The study subjected 20 Ting’s rice varieties, including P0340, CII141, and R289 were treated with high temperature stress during seed germination，normal culture was used as control, 10 key germination indexes such as germination potential, germination rate, and root and shoot length were measured. By using the membership function comprehensive evaluation method and grading evaluation value, the heat resistance comprehensive evaluation was carried out. Meanwhile, correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis were carried out, combined with the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), the differences of growth indexes and physiological indexes of different rice varieties at germination stage were discussed, so as to screen rice varieties with strong heat resistance.The results showed that after high temperature treatment, the growth indexes such as germination potential of rice were different between varieties and treatments.In terms of heat resistance comprehensive evaluation, P0340 ranked first, showcasing strong heat tolerance, while Y595 ranked last, indicating weak heat tolerance. Correlation analysis and regression analysis established that germination rate and seedling dry weight could be used as important indexes for heat resistance identification.According to the cluster analysis, the heat resistance of the rice varieties tested was divided into 5 categories:extremely strong, strong, medium, weak and extremely weak. Among them, the variety with strong heat resistance was P0340, the varieties with strong heat resistance were CII141, R289, and Y1544, 10 varieties with medium heat resistance included R107 and Δ133, etc., and 5 varieties with weak heat resistance included PII140 and PII21,etc. The very weak heat resistance variety was Y595. In terms of physiological indexes, compared with control, under high temperature stress, H2O2 and MDA contents of P0340 increased less, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The activities of SOD, CAT, and POD in P0340 significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). These findings suggest that P0340 displays strong heat tolerance during the germination stage, characterized by minimal accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the identification of the high heat tolerance rice variety P0340 in this study offers a valuable genetic resource for the development of new heat tolerance varieties.
To investigate the effect of spraying foliar silicon fertilizer application on the lodging resistance of rice stems, Ningjing 8 was selected as the material for field experiments, and 3 concentrations of foliar silicon fertilizer were set up, including 0 (CK), 100 and 200 mg/L. The mechanical indexes of lodging resistance, such as breaking moment M, internode configuration, and internode fullness, such as stem thickness, wall thickness and internode length, were measured. The results showed that compared with CK, the fracture moment M, section modulus Z, and bending stress BS of rice stem were increased by spraying 200 mg/L silicon fertilizer on the leaf surface. The stem diameter, inner and outer diameters of main and short axes of rice were increased. There was no significant effect on plant height, but the length between the first, second, and third segments of the base was significantly reduced. It had little effect on basal internode fullness. In conclusion, reasonable spraying of foliar silicon fertilizer can improve the mechanical strength of rice stems and the lodging resistance by increasing the stem diameter, the inner and outer diameter of the main and short axes of rice, while reducing the length between the first, second, and third nodes of the base. The effect of 200 mg/L foliar silicon fertilizer treatment is better.
Y Liangyou 919 is an indica two-line hybrid rice variety selected from Y58S as the female parent and R919 as the male parent，the characteristics of its parents and high-yield seed production techniques were introduced. Y58S is a widely adaptable rice photoperiod temperature sensitive sterile line with excellent compatibility and high breeding yield; R919 is a dominant recovery line with lodging resistance, disease resistance and strong coordination force. Y Liangyou 919 can be used for post tobacco seed production in areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters in Northwest Fujian Province. The high-yield seed production techniques includes reasonable arrangement of the sowing time difference between the father and mother plants, with the father plant sowing in mid May and the mother plant sowing in mid June being suitable; choose fields that are windward and sunny, have convenient drainage and irrigation, and have a medium to high fertility level as seedling fields. Use appropriate sowing rates, soak seeds with disinfectants, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and timely and appropriate topdressing. Scientifically manage water and prevent diseases, pests, and weeds in a timely manner to cultivate strong seedlings; after harvesting tobacco leaves, timely plow and weed the fields, and transplant them, with a parent to child ratio of 1∶8; the full fertility period of the field, shallow water transplanting, inch water greening, thin water tillering, sufficient sun drying of seedlings, inch water booting, and dry and wet strong seeds should be achieved; apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply appropriate topdressing according to the growth of the seedlings; timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, and neck blight based on the actual situation in the field and local pest and disease monitoring; the ideal flowering period for seed production of this variety should meet the standard that the male parent’s initial flowering period is 2 days later than the female parent’s, and should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual situation in the field; when the number of spikes reaches 25% to 30%, spray “920” plant growth regulator to ensure uniformity and pollination, and improve the fruiting rate; timely remove impurities and maintain purity, eliminate premature and abnormal plants; after the flowering is completed, promptly cut off the male parent and harvest 90% of the seeds in the field when they are ripe. This article provides references for high-yield seed production and promotion planting of hybrid rice.
