.
Based on forestry production practice, this paper reviewed the biological and ecological characteristics, cultivation techniques, and comprehensive utilization value of Castanopsis hystrix. The current-year branches of C. hystrix are purplish brown and the biennial branches are dark brown to black; the leaves are papery or thinly leathery and lanceolate, and the nuts are broadly conical and glabrous. This tree mostly grows in hilly areas and mountain foothills, and prefers humid tropical and subtropical monsoon climates. In terms of cultivation techniques, seeds certified or recognized as forest improved varieties should be selected, and shriveled and worm-eaten seeds should be eliminated by flotation. The selected seeds are subjected to surface sterilization and insecticidal treatment with 2% potassium permanganate solution and other agents, followed by sand storage treatment. Seedbeds with acidic soil, a height of about 20 cm and a width of about 90 cm should be selected, after which the seedbed surface is leveled (with a loose soil layer of about 15 cm maintained). The seeds are subjected to constant temperature wet sand stratification for 60 to 80 days to promote germination. Seedling propagation can be realized by sowing, cutting, grafting, tissue culture rapid propagation and other methods, and it is necessary to strengthen shading, sun protection, water and fertilizer management at the seedling stage. For stand cultivation, site conditions with acidic red soil, yellow soil or latosol red soil are preferred; site clearing should be completed 2 to 3 months before afforestation, with strip or hole soil preparation adopted. Afforestation is conducted in February to March with healthy afforestation seedlings of more than 1.5 years old that have well-developed root systems, vigorous growth, no diseases and pests and no tree body damage. Planting patterns such as C. hystrix pure stands and C. hystrix coniferous-broadleaved mixed stands can be adopted, and tending management measures such as weeding and thinning should be well implemented. Sprout thinning is carried out when the sprouts grow to about 1 m in height after felling. The common diseases and pests of C. hystrix include leaf blight, root rot, leaf rollers, cockchafer and so on, which can be controlled by integrated measures such as agricultural, physical, biological and chemical control. In addition, this tree possesses value in wood processing, fruit development and utilization as well as the ecological functional value in mixed forest establishment, with great potential for comprehensive utilization. This paper provides a reference for the cultivation and utilization of C. hystrix.
To investigate the growth rhythms of two-year-old Pinus hwangshanensis, Pinus massoniana and hybrid pine in Jiuhua Mountain area, this study adopted a randomized block design and conducted sowing and seedling cultivation experiments on these 3 tree species groups in the same nursery plot. The dynamic changes of seedling height were continuously observed and recorded. The results showed that the total growth volume of one-year-old seedlings of the 3 pine species accounted for 30.62%, 29.98% and 21.14% of the total growth volume in two years, respectively. The growth rhythms of all 3 species were characterized by a relatively small growth amount in the first year, and a significantly higher growth amount in the second year compared to the first year. 3 rapid growth periods occurred during the seedling stage for all 3 species, and the overall growth process of plant height followed the “S” curve characteristics. There were differences in the total growth volume among the 3 species, and the total growth volume of seedling height from largest to smallest was Pinus massoniana > Pinus hwangshanensis > hybrid pine. This study provides a reference for the cultivation of artificial forest seedlings of pine, seedling management during the seedling stage, and the selection of high quality seedlings.
This study investigated the runoff and sediment yield patterns of Shajiang black soil through artificial simulated rainfall experiments under varying rainfall intensities (40, 60, 80 mm/h) and slope gradients (2°, 4°, 6°, 8°). The results showed that the initial runoff time was negatively correlated with both rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Specifically, it followed a binary polynomial function with rainfall intensity and a power function with slope gradient. The runoff rate changed with rainfall duration as follows: it rose rapidly in the initial stage, transitioned through an inflection point that occurred earlier on steeper slopes, and then entered a stable fluctuation phase where the amplitude increased with greater rainfall intensity. Under the rainfall intensity of 80 mm/h, the maximum runoff rate reached 30 L/min. Similarly, the sediment yield rate exhibited a rapid increase initially, passed an earlier inflection point on steeper slopes, and then attained a quasi-steady state during the stable fluctuation phase. Higher rainfall intensities led to more pronounced oscillations, and as the erosion process approached equilibrium, the sediment yield rate tended to stabilize. The peak sediment yield was recorded at 1 103 g/min under an 8° slope and 80 mm/h rainfall intensity. Furthermore, the regression equations established for total runoff and sediment yield indicated that slope gradient had a greater influence on runoff volume than rainfall intensity, whereas rainfall intensity exerted a stronger effect on sediment yield than slope gradient.
