An in-depth analysis of the current development status of the rice industry in Anhui Province was conducted, key challenges were identified, and targeted recommendations were proposed. In Anhui Province, the sown area of rice remained stable, with gradual increases observed in both yield per unit area and total output. Regional distribution was progressively optimized, and continuous improvements were made in planting patterns and variety structure. Technological support was strengthened, leading to significant advancements in production techniques. The rice industry chain was further refined, and initial progress was achieved in brand development. Key challenges requiring attention included production infrastructure, scientific and technological support, the rice industry chain, and profitability of rice cultivation. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were proposed: infrastructure development and risk management were enhanced through the construction of high-standard farmland and the establishment of an intelligent meteorological disaster monitoring system; technological integration and promotion were accelerated by applying green, high quality, and efficient techniques such as side-deep fertilization, green pest control, and integrated rice farming; full-industry chain integration was promoted through contract farming, deep processing, and brand building to enhance product value; new quality productive forces in rice production were fostered by advancing research in biotechnology breeding, intelligent agricultural machinery, and smart farming technologies; building a diversified and complementary modern agricultural technology promotion and socialized service system. This study provided references for promoting high quality and high efficient development of the rice industry in Anhui Province.
To verify the application effect of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer on rice, field plot experiments were conducted in Hexian County, Ma’anshan City (test site 1), and Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng City (test site 2), both located in Anhui Province. 3 treatments were designed: conventional fertilization + foliar application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer 100 mL/667 m2 (treatment 1), conventional fertilization + foliar application of an equal volume of clear water (treatment 2), and conventional fertilization alone (treatment 3). The effects of each treatment on rice agronomic traits, yield, and economic benefits were systematically compared. The results showed that compared with treatment 3 (conventional fertilization alone), treatment 1 increased rice yield by 51 kg/667 m⊃2; with an increase rate of 8.4% and a net increased output value of 107.5 yuan/667 m⊃2; at the first experimental site. At the second experimental site, it increased yield by 53 kg/667 m2 with a increase rate of 10.8%, a net increased output value of 112.5 yuan/667 m2. In addition, compared with treatment 3, foliar application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer in treatment 1 also improved the stiffness of rice straw and enhanced lodging resistance. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, foliar application of silicon-containing water-soluble fertilizer exhibited a potential yield-increasing effect and favorable economic benefits on rice.
Based on the practical experience of the winter wheat-summer maize multiple cropping model in Qingyang City,Gansu Province, the key high yield cultivation techniques were systematically summarized and its economic benefits were analyzed in this paper. For variety selection, early-maturing varieties with strong stress resistance and a requirement of ≤2 100℃ effective accumulated temperature, such as Kewo028, KWS7340, and KWS6333, were preferred. In terms of production management, emphasis was placed on timely land preparation and sowing with haste, with sowing should be completed by June 30 at the latest; integrated mechanical sowing combining “no-tillage, fertilization, and seeding” was adopted. Planting density was optimized, and 2-3 seeds per hole was recommended for mechanical sowing. Scientific fertilization was implemented, with a one-time application of 20 kg of pure nitrogen and 12 kg of pure phosphorus per 667 m⊃2;. Weed control was conducted via unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying of herbicides such as 6 g of 30% topramezone and 180 g of 25% mesotrione-terbuthylazine per 667 m⊃2;. Integrated pest and disease control was achieved through a combination of agricultural (selection of pest-and-disease-resistant varieties and implementation of scientific crop rotation), biological (introduction of natural enemies, etc.), and chemical (application of 7% cyantraniliprole suspension concentrate, 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole water-dispersible granules, etc.) measures to manage pests and diseases including Spodoptera frugiperda and Setosphaeria turcica. A three-level prevention and control system consisting of “meteorological early warning, field monitoring, and emergency response” was established to reduce the risk of meteorological disasters, and timely harvesting was carried out during October 20-30. Economic benefit analysis shows that suitable varieties (Kewo028) can achieve a net profit of 320 yuan/667 m⊃2;. At present, the disaster resistance and mitigation capacity of this model need further improvement, and the technical systems such as agricultural machinery adaptation, agronomic integration, and variety breeding also require continuous refinement. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and promote the transformation of high-standard farmland; establish a technical service network to facilitate technology transfer. This study provides a reference for similar crop cultivation in relevant regions.
Quan 211S is a high quality sterile line developed through hybridization of sterile line 1892S as the female parent and sterile line 03S as the male parent. It is widely used in variety breeding. The characteristics of this sterile line, its combination application, and high yield seed production techniques were introduced. This sterile line belongs to the pollen-free type, with colorless glume tips and white stigmas. It has a compact plant type, thick and strong stems, and a high milled rice rate. The hybrid varieties developed from it have excellent grain quality and good resistance, with broad market application prospects. Currently, there are 27 approved varieties developed using Quan 211S as the female parent, such as Quanliangyouyuemiao and Quanliangyou 985. The high yield seed production techniques include selecting hilly areas with good natural conditions such as temperature and light, and an altitude not exceeding 300 m, with a sowing period in June and the heading period arranged in the middle to late August. Before sowing, seed soaking and germination promotion treatments are carried out. Fertile and well-lit fields are selected as seedling fields, with a seed rate of 22.5 to 27.0 kg per hectare for the female parent and 4 to 8 kg per hectare for the male parent. Water and fertilizer management in the seedling fields follows the principles of heavy base fertilizer, controlled nitrogen fertilizer, and proper application of transplanting fertilizer. In the field seed production, isolation is achieved through time (a 25 day difference in heading time) and space (a physical distance of 100 m) methods to ensure that the basic seedlings of the female parent are no less than 300 000 per hectare and those of the male parent are no less than 30 000 per hectare. Scientific water and fertilizer management is implemented, with fertilizer application determined by soil fertility and strict control of urea application. Diseases, pests, and weeds such as rice blast, rice stem borer, and barnyard grass are mainly prevented, and drugs are alternated at critical periods (such as 30% chlorantraniliprole and 75% tricyclazole) to ensure seed production success. Flowering period prediction and adjustment are conducted 26 days before the heading period. Gibberellin GA3 is sprayed to create a favorable pollination environment for both parents, and artificial pollination is carried out on the fourth day after application. Harvesting is done around 28 days after application. After harvesting, the seeds are dried through natural sun-drying, horizontal drying, and tobacco curing rooms, and selected using a seed selection machine. This article provides a reference for the further promotion and application of this sterile line.