Based on the practical production and cultivation, the reasons for the formation of poorly sturdy corn cob and multiple ears were summarized and analyzed by referring to relevant literature, corresponding countermeasures were proposed, and the research direction was prospected. The main reasons for the formation of poorly sturdy corn cob and multiple ears included genetic factors of the variety, external environmental factors (high temperature and drought, cloudy and rainy), and cultivation management factors (sowing date, density, pest control, disease and insect pests, and pesticide application). By selecting stress resistant varieties, and carrying out field management such as reasonable fertilization, timely weeding, soil loosening, and timely watering, the stress resistance of corn can be improved, and poor ear development caused by improper management can be avoided. The next step of research will utilize modern technologies such as gene editing to analyze the mechanism of poorly sturdy corn cob and multiple ears formation; explore new agronomic measures such as foliar fertilization to improve maize yield and quality. This paper provides references for improving corn yield and promoting the healthy development of related industries.
To select new flue-cured tobacco varieties suitable for planting in Zhucheng tobacco-growing area of Shandong Province, 9 varieties (lines) such as QY2329, YY021 and HB0901 were compared with NC89 as the conventional control and Zhongyan100 as the secondary control, and their growth period, botanical traits, agronomic traits, disease resistance， and economic traits were determined. The results showed that the growth period of 11 varieties (lines) was 130-140 days. In terms of botanical traits, the field growth of HB0901 was uneven, and the field growth of other varieties (lines) were relatively uniform or neat, YY021, LY2804, CF241, HB056, Longjiang 0110 and LY716-2 grew strongly during the whole growth period. In terms of agronomic traits, the plant height of each variety (lines) was 118.5-162.8 cm, the number of leaves was 20.0-29.3, the spacing was 2.9-4.8 cm, the stem circumference was 9.9-11.4 cm, the waist leaf length was 61.6-72.8 cm, and the waist leaf width was 30.1-39.8 cm. In terms of disease resistance, the main diseases were black shank disease, horn spot/wildfire disease and viral disease. In terms of economic traits, the yield of all varieties (lines) was 2 141.70-2 795.10 kg/hm2, which was higher than that of the control NC89, the yield of HB0901, CF241, YM2020, Longjiang 0110, and LY716-2 was higher than that of Zhongyan 100, CF241 had the best performance in economic traits, with an average price of 31.32 yuan and an output value of 85 672.73 yuan /hm2, and the proportion of medium tobacco was 96.45%. According to the overall field growth and output value, CF241 plant type was medium, the growth period was moderate, the stratified yellowing was obvious, the field growth and disease resistance were strong, the economic characteristics were prominent, and the comprehensive performance was the best. In addition, HB0901 and Longjiang 0110 plant type medium, stratified yellow, strong disease resistance, excellent performance of economic traits, LY716-2 plant type tall, strong disease resistance and excellent performance of economic traits. In summary, 4 varieties (lines) including CF241, HB0901, Longjiang 0110, and LY716-2 were suitable for further trial planting in Zhucheng tobacco-growing area.
To understand the composition, evolutionary relationship and characteristics of Ricinus communis bZIP gene family members, bioinformatics was used to identify family members, analyze gene structure, protein conserved motifs, phylogenetic analysis, and analysis of protein physicochemical properties, phosphorylation sites, and interactions, as well as gene expression patterns and expression levels in tissues. The results showed that 46 members of the Ricinus communis bZIP gene family were identified, which were located on 10 chromosomes.The gene structure and protein conserved motifs were complex, which can be divided into 11 subfamilies, including 25 motifs. Similar to Arabidopsis, the evolution was more conservative; bZIP protein was a hydrophilic protein located in the nucleus, cell membrane and chloroplast. It played a biological role mainly through the phosphorylation of serine.The proteins RcbZIP18, RcbZIP27, RcbZIP2, RcbZIP17 and RcbZIP46 were associated with each other, participating in each growth cycle of Ricinus communis through the interaction between proteins. They are involved in the developmental regulation of leaf, stem, root and embryo during growth,RcbZIP10, RcbZIP25 and RcbZIP44 showed significant organizational differences in leaves and seeds These results provide references for the functional study of Ricinus communis bZIP gene family members.
