Luoyu 16 is a maize variety developed through pedigree selection, using the inbred line Luo 7007 as the female parent and the introduced line Changgai 3 as the male parent. It was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2019 (Guoshenyu 20190309). Based on data from the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize regional trials (2017-2018) and production trials (2018) conducted by the Henan Agricultural Consortium, this study analyzed the high yield, yield stability, adaptability, and stress resistance of Luoyu 16 using indicators such as coefficient of variation, high-stability coefficient and adaptability index. The results showed that during the period 2017–2018 regional trials and production trials, the yield of Luoyu 16 ranged from 9 456.0 to 10 287.0 kg/hm², representing a 7.7%–8.3% increase compared to the CK, Zhengdan 958, with an average yield increase rate of 89.8%. The coefficient of variation ranged from 13.7% to 16.3%, the high-stability coefficient ranged from 82.0% to 85.0%, and the adaptability index ranged from 48.6% to 60.0%. The ratio of ear height to plant height was 0.409, the average lodging and breaking rate was 2.1%, and the variety exhibited moderate resistance to stalk rot, ear rot, and southern leaf blight. In conclusion, the maize variety Luoyu 16 demonstrates favorable high yield, yield stability, adaptability, and stress tolerance, indicating high potential for promotion and utilization.
To select high yield and high quality potato varieties suitable for cultivation in the eastern region of Liaoning Province, this experiment used the local main variety Favorita as the control, and selected 7 introduced varieties such as Zhongshu 321, Zhongshu 362, and Zhongshu 363 to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the adaptability of the varieties (lines). The comprehensive performance of each variety, including phenological period, agronomic traits, yield and internal quality, was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the growth period of Longshu 30 was 83 days, making it a medium-to-early maturing variety. The plant height was 48.4 cm, with green stems, green leaves, white corollas, abundant flowers, high fruit setting rate, short creeping stems, a flat and round potato shape, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, shallow eyelets, the yield of the commodity grade was 85.3%, and a yield of 3 591.8 kg/667 m2. The reducing sugar content was low and the protein content was high. Zhengcaishu No.11 had a growth period of 78 days and was a early maturing variety. Its plant height was 48.7 cm. The stems were purple, the leaves were green, the corolla was deep purple, the flowers were abundant, the yield rate was high, the creeping stems were short, the tubers were elliptical in shape, the skin was purple, the flesh was purple with a hint of white, the bud eyes were shallow, the commercial tuber rate was 83.9%, and the yield was 3 278.3 kg/667 m2. The dry matter content was the highest, and the protein content was slightly higher than that of the control variety. In summary, Longshu 30 and Zhengcaishu No.11 had excellent comprehensive performance and can be further promoted for demonstration and cultivation.
To explore the effects of different ratios of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on winter wheat yield and benefits, Jimai 22 was used as the material, 5 treatments were set up: conventional fertilization (CK), optimized fertilization (T1), organic-inorganic fertilizer combined with 10% of alternative chemical fertilizer (T2), organic-inorganic fertilizer combined with 20% of alternative chemical fertilizer (T3), and organic-inorganic fertilizer combined with 30% of alternative chemical fertilizer (T4). The biological characteristics, yield, and economic benefits of wheat in each treatment were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height of T1-T4 treatments ranged from 71.3-73.4 cm, the number of tillers per plant ranged from 4.8-6.8, the effective number of wheat ears ranged from 5.745 million to 6.255 million ears/hm2, and the thousand grain weight ranged from 40.9-45.5 g, all of which were superior to CK. The yield of each treatment ranged from 7 859.55-9 317.55 kg/hm2, with T3 treatment having the highest yield. In terms of economic benefits, the net income of each treatment ranged from 17 068.85 to 19 062.75 yuan/hm2, with T3 and T4 treatments increasing by 6.89%, 5.87% compared to CK. Taking into account factors such as yield and benefits, the suitable proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer for winter wheat is 20%.
This paper introduced the integrated drip irrigation and fertigation technology for wheat in Anyang City, Henan Province, from the aspects of variety selection, fine land preparation, drip irrigation equipment installation and layout, as well as scientific sowing. In production, semi-winter wheat varieties with water-saving, drought-tolerant, high and stable yield, and mechanical harvesting suitability are recommended, such as Anmai 1350. Fields with loose soil and strong water and nutrient retention capacity are selected for rotary tillage and land preparation. Drip irrigation systems (main hub and water pipeline network) are laid parallel to the planting direction using shallow burial or surface layout. Sowing should be carried out timely from October 5 to 25 when the relative soil moisture content in the plow layer is no less than 70%, with a sowing depth of 3–5 cm and a seeding rate of 8–15 kg/666.7 m². The integrated water and fertilizer management of wheat should follow the principle of “small amount and frequent application with balanced nutrition”. Water and fertilizer management for overwintering should be implemented in early December based on seedling investigation. No topdressing is required for class-Ⅰ seedlings, while urea at 3–4 kg/666.7 m² should be applied with overwintering irrigation for class-Ⅱ and class-Ⅲ seedlings. From the regreening and jointing stage to the filling stage, appropriate irrigation volume should be applied according to soil moisture content at different growth stages, combined with split topdressing of urea and potassium fertilizer. Meanwhile, maintenance of irrigation equipment should be performed, including filter cleaning and pipeline inspection. Weed control is conducted using 30 g/L mesosulfuron-methyl OD and 20% fluroxypyr EC, etc. Diseases and pests such as sharp eyespot and aphids are controlled with 20% imidacloprid WP and 5% abamectin SC, etc. Harvesting is performed from late wax maturity to early full maturity when the grain moisture content is below 13%. This study offers technical references for integrated drip irrigation and fertigation in wheat cultivation for similar regions.