To identify peanut varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting in red soil dryland of Jiangxi Province, 8 local main cultivars (lines) were evaluated, including HP1 (Ganhua No.8), HP2 (Zhongkaihua 826), HP3 (Ganhua 14-06), HP4 (Hanghua No.2), HP5 (Qianyou No.1), HP6 (Shanyou 52), HP7 (Qianyoufense), and Xiaobaisha (CK). Systematic assessments were conducted on their agronomic traits, key mechanical characteristics, and yield performance. The results showed that the main stem height of all tested varieties (lines) (55.2-72.0 cm) met the requirements for mechanized harvesting, and the pod-bearing range (2.7-7.7 cm) satisfied the basic conditions for mechanized harvesting. Mechanical property analysis revealed that, except for HP4, the pedicel strength of the other varieties (8.85-11.14 N) was at a moderate level, which can reduce mechanized harvesting losses. The pod shell strength exhibited a mechanical gradient of lateral > frontal > vertical orientation, with HP3 and HP4 showing the best performance in all three directions. Yield measurements indicated that HP3 achieved significantly higher fresh pod yield (7 343.6 kg/hm2) and dry pod yield (4 977.2 kg/hm2) compared to other varieties (lines) (P<0.05). Based on comprehensive agronomic traits, mechanical properties, and yield performance, Ganhua 14-06 combines the advantages of suitability for mechanized harvesting and high yield, making it an ideal peanut variety for mechanized production in red soil dryland. This study provides a reference for the breeding of peanut varieties suitable for machine harvesting in hilly areas of Southern China.
To improve the soil ecological environment of continuous cropping tomato fields and enhance land resource utilization, this study conducted a field experiment with continuous cropping tomato soil as the research object, setting up 3 treatments as follows: T1, 1 t/667 m2 of livestock/poultry manure (duck manure)-containing bio-organic fertilizer + 0.5 t/667 m2 of livestock/poultry manure (duck manure)-containing compound microbial fertilizer, supplemented with microbial inoculant (12 L/667 m⊃2;); T2, 0.5 t/667 m2 of novel biochar soil amendment + 0.5 t/667 m2 of livestock/poultry manure (duck manure)-containing compound microbial fertilizer, supplemented with microbial inoculant (12 L/667 m⊃2;); control (CK), 1 t/667 m2 of commercial organic fertilizer + 100 kg of chemical fertilizer, without microbial inoculant, and the optimal soil improvement scheme was screened by comparative analysis of tomato quality, yield, and nutrient contents in rhizosphere soil. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the contents of vitamin C and soluble sugar in tomato among the three treatments (P>0.05); the contents of B and Zn in tomato under T2 were significantly higher than those under CK and T1 by 14.24%, 25.28% and 538.53%, 252.60%, respectively (P<0.05); the tomato yield under T2 was significantly enhanced compared with CK and T1 by 121.75% and 63.39%, respectively (P<0.05); the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil under T1 and T2 were significantly increased compared with CK by 18.39%, 131.97% and 20.52%, 84.80%, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of biochar and duck manure-containing compound microbial fertilizer effectively optimizes the nutrient supply in rhizosphere soil and enhances the absorption capacity of tomatoes for trace elements through a synergistic effect, thereby significantly improving fruit quality and yield. This scheme can alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and improve the utilization efficiency of land resources, and is of great value for popularization and application.
To explore the theoretical basis for humidity control limits in conditioned tobacco strips storage, mildew experiments and equilibrium moisture content tests were conducted on tobacco strips. A mold-critical moisture content of 17.0% was used as the standard. A dynamic control theoretical model of natural storage environment parameters for tobacco strips was constructed to study the correlation between the upper limit of suitable humidity and temperature in tobacco strips storage environment. The results showed that low-oxygen (oxygen concentration≤2%) conditioned storage could inhibit mold growth in tobacco strips, maintaining stability for 30 days even at a moisture content of 20%. The equilibrium moisture content of tobacco strips was positively correlated with environmental humidity and negatively correlated with temperature. The second-order polynomial trendline equation for ambient temperature and humidity corresponding to the maximum equilibrium moisture content of 17.0% in tobacco strips is y = 0.166 9x⊃2; + 0.073 1x + 68.738, with R⊃2; = 0.999 2 (y represents the relative humidity of the environment, x represents the point and degree of evolution of the environmental temperature on the x-axis), this equation reveals the correlation between the upper limit of suitable humidity and temperature in tobacco storage environment. When the environmental temperature increased from 10 ℃ to 30 ℃, the upper limit of suitable relative humidity for natural storage of tobacco strips rose from 69.0% to 71.7%. The research findings provide a reference for guiding the storage and conservation of tobacco strips by controlled atmosphere.