This article selected the city of Deyang in Sichuan Province, which has diverse landforms (including mountains, hills and plains), as the research case. The characteristics, control achievements, and existing shortcomings of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region were analyzed, and targeted countermeasures were proposed. Research findings indicate that agricultural non-point source pollution in the study area exhibits distinct regional disparities, differentiation in pollution types between crop farming and livestock breeding, and significant influences from intensification levels. Currently, phased achievements have been made in the management of pesticides and packaging waste, chemical fertilizers, manure pollution, crop straw, used agricultural films, and the improvement of rural living environments. However, attention must be focused on areas such as governance systems and collaborative mechanisms, public awareness and the demand for source reduction, market systems for the resource utilization of agricultural waste, the cost of applicable technologies and the affordability of small- and medium-scale operators, as well as geographic and topographic constraints and straw disposal requirements. Based on this, specific countermeasures are proposed, including establishing multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms; enhancing publicity, education, and public guidance through the combination of new media and offline training; establishing a classified recycling and utilization system supported by incentives to ensure sustainable operation; addressing odor issues from manure in small- and medium-scale farms through delineating breeding areas and promoting odor control technologies; and implementing precise control over straw burning by accurately designating burning areas and periods, strengthening process management, and promoting the utilization of plant ash. These measures provide a reference for promoting the regulation of agricultural non-point source pollution and sustainable agricultural development in relevant regions.
To control northern corn leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) and southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis)，a survey on the incidence of these diseases in different maize varieties was conducted in Lanling County, Shandong Province from 2021 to 2023. Using the dipping method, the Weizhanjing adjuvant was added to 25% pyraclostrobin (600 mL/hm⊃2;) and 60% pyraclostrobin·metiram (900 g/hm⊃2;) at volume fractions of 0, 0.05%, 0.067%, 0.100%, and 0.200% respectively. The maximum stable retention of the 2 fungicides on maize leaves was determined, and field efficacy trials of the fungicides were also carried out. The survey results showed that different maize varieties varied in resistance to northern and southern corn leaf blight, and planting resistant (tolerant) varieties was a key measure to reduce disease severity. The maximum holding capacity test of the agent showed that, with the increase in Weizhanjing adjuvant, the maximum stable retention of 60% pyraclostrobin·metiram and 25% pyraclostrobin on maize leaves first increased and then decreased. When the addition amount was 0.067%, the maximum stable retention of 60% pyraclostrobin·metiram increased to 10.938 mg/cm⊃2;, a 106.1% increase compared to the treatment without Weizhanjing adjuvant. When the addition amount was 0.100%, the maximum stable retention of 25% pyraclostrobin reached 10.710 mg/cm⊃2;, a 73.0% increase compared to the control. Field efficacy trials indicated that both fungicides had certain inhibitory effects on corn leaf blight in all treatments, and the field efficacy of the treatment with WeizhanJing (treatment 4) was 3.5 percentage points higher than that of the untreated control (treatment 3). In conclusion, for the management of northern and southern corn leaf blight in production, it is necessary to scientifically select disease-resistant varieties, implement appropriate early sowing cultivation measures, and add the adjuvant Weizhanjing adjuvant to fungicides to increase the maximum stable retention of the agents, thereby improving control efficacy.