Based on the wheat planting practice in Huainan City, Anhui Province, this paper systematically analyzed the current situation of wheat production and the weak links in cultivation, and proposed targeted technical optimization strategies. Wheat production in the study area is dominated by semi-winter wheat with a typical rice-wheat rotation system. Integrated farming and sowing technologies including deep tillage, fertilization, seeding and soil compaction have been widely popularized, and plant protection drones and other modern pesticide application equipments have been applied for disease and pest control. Nevertheless, prominent deficiencies still exist in variety selection, sowing management, popularization of deep tillage, fertilization regulation and disease and pest control. In view of the above problems, the corresponding improvement measures were proposed. Select high quality, high yield and disease-resistant wheat varieties, such as Annong 0711 and Huacheng 3366; adopting mechanical drill seeding to improve sowing quality. The suitable sowing period for semi-winter wheat is early to mid-October with the seeding rate of 12.5-15.0 kg/667 m2; the suitable sowing period for spring wheat is from late October to early November with the seeding rate of 15 kg /667 m2. Implement deep ploughing with a depth of more than 20 cm once every 2 to 3 years. Carry out soil testing and formulated fertilization, with the application rates of 15 kg/667 m2 pure nitrogen, 6 kg/667 m2 phosphorus pentoxide, 10 kg/667 m2 potassium oxide and 1.5 kg/667 m2 zinc sulfate. Focus on the prevention and control of wheat sharp eyespot and Fusarium head blight. Benzene ether difenoconazole and thifluzamide are recommended at the returning green and jointing stage for sharp eyespot, while cyanovirin and tebuconazole are applied at the early flowering stage to control Fusarium head blight. This study can provide a scientific reference for the sustainable and high quality development of wheat industry in local areas.
Based on the characteristics of the hilly areas in Southern Hunan Province, the high yield cultivation techniques for direct-seeded cotton after rapeseed harvest from the aspects of variety selection, sowing, and water and fertilizer management were summarized. In terms of variety selection, early to mid-maturing, dense-planting-tolerant, and stress-resistant cotton varieties such as Xiang FZ031 and Xiang K28 were chosen. Regarding sowing, pre-sowing weeding was carried out, and after full-rate return of rapeseed straw to the field, fine land preparation was conducted. Early sowing was carried out within the optimal period from mid-May to May 25th. Depending on soil fertility and variety, the planting density was controlled at 3 000–4 000 plants/667 m2. After sowing, timely closed weeding was performed, followed by seedling checking and gap filling. For fertilizer and water management, the principles of controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, and increasing potassium, with light application at the early stage, heavy application at the middle stage, and supplementary application at the late stage, were followed. The core of water management was waterlogging prevention at the early stage and drought resistance at the late stage. For disease and pest control, agricultural measures were adopted as the foundation, combined with the installation of trap plants and insecticidal lamps, supplemented scientifically by chemical agents. During the seedling stage, control damping-off diseases and thrips; during the bud stage, prevent wilt disease and blind stink bug infestation; during the flowering and boll stage, manage red bollworms and cotton leaf mites. For chemical regulation and topping, mepiquat chloride was applied in stages at the seedling, budding, early flowering, and post-topping periods to control plant height at approximately 1 m. Topping was completed before August 15th, following the principle of “topping when branches reach the standard, regardless of time; topping when time arrives, regardless of branches”. For harvesting, when the natural opening rate reaches 40%, defoliant ripening agent should be sprayed to accelerate the maturation and opening process of cotton bolls. Mechanical harvesting was completed before October 15th to ensure sufficient time for the subsequent rapeseed crop, while guaranteeing dry cotton lint and good quality. This study provides a reference for efficient cotton production in the region.
To explore the effects of combined application of in-situ fermented pig manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the growth of greenhouse tomato, the tomato cultivar Fenguanjindu was used as the test material. 5 treatments were set up, including no fertilization (T1), single application of chemical fertilizer (T2), combined application of half-rate in-situ fermented pig manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (T3), combined application of full-rate in-situ fermented pig manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (T4), and reduced-rate combined application of full-rate in-situ fermented pig manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (T5). Growth indicators (plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value), yield indicators (average single fruit weight, average fruit setting number, average yield per plant, etc.), and quality indicators (vitamin C, soluble solids, soluble sugar, etc.) of tomato in each treatment were determined, and sensory evaluation of fruits was conducted. The results showed that from the initial flowering stage to the fruiting stage, there were no significant differences in plant height, stem diameter and SPAD value among the treatments with combined application of in-situ fermented pig manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (T3, T4, T5) (P>0.05). At the fruiting stage, the stem diameter of T3, T4 and T5 increased by 17.14%, 18.10% and 19.05% compared with T2, respectively; their SPAD values increased by 6.43%, 5.76% and 5.47% relative to T2. The T4 treatment achieved the highest yield, which was 10.89% higher than that of T2 treatment (P<0.05). The contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar in tomato fruits under combined application of in-situ fermented pig manure and chemical fertilizer (T3, T4, T5) were significantly higher than those under T2 treatment, while the titratable acid content was lower than that of T2 treatment (P<0.05). The T3 treatment obtained the best comprehensive sensory evaluation of tomato fruits. In conclusion, the combined application of in-situ fermented pig manure and chemical fertilizer can effectively promote plant growth, increase the yield and improve the fruit quality of greenhouse tomato.
The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of grain industrial hemp is less than 0.3%, the crude protein content is over 25%, and the oil content of the seeds is high. It has high application value in the food and chemical fields. The key technical points of the grain industrial hemp-perilla rotation cultivation model in Heilongjiang Province were summarized. In terms of land selection and preparation, grain industrial hemp requires deep and loose loam soil layers; perilla is suitable for planting on meadow soil. In terms of variety selection, grain industrial hemp uses varieties with THC content below 0.3% (such as Longdama No. 6, Longdama No. 12) from early April to mid May; perilla frutescens is selected for its suitable growth period based on accumulated temperature and sown in early to mid May. In terms of field management, grain industrial hemp is subjected to pre seedling closed weeding and post seedling manual weeding. When the seedling height is 40 cm, the ridge is closed, and scientific irrigation is carried out according to water demand during the growth period; perilla frutescens requires closed weeding, intercropping, three rounds of tillage weeding, and water and fertilizer management. The prevention and control of pests and diseases follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control. Industrial hemp focuses on the prevention and control of brown spot disease, rot disease, corn borer, etc., while perilla focuses on the prevention and control of spot blight disease, rust disease, and spider mites. In terms of harvesting and processing, grain industrial hemp is harvested, sun dried, and threshed when the seeds are 90% mature; oil perilla is harvested from late September to mid October, while leaf perilla is harvested when the plant height exceeds 50 cm. This crop rotation model can enhance farmland productivity and achieve increased yield and efficiency.This article provides a reference for improving the planting environment of crops, and solving problems such as continuous cropping obstacles in farmland.