To screen high quality and distinctive flue-cured tobacco varieties to meet the diverse raw material demands of the cigarette industry, this study conducted comparative experiments of different varieties in the eastern (Qingdao City) and central (Jinan City) tobacco-growing regions of Shandong Province in 2022. In the eastern tobacco-growing area, 6 tobacco varieties including Zhongchuan 208 were taken as the test materials, while in the central tobacco-growing area, 8 tobacco varieties including Yunyan 301 were taken as the test materials. The growth period, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation in leaves and other indicators of each variety were determined. The results showed that, in terms of the growth and development status of tobacco plants, disease resistance and economic traits of tobacco leaves, in the eastern tobacco-growing area, the tobacco plants of Zhongyantexiang 301 and Yunyan 301 had vigorous growth, large dry matter accumulation, strong disease resistance and good economic traits. The performance of Zhongyan 101, NC55 and Zhongyan 100 was relatively poor. In the central tobacco-growing area, the performance of Zhongyantexiang 301 and Yunyan 301 was relatively good, while the performance of NC55 and CF233 was not satisfactory. In terms of tobacco leaf quality, in the eastern tobacco-growing areas, NC55 and Yunyan 301 had good chemical composition harmony, and had relatively high sensory evaluation scores. The tobacco leaves of Zhongyan 101 and Zhongyan 100 were of poor quality. In the central tobacco-growing area, the tobacco leaves of Yunyan 301 and NC55 were of better quality, while those of Zhongchuan 208, Zhongyantexiang 301, CF233 and Gaozhetangzhi K326 were of poorer quality. Based on the actual production situation in the tobacco-growing areas, the main promoted varieties in the eastern tobacco-growing area are Zhongyanyantexiang 301 and Yunyan 301, with NC55 as the reserve variety. For the central tobacco-growing area, it is recommended to take NC55 and Yunyan 301 as the main promoted varieties, with Zhongyantexiang 301 as the backup variety.
To investigate the effects of different colored plastic mulches on strawberry growth and fruit quality, the primary strawberry cultivar Hongyan was studied under multi-span tunnel conditions. 5 mulch treatments were applied, including black (CK), white (T1), silver-gray (T2), red (T3), and blue (T4) plastic mulch treatments under multi-span arched tunnels. The study examined their effects on strawberry soil temperature, photosynthetic characteristics, growth and development, fruit quality, and field ecology. Results indicated that the soil temperature enhancement effect of all treaments ranked as T1 > T3 > T4 > T2 > CK, with the average soil temperature at all depths in the T1 treatment being 4.42–4.50 °C higher than in CK. Regarding photosynthetic traits, T3 exhibited the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value 53.51) and net photosynthetic rate ［7.89 μmol CO₂/(m⊃2;·s)］, while T2 showed the lowest values. In growth characteristics, T3 had the shortest time to first flower (49 days) and fruit maturity (51.2 days), with significantly superior flower and fruit numbers, plant height, and leaf area compared to other treatments, while exhibiting fewer malformed fruits than CK. Regarding fruit quality, T3 showed the highest average fruit weight (33.6 g). Soluble solids content exceeded CK in all treatments, with T4 exhibiting optimal fruit vitamin C content (0.552 mg/g). Fruit brightness was significantly higher in T2 than in other treatments. In terms of field ecology, silver-gray and black mulch effectively suppressed weed growth, while white mulch had the highest weed density and substrate moisture. Overall, red mulch showed the best comprehensive effect in promoting strawberry growth, shortening the growth period, and increasing yield. Silver-gray mulch improved fruit appearance, and blue mulch enhanced fruit VC content. In production, suitable mulch can be selected based on variety characteristics and cultivation requirements.
This study summarized the breeding process, characteristics, and high yield cultivation techniques of a pepper variety Hualuo 305. Developed through hybridization, multi-generational selection, and systematic identification, the variety was bred with 23XZ494 as the female parent and 21XZ493 as the male parent. In terms of agronomic traits, its total growth period was 170 days, with a plant height of 70 cm and a plant spread of 62 cm, and each plant produced approximately 22 fruits. The fruits exhibited a full spiral shape with dense wrinkles, measuring 26–28 cm in longitudinal diameter, about 4.0 cm in transverse diameter, and 55 g in single fruit weight, characterized by thin skin, crisp texture, and moderate pungency. Nutritionally, it contained 76.6 mg/100 g of vitamin C and 0.10% of capsaicin. In terms of stress resistance, the variety showed strong drought tolerance and tolerance to low temperature and weak light; regarding disease resistance, it was resistant (R) to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). In regional trials, Hualuo 305 outyielded the control variety 37-94 by 9.5%-12.2%; in the 2024 production demonstration, the average yield reached 2 664.9 kg/667 m⊃2;. The key cultivation techniques of Hualuo 305 were as follows: for early spring greenhouse planting, the density was 2 800–3 200 plants per 667 m⊃2; with a seedling age of 60–70 days; for autumn-delayed greenhouse planting, the density was 3 200–3 600 plants per 667 m⊃2; with a seedling age of 35–40 days. This cultivar exhibited weak heat tolerance, and temperatures above 35 ℃ inhibited its growth; it was susceptible to bacterial wilt in acidic soils. Therefore, targeted regulation of field temperature was required, and 150 kg of quicklime per 667 m⊃2; was applied for soil improvement. This study provided a reference for the popularization and application of Hualuo 305.