The production and planting experience of a family farm in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui Province was combined, and the suitable environment, facility conditions, and key cultivation techniques for the growth of Morchella were summarized and analyzed. The cultivation of this fungus should be carried out on land with good air quality, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The soil should be loose, weakly alkaline, and well-permeable sandy loam; the cultivation facilities mainly consist of solar greenhouses, equipped with drip irrigation belts and atomization devices. The key points of facility cultivation techniques include selecting excellent varieties with mushroom shape, color, stable seed quality, thick meat texture, and high-yield; carry out soil plowing, disinfection, and prepare external nutrient packages before sowing; fine sowing, cover with black plastic film; do a good job in post-sowing management such as watering and mulching, temperature and light regulation, nutrient package placement, and mushroom urging; manage the mushroom production period in accordance with the requirements of each period; comprehensively applying agricultural methods, physical methods, biotechnology, and chemical techniques to effectively prevent and control bacterial contamination and pest infestations during the growth process of mushrooms; according to the principle of “picking large and keeping small”, harvest in a timely manner, and store or transport in a timely manner after harvesting. This article provides references for the development of facility cultivation industry of Morchella.
In order to promote the large-scale seedling production and subsequent germplasm improvement by cell engineering methods, the goblins of miniature Chinese rose ‘Lingzhi Yaojing’ were used as experimental materials to study in vitro culture, including different explants disinfection and sterilization, callus induction, callus proliferation, axillary bud germination induction, axillary bud subculture proliferation, and rooting induction. The results showed that the suitable sterilization method for leaf explants was 75% ethanol disinfection for 30 s+0.1% mercury chloride sterilization for 5 min, and the suitable callus induction medium was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L. Callus proliferation medium was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L. The appropriate sterilization method for stem explants was 75% ethanol disinfection for 30 s+0.1% mercury chloride sterilization for 8 min. The medium suitable for axile germination was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L. The subculture proliferation medium for axillary bud was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L. The suitable medium for rooting was 1/2MS+NAA 0.1 mg /L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L. This study provides a reference for the improvement and genetic transformation of microrose strains.
The research progress of microbial treatment technology in livestock and poultry treatment was analyzed from the aspects of the common treatment methods of livestock and poultry manure, the microbial treatment technology involved in its treatment, the types of relevant microorganisms, and the application of microbial treatment technology in livestock and poultry manure treatment. The treatment methods of livestock and poultry manure mainly included composting through microbial action, anaerobic digestion, and combined treatment of the two, and composting, incineration and biological carbonization through physical and chemical treatment. Among them, the microbial treatment of livestock and poultry manure was to use the metabolism of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to convert organic matter in feces into simpler compounds, such as carbon dioxide and methane. Aerobic microorganisms included lactic acid bacteria, anaerobic microorganisms included methanobacter, etc. Involved in the microbial treatment technology includes the expansion and optimization of microbial species, the research of microbiome and the development of new starter culture, which optimizes the treatment process of livestock and poultry manure treatment and improves the quality of fertilizer. This paper provides a reference for the further study of microbial treatment technology in livestock and poultry manure treatment.