Grafting seedling cultivation involves replacing the root system of cucumbers with resistant rootstocks, which can resist soil-borne diseases and pests. Improving the management of grafting cultivation and disease and pest control techniques has great significance for ensuring the safe production of cucumbers. This article summarized the cucumber grafting seedling cultivation and disease and pest control techniques. The grafting seedling cultivation technology mainly includes using pumpkin as the rootstock, sterilizing cucumber seeds with 50 ℃ hot water, and then placing them in a 30 ℃ environment for constant temperature germination. The grafting is carried out using the top insertion method of cucumbers. Ensure that the four leaflets of the grafted seedlings are arranged in a cross pattern; after grafting, timely shading, heating, and moisture retention treatments should be carried out. During this period, the axillary buds of the rootstock should be regularly removed. When the grafted seedlings grow to the 3-leaf 1-heart stage, they should be transplanted. The disease and pest control technology follows the agricultural protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive control”, mainly including agricultural control methods (precise regulation of temperature and humidity, selection of disease-resistant varieties, timely and scientific sowing, and reasonable crop rotation and intercropping, etc.), and physical control methods (hanging yellow boards, installing insect-killing lamps, setting up insect-proof nets, etc.), biological control (release of natural enemy insects, application of biological pesticides, etc.). This comprehensive control system is conducive to maintaining the ecological balance of farmland, promoting the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems, achieving a synergistic improvement of economic and ecological benefits, and can provide a reference for green, efficient and sustainable production of cucumbers.
Based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequence, this study analyzed the genetic diversity of 3 Cyprinus carpio varieties (pure red, pure white, and pure black) cultivated by gynogenesis using the GenBank database and MEGA 5.0 software. The results showed that the length of PCR amplification products ranged from 750 to 1 000 bp, which met the requirements for sequencing. Sequencing analysis indicated that the length of the extracted 16S rRNA gene fragment was 967 bp, with an average A+T content of 58.26%, which was higher than the G+C content (41.74%), consistent with the A and T bias characteristics of fish mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genetic distances between Cyprinus carpio Gyno Red and Cyprinus carpio Gyno Black, Cyprinus carpio Gyno Black and Cyprinus carpio Gyno White, and Cyprinus carpio Gyno White and Cyprinus carpio Gyno Red were 0.10%, 4.80%, and 5.00%, respectively; Cyprinus carpio Gyno Black and Cyprinus carpio Gyno Red had a close genetic relationship, while Cyprinus carpio Gyno White clustered independently into one branch. The research results provide references for the directional selection, genetic improvement of high quality body color strains and population evolution research of Cyprinus carpio.
This article summarizesd the cultivation techniques for intercropping Polygonatum cyrtonema in tea plantations, and analyzed the growth conditions and key active component contents of Polygonatum cyrtonema in 3 slope positions of the Camellia oleifera plantations after applying this technique. The key cultivation techniques were as follows: select tea plantation areas with deep and loose soil, medium to high fertility, good drainage and water retention conditions; carry out land management and preparation through measures such as cutting shrubs, weeding, and regulating the density of the forest; choose high quality Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings with vigorous growth, full terminal buds, plump bud eyes, and without mechanical damage or pest and disease damage； carry out the first field weeding in early May， and simultaneously implement flower removal and bud picking； both tea and Polygonatum cyrtonema fertilization mainly rely on organic and farmyard manure as the main fertilizer sources. The analysis of application effectiveness indicated that, the average diameter, average height and average fresh weight of the multi-flowered polygonatum under the three slope positions were in the order of lower slope > middle slope > upper slope. The contents of water, total ash, extractives and polysaccharides in the multi-flowered polygonatum were 9.7%, 2.5%, 83.4% and 10.4% respectively. In summary, the unique ecological environment of the Camellia oleifera forest provides ideal conditions for the high quality and high yield cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema. This article provides a reference for the standardized planting of Polygonatum cyrtonema in the forest.
This study used ‘Liaoning No.1’ walnut as the experimental material, and analyzed the growth, yield and nut quality of walnuts under planting densities of 2 m × 5 m (treatment 1), 1.5 m × 4 m, and after thinning and adjustment, 3 m × 4 m (treatment 2). The results showed that the trunk circumference and canopy width of walnut trees in treatment 1 were larger than those in treatment 2, while the tree height was smaller than that in treatment 2. The leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content of walnut leaves in treatment 2 were increased by 6.3%, 9.1%, 26.2% and 4.3% respectively compared to treatment 1. The walnut yields from the third year onwards in both planting densities increased year by year. In the sixth year, the walnut yield in treatment 2 was 216.16 kg/667 m2, which was 33.7% higher than that of treatment 1 (161.72 kg/667 m2). After the inter-row thinning of 2 trees, the cross-diameter, longitudinal diameter, side-diameter, single fruit weight and kernel yield of walnut nuts increased by 2.8%, 5.1%, 2.6%, 6.4% and 2.72 percentage points respectively compared to treatment 1. In summary, the suitable planting density for ‘Liaoning No.1’ walnut is 3 m × 4 m. This planting density can make full use of land resources and achieve the maximum economic benefits..
To promote the large-scale ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs under forests, this study systematically sorted out the technical systems of 3 ecological planting modes for under-forest medicinal herbs in Lianping County, namely under-forest planting of Ilex asprella, wild-simulated cultivation of Ganoderma lingzhi in broad-leaved forests, and compound management of Camellia oleifera and Ficus hirta. The key technical points and cultivation precautions of each mode were clarified. For Ilex asprella planting, woodlands with canopy density below 0.5, deep soil layers and good drainage were selected. Hole site preparation was adopted with a planting density ranging from 6 000 to 9 000 plants per hectare. Grade I seedlings were transplanted after spring rainfall. Physical and biological prevention methods were mainly applied during tending management, and timely harvesting was conducted in accordance with medicinal application demands. In terms of wild-simulated Ganoderma lingzhi cultivation, natural secondary forests dominated by Castanopsis hystrix and maple trees were preferred, with canopy density controlled between 0.7 and 0.8 and a cultivation density of 3 000 to 4 500 fungus sticks per hectare. Lime was spread during land preparation to prevent diseases. The under-forest environment was maintained with proper scattered light, a temperature of 25–28 ℃ and relative air humidity of 85%–90%. Two harvests were carried out annually from May to June and September to October. As for the compound management mode of camellia oleifera and Ficus hirta, Ficus hirta was intercropped synchronously with newly established Camellia oleifera forests at a density of approximately 9 000 plants per hectare. With horizontal strip land preparation and coordinated tending measures including hole fertilization, pinching and trunk shaping, rational irrigation and integrated pest control, the collaborative utilization of light energy, land resources and soil nutrients was realized. All 3 modes attached importance to ecological adaptability, standardized field management and sustainable harvesting. This research provides practical references for the large-scale ecological development of under-forest medicinal herb cultivation in relevant regions.