To obtain cat-derived probiotics with probiotic properties and enrich the strain resources of indigenous microecological preparations, this study isolated and identified Lactobacillus strains from cat feces, and determined their antioxidant capacities (including DPPH free radical scavenging rate), as well as probiotic traits such as growth characteristics, carbon source utilization, and hemolysis. A total of 10 strains were obtained from selectively cultured lactic acid bacteria. The DPPH free radical scavenging rates, hydroxyl radical scavenging rates, and reducing capacities of the fermentation supernatant, bacterial suspension, and cell-free lysate of strain M-33 ranged from 102.1% to 107.4%, 72.9% to 84.5%, and 7.8% to 60.6%, respectively; those of strain M-40 ranged from 102.4% to 106.9%, 73.3% to 79.7%, and 0.8% to 16.9%, respectively, indicating strong antioxidant activity in both strains. Colony morphology observation and 16S rDNA identification showed that M-33 and M-40 formed white or milky-white colonies and were Gram-positive; M-33 was short rod-shaped (identified as Lactobacillus reuteri), while M-40 was spherical (identified as Pediococcus acidilactici). In vitro probiotic property evaluation revealed that M-33 grew relatively slower than M-40, with its logarithmic growth phase spanning 2-22 h. Both strains tested positive for cellobiose and maltose, exhibiting broad carbon source utilization. They displayed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus but also showed certain drug resistance: M-33 was resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, while M-40 was only resistant to ciprofloxacin. Neither strain had hemolytic activity. After treatment at 55 °C, their survival rates exceeded 50%; at pH was 2 for 4 h, the survival rates were 54.92% (M-33) and 27.82% (M-40); and with 0.2% bovine bile salt for 4 h, the survival rates reached 71.87% and 70.77%, respectively. Collectively, M-33 and M-40 have robust antioxidant activity, excellent tolerance to high temperature, acid, and bile salt, favorable inhibitory effects on common pathogens, and high safety due to the absence of hemolysis. Thus, they are indigenous probiotics with great potential for development into cat-specific probiotic preparations.
Danio rerio exhibits characteristics such as rapid development, external fertilization, strong reproductive capacity, and overall transparency during early developmental stages, making them widely used as model organisms in developmental toxicology research. The application of Danio rerio in the safety bioactivity of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants were summarized from 3 dimensions: cardiac developmental toxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and vascular and blood cell developmental toxicity. In terms of cardiac developmental toxicity research, at specific doses, traditional Chinese medicine components such as total platycodin and brucine can induce bradycardia in zebrafish, accompanied by symptoms including cardiac arrest and hemorrhage. Environmental pollutants like polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and perfluorooctanoic acid can trigger cardiac oxidative stress in zebrafish, leading to cardiac developmental defects. Regarding neurodevelopmental toxicity, at specific doses, substances such as cadmium chloride and bisphenol F exert neurotoxicity by interfering with the expression of key genes involved in neural development. Regarding vascular and blood cell developmental toxicity studies, relevant research has shown that some TCM extracts can inhibit (e.g., methanol extract of Xihuang Wan) or promote (e.g., total saponins from Panax notoginseng roots and flowers) Danio rerio angiogenesis, while others have no significant impact (e.g., water decoction of Gekko gecko). Environmental pollutants such as mycophenolic acid (MPA) can inhibit Danio rerio vascular development by regulating specific receptors (e.g., AHR) or through direct effects. This review provides a reference for the subsequent research and practical application of Danio rerio.
This study took the 1 hm2 public welfare forest monitoring sample plot in Shuiyang Work Area of Anxi Banlin State-owned Forest Farm, Fujian Province as the research object, and investigated its species composition, relative abundance, relative frequency, relative significance, etc., as well as soil characteristics. The results showed that in terms of species composition, there were 51 species in the tree layer, totaling 2 839 plants. Eurya nitida was the dominant species in this area. There were 6 104 shrubs with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 cm, and 2 483 shrubs with a diameter less than 1 cm. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J) of this type were 3.62 and 0.81, respectively. The H' and J of the shrub layer were 3.56 and 0.82 respectively; the total number of plants in the herbaceous layer was 5 594, and their H'and J were 2.89 and 0.75 respectively. In terms of soil characteristics, the pH of this sample plot was 8.19, showing weak alkalinity, with unbalanced nutrients and a loose and well-permeable physical structure. In summary, The species diversity of the tree layer in this forest farm sample plot was rich and the distribution was relatively uniform, the shrub layer was rich in species and had a large number, and the herbaceous layer had a relatively high coverage. This article provides a reference for the protection and management of public welfare forests in this area, the maintenance of species diversity and soil improvement.
To explore the correlation between stand characteristics and bird communities, this study took Yunyong Forest Farm in Foshan City, Guangdong Province as the research object. Combined with the small plot data of forest resources, the line transect, sample point method and infrared camera method were adopted to analyze the bird diversity under different stands. The bio-environment matching analysis, redundancy analysis and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index were used to analyze the differences in bird communities. The MaxEnt model was used to simulate the distribution of bird species. The results showed that a total of 103 species of birds were recorded in the experimental area, among which 87 species were investigated by the line transect method and 32 species were investigated by the infrared camera method. The community differences among the line transect were significant. The Bray-Curtis indices of the line transect observation data and the infrared camera data were 0.748 and 0.794, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that in the microhabitat, the variation degree of undergrowth biomass, shrub height and herbaceous coverage had a high explanatory power for the bird community data observed by the line transect, while tree biomass and tree age had a high explanatory power for the infrared camera data. Different bird species tend to prefer different tree species structures and forest community structures. The characteristics of different small forest stands led to spatial differences in bird communities. Forest community structures and tree species characteristics contributed significantly to the prediction of bird distribution. Birds such as Pycnonotus aurigaster and Streptopelia chinensis preferred vegetation that was rich in understory plants and has a complete community structure. In contrast, species such as Pericrocotus flammeus and Hemixos castanonotus tended to have sparse surface vegetation and older forest age. This article provides a reference for the biodiversity-oriented management of artificial secondary forests.