Semen cryopreservation technology is an important means for the protection of genetic resources and breeding management in modern animal husbandry. In this paper, the research progress of soy lecithin (SL) and low- density lipoprotein (LDL) in cryopreservation of goat semen was discussed from the aspects of cryopreservation technology, cryopreservation damage in semen cryopreservation， and application of cryoprotectants, the mechanism and application of SL and LDL in cryopreservation of semen, and their combined application. The cryopreservation technology of goat semen is to make the physiological activity of sperm in goat semen static by constructing an extremely low temperature environment. Semen is affected by low temperature environment during storage, resulting in cell damage and accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to sperm quality decline. The use of cryopprotectants such as glycerin and yolk can reduce the formation of ice crystals during cryopreservation of semen and protect sperm cell membrane from the punctured ice crystals. SL as a natural phospholipid, can reduce the formation of ice crystals and the damage of reactive oxygen species to sperm during cryopreservation of goat semen, thus reducing the damage of sperm by cryopreservation. LDL as a lipoprotein in egg yolk, can competitively bind with harmful cationic peptides in semen to protect sperm from harmful protein damage. The two have a synergistic effect, LDL enhances the cryoprotective effect of SL, while SL provides additional antioxidant protection, which together improves the survival rate of sperm during freezing and thawing, improving the overall effect of the cryoprotectants. This paper provides ideas and references for cryopreservation of goat semen.
Jasminum species are often deciduous or evergreen small trees, upright or climbing shrubs, widely used in landscaping, medicinal and other fields. On the basis of relevant literature, the resource research progress on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity, ecological and biological characteristics, chemical composition, reproductive technology, and utilization value of Jasminum species were reviewed. In terms of geographical distribution and genetic diversity,there are about 47 species of Jasminum species, with a wide variety of species, widespread distribution, and rich genetic diversity. In terms of ecology and biological characteristics, the flowering period of this species, and the flowers have a strong aroma; the fruits and seeds are generally black spherical, and the plants are sensitive to changes in the external environment. In terms of chemical composition, different parts of this species contain physiologically active substances such as salicylic acid and caffeine, as well as volatile components such as benzyl acetate and linalool, which have broad development and utilization value. In terms of reproductive technology, its plant setting rate is not high, the germination rate of seeds is low, and the main propagation methods are asexual propagation such as cutting and tissue culture. In terms of utilization value, the Jasminum species have medicinal properties such as delaying aging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects; can be applied to wall, balcony, and window greening, with certain ornamental value; in addition, it also has high economic value and cultural connotations.This article provides references for the development of industries related to plants in Jasminum species.
To screen for suitable tree species for cultivation in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian, the Biqing State Owned Forest Farm in Yongchun, Fujian Province was selected as the experimental site, a total of 70 different precious species were selected for the research subject, including 20 excellent landscape trees such as Koelreuteria bipinnata integrifoliola (Merr.), Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana, Melia azedarach, and Ilex chinensis Sims, 30 excellent timber tree species such as Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis,Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn), Ormosia henryi Prain, and Ormosia hosiei Hemsl, and 20 multifunctional tree species of the Fagaceae family such as Cyclobalanopsis chungii (Metc.), Quercus gilva Blume, Quercus glauca Thunb., and Quercus sessilifolia Blume, determined its survival rate, preservation rate, growth and health status, and adaptability in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian. The results showed that the survival rates of various tested tree species selected for afforestation are relatively high, except for Quercus sessilifolia Blume, all others are above 85%, and the preservation rates are above 90%; the overall growth and health status of the tree species are good, with strong adaptability. 5 excellent landscape tree species suitable for cultivation in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian were selected such as Ilex chinensis Sims, Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.), Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.), Liquidambar formosana Hance, and Semiliquidambar cathayensis, 6 excellent timber tree species were selected such as Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, Michelia macclurei Dandy, Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.), Camphora officinarum Nees ex Wall, Eucalyptus cloeziana, and Schima superba， and 4 multifunctional tree species of the Fagaceae family were selected such as Cyclobalanopsis chungii (Metc.), Quercus gilva Blume, Castanopsis hystrix Hook., and Castanopsis chinensis (Spreng.) Hance. This study provides a reference for the conservation of bio-diversity, ex situ protection of plants, and introduction and domestication research in the mountainous areas of Southern Fujian.