This study utilized land cover data of the Yellow River Basin for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and applied methods including land cover change rate, dynamic degree, and transition matrix to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land cover in the region and to explore its influencing factors. The results showed that from 1990 to 2020, the land cover types in the Yellow River Basin were dominated by cropland, forestland, and grassland. Among these, grassland was mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, accounting for 58.39% of the total area. The analysis based on the land cover dynamic degree model indicated that during the study period, bareland, impervious surfaces, and wetlands exhibited relatively obvious changes in dynamic degree, with wetlands showing the most significant change at a dynamic degree of 4.49%. The land cover transition matrix analysis revealed that both the outflow and inflow areas of cropland and grassland were substantial, with conversions mainly occurring among grassland, cropland, forestland, and bareland. This study provides a reference for ecological conservation and high quality sustainable development of the Basin.
To study the inhibitory and remediation effects of biochar and modified biochar materials on soil contaminated with exogenous cadmium, biochar (BC) was prepared from rice straw as the raw material, and modified biochar materials were prepared with HCl, NaOH and KMnO4. Four cadmium addition concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg) were set up, with a total of 16 treatments. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different modified biochars on rice yield, soil pH, soil available cadmium content and cadmium content in brown rice. The results showed that when no exogenous cadmium was added, the rice yield was the highest, and the application of exogenous cadmium would lead to a decrease in yield. The effects of different biochar additions on soil pH were different. Among them, the changes in soil pH in the H-BC and Mn-BC systems were relatively small, under different biochar addition conditions,the soil pH at the mature stage (F4) of rice was higher than that of the original soil. The available cadmium content in the soil with the addition of four types of biochar generally decreased with the growth period, among which the available cadmium content in the OH-BC system was the lowest, followed by Mn-BC, BC and H-BC. The cadmium content in brown rice with the addition of four types of biochar, OH-BC was the lowest, followed by Mn-BC, BC and H-BC. A comprehensive comparison of the four types of biochar showed that OH-BC had the best inhibitory effect on exogenous cadmium-contaminated soil under the experimental conditions, followed by Mn-BC.
To clarify the prevention and control effect of rice diseases and pests in Susong County, Anhui Province, the five-point and ten-point random sampling method was used. At each sampling point, 5 clumps were investigated for rice sheath blight, striped rice borer and rice leaf roller, 2 clumps for rice planthopper, 50 panicles for rice false smut, and weeds were surveyed within an area of 1 square meter. 5 treatment areas including the untreated blank control area, the non-control area of diseases and insect pests, the intensive chemical control area, the unified prevention and control area, and the farmer self-control area were uniformly set up. The incidence rates of diseases, insect pests and weeds, prevention and control effect, and yield were determined in each treatment area, and the contribution rate of plant protection against rice diseases, insect pests and weeds was evaluated. The results showed that in the study area, the disease indices of sheath blight and rice false smut in the intensive chemical control area and the unified prevention and control area were lower than those in the farmer self-control area, and the control effects were higher than those in the farmer self-control area; the dead heart clump rate of Chilo suppressalis, leaf rolling rate of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and insect number per 100 clumps of rice planthoppers were lower than those in the farmer self-control area, and the insect control effects were higher than those in the farmer self-control area; the weed coverage rates were 3% and 5%, with the weed control effects of 95.31% and 92.19% respectively, which were higher than those in the farmer self-control area; the yields were higher than those in other treatment areas, and the contribution rates of plant protection were 58.25% and 55.09% respectively. The county-level contribution rate of plant protection for rice diseases, insect pests and weeds in the study area was 54.25%. It is comprehensively shown that the local prevention and control of rice diseases, insect pests and weeds has achieved certain effects, which provides a reference for the evaluation of the contribution rate of plant protection in the control of rice diseases, pests and weeds in similar areas.
To investigate the effect of the Bacillus mucilaginosus concentration on the root vitality of potted strawberries, this article used the absence of bacteria as a control group. 4 different concentrations of Bacillus mucilaginosus were added [the ratio of the bacterial agent to the soil was 0.01 g/kg (B.m1), 0.1 g/kg (B.m2), 1 g/kg (B.m3), and 10 g/kg (B.m4)], and the infection rate and root vitality of the potted strawberries after different treatments were measured. The results showed that different concentrations of Bacillus mucilaginosus could all infect the roots of strawberries. The treatment with a concentration of 0.01 g/kg had the best infection effect, and formed the most mycelia and spores. The vitality of strawberry roots treated with B.m1, B.m2, B.m3, and B.m4 respectively increased by 78.1%, 85.7%, 32.4%, and 62.0% compared to the control group (CK). Among them, the improvement effects of increasing the concentrations to 0.01 and 0.1 g/kg were better. In summary, inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus can enhance the vitality of strawberry root systems, and the treatment with a concentration of 0.01 g/kg has the best effect.
To investigate the effects of leaf spot pathogen infection on physiological indices of Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaves, healthy leaves of the cultivar Zheshen No. 1 were inoculated with Alternaria alternata. Spore suspension at a concentration of 108 spores/mL as the experimental group, while sterile water was used for the control group. The dynamic changes of osmotic adjustment substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline), stress-resistant substances (hydrogen peroxide, chitinase, malondialdehyde), and antioxidant enzyme systems (catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) were continuously determined during pathogen infection. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline in Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaves increased first and then decreased after pathogen infection, and hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde contents and chitinase activity exhibited a consistent variation trend. Similarly, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also presented an upward-then-downward trend. In conclusion, the infection of Alternaria alternata activated the endogenous defense pathways and induced corresponding stress responses in leaves of Zheshen No. 1. This study provides a reference for further exploring the pathological mechanism of leaf spot disease in Pseudostellaria heterophylla.
Sicyos angulatus is a newly recorded alien plant species in Guizhou Province. This article provided an overview of its botanical characteristics, harmful features, invasion routes, etc., and proposed control strategies, with the aim of providing references for the dynamic monitoring and scientific control of prickly gourds in related areas. This plant is a large vine, with typical characteristics of the Cucurbitaceae plants, covered with hair throughout its body, and its leaves are palmately shallowly lobed like cucumber leaves; the flowers are hermaphroditic and grow in racemes or head-like cymose inflorescences, with white to pale yellowish-green corollas; the fruits are clustered, long and oval-shaped, densely covered with white hooked bristles. This species can quickly seize the habitat resources and inhibit the normal growth of native plants. Its invasion route may be the unintentional introduction caused by human activities or the spread carried by migratory birds. Currently, Sicyos angulatus is distributed in scattered and small areas in the study area. By strengthening dynamic monitoring and source quarantine, and adopting physical control methods (such as manual cutting and vine removal) and chemical control methods (such as spraying herbicides like atrazine and glufosinate-ammonium), a long-term monitoring and regional joint prevention mechanism can be established. This will enable the timely removal of the invasive population and prevent its further spread and expansion.