Based on the planting practice of Camellia oleifera in Nanling County, Anhui Province, the afforestation and cultivation techniques, low-yield forest transformation techniques, and comprehensive utilization techniques of Camellia oleifera in this area were summarized. The cultivation techniques for Camellia oleifera afforestation include removing shrubs and other vegetation on the afforestation site, conducting full reclamation and land preparation on flat or gentle slopes, and adopting horizontal strip land preparation technology for plots with a slope exceeding 15°. Select superior Camellia oleifera varieties suitable for cultivation in the study area (such as Changlin 53, Changlin 40, Changlin 4, etc.); the planting time of Camellia oleifera is preferably from December to March of the following year, and the initial planting density is 1 110 plants per hectare. Apply 0.2 kg of slow-release compound fertilizer or 5 kg of stable manure per hole. During the dry season, water replenishment and irrigation should be carried out in the early morning or late evening. Carry out timely hoeing, weeding, replanting, shaping and pruning and other nurturing measures; timely and deeply bury the diseased branches, and rationally utilize natural enemy insects such as Chilocorus rubidus and Rodolia rufopilosa for ecological regulation. Low-yield forest transformation techniques include optimizing the forest stand structure through manual thinning, dense forest transplantation, etc., cutting down shrubs and grass, and appropriately increasing the application of compound fertilizers of phosphorus and potassium. Optimize the tree structure by adopting natural round-head shapes, dispersed and layered shapes, etc. Periodically carry out shallow and deep ploughing, reclamation and loosening of the soil. Comprehensive utilization technologies include standardizing fruit harvesting and shelling processes, optimizing oil processing techniques, and expanding channels for the utilization of by-products. This article provides a reference for the high quality development of the Camellia oleifera industry.
To clarify the field control efficacy and application rate of broflanilide against Helicoverpa armigera and thrips on edible sunflower, the experiment was conducted using the edible sunflower variety Shuangxing 60 as the test material, with 6 treatments set as followed treatment 1, 100 g/L broflanilide suspension concentrate at 150 mL/hm⊃2;; treatment 2, 100 g/L broflanilide suspension concentrate at 225 mL/hm⊃2;; treatment 3, 100 g/L broflanilide suspension concentrate at 300 mL/hm⊃2;; treatment 4, 10% cyantraniliprole oil dispersion at 300 mL/hm⊃2;+100 g/L trace element water-soluble fertilizer at 375 mL/hm⊃2;; treatment 5, 60 g/L spinetoram suspension concentrate at 300 mL/hm⊃2;+10% beta-cypermethrin suspension concentrate at 300 mL/hm⊃2;; and clear water control (CK). A randomized complete block design was adopted with 3 replications. The population density of pests was investigated at 1, 3, and 7 days after application to evaluate the safety of each treatment on the growth of edible sunflower, and to determine its control efficacy against the main pests of oil sunflower, namely Helicoverpa armigera and thrips. The results showed that 7 days after application, the control efficiencies of treatments 2 and 3 against Helicoverpa armigera were 89.84% and 93.61%, respectively, and those against thrips were 79.68% and 85.17%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatments (P>0.05). Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed in the control efficiency against Helicoverpa armigera between treatments 2, 3 and the currently commonly used pesticide combination treatments 4, 5 (P>0.05). All pesticides tested were safe for the growth of oil sunflower. In conclusion, the results indicate that the 100 g/L bromofluazuron suspension concentrate exhibits good control effects against Helicoverpa armigera and thrips, and the control effect increases with the increase in application rate. In the field production of oil sunflower, the 100 g/L bromofluazuron suspension concentrate can be applied at a rate of 225 mL/hm⊃2; (treatment 2) under normal conditions, and at 300 mL/hm⊃2; (treatment 3) when the population density of Helicoverpa armigera and thrips is high or the larval instars of Helicoverpa armigera are older.
Based on the theory of landscape gene information chain, this paper extracts landscape genes from Fenghuang Ancient Village in Jimo District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, and constructs a landscape gene information chain. The results indicated that the landscape gene recognition indicators of the village were divided into material culture (environmental factors, architectural features, and site layout) and non-material culture (cultural customs). Its two-dimensional layout was characterized by gable roof and courtyard style; The three-dimensional pattern presents a form of “mountains surrounded by water, fields and villages interdependent”, and the streets and alleys form a “fishbone like” network; In terms of cultural connotation, it integrates fishing and farming culture with traditional crafts such as wood carving, brick carving, and stone carving, forming a complete cultural landscape system. The landscape gene information points remain well-preserved, with human-made landscapes demonstrating markedly superior integrity compared to natural landscapes; landscape gene corridors are generally well-preserved, still clearly reflecting historical spatial structures and functional orders; landscape gene networks exhibit strong connectivity, though certain areas show pronounced impacts from modern construction, resulting in spatial discontinuities. In summary, this village should further strengthen the protection and revitalisation of its intangible cultural genes while continuously advancing the restoration and integration of its tangible landscape genes. This will establish a village landscape system that combines historical continuity with spatial integrity, thereby achieving the effective transmission of traditional culture and the sustained optimisation of the landscape pattern.