To understand the occurrence of diseases and pests in greenhouse strawberry in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, strawberry disease and pest investigations were carried out at three experimental sites from September 2023 to August 2004 using the random five-point sampling method. The growth status and the occurrence of diseases and pests on strawberry plants were recorded. During the peak occurrence period of diseases and pests, observations were carried out every 7 days, and the incidence rate, disease index, percentage of infested plants, and pest index were documented. The results showed that the main diseases and pests of greenhouse strawberries in the study area included gray mold, powdery mildew, anthracnose, root rot, aphids and spider mites. In terms of occurrence status, the disease indices of gray mold, powdery mildew, root rot and anthracnose at experimental site 2 were 46.50, 40.66, 36.67 and 34.07, respectively; those at experimental site 3 were 40.83, 36.33, 35.80 and 34.55, respectively; and those at experimental site 1 were 33.17, 35.83, 29.15 and 29.92, respectively. The insect indices of spider mites and aphids at experimental site 2 were 38.18 and 32.67, respectively; those at experimental site 3 were 31.60 and 34.00, respectively; and those at experimental site 1 were 30.74 and 28.50, respectively. In terms of infection regularity, gray mold infested all above-ground parts of strawberry plants, with the most severe damage to fruits. Powdery mildew mostly infected strawberry leaves and fruits by mycelia or conidia, and could also damage petioles, calyxes and pedicels in severe cases. Red stele root rot mainly damaged strawberry roots, and severe infection would cause root rot and subsequent whole plant death. Adult aphids sucked sap from tender heart leaves, leaf undersides and petioles, resulting in twisting, deformation and curling of strawberry leaves. Spider mites mostly gathered on the leaf undersides of strawberry; at the early infestation stage, white spots appeared on the leaves and gradually turned red, and the leaves showed a rust-colored appearance in severe cases. Growth conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, ventilation), strawberry cultivars (e.g., yield potential, disease and pest resistance) and cultural management (e.g., fertilizer and water management, cultivation management) all had certain effects on the occurrence severity of diseases and pests. In terms of disease and pest control, targeted measures should be adopted according to local conditions, and agricultural, physical, biological and chemical control measures should be comprehensively applied to control diseases such as gray mold and powdery mildew, as well as insect pests such as spider mites and aphids. This study provides a reference for the investigation, control and prevention of strawberry diseases and pests in similar areas.
To screen high-efficiency fungicides suitable for the control of potato late blight, Favorita was used as the tested potato cultivar, and the control efficacy of the fungicides was evaluated by combining indoor bioactivity assay with field trial. The mycelial growth inhibition method was adopted for the indoor bioactivity assay. A total of 12 treatments including 500 g/L fluazinam SC (Fushuaide, T1) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/L, 500 g/L fluazinam SC (Banglu, T2) at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/L, and 80% mancozeb WG (T3) at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/L were set in this study. The inhibition rates of different fungicides were determined, and their toxicological effects were evaluated. A field experiment was conducted with 12 treatments, including 500 g/L fluazinam SC (Shuaifude) at 32 g/667 m⊃2; (T1), 500 g/L fluazinam SC (BangLu) at 32 g/667 m⊃2; (T2), 80% mancozeb WG at 90 g/667 m⊃2; (T3). A clear water control (CK) was set simultaneously, and the disease index and field control efficacy of each fungicide were assessed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the inhibitory effects of different fungicides on Phytophthora infestans. T7 （25% pyraclostrobin SC) exhibited the optimal inhibitory effect with an EC₅₀ value of 0.367 6 mg/L, followed by T9 (23.4% mandipropamid SC) and T5 (50% azoxystrobin WG) with EC₅₀ values of 0.438 6 mg/L and 0.845 9 mg/L, respectively. The field control efficacies of T1, T7 (25% pyraclostrobin SC 27 g/667 m⊃2;) and T9 (23.4% mandipropamid SC at 32 g/667 m⊃2;） against potato late blight all exceeded 90%, among which T9 achieved the highest efficacy (95.41%). In addition, T2, T3, T5 (50% azoxystrobin WG at 40 g/667 m⊃2;) and T12 (687.5 g/L fluopicolide·propamocarb SC at 88 g/667 m⊃2;) also showed favorable control effects with their field efficacies all above 80%. Comprehensive analysis indicated that 25% pyraclostrobin SC, 23.4% mandipropamid SC and 50% azoxystrobin WG presented excellent comprehensive performance, with their EC₅₀ values all below 1 mg/L in the toxicological assay and field control efficacies over 80%. These fungicides can be recommended as the preferred options for the prevention and control of potato late blight.