To screen efficient and safe fungicides for the control of Begonia macrophyllaria rust disease, this study took Begonia macrophyllaria as the research object, with spraying clear water as the control (CK). A total of 5 treatments were set up: 25% triadimefon wettable powder at 3 g/plant (T1), 43% tebuconazole suspension concentrate at 3 mL/plant (T2), 45% prochloraz microemulsion at 3 mL/plant (T3), 30% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate at 2 mL/plant (T4), and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 3 g/plant (T5). The safety of each fungicide treatment on Begonia macrophyllaria, as well as its effects on leaf photosynthetic performance and rust control efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that Begonia macrophyllaria grew well under all fungicide treatments, and no phytotoxicity was observed. All the 5 tested fungicides showed positive effects in improving the photosynthetic capacity and controlling rust of Begonia macrophyllaria. Among them, the T3 and T5 treatments had better effects. Compared with CK, the net photosynthetic rate of Begonia macrophyllaria leaves in T3 and T5 treatments increased by 35.1% and 31.6%, the SPAD value increased by 12.7% and 11.9%, and the rust disease control efficiency was 79.20% and 78.32%. In conclusion, 45% prochloraz microemulsion and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder are suitable as the preferred control fungicides for Begonia macrophyllaria rust in Tai’an area. This study provides a reference for the control of Begonia macrophyllaria rust in relevant regions.
Based on the occurrence and comprehensive prevention and control practices of citrus huanglongbing in Leiyang City, Hunan Province in 2021, this paper sorted out the current situation of prevention and control of this disease, the key links that need focus, and the optimization strategies for prevention and control. A comprehensive control system including chemical control and hierarchical training has been established in the study area. From 2022 to 2024, the average annual peak occurrence of psyllids decreased by 42% compared with 2021; the identification efficiency was improved through “popularizing knowledge + practical training”, and the average discovery cycle of newly added diseased plants in 2023 was 15 days shorter than that in 2021; the source control was strengthened through “quarantine law enforcement + mass supervision”, and the proportion of disease cases caused by unintentional transmission decreased from 35% in 2021 to 8% in 2024. However, there is still room for improvement in the construction of standardized citrus orchards, standardized introduction and variety management, technical reserve of planting entities, variety planning, and industrial support in study area. Based on this, optimization strategies for the prevention and control of this disease are proposed: coordinate multiple industrial support channels and improve the supporting system of regional citrus orchard infrastructure; construct regionally adaptable virus-free nurseries and plan dominant varieties in each township; optimize training forms and build a hierarchical training network; promote green prevention and control technologies and expand the coverage of unified prevention and control; upgrade the monitoring network and strengthen regional joint prevention. This paper provides a reference for the prevention and control of huanglongbing and the high quality development of the industry in major southern citrus-producing areas.
To enrich the strain resources of microbial fertilizer, pure culture techniques were employed for bacterial isolation. Functional screening media and the dual-culture plate method were then used to screen the isolated strains and evaluate their agricultural activities, followed by taxonomic identification. Concurrently, pot experiments were conducted to verify the growth-promoting effect of the strains， with 2 control groups including sterile water (CK1) and NB medium (CK2). T1 was the supernatant or original bacterial solution of strains cultured for 72 h, and T2 and T3 were the 10-fold and 100-fold dilutions of T1, respectively. The results showed that among the 211 isolated bacterial strains, strain YIM B11467 exhibited multiple functions, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization, and antagonism against Colletotrichum eriobotryae. Taxonomic identification confirmed that this strain belonged to Burkholderia theae. Compared with CK1 and CK2, T2 treatments improved tomato seed germination rate and whole seedling growth after germination. T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight of tomato seedlings, among which T2 performed optimally. Compared with CK1, the above indices were increased by 63.23%, 22.55%, 217.43% and 308.33%, respectively. In conclusion, strain YIM B11467 possesses multiple agricultural activities and exerts a significant growth-promoting effect on tomato plants. This strain can serve as an excellent strain resource for the research and production of microbial fertilizers.
To find out the background status of wild vascular plants resources and clarify the characteristics of species distribution in Huangshan City, this study carried out an investigation on wild vascular plants resources in the study area from 2022 to 2023 by combining field investigation (line transect method, quadrat method and reconnaissance survey method) with literature review. The results showed that the study area had rich diversity of wild vascular plants, totaling 185 families, 929 genera and 2 581 species. Among lycophytes and ferns, there were 6 dominant families with 10 or more species, including Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae and Athyriaceae. Among seed plants, there were 7 dominant families with more than 50 species, including Poaceae, Asteraceae and Rosaceae. The flora of seed plants was characterized by temperate dominance and tropical infiltration. The study area contained 67 species of national key protected wild plants, 94 species of provincial key protected wild plants and 59 endangered species. At present, the conservation of wild vascular plants in this region still has room for improvement in the protection of wild vascular plants in the study area in terms of habitat spatial pattern, human activities and their own biological characteristics. Based on this, resource protection strategies were proposed, including constructing a systematic protection network, focusing on the protection of plant species with extremely small populations, popularizing knowledge about rare and endangered plants, and improving the basic management and protection guarantee mechanism. This study provides a reference for local plant biodiversity protection, ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of biological resources.
Angelica dahurica is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials with medicinal and edible properties. This article studied the effect of cultivation regulation on the accumulation of active ingredients in Angelica dahurica and explored its active ingredients and pharmacological effects. Different germplasm and cultivation conditions affect the yield and active ingredient content of Angelica dahurica. In terms of soil conditions, soil texture pH, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) are key factors affecting the accumulation of active ingredients, and sandy loam soil and appropriate fertility ratios are beneficial for increasing coumarin content. In terms of agronomic measures, autumn sowing, planting density of 20 cm×35 cm, soil moisture content of 20%-40%, and moderate shading (54.5%) can increase the yield and coumarin content of Angelica dahurica. Coumarins (imperatorin, isoimperatorin, etc.) and volatile oils (olefins and alcohols) are the core material basis for the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, adjuvant therapy for tumors, whitening and antioxidant effects of Angelica dahurica. In terms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, they exert their effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating neurotransmitters; in terms of adjuvant therapy for tumors, coumarins can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and enhance chemotherapy sensitivity; in terms of whitening and antioxidant properties, the water extract of Angelica dahurica and various coumarin components can inhibit tyrosinase activity, scavenge free radicals, and reduce melanin production. It is suggested to conduct regional cultivation adaptability research in the future, establish a standardized cultivation technology system, and steadily improve the yield and quality of Angelica dahurica.