In order to explore the effects of brassinolide (BR) on the growth of Pyrenaria spectabilis seedlings, 1-year old Pyrenaria spectabilis wood seedling were used as material, different concentrations and spraying frequencies of BR were used to treat Pyrenaria spectabilis seedlings, 0 mg/L was water treatment (CK), groups a, b, c and d were sprayed with 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L respectively， and were subdivided into subgroups 1 to 3 (a-1 to a-3, b-1 to b-3, c-1 to c-3 and d-1 to d-3) according to spraying frequency (twice a week, once a week and once every two weeks), respectively. The optimal combination of spraying frequency and concentration was determined by measuring seedling height， ground diameter and crown width. The results showed that proper application of BR could promote the growth of Pyrenaria spectabilis seedlings, and significantly increase the seedling height, ground diameter and crown width. The best treatment combination was c-3(4 mg/L, once every two weeks), and the seedling height under this treatment was 25.43 cm, which was 14.16 cm higher than CK, with a growth rate of 125.64%. The ground diameter was 3.66 mm, 2.13 mm higher than CK, with a growth rate of 139.22%. The crown width was 5.15 cm, which was 1.68 cm more than CK, the increase was 48.41%. This study provides a reference for the efficient cultivation of Pyrenaria spectabilis at seedling stage.
In this study, Calvatia lilacina was selected as the test object, malachite green dyes were used as the degradation substrate, and the degradation effect of the Calvatia lilacina on malachite green dyes was discussed in 4 aspects: bacterial plate degradation, culture time (4, 5， and 6 d), degradation temperature (22, 26, 30， and 34 ℃), and dye concentration (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/L). The results showed that Calvatia lilacina fermentation liquid was prepared under the condition of oscillating at 26 ℃, 160 r/min for 4 days. Using 200 mg/L malachite green dyes as the substrate, the degradation rate reached 98.34% at 30 ℃ for 24 h. The results provide references for the degradation of malachite green dyes.
To screen for safe and efficient herbicides for the control of gramineous weeds in winter wheat fields, a comparative efficacy trial was conducted using 5 commonly used herbicides, including 3% mesosulfuron-methyl SC, and others. The trial analyzed the impact of these herbicides on wheat safety, weed control efficacy (plant control efficacy and fresh weight control efficacy, immediate and delayed effectiveness of the herbicides, and the types of weeds controlled), and the rate of loss recovery. The results showed that the application rates of the 5 tested herbicides were safe for the growth of wheat in the 4-5 leaf overwintering stage. The weed control and pest suppression effects of 3% mesosulfuron-methyl SC, 5% pinoxaden EC, and 75% flucarbazone-sodium WG were the best, with plant control efficacies of 94.01%, 83.03%, and 74.65%, respectively, 110 days after application, the fresh weight control efficacies were 94.97%, 88.56%, and 82.97%, respectively. Among them, 5% pinoxaden EC and 7.5% pyroxsulam WG had better immediate control effects, while 3% mesosulfuron-methyl SC and 5% pinoxaden EC had longer-lasting effects. 5% pinoxaden EC was the most effective in controlling Alopecurus aequalis and Alopecurus japonicus, while 3% mesosulfuron-methyl SC was the most effective in controlling Beckmannia syzigachne. Compared with the control plots, the recovery rates of wheat loss under 3% mesosulfuron-methyl SC, 5% pinoxaden EC, and 75% flucarbazone-sodium WG were 29.28%, 25.18%, and 22.40%, respectively. In practice, herbicides with different action mechanisms should be used alternately to control weeds in wheat fields.
Starting from the wheat production practice in Yushan District, Ma’anshan, Anhui Province, the causes, main disease symptom, hazards, and prevention and control measures were summarized and analyzed of scab in this crop. Wheat scab is one of the important diseases affecting wheat production caused by Fusarium spp., and is a typical climatic disease. The research area belongs to the transitional zone of the northern subtropical monsoon, and the climatic conditions are favorable for the infection of Fusarium; at the same time, the high-amount of fungal sources in the field, weak resistance of planting varieties, improper cultivation methods and management can exacerbate the occurrence and spread of the disease to a certain extent. This disease can cause a large-scale reduction in wheat yield, and the toxins in the diseased ears can also cause harm to humans and livestock. Based on this, the strategies were proposed to establish a monitoring and early warning system to timely grasp the dynamic occurrence of diseases; improve cultivation and management techniques such as timely and appropriate sowing, scientific fertilization, and field management; standardize straw returning, application of base fertilizer, and introduction of biological control bacteria to reduce the base of pathogenic bacteria in the field; breeding and planting disease resistant varieties using molecular markers and other techniques; adopt scientific chemical prevention and control measures such as seed mixing with pesticides, appropriate timing of medication, alternating and rotating medication, and selecting suitable machinery; timely harvesting, drying, and storage, as well as strengthening collection and storage management for preventing and controlling wheat scab, provides references for comprehensive prevention and control of scab in wheat production in related area.