To investigate the control efficacy of 50% dimethomorph and 53% Ridomil Gold-MZ against black shank of burley tobacco, Eyan No. 1 was used as the test material, and 5 treatments were set up, including 50% dimethomorph (T1), 53% Ridomil Gold-MZ (T2), 50% dimethomorph + 53% Ridomil Gold-MZ + 50% dimethomorph (T3), 72.2% propamocarb (T4), and clear water as the control (CK). The key growth stages including transplanting stage, vigorous growth stage, topping stage and maturity stage were recorded, and the agronomic traits (maximum leaf length, leaf width and effective leaf number), disease incidence and economic traits of tobacco plants were investigated. The results showed that except for slight differences at the rosulate stage, the other growth stages were basically consistent among all treatments, and the field growth period was also identical, at 105 days. After topping, the tobacco plants in T3 had larger leaves and more effective leaves. At 10 days after application, the disease incidence in T3 was significantly lower than that of other treatments (P<0.05); the disease incidence in T3 increased at 30 days after application, which was slightly higher than that of T2 but still remained at a relatively low level compared with other treatments. The cured tobacco leaves in T2 and T3 had higher yield, average price, output value, as well as the proportion of top-grade and medium-grade tobacco. Comprehensively considering the resistance risk of dimethomorph and the price of fungicides, the fungicide combination of 50% dimethomorph + 53% Ridomil Gold-MZ + 50% dimethomorph (T3) is considered for the control of tobacco black shank disease in tobacco production, and its efficacy remains to be further verified.
The microbial control, botanical pesticide management, and their synergistic control strategies with chemical agents for northern corn leaf blight were systematically elaborated. In terms of microbial control, biocontrol fungi (such as Trichoderma and Clonostachys), bacteria (such as Bacillus and Paenibacillus), and actinomycetes were demonstrated to function through multiple mechanisms, including antagonism, mycoparasitism, secretion of antimicrobial substances, and induction of plant resistance. Botanical pesticides (e.g., extracts from Sophora flavescens and Mikania micrantha) and plant immune regulators (e.g., alginate oligosaccharides) were shown to directly inhibit pathogens and activate the plant’s own defense system, offering both disease control and growth-promoting effects. In terms of synergistic control strategies, the scientific combination of biocontrol agents (such as Trichoderma and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) with selective chemical pesticides was found to form a complementary control system. This approach not only enhanced control efficacy but also effectively reduced the input of chemical pesticides. Future research should promote the large-scale application of related control technologies through precise screening, optimization of synergistic strategies, and integration of comprehensive techniques. This article provides a reference for the prevention and control of maize diseases and pests.
Sanghuang is a traditional medicinal fungus, mainly including 4 common species: Sanghuangporus sanghuang, Sanghuangporus vaninii, Sanghuangporus baumii and Inonotus hispidus. To clarify the differences in their main active components and the adaptability of their extraction processes, this study systematically reviews the pharmacological effects of the 3 main active components (polysaccharides, polyphenols and terpenoids) and the characteristics of their corresponding extraction processes. The results showed that Sanghuang polysaccharides exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities; Sanghuang polyphenols mainly displayed antioxidant, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic effects, among which the polyphenols from Sanghuangporus baumii had potential value for dietary intervention in type 2 diabetes; Sanghuang terpenoids focused on antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. In terms of extraction processes, the ultrasonic-hot water synergistic method and enzymatic method achieved relatively high yields (1.3%-5.5%) in polysaccharide extraction and were suitable for the preparation of high-purity polysaccharides; as an emerging green technology, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) method for polyphenol extraction obtained an extraction rate 1.5-1.9 times that of traditional methods; the ultrasonic-ethanol method and in-situ extraction fermentation method (with a yield of 14-19 g/L) showed strong applicability in terpenoid extraction. In conclusion, this study clarified the characteristics of active components and the adaptability of extraction processes among different Sanghuang species, sorted out the features and application scenarios of various extraction methods, and provided references for the efficient development and utilization of Sanghuang resources.