To improve the high temperature resistance of citrus in Wusheng County, Sichuan Province and promote high and stable yield of the citrus industry, this study took Daya citrus as the research object, selected the temperature observation data from 2016 to 2024 and the statistical data at the same time of high temperature days from meteorological stations, and focused on analyzing the variation characteristics of the maximum temperature and high temperature days during the growth period of Daya citrus. The results showed that from 2016 to 2024, the maximum temperature during the flowering period and fruit expansion period of Daya citrus in the study area showed an increasing trend to varying degrees, with the change rates of 2.867 ℃/10 a and 0.683 ℃/10 a respectively, and the maximum temperature during the flowering period increased more obviously. High temperature weather occurred to varying degrees during both the flowering period and fruit expansion period of Daya citrus, with the highest frequency of high temperature in the fruit expansion period (297 days) and relatively fewer in the flowering period (18 days). Therefore, targeted and precise prevention and control technical measures were proposed from the dimensions of constructing a refined agricultural meteorological monitoring and early warning system, carrying out artificial precipitation enhancement operations in a timely manner, and establishing a multi-departmental linked prevention and control system, so as to provide a reference for the stable and high quality production of local Daya citrus and the scientific response to high temperature disasters.
Based on the agricultural meteorological disaster frequency data of Akto County in Xinjiang from 2004 to 2023, this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics of 3 major meteorological disasters including gale, rainstorm and hail, as well as the deficiencies existing in the disaster prevention and protection work, and put forward targeted countermeasures. The data analysis showed that from 2004 to 2023, gale occurred most frequently with 361 times, followed by rainstorm (170 times), and hail had the lowest occurrence frequency (55 times). Specifically, gale and hail presented an interannual decreasing trend at rates of 1.992 times/10 a and 1.135 times/10 a respectively, while rainstorm showed an increasing trend at a rate of 1.774 times/10 a. Gale disasters mainly concentrated from May to August, and rainstorm and hail disasters occurred frequently between May and September, which have exerted certain adverse impacts on local crop production and agricultural facility safety. The local authorities have attached great importance to the construction of the agricultural disaster prevention and reduction system, further improvement is needed in the construction of wind protection facilities such as shelterbelts and windbreak nets, field drainage systems, and artificial hail suppression operation systems. Accordingly, the corresponding agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation suggestions were proposed: optimizing the layout of wind protection facilities and strengthening targeted technical prevention and control based on local gale distribution characteristics; renovating and upgrading existing drainage channels, pumping stations and other waterlogging removal facilities; appropriately expanding the coverage of artificial hail suppression operations, matching with auxiliary protection measures including hail nets, fruit bagging and shielding, and improving the refinement level of hail early warning. This study provides a reference for the improvement of agricultural disaster prevention and reduction system in the study area.
Based on meteorological data of Sonid Left Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a typical steppe pastoral area, this paper analyzed the characteristics of drought occurrence and its impacts on animal husbandry production in the study area. Combined with local actual conditions, drought monitoring and forecasting methods as well as targeted countermeasures were proposed. The results showed that the annual average precipitation in the study area ranged from 150 to 300 mm, with rainfall concentrated from June to August, presenting prominent meteorological drought characteristics. Persistent drought led to degraded grassland growth and reduced grassland productivity. It also caused stunted growth and declined immunity in livestock, triggers forage shortages, and further increases the production cost of animal husbandry. In response to meteorological drought, the study area has established an integrated drought monitoring and forecasting system based on historical data analysis, ground meteorological station observations, and multi-source remote sensing monitoring. The system inverts vegetation, soil and water drought indices to monitor grassland degradation and spatial differentiation of regional drought. A combination of short-term emergency measures and long-term adaptation strategies has been implemented. Specifically, an integrated meteorological information sharing platform has been established to release early warning information to herdsmen through radio, official WeChat accounts and other channels. Expert teams in meteorology, animal husbandry and water conservancy have been organized to carry out drought prevention emergency training. A three-level emergency material reserve warehouse system has been built to realize cross-regional resource coordination. In terms of long-term strategies, high water-use efficiency crops such as drought-resistant corn are widely promoted. Agronomic practices including soil moisture conservation by mulching and drought resistance agent application are popularized. Drought-tolerant forage varieties are introduced to optimize the animal husbandry structure and reduce excessive reliance on natural grasslands. Meanwhile, standardized captive breeding facilities are constructed to develop an integrated planting-breeding-processing industrial chain. These measures have effectively alleviated the operational pressure on herdsmen, reduced drought disaster losses, and improved the regional drought resistance capacity. This study can provide a scientific reference for drought risk management in pastoral areas.
Based on the production practices of small and medium-sized Lagenaria siceraria in Hainan Province, the key points of its facility-based, early-maturing, and efficient cultivation techniques were summarized. Steel-framed multi-span arch sheds with a span of 3.4–3.6 m were selected as the facility type. Small and medium-sized L. siceraria varieties such as ‘Xiaomei’ and ‘Bennian’ were chosen. Using methods such as sun drying and soaking seeds in warm water to treat the seeds, and using a substrate with a ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite of 6∶3∶1, sowing and seedling cultivation in nutrient bowls. Select a non melon plot from the previous crop, apply 3 t/667 m2 of farmyard manure, 200 kg/667 m2 of cooked soybeans, and 50 kg/667 m2 of compound fertilizer. Adopt the arch shed ridge hanging vine mode and plant in mid November. In terms of field management, when the plants reached 60–70 cm in height, vine training was performed, and after the vines climbed onto the trellis, topping was applied to retain a single lateral vine. Artificial supplementary pollination was carried out, and deformed fruits were removed promptly. Dimethomorph and difenoconazole were used to manage diseases such as damping-off and anthracnose, while abamectin + cyromazine and matrine + sulfoxaflor were applied to control insect pests including leaf miners and aphids. Harvest was carried out when the L. siceraria vines dried up, and the L. siceraria skins turned white and became lighter in weight, followed by timely peeling and drying. This study provides a reference for efficient L. siceraria production.