The current status and areas for improvement of landscape culture in coastal fishing villages around Laoshan Mountain, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, were systematically analyzed. Combined with regional characteristics, implementation paths for the inheritance and innovation of landscape culture were proposed, and targeted design practices were completed by taking Qingshan Fishing Village as a typical case. The coastal fishing villages in this area have formed unique street and alley humanistic landscapes centered on fishery and tea culture, with the characteristic of changing scenes as one walks, as well as natural landscapes with mountains on 3 sides, the sea on one side, and typical nodes distributed. There is considerable room for improvement in the landscape coordination, business planning, and residential protection of the humanistic landscapes, while the mountain vegetation structure and seawater quality of the natural landscapes need to be strengthened and optimized. Based on this, in terms of humanistic landscapes, development paths were proposed as follows: upgrading the landscapes of production and living spaces, renovating idle buildings and displaying traditional crafts such as stone walls covered with grass; creating fishery experience spaces, designing fishery exhibitions and fishery cultural homestays under the guidance of tourism format upgrading and the integration of cultural and tourism industries; and carrying out landscape construction relying on traditional cultural inheritance, including renovating cultural functional spaces and building characteristic landscape nodes. For natural landscapes, strategies such as increasing the coverage ratio of arbor trees to optimize the structure of natural communities, and adopting the sustainable three-dimensional ecological aquaculture model of “fish-shrimp-shellfish-algae-sea cucumber” to improve the water quality of marine areas are proposed.. Taking Qingshan Fishing Village as an example, practical application explorations were carried out, including integrating elements related to fishery culture such as the sea, fishing boats, and anchors into the renovation design of idle buildings inside and outside; rebuilding or constructing fishery village characteristic homestay buildings by referring to local characteristic building materials and residential forms; showcasing fishery village culture through elements such as paving, fences, and roofs to create fishery culture characteristic landscape alleys; and creating characteristic leisure spaces by integrating fishery elements such as fishing nets and anchors. This study provides a reference for the landscape construction of related coastal fishing villages.
To investigate the microbial diversity in Yuncheng Salt Lake black mud and the effects of different sterilization methods on its microbial community structure, this study analyzed non-sterilized black mud (BM0), autoclave-sterilized mud (BM-ASS), and gamma-irradiated sterilized mud (BM-CIS) using high-throughput sequencing technology to assess bacterial and archaeal community structures. The results revealed that BM0 contained 29 bacterial phyla, 76 classes, and 363 genera, as well as 8 archaeal phyla, 9 classes, and 50 genera. The total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and annotated species at various taxonomic levels significantly decreased in both sterilized mud samples. Notably, archaea were completely eliminated in BM-ASS. Alpha diversity analysis showed that compared to BM0, both BM-ASS and BM-CIS exhibited reduced bacterial community richness and diversity. While the richness and diversity of archaeal communities decreased in BM-CIS, their evenness increased. In terms of bacterial community composition, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all samples, with Achromobacter as the dominant genus. 2 halophilic bacterial genera were identified in BM0, among which Guyparkeria was reported for the first time in Yuncheng Salt Lake. Regarding archaeal community composition, BM0 was dominated by unclassified archaeal phyla and Halobacteriota, whereas BM-CIS was predominantly composed of Halobacteriota (88.45%). The dominant archaeal genera in BM0 were undetectable in BM-CIS. Multiple halophilic archaeal genera, including Halovivax, Halorubellus, Halolamina, Halanaeroarchaeum, Natronomonas, and Haloterrigena, were identified in non-sterilized black mud, all of which were first reported in Yuncheng Salt Lake. Different sterilization methods had distinct impacts on the microbial community structure of black mud. Both methods eliminated most bacteria, with Co-60 gamma irradiation achieving a higher degree of bacterial removal. Autoclaving completely eradicated archaea, whereas Co-60 gamma irradiation eliminated most archaea while preserving some halophilic archaea. This study provides a reference for the exploration, conservation, and utilization of microbial resources in Yuncheng Salt Lake, as well as for functional studies of its black mud.
To investigate the effects of long-term tillage on soil aggregates, soil organic carbon (SOC), and its fractions in black soil regions, this study used no-tillage and long-term tilled soils in spring, summer, and autumn as research objects. Dry sieving and wet sieving methods were employed for aggregate fractionation and determination of stability parameters. Conventional analytical methods were used to measure SOC fractions and other physicochemical properties, followed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) After long-term tillage, the mass fraction of large-sized (>1 mm) water-stable aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) were all lower than those in no-tillage soil, while the fractal dimension (D) and soil erodibility (K) value were higher. With seasonal changes, the mass fraction of large-sized water-stable aggregates, MWD, and GMD in long-term tilled soil gradually increased. (2) Long-term tillage reduced the contents of SOC, readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC) compared with no-tillage soil. Seasonally, SOC and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) contents in long-term tilled soil showed a gradual increasing trend. (3) After long-term tillage, soil moisture content and pH were lower than those in no-tillage soil, while available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) contents were higher. With seasonal variations, soil moisture content in long-term tilled soil first decreased and then increased; pH showed a gradual decreasing trend; total nitrogen (TN), AP, and AK contents initially increased and then decreased. (4) Pearson correlation analysis revealed that SOC was positively correlated with LFOC; DOC was positively correlated with PMC, ROC, and SOC; the mass fraction of large-sized water-stable aggregates, MWD, and GMD were positively correlated with soil pH and SOC; both pH and moisture content were positively correlated with DOC, ROC, and PMC contents, while AP and AK were negatively correlated with DOC. RDA results indicated that the environmental interpretations of AK, AP, SOC, and pH were 30.4%, 23.2%, 18.8%, and 16.4%, respectively. Collectively, long-term tillage tends to cause soil compaction, reduce soil aggregate stability and the contents of SOC and its fractions. Available potassium, soil moisture content, and pH are the main environmental factors affecting changes in soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions.