To explore the preparation method of epoxy resin embedded specimens of adult butterfly 5 types of epoxy resin AB glue mixtures (starry sky epoxy resin, clear ice epoxy resin, gem epoxy resin, high-transparency epoxy resin and mixed crystal epoxy resin) were prepared at a mass ratio of 3∶1. Papilio xuthus was selected for the preparation of embedded specimens to screen out the suitable epoxy resin type. Furthermore, embedded specimens were fabricated from dried adult specimens of representative species belonging to Pieridae, Papilionidae and Satyridae, the characteristic differences among the above specimens were analyzed, and the quality of the embedded specimens was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the dried specimens, the Papilio xuthus specimens prepared with the 5 aforementioned epoxy resin AB glues all presented partial dissolution and discoloration of wing scales. Among them, the specimens made with clear ice epoxy resin had the slightest changes, and their morphological characteristics were the closest to those of the dried specimens. For the specimens of Pieridae prepared with clear ice epoxy resin, the orange-yellow spots on the hindwings were severely dissolved with only the outlines remaining, and the black scales on the hindwing margins also suffered severe dissolution and discoloration. In contrast, the wing scales of the representative Satyridae specimens prepared with clear ice epoxy resin had slight dissolution, showing a small difference in morphological effect from the dried specimens. In conclusion, clear ice epoxy resin is suitable for the embedding preparation of specimens from Papilionidae adults and Satyridae adults. Appropriate types of epoxy AB adhesive should be selected for the embedding preparation of adult butterfly specimens.
This article systematically reviewed the hypoglycemic activity mechanism of plant polysaccharides from the perspective of regulating carbohydrate hydrolysis, hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In terms of regulating carbohydrate hydrolysis, polysaccharides such as those from Tremella aurantialba and dark tea were found to effectively inhibit the activities of intestinal α-amylase and α-glucosidase, thereby delaying starch decomposition and glucose absorption and reducing postprandial blood glucose. Regarding liver metabolism regulation, polysaccharides were demonstrated to function bidirectionally: on one hand, they regulated key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, such as by activating glucokinase and inhibiting gluconeogenic enzymes, promoting glucose utilization and glycogen synthesis; on the other hand, they activated insulin signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, enhancing glucose uptake by hepatocytes and improving insulin resistance. In the regulation of lipid metabolism, glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and apple pomace polysaccharide have been shown to significantly improve lipid abnormalities associated with diabetes, lowering levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. This alleviation of lipotoxicity indirectly improved insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were identified as important auxiliary pathways through which polysaccharides exert their functions, which can reduce inflammation mediated insulin resistance by downregulating the levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, inhibiting chronic inflammatory responses; simultaneously enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, clearing free radicals, and reducing oxidative stress damage to pancreatic beta cells. Furthermore, plant polysaccharides can also synergistically exert hypoglycemic effects by regulating the neuroendocrine axis and inhibiting the expression of intestinal glucose transporter genes. This paper provides a reference for the exploration of hypoglycemic active substances from plant resources.
To investigate the status of aquatic plant resources in the Suzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, this study adopted field investigation methods. 6 sampling sites were randomly selected in the water area and wetland areas within 500 meters of the bank in the Suzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and investigations and analyses were conducted on the floristic composition, species diversity, phenological cycle and distribution of invasive alien plants of aquatic plants. The survey results showed that a total of 47 species of aquatic plants were recorded in this reach, belonging to 41 genera and 30 families, covering 5 life forms including submerged, free-floating, emergent, hygrophytic and floating-leaved plants. Among them, hygrophytic plants (19 species) were the most, while floating-leaved plants (5 species) were the fewest. The floristic components were complex and diverse, dominated by cosmopolitan elements (51.2% of genera and 53.2% of species), and temperate and tropical elements complemented each other synergistically to jointly maintain the diversity of aquatic plants in the region. The phenological cycle had distinct characteristics with obvious seasonal variations, endowing the aquatic plants with high ornamental value. 5 species of invasive alien plants were found, which had not broken out on a large scale yet but posed certain potential ecological risks. The results showed that this reach had a richer diversity of aquatic plant species. Hydrocotyle verticillata and Cabomba caroliniana had established stable populations in study area through natural and anthropogenic dispersal. Based on the research results, strategies for landscape improvement of this reach were put forward from 5 dimensions: community structure optimization, invasive plant prevention and control, water quality improvement, integration of ecology and human culture, and long-term scientific research and management. This study provided a reference for the protection of aquatic plant resources in similar regions.