To develop an efficient and green industrial recirculating aquaculture model for Siniperca chuatsi on formulated diets, this study integrated key technologies including a three-stage water treatment system (microfiltration, biofiltration, and ultraviolet disinfection), micro-nano pure oxygen aeration, real-time monitoring of water quality and temperature, and pulse flow-induced feeding behavior. A pilot-scale industrial recirculating aquaculture system was established. A 240-day high-density validation trial was conducted using 3 000 all-female Siniperca chuatsi with an initial body weight of （21.6±0.4） g. During the trial, water quality in the rearing tanks, growth performance, and hepatointestinal histomorphology of the Siniperca chuatsi were measured. The results showed that the system maintained stable water quality control. During the rearing period, mean concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were 0.13 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Average water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were 22.56 ℃, 9.13 mg/L, and 7.06, respectively, all within suitable ranges. The Siniperca chuatsi exhibited good growth performance, with a weight gain rate of 1 911.56%, a survival rate of 98.2%, a feed conversion ratio of 1.10, and a final stocking density of 25.6 kg/m³. Histological examination of the liver and intestine showed intact tissue structure with no obvious pathological damage. In conclusion, the aquaculture system developed in this study achieved stable and controllable water quality, enabling high-density culture, high survival, and a low feed conversion ratio, thereby providing a model reference for industrial Siniperca chuatsi farming using formulated diets.
To improve the teaching effect of the course Introduction to Modern Biotechnology and the quality of talent cultivation, this paper systematically analyzed the current situation of the course in terms of teaching content, teaching methods and teaching means, and put forward targeted teaching countermeasures. There existed problems in teaching content such as complicated knowledge points, untimely integration of cutting-edge achievements and unreasonable class hour allocation. Traditional theoretical teaching dominated the classroom, and the single teaching mode failed to stimulate students’ learning initiative. In terms of teaching means, conventional multimedia teaching and basic demonstration experiments were mainly adopted, while online teaching resources were insufficiently developed and applied, which failed to fully assess students’ comprehensive abilities. On this basis, teaching reform strategies were proposed from 4 aspects including refining teaching content, optimizing teaching methods, diversifying teaching means and strengthening the guidance of values. Specifically, a four-level progressive knowledge system was established with reasonably arranged class hours. Diversified teaching modes were applied, including questioning discussion, frontier case analysis, discipline project guidance. Meanwhile, multimedia teaching resources were enriched, online-offline blended teaching models were constructed, and diversified evaluation systems were optimized. Strengthen the guidance of biotechnology values among students to achieve the organic integration of professional knowledge and ideological and political education. Practical results showed that after the implementation of teaching reforms, students’ average academic performance was greatly improved, and their participation rate in academic competitions rose from 65% to 90% with remarkable achievements. The teaching team achieved abundant teaching research outcomes, and the overall recognition score of the course increased from 92 to 95 points, which effectively enhanced the overall teaching quality. This study provides references for the teaching reform of similar courses.
To achieve the high-quality development of agriculture-related vocational education, this paper analyzed the current characteristics of digital development of modern industrial colleges in agriculture-related higher vocational colleges from 4 dimensions of industry-education supply and demand, multi-subject collaboration, resource adaptation and governance mechanism, and proposed targeted practical paths. Specifically, in terms of industry-education supply and demand, there was an adaptation gap between talent training specifications in emerging agricultural fields and post skill requirements of enterprises. In terms of multi-subject collaboration, the in-depth cooperation coverage between agriculture-related enterprises and higher vocational colleges remained limited. In terms of resource adaptation, the construction of virtual simulation training platforms for agriculture-related majors still needed further improvement. In terms of governance mechanism, the level of data interconnection and co-construction among schools, governments, industries and enterprises required further enhancement. On this basis, this paper constructed a data-driven adaptation mechanism for industry-education supply and demand, and developed modular plus loose-leaf courses through school-enterprise collaboration. It innovated the mixed ownership model and quantified the contributions of all participants relying on blockchain technology. It built a digital resource system integrating physical platforms, virtual resources and teacher teams, constructed training bases and virtual simulation systems, and implemented the “dual-qualified teachers with three-stage training” program. It also improved the collaborative governance framework and established the decision-making platforms of “industrial cloud chain” and “industrial brain”. This study provides references for promoting vocational education to serve the digital transformation of agriculture and rural areas.
To further improve the talent training quality of the Rural Regional Development major, this paper grounded itself in the actual school-running situation of the major, sorted out the current status of applied talent training, and proposed targeted optimization paths. The major still had considerable room for improvement in the construction of agriculture-related discipline systems, the cultivation of dual-qualified teaching staff, the arrangement of practical curriculum systems, the development of students innovative and entrepreneurial literacy, and the collaborative education level of integration between industry and education. On this basis, reform and optimization measures were proposed from multiple dimensions: constructing an interdisciplinary discipline cluster integrating agriculture, culture and tourism; improving the dual-qualified teaching echelon through simultaneous introduction and cultivation of talents; adding local agriculture-related characteristic courses and practical training modules; establishing a hierarchical and progressive discipline competition training system; and jointly launching customized training classes as well as practical education bases for industry-education integration through university-enterprise cooperation. The reform practice results showed that during 2023 to 2024, professional teachers published a total of 8 teaching and research papers and won 1 provincial and ministerial-level teaching achievement award, while students obtained approval for 6 university-level research projects. The professional teaching level, scientific research output and students’ comprehensive literacy all achieved phased progress, and the implementation efficiency of the industry-education integration mechanism became increasingly prominent. This study provides references for the innovative reform of talent training models of agriculture-related majors.