To comprehensively investigate the distribution of wild seed plant resources in the Gemu Nature Reserve in Litang County and provide scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of regional wild plant resources, a comprehensive survey of wild seed plants in the reserve was conducted through survey methods such as setting up sample lines and plots, and the diversity and distribution characteristics of the wild seed plants flora in the reserve were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that there were a total of 78 families, 371 genera, and 1 021 species of wild seed plants distributed in the reserve. The dominant families mainly included Asteraceae, Gramineae, and Rosaceae, etc. The dominant genera were Rhododendron and Saxifraga. There were a total of 7 distribution types of wild seed plants in 78 families in the protected area, of which 25 families were distributed in the north temperate zone (32.05%), and 24 families were distributed in the world wide (30.77%) and pantropical zones (30.77%), respectively. The 371 genera consist of 15 geographical distribution types, of which 129 genera (34.77%) were distributed in the north temperate zone, 47 genera (12.67%) were distributed in East Asia, and 13 genera (3.50%) were endemic to China. The horizontal distribution types of family and genus accounted for 46.67% and 100% of the domestic distribution types, respectively. There were 5 species of wild protected plants such as Cypripedium tibeticum. The wild seed plant species in Gemu Nature Reserve are abundant, with a complex floral composition and high conservation value.
The distribution of pests during rice cultivation is characterized by small scale and high density, making identification challenging. This article was based on deep learning and the classic YOLOv8s lightweight model was used to train and recognize 14 types of rice pests, including rice leaf roller, rice leaf caterpillar, and rice stem maggot, etc. The model training and verification results were obtained. The training results showed that the model has good convergence speed and stability; the verification results indicated that the model has good performance, with the recognition accuracy of 0.788, the recall rate of 0.721, and the recognition accuracy of 0.809, mAP@0.5 of 0.772 for 14 rice pests. Overall, the model had good performance and can meet the requirements of rice pest detection. The research results provide references for the identification of rice pest.
Based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE) platform and Landsat remote sensing data, a study was conducted on the hydrological situation in the western region of the Songnen Plain from 2011 to 2020. By integrating multiple vegetation hydrological indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified normalized water body index (mNDWI), automatic water extraction index (AWEIsh), and utilizing the ReliefF importance feature selection algorithm and CART decision tree model, dynamic monitoring of water distribution in the region from 2011 to 2020 was conducted. The results indicate that compared to existing single index algorithms, the fusion index has significant advantages in remote sensing water body recognition, and can effectively detect water bodies obscured by vegetation. The water area in the western part of the Songnen Plain had experienced a decrease followed by a fluctuating increase over the past 10 years, showing an overall decreasing trend. As of 2020, the identified water area was 24 118.05 km⊃2;. The result of land type conversion analysis showed that the receding water bodies were mainly transformed into vegetation, with a net outflow area of approximately 5 388.78 km⊃2;. By comparing the main precipitation changes and the impact of human activities, it was found that the main reason for the reduction of water bodies in the western part of the Songnen Plain was human interference. This study provides a reference for water resources management and ecological protection in the Songnen Plain.