In response to the need to improve the efficiency of cotton disease and pest detection, this paper proposed an enhanced detection model named YOLOv5sMBT, based on YOLOv5s, for identifying cotton diseases and pests in leaf images. The model incorporates 3 key improvements over the original YOLOv5s framework: a multi-scale feature extraction network (Multi-scale) was constructed to enhance feature extraction capabilities; and a Transformer attention mechanism was integrated between the feature extraction network and the neck network, combined with the C3 module to form C3TR, thereby improving the model’s attention to target features; a BiFPN (Bidirectional feature pyramid network) structure was introduced to efficiently fuse shallow and deep features. A dataset of 2 179 leaf images covering 4 common cotton diseases and pests (Nesidiocoris tenuis, spider mite, wilting, aphid) was used for validation. The dataset was split into training, validation, and test sets in a 3∶1∶1 ratio. Experimental results showed that the YOLOv5sMBT model achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.838, outperforming the original model (mAP of 0.799). This study provides a reference for the intelligent detection of cotton diseases and pests.
To address the inadequate connection between the training of interdisciplinary agricultural talents and industrial demands, this paper took talent cultivation for the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Application and Maintenance major in vocational colleges as the research object. It reviewed the development status from 3 aspects: curriculum system, teaching staff, and practical training venues, and proposed targeted optimization paths for talent cultivation. The major still had room for improvement in updating curriculum content, cultivating interdisciplinary teachers, and constructing intelligent agricultural machinery training facilities. Accordingly, 3 optimization paths were put forward: first, it promoted the in-depth integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, embedded core agronomy courses, developed interdisciplinary practical training projects and built “field classrooms”. Second, it strengthened the construction of the double-qualified teacher team, established a two-way flow mechanism for “teachers-engineers”, and deepened the mutual employment and joint training of personnel between colleges and enterprises. Third, it constructed a virtual simulation practical training base for agricultural machinery, made up for the shortcomings of practical operation relying on VR/AR technology and built a regional resource library for colleges and enterprises. Practice showed that the training paths effectively promoted the continuous optimization of the teaching quality of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Application and Maintenance major to a certain extent. From 2024 to 2025, students won 1 national bronze award and 4 various provincial awards in agricultural machinery skill competitions; teachers approved 7 reform projects at all levels in the field of agricultural machinery, achieved excellent results in professional skill competitions and won relevant honorary titles. This paper provides a reference for the cultivation of agricultural talents in relevant colleges and universities.
To improve the teaching quality of the Field Practice of Biology, this study combined the resource endowments of the Yellow River Delta region, and aimed at the aspects to be enhanced in the current teaching of this course, such as the arrangement of practice duration, the investment in practical teaching funds, the scale of the professional instructor team, and the adaptability of practice content to the local natural environment. It constructed targeted optimization strategies from 5 dimensions, namely selection of practice bases and routes, practice preparation, practice form, practice process and content, and practice assessment methods. Specifically, the research established a preparation system combining virtual simulation and pre-practice, built 5 school-enterprise cooperative practice bases covering three major ecosystems: mountainous areas, wetlands, and oceans, standardized the group-based practice form, designed 5-day targeted practice content consistent with regional characteristics, and set up a diversified comprehensive assessment method. These measures effectively optimized the practice teaching model. Teaching reform practices showed that the number of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, discipline competitions and laboratory open projects applied for by students and the frequency of awards winning increased year by year, and professional teachers and industrial instructors jointly compiled and published a number of monographs related to field practice. This paper provides a reference for the teaching reform of relevant field practice courses.