To promote the all-round physical and mental healthy development of students in agriculture-related higher vocational colleges, this paper analyzed the actual physical and mental development status of students, summarized their mental health characteristics, explained the educational value of integrating the concept of “five education simultaneous development” into mental health education, and constructed corresponding integrated and innovative implementation paths. Specifically, students in agriculture-related higher vocational colleges presented three prominent mental health characteristics. First, rural students accounted for a large proportion with relatively weak family support and room for improvement in subjective well-being. Second, students showed insufficient willingness to engage in agriculture-related majors, lacked planning in major selection, and had unbalanced development of self-efficacy. Third, deeply influenced by fragmented online information, students needed further improvement in self-regulation ability and emotional will quality. The integration of “five education simultaneous development” into mental health education possessed important practical value, which integrated multiple educational resources and enhanced students’ psychological adjustment ability, as well as collaboratively cultivated their professional identity and internal learning motivation. On this basis, this paper proposed practical paths for the coordinated integration of mental health education with moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor education: integrating mental education with moral education to consolidate ideals and beliefs, with intellectual education to strengthen professional identity, with physical education to realize the harmony of body and mind, with aesthetic education to improve emotional expression, and with labor education to cultivate willpower and character. This study provides a reference for optimizing the psychological education model of agriculture-related higher vocational colleges.
This study took the cultivation of high quality farmers in Bengbu City, Anhui Province as the research object, systematically analyzed the existing problems in the cultivation process, and formulated targeted optimization countermeasures. The survey revealed that the local work needed improvement in 5 aspects. In terms of participation enthusiasm, training schedules failed to match agricultural farming cycles, which prevented farmers from participating in training wholeheartedly during busy farming seasons. In terms of teaching staff, there was a shortage of grassroots practical instructors, who could not meet farmers’ diverse skill learning demands. In terms of training content and forms, proportion of theoretical instruction was relatively high, while practical training time was insufficient. In terms of follow-up support services, on-site guidance was not provided on a regular basis. In terms of publicity and guidance, the exemplary leading role of typical cases were insufficient. Accordingly, this paper put forward corresponding suggestions. The local government should improve the cultivation mechanism, integrate online and offline training modes and accurately connect training contents with practical demands. It was necessary to strengthen the construction of teaching teams, establish a primary-oriented and diversified teacher training system and optimize relevant evaluation mechanisms. Training contents and forms were enriched to lay more emphasis on practical operation training. Relevant supporting policies were integrated to improve one-on-one follow-up services and policy interpretation after training. In addition, publicity channels were expanded to strengthen full-process publicity and typical demonstration promotion. This research provides practical references for optimizing the cultivation of high quality farmers in similar regions.
This study took the textbook Pet Diseases as an example, systematically analyzed key procedures of textbook compilation for pet-related majors in higher vocational colleges, and proposed relevant improvement strategies. At present, the textbook development for pet-related majors in higher vocational colleges needs further optimization in aspects such as the structure of the textbook editorial team, curriculum selection, development model, curriculum model design, and integration of ideological and political education into courses. Based on this, the following countermeasures are proposed: establish a professional textbook editorial team to improve textbook quality; select appropriate courses according to actual conditions to enhance the pertinence of textbooks; develop loose-leaf textbooks through the integration of industry and education to ensure the forward-looking of textbook content; reasonably design the curriculum model to improve the practicality and educational function of textbooks; deeply integrate ideological and political elements into courses to optimize textbook content; enrich learning resources to enhance students’ learning interest and independent learning ability; expand textbook forms to meet different teaching needs. This paper provides a reference for the development of loose-leaf textbooks for pet-related majors in vocational colleges.
From the perspective of comprehensive rural revitalization, this paper took Jianghai Village, Qinggangji Town, Caoxian County, Shandong Province as the research case, systematically analyzed the current situation of rural governance in the village, and put forward targeted optimization paths combined with reality. At present, Research object still had room for improvement in four aspects including subject coordination, governance means, governance dimension and guarantee system, which was embodied in the need to improve relevant links such as villager participation, social force linkage, digital application and long-term guarantee. On this basis, it constructed a sound optimization path for rural governance. By activating multiple subjects, improving the villager autonomy mechanism, guiding the participation of social forces, and deepening the government-enterprise-village coordination, it built a collaborative governance pattern. It innovated governance methods, implemented the “credits + point system”, built a digital governance platform, and optimized grid management to improve the precise and high-quality governance efficiency. It coordinated governance dimensions, promoted the in-depth integration of governance with industrial development, rural civilization, ecological livability and other fields, and realized all-round coordinated development. It improved the guarantee mechanism, perfected the institutional system, strengthened the construction of grassroots teams, optimized resource allocation, and consolidated the long-term foundation of governance. This paper provids a reference for the improvement of the rural governance system at the county level.
This article analyzed the current development status of the agricultural product quality safety early warning and prevention system, as well as the aspects that need improvement, and proposed targeted strategies, aiming to provide reference for the construction of the grassroots agricultural product quality safety early warning and prevention system. The study area has superior ecological endowment, prominent characteristic industries, a solid agricultural industry foundation, and continuously expanding agricultural production scale; the agricultural product quality safety supervision system and monitoring network have been gradually improved, and the intelligent supervision construction has achieved initial results. However, this system still has room for improvement in aspects such as the construction of grassroots risk prevention and control forces, the implementation of production technical standards, and the accuracy of risk warning and assessment. To address this, various forms such as on-site teaching and online platforms can be utilized to conduct training on agricultural product quality safety laws and regulations knowledge; increase the frequency of monitoring, expand the coverage of monitoring, gradually expand the scope of certification, and achieve full coverage of routine risk parameters; at the same time, the emergency response plan for agricultural product quality safety incidents will be revised and improved. Big data technology will be used to collect front-end production information, analyze relevant data for supervision and monitoring, and enhance the accuracy of risk warning and assessment.
To investigate the current status and pathways for improving the “five-oriented” utilization (fertilizer, feed, fuel, substrate, and raw material) of crop straw, this study analyzed straw generation, collectable volume, comprehensive utilization volume, and the structural characteristics of the “five-oriented” utilization in Bijie City, as well as aspects needing improvement, based on straw resource data from 2019 to 2023, and proposed strategies for resource utilization of crop straws. The results showed that during the study period, the comprehensive utilization capacity of straw improved annually, with the comprehensive utilization rate increasing from 86.03% to 90.56%, and the off-field utilization volume rising to 1.303 8 million tons. Fertilizer and feed utilization together accounted for over 90% of total utilization, representing the main pathways for straw consumption. Corn and rice straw were primarily used as feed, while potato, rapeseed, wheat, and soybean straw were mainly used as fertilizer. The utilization scales for fuel, substrate, and raw materials remained relatively small and are still in the exploratory stage. Currently, there is room for improvement in areas such as market entities, utilization pathways, public awareness, and the driving role of projects. Accordingly, strategies including cultivating market entities, promoting suitable technologies, strengthening publicity and guidance, and improving project support mechanisms are proposed, providing a reference for straw resource utilization in mountainous regions of Southwest China.