In view of the problems of incomplete separation and entrainment loss in existing walnut shell separation equipment, a two-stage tandem walnut shell separator was designed, which can separate whole kernel, crushed kernel and fruit shell at one time. To determine the optimal operating parameters, the response surface center combination design was used, with walnut shell impurity rate and loss rate as assessment indicators, and feeding speed (x1), wind plate 1 inclination angle (x2), wind plate 2 inclination angle (x3), wind speed of fan 1 (x4), and wind speed of fan 2 (x5) as experimental factors. The working parameters of the device were optimized and tested. Design-expert software was used to establish a quadratic polynomial regression model and perform variance analysis. The factor contribution rate method was used to obtain the primary and secondary factors affecting impurity rate and loss rate. The results show that the R2 values of the model with impurity rate and loss rate were 0.973 1 and 0.953 0, respectively. The second-order polynomial regression model between the clutter rate, loss rate and parameters had a good fit. The feed speed, wind speed of fan 1, and wind speed of fan 2 had significant effects on the impurity content, and the inclination angle of wind plate 1, wind speed of fan 1, and wind speed of fan 2 had significant effects on the impurity content, the interaction terms x1x2, x1x3, x1x4, x2x5, and x3x5 had significant influence on the impurity content. The interaction terms x1x2, x1x3, and x3x4 had significant effects on the loss rate. The verification test results showed that when the feeding speed was 0.15 kg/s, the wind plate 1 inclination angle was 39°, the wind plate 2 inclination angle was 34°, the wind speed of fan 1 was 20 m/s, and the wind speed of fan 2 was 14 m/s, the impurity rate was 4.75%, the loss rate was 8.41%, and the relative error between the verification test results and the model prediction value was less than 5%. This study provides references for the improvement of walnut shell and kernel separator.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) tilt photogrammetry technology can achieve automatic and rapid acquisition of various complex topographic maps and elevation feature points, and then quickly complete the calculation of earthwork. In this paper, taking a certain area as an example, the DJI Sprit IV RTK UAV was used to fly in a “well”shape to obtain oblique photography data, and the data were processed by ContextCapture modeling software to obtain the 3D model and orthoimage data. The 3D model and other data were used to calculate the earthwork volume in EPS software, and the calculation results of earthwork volume were obtained quickly. Using RTK measured data as the true values, the reliability and accuracy of the UAV oblique photogrammetry earthwork volume calculation results were tested. The relative error of the calculated fill volume by the two measurement methods was 2.7%, and the relative error of the excavation volume was 7.8%, both of which were less than the 10% tolerance range and meet the requirements of earthwork engineering specifications. The results show that the quality of the results can meet the standard requirements, the work efficiency is high, and the production cost is low, which can provide a technical reference for land consolidation project.
Through forms such as questionnaire surveys and on-site interviews, using methods such as literature research, survey research, and comparative research, the current emphasis on science and education integration in agricultural vocational colleges, the matching degree between industry demand and talent cultivation, integration channels, and teacher teams were analyzed, the strategies solutions were proposed, and specific practices were carried out. Specific measures including establishing a collaborative development model of “industry, university, research, training, and innovation”, building a new model that integrates scientific and technological innovation with innovative talent cultivation, building a platform to facilitate the integration of science and education, and improving the teaching and research level of the teacher team through the combination of education and guidance. Tongren Polytechnic College was taken as an example, the specific practice of integrating science and education had been carried out, significant results had been achieved, including the establishment of an innovation driven base through the collaboration of government, university, industry, enterprise, and research, the innovation of the “six double integration, mutual education and training” talent training model, the establishment of a teaching resource system that integrated mountain characteristic high-tech, the deepening of school-enterprise cooperation through collaborative research and development, and the creation of a “dual high and three capable” teacher team. This article provides application references for enhancing the technological innovation capability, teaching ability, and talent cultivation quality of agricultural vocational colleges, and promoting the deep integration of industry and education, regional industrial development, etc.
To better popularize knowledge of life sciences and to understand experimental techniques and methods for exploring the essence and mysteries of life, based on the characteristics of the course and the sources of selected students, the necessity of offering the Life Science Mystery Exploration Experimental course was analyzed, and the teaching content was designed, and teaching reform was implemented. In terms of necessity, offering this course is necessary for the cultivation professional talents, a reflection of the characteristics of the life science discipline, and a requirement for the development of experimental teaching demonstration centers. In terms of teaching content design, optimized the setting of experimental projects, focused on teaching basic theoretical knowledge and cultivating experimental skills, and arranged experimental teaching content in conjunction with social hot topics; adhered to the “four combinations” principle of combining fun and professionalism, a systematic experimental teaching content system had gradually been formed, and experimental safety was emphasized. In terms of implementing teaching reform, optimized teaching arrangements, seted up small class teaching, and allowed students to flexibly choose their class time; enriched teaching methods, utilized virtual simulation experimental teaching sharing platforms and their high-quality digital resources, and actively adopted online and offline integrated experimental teaching methods; added on-site visits and field internships to allow students to have close contact with animals, plants, and natural environments; improved the assessment and evaluation system and focused on process oriented assessment. The practical results showed that this teaching reform had effectively improved the life science literacy of students, enhanced their hands-on practical ability and innovation awareness, and helped the teaching team win provincial and ministerial level awards. It provides references for the improvement of students’ comprehensive quality.