The current status, areas for improvement, and development suggestions of wetland resources protection in Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province were systematically analyzed in this study. Currently, the protected wetland area in the study region was 45 650.64 hm⊃2;, providing multiple ecological services such as residential water supply, pollutant degradation, water purification, and biodiversity conservation, while also bearing tourism and recreational value. The wetland boasts rich biodiversity, including 289 species of higher plants and 294 species of wild animals. A wetland protection network has been established, including 2 key wetlands and 17 general wetlands. A series of systems for strengthening protected areas and wetlands have been issued, effectively promoting wetland protection efforts. Approximately 6 670 hm⊃2; of wetland protection and restoration projects have been completed in Shijiu Lake and Dayutan Provincial Key Wetlands, along with 37 960 hm⊃2; of ecological clean small watershed management. Dynamic surveys, monitoring, and baseline investigations of important wetland resources have been actively conducted, and a scientific research platform for aquatic ecological biodiversity monitoring has been established. However, wetland protection in the study area still needs further improvement in terms of coordination mechanisms, protection layout, invasive alien species control, protection and utilization balance, monitoring and evaluation systems, and funding input. Wetland conservation pathways were proposed: constructing a multi-department collaborative protection framework to fully release the ecological service functions and multi-value of wetlands; optimizing urban functional layout and spatial structure to improve wetland connectivity and accessibility; conducting surveys, dynamic monitoring, and risk early warning of invasive alien species in wetlands, and optimizing precise management and control technical schemes; enhancing wetland protection effectiveness and comprehensive benefits through multi-stakeholder collaboration; establishing an information platform for dynamic wetland resource monitoring to accurately grasp the current status and changes of wetland resources and ecological environment; and forming a sustainable funding supply system through multiple channels such as ecological compensation, social capital participation, and cooperative funding. This study provides a reference for the sustainable development of wetlands in related regions.
The greenway in the ring park around Hefei City, Anhui Province, was taken as the research object. Based on the post occupancy evaluation (POE) system and combining multiple research methods such as questionnaire surveys, chi-square tests,and analysis of variance, a systematic analysis of the interview data of users, managers,and designers in the study area was conducted. Furthermore,a background profile of the users was depicted to reveal their usage habits. And comprehensively assess the individual item satisfaction and overall satisfaction level of users with various facilities in the park. The results showed that among the surveyed greenway users,males accounted for 56.7%,slightly more than females. The majority were middle-aged and young people (aged 18 to 59), and users with a secondary vocational school degree or above had a relatively high proportion. The respondents’main purpose of using the greenway was for leisure and entertainment. There were more respondents who went there 1 to 3 times a week, choose to walk, and spent less than 30 minutes getting to the greenway. The age and spend time of the respondents all significantly affected the frequency of their use of greenways. Respondents were highly satisfied with individual features such as the convenience of transportation,green landscapes, the setting of mixed motorized and non-motorized greenways, and environmental hygiene. The average overall satisfaction with the greenways in the ring park around city was 3.92. The traffic conditions,landscape design and environmental maintenance of the greenway in the ring park around city need improvement. Suggestions have been put forward, such as appropriately widening the greenway,optimizing the traffic road flow lines,and adding some basic leisure,entertainment and sightseeing landscapes. This article provides a reference for improving the quality of urban life and the level of ecological environment.
To understand the research hotspots and trends in the field of maize drought stress studies, this paper used 1 842 articles published between 1994 and 2023 from the Web of Science database as samples, and conducted a visual analysis of the publication output and keywords using CiteSpace software. The results showed that: (1) The development trend of this field from 1994 to 2023 can be divided into three stages: the embryonic period (1994-2007), the slow development period (2008-2015), and the explosive growth period (2016-2023), with the number of publications showing an exponential growth trend. (2) Keyword clustering analysis revealed that the keywords in this field formed 9 clusters, generating 6 research hotspots covering 3 aspects: biological phenotypes (yield characteristics, growth and development), physiological responses (oxidative stress, gene transcription, and water use efficiency), and mitigation measures (drought resistance). (3) Keyword burst analysis indicated that the research themes in the embryonic period focused on abscisic acid regulatory mechanisms, genetic traits, and yield characteristics; those in the slow development period centered on the improvement of maize drought tolerance under climate change; and the research themes in the explosive growth period were water use, gene expression, and the drought-resistant mechanism of salicylic acid. Overall, water use, gene expression, and the drought-resistant mechanism of salicylic acid in maize under drought stress may remain frontier research directions in the future. This study provides a reference for maize drought resistance research.
The research progress on chloroplast genomics and post-polyploid diploidization plants in the tribe Microsisymbrieae of the Brassicaceae family was reviewed. Chloroplast genomes typically exhibit a circular double-stranded structure, consisting of a large single-copy region, a small single-copy region, and two inverted repeat regions, characterized by a conserved quadripartite architecture. They serve as important tools for studying plant phylogenetics. The sequenced chloroplast genomes of 29 species in this tribe range in size from 153 821 to 155 337 bp, with a stable GC content of approximately 36.4%. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the tribe Microsisymbrieae was a monophyletic group originating from allopolyploidization, with varying degrees of diploidization observed among its internal evolutionary lineages. The heterogeneity in diploidization processes has led to diversification in chromosome numbers and genomic structures within the tribe. The rate of diploidization is associated with factors such as lineage divergence within the tribe, morphological differentiation, selection pressure on nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction genes, and shifts in life history strategies, highlighting the complex relationship between genomic restructuring and morphological evolution. This review provides a reference for phylogenetic reconstruction within the Brassicaceae plant groups.
This paper systematically elaborated on the core characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles (including their definition, classification, and payload capacity) and geographic information system (GIS) technology (taking ArcGIS as an example, such as its definition and data acquisition functions). Meanwhile, it conducted research from the perspectives of application scenarios, collaborative practices, existing problems, and optimization strategies. UAVs exert advantages in efficient operations in 4 major fields of forestry, namely forest survey and monitoring, pest and disease control, fire prevention and extinguishing, and afforestation and renewal. ArcGIS software, on the other hand, provides spatial data processing and decision support in forestry information management, resource protection, and forestry planning and management. The collaborative application of the 2 technologies in scenarios such as forest land area measurement and afforestation plot verification has significantly improved the efficiency of forestry work and data accuracy. The study finds that the current application of technology needs further optimization in aspects such as the performance of hardware facilities, data collection, and the development of grassroots professional teams. Accordingly, optimization suggestions are put forward, such as upgrading hardware configurations, constructing a UAV data sharing platform, and strengthening the introduction, cultivation of grassroots talents and skills training. The research shows that the integrated application of UAV and ArcGIS technologies provides scientific and technological support for the sustainable utilization of forest resources, and also offers a reference for the promotion and application of new technologies in the field of forestry.