To optimize the teaching effect of the Biochemistry course, this study constructed an implementation scheme of online and offline blended teaching for the Biochemistry course and carried out empirical teaching research. The scheme covered the entire teaching process including pre-class preparation, in-class learning and after-class extension. In the pre-class stage, teachers formed a complementary division of labor to build an adaptive online resource system, and assisted students in efficient preview with the help of AI teaching assistants and the chaoxing learning platform. In the in-class stage, offline classroom interaction was strengthened, the classroom atmosphere was activated based on the platform, and the teaching process was optimized in combination with specific chapters. In the after-class stage, cutting-edge content and test resources were pushed, and targeted tutoring was provided through AI teaching assistants. Meanwhile, AI teaching assistants were integrated into the entire teaching chain, and a full-process assessment and evaluation system was established, in which the total score was composed of 50% process-based assessment and 50% final exam scores, with the process-based assessment covering 5 dimensions including chapter tests, online learning and classroom interaction. The empirical research was conducted on 90 students from 4 undergraduate classes of the 2022 and 2023 grades. The results showed that 99.52% of the students completed online learning and self-assessment on time, and the participation rate in offline discussions reached 98.55%. The average score of students in the final exam increased from 72.30 to 80.84, the excellent rate rose from 17.60% to 36.14%, and the achievement degree of the course teaching objectives reached more than 0.856. After the introduction of AI teaching assistants, the frequency of classroom interaction increased by 47%, the homework feedback cycle was shortened to one fifth of that of the traditional mode, and the students won many awards in various academic competitions. This study provided a reference for the blended teaching reform of similar courses.
This study combined the characteristics of the Food Science and Engineering major with industrial demands, sorted out the optimization directions for the cultivation of innovative and practical talents in this major, and put forward targeted cultivation strategies. At that time, the talent cultivation of this major needed to be further improved in 3 aspects: the adaptability between talent cultivation and industrial development needed to be enhanced, the supporting role of the curriculum system for the cultivation of practical talents needed to be strengthened, and students’ innovative awareness needed to be continuously explored. Based on this, targeted cultivation paths were proposed from 3 dimensions: first, improving the talent training program, clarifying the training objective of compound innovative talents, and optimizing the training system regularly in light of industrial development trends; second, optimizing the curriculum system, strengthening innovation and practice-oriented teaching, integrating virtual simulation technology, interdisciplinary knowledge and characteristic experiments of local industries, and reconstructing curriculum content with both foundational and innovative attributes; third, building a diversified innovative practice platform, relying on university-enterprise cooperation and on-campus training bases, and guiding students to participate in scientific research projects and discipline competitions. The practical results showed that after the implementation of this training path, the proportion of professional practical teaching increased steadily, and students’ innovative practical ability and comprehensive literacy were significantly enhanced. The major won 1 national award and 1 provincial gold award in the “internet +” college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship competition, 4 awards in the national college students’ life science competition, 25 awards in various provincial competitions and 156 innovation and creativity awards related to the food industry. In addition, 15 national and 29 provincial college student’ innovation and entrepreneurship training programs were approved, and students published 9 scientific research papers as the first authors. This paper provided a reference for talent cultivation in the Food Science and Engineering major and similar majors.