To meet the development needs of forestry discipline, the approach of Silviculture course teaching reform was explored from 3 aspects: teaching content, teaching methods, and feed back teaching with scientific research achievements, and its practical effectiveness was explored. The specific reform approach included refining classic forest cultivation theories such as respecting and following natural laws, updating teaching content, exploring relevant content on the near mature forest stage, and knowledge on the ecological functions and regulation of forests in the new version of the textbook; updating teaching methods, adopting case-based teaching method, citing practical cases such as afforestation and restoration of ecosystems, and the development model of the entire walnut industry chain, and combining the knowledge of artificial forest cultivation technology with chapters such as tree seeds and tree nurturing; persisting in using scientific research achievements to feed back teaching, integrating scientific research achievements such as artificial mixed forests, economic forests, and large-diameter timber artificial forest cultivation technologies into teaching, and strengthening basic theoretical innovation. The teaching reform practice had achieved significant results, and teachers’ understanding of the course had significantly deepened, promoting the two-way promotion of their scientific research and teaching skills; the number of students choosing courses had been increasing year by year, and their enthusiasm for attending classes had significantly improved， significant enhancement of interaction with teachers. It provides a reference for the teaching reform of similar courses and the cultivation of high-quality forestry talents.
To cultivate composite talents that meet the needs of social development, based on the perspective of deep integration of industry and education, the construction of Landscape related courses current situation was analyzed from the aspects of systematic design, professional ethics cultivation, teacher teaching philosophy, textbook content, and teaching model, and their implementation paths were studied. Specifically, built a curriculum and teaching system at the professional level, forming a three-layer curriculum ideological and political system that connected professional basic courses, professional core courses, and professional comprehensive practical courses; developed professional ethics based on job requirements and closely connect with key job groups in professional courses such as Landscape Planning and Design; optimized the teaching philosophy of teachers, enhanced their ideological and political education abilities through training activities, incentived mechanisms, etc; improved the textbook content and incorporated the latest theoretical and practical achievements in the landscape industry; optimized the teaching implementation model, adopted various teaching methods such as case teaching, role-playing, and group discussions, and designed practical activities related to the position. The practical results showed that the teaching reform had achieved significant results, successfully applying for provincial-level demonstration courses, and organizing students to write Campus Flora, enhancing their professional abilities and cultivating their sense of social responsibility. It provides references for the close integration of value shaping, knowledge imparting, and ability cultivation in the process of cultivating talents in Landscape related majors.
Green fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing soil quality and the ecological environment of cultivated land. This paper employs field investigations, literature reviews, and data analysis to examine the current status of the green fertilizer industry in the Hanzhong region of Shaanxi Province, identify key challenges, and propose strategic recommendations for its development. In 2023, the planting area for green fertilizers in this region reached 11.06 hm2, primarily utilizing varieties such as Astragalus sinicus and Vicia villosa. The diversity of available varieties remains limited. Winter green manure is predominantly planted in rice fields, orchards, and tea gardens. However, the local green fertilizer seed breeding and production base is relatively small, leading to a heavy reliance on external seed supply, which has seen prices steadily increase. Green fertilizer cultivation contributes significantly to improving soil structure and nutrient content, thereby enhancing crop yields and quality, increasing grain production, and boosting farmers’ income. Additionally, it reduces the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution, thus offering substantial ecological and economic benefits. Despite these advantages, the green fertilizer industry in this region still faces several challenges, including a shortage of high-quality germplasm resources, low enthusiasm for green fertilizer planting, an incomplete technology system, immature industrial chain development, and incomplete support system for green fertilizer industry development, and insufficient guarantee and incentive effect. Based on this, the strategies were recommended such as strengthening germplasm resource management and seed industry support; enhancing diverse incentives to stimulate planting motivation; promoting the innovation of planting technology system and industry integration; and creating the industrial support system. The research provides a reference for promoting the development of green fertilizer industry in this area.