The current application of technologies in grain storage were reviewed, and a grain storage system architecture based on digital twin technology and blockchain was introduced. Current grain storage technologies were evolving toward intelligent and green development. IoT sensors enable real-time collection of multi-dimensional information such as temperature, humidity, pests, and gas concentrations. Wireless technologies like NB-IoT, LoRa, and 5G ensure efficient data transmission, while cloud platforms and AI algorithms support intelligent analysis and early warning. The grain monitoring system based on digital twin technology and blockchain is a grain condition monitoring system. This system collects and transmits grain storage environmental data in real time through the perception and transmission layers. The model layer constructs a virtual representation of the physical grain storage, enabling grain condition prediction and optimized control through multi-source data fusion and simulation. The application layer utilizes AI and big data for analysis and decision-making, and introduces blockchain technology to record the entire data process, ensuring transparency and traceability of information. Its widespread application is currently constrained by multidimensional factors such as technology, cost, collaboration, and system. The next step is to gradually build a new intelligent grain storage system through technological iteration, ecological co construction, and other means.
Based on honey output value data from 2019 to 2023 provided by the Pingwu County statistics department of Sichuan Province, this study established a backpropagation neural network model on the DPS platform to predict honey output value, using bee industry input, honey yield, and sales volume as independent variables and honey output value as the dependent variable. The results showed that a back-propagation neural network model was developed using the independent and dependent variable data from 2019 to 2022 as training samples. The weight values of the neurons for the three independent variables: bee industry input, honey yield, and sales volume were -1.111 12, -13.976 60, and 15.452 97, respectively. This model accurately predicted the trend of honey output value in the following year, with a goodness-of-fit R⊃2; of 0.72 between the theoretical and actual values of the dependent variable. The analytical conclusions provide references for decision-making in the development strategy of the apiculture industry in the region.
This study took the tea industry in Huangshan City, Anhui Province as the research object, explored its brand construction and industrial upgrading paths from the perspective of digital and intelligent cultural tourism, and aimed to drive the transformation of the tea industry toward branding and digital intelligence as well as the in-depth integration of tea culture and tourism through the deep integration of diverse digital technologies. The research pointed out that the following aspects of Huangshan’s tea industry required focused attention: the improvement of unit yield and the level of technological application at the production end, the degree of automation and standardization in the processing link, the coverage of communication channels among young consumer groups, the upgrading and optimization of sales channels and e-commerce layout, and the development of talent structure and training system. In response to the above aspects, the research proposed digital and intelligent innovation paths. At the production stage, a blockchain technology service platform and a tea industry brain were constructed to realize the digital management of the entire tea production process. In the processing field, the construction of intelligent factories was promoted to enhance the level of automated production. In the communication and sales links, market expansion was carried out based on the “going global” and “bringing in” strategies, and brand exposure was strengthened by virtue of e-commerce live streaming and digital-intelligent platforms. In terms of talent training, internal and external resources were integrated to build a multi-level training system. The research team developed a 3D digital-intelligent tea tourism platform named tea exploration, which integrated immersive tea tourism experience, personalized tea beverage recommendation and online sales. Through digital technologies such as 3D modeling and AI algorithms, this platform achieved the figurative communication of tea culture and diversified marketing of tea products. Coupled with the application of supporting technologies including blockchain traceability and the tea industry brain, it effectively improved the precision of tea production and the standardization of tea processing. The deep integration of digital-intelligent technologies and the tea industry could enhance the brand strength and market competitiveness of Huangshan’s tea industry, and help increase tea farmers’ income and improve the quality of tea-producing areas. This paper provided a reference for the transformation of similar traditional industries.
The development achievements, key areas requiring attention, and corresponding countermeasures for the facility vegetable industry in Xiuning County, Anhui Province were systematically analyzed. In the study area, the promotion of key technologies such as green pest control and integrated water-fertilizer management has effectively enhanced vegetable quality and economic benefits. Local characteristic varieties, including ‘Huiyu’ white cucumber and ‘Honglishengjiang No. 1’, have been successfully identified and promoted. Active efforts have also been made to advance the “two certifications and one standard” (green food, organic agricultural products, and geographical indications of agricultural products) accreditation for vegetable products, ensuring product quality and safety. Additionally, the adoption of small-arch-covered film technology for early spring white cucumber cultivation and the autumn-winter lettuce + early soybean cropping pattern has significantly improved facility utilization efficiency and economic returns. The development of facility vegetable industry in this region needs to focus on issues such as mountainous terrain, facility level, planting subjects, and industrial chain. Based on this, the following development strategies were proposed: first, rationally plan land use by promoting the integration of scattered plots through “combining small fields into large fields” and terraced layouts; second, increase financial investment to renovate and upgrade outdated facilities, while promoting mechanization-friendly greenhouses and small-scale agricultural machinery; third, stabilize existing growers and attract younger populations to return to their hometowns for vegetable industry engagement through industrial support and skills training; fourth, strengthen investment attraction to extend the industry chain into deep processing and pre-made food sectors, fostering the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This article provides reference for enhancing the competitiveness and sustainable development capability of the facility vegetable industry.