To improve the teaching quality of the Microbial Engineering course and students’ comprehensive literacy, this study carried out practical teaching reform practice based on the OBE concept. The reform was carried out around 6 dimensions, namely curriculum content, teaching methods, experimental teaching, factory practice, scientific research cooperation and ideological and political education. The curriculum content was optimized by adjusting the class hours of theoretical and experimental teaching, implementing modular design and supplementing cutting-edge content. The teaching methods were updated by adopting 3 teaching models: online-offline blended teaching, problem and case-driven teaching, and the combination of virtual and real teaching. The experimental teaching was innovated by constructing an experimental system integrating project-oriented teaching and virtual simulation. Factory practice was strengthened by establishing a full-process practice model. Attention was paid to scientific research cooperation by guiding students to participate in scientific research projects and discipline competitions. Ideological and political construction was enhanced by integrating ideological and political elements into the whole process of course teaching. The practical results showed that students’ autonomous learning ability was significantly improved, with the passing rate of the final exam rising from 80.26% to 89.21% and the course achievement degree reaching 0.80. A total of 21 college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship projects were approved, 18 awards in various discipline competitions were won, and more than 10 academic papers were published. Students’ abilities in communication, problem analysis and problem-solving were obviously enhanced. This paper provides a reference for the teaching reform of relevant courses.
This article summarized the current development status of crop breeding in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and employed the SWOT analysis model to systematically examine its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and targeted countermeasures were proposed accordingly. The study area was found to be primarily based on conventional breeding techniques, with modern biotechnologies requiring further deepening. The SWOT analysis results indicated that, internal strengths were identified in the solid foundation of specialized agriculture (potatoes and medicinal herbs), extensive social collaborations, and rich germplasm resources. Internal weaknesses were reflected in water scarcity, a homogeneous industrial structure, and a shortage of technical talent. External opportunities included industrial funding support, a well-established logistics system, significant market expansion potential, and significant achievements in technology cooperation platforms. External challenges involved high initial investment, financing difficulties, low efficiency in technology transfer, lagging development of resource databases, and competitive pressures in the seed industry. Based on these findings, development strategies were focused on three aspects: first, industrial guidance and financial investment were strengthened, with specialized funds established to support R&D and promotion; second, platform construction and talent cultivation were enhanced, including the establishment of digital germplasm resource databases and key laboratories, as well as the training and recruitment of interdisciplinary technical teams; third, industry-academia-research collaboration and technological innovation were deepened, international cooperation was expanded, and molecular breeding technologies were applied to develop stress-resistant, high yield, and high-value-added varieties, thereby promoting industrial chain upgrading. This paper provides a reference for regional seed industry revitalization and high-quality agricultural development.
This article analyzed the current situation of tobacco leaf production in Guizhou Province and identified the areas that need improvement in the application process of the industrial enterprises. Specific optimization measures were proposed in response. The study area is one of the important tobacco leaf production regions, and the characteristic tobacco leaves have “sweet and fragrant” and “clear and sweet” as their core styles. However, at present, some of the tobacco production in industrial enterprises needs to pay particular attention to aspects such as style stability, chemical composition matching, and cultivation management, which makes it difficult for them to precisely meet the refined demands of industrial enterprises for raw materials. Based on this, the following customized production technology optimization measures were proposed: through soil improvement, large-scale planting and precise formulation techniques, the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves was enhanced; optimize the planting density of tobacco and nitrogen fertilizer management, highlighting the unique style characteristics of the tobacco; the maturity of tobacco leaf harvest and the implementation of precise fertilization technology were strictly controlled to increase the usability of the tobacco leaves. These measures can effectively improve the adaptability and stability of tobacco leaves, providing technical support for the high quality development of tobacco.
This study took the pepper industry in Baofeng County, Henan Province as the research object, adopted field investigation and literature analysis methods to sort out its industrial development status, identify areas for improvement, and proposed optimization strategies. Relying on natural, geographical advantages, Baofeng County’s pepper industry has reached a planting scale of 540 hm⊃2;, forming a dominant “wheat-pepper intercropping”pattern，and a sales model combining purchase and order planting. However, there remain deficiencies in industrial factor input, deep processing capacity, market and brand building, and interest linkage. Accordingly, the following development strategies are proposed: expanding the planting scale, strengthening the mechanization support, improving infrastructure, and establishing a financial support system to increase the input of production factors; fostering leading enterprises in deep processing, enhancing cooperation between industry and research, and developing deep processing; expanding sales markets and channels, promoting standardized planting and brand building; and strengthening the connection of interests through cooperative methods such as order-based planting. This paper provides a reference for the high quality development of the local pepper industry.
