In order to study the changes of phytoplankton community in fish-shrimp-shellfish integrated multi-trophic aquaculture seawater ponds and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of culture model and the ecological regulation of aquaculture ponds, sampling and detection were carried out regularly to analyze the phytoplankton community in water and its correlation with nutrient content during the culture period. The results showed that the species number of phytoplankton in the ponds was higher than that in the natural sea areas. The cell density of phytoplankton in the ponds was higher than that in the natural sea areas in the middle and late stage of culture, except that it was slightly lower in the early stage of culture. Skeletonema costatum was the dominant species in the early stage of culture, Scippsiella trochoidea was the absolute dominant species in the middle stage, and Skeletonema costatum, Karenia mikimotoi and Scippsiella trochoidea were the main species in the later stage. The fluctuations of phytoplankton diversity index (H') and evenness index (J) in the ponds were significantly greater than those in the natural sea areas. It showed a trend of succession of phytoplankton community in the ponds from diatoms to dinoflagellates, while diatoms were absolutely dominant in the natural sea areas. There was a significant correlation between the cell density of Karenia mikimotoi and the content of active phosphate.

In order to explore the way of water spinach planting in floating bed affecting the water micro-ecological environment of tilapia aquaculture ponds, water spinach floating beds were set up in the ponds under the 10% coverage. These ponds served as the treatment group, while the other ponds without floating beds served as the control group. After the vigorous growth of water spinach, the samples of water from treatment ponds, control ponds, and the samples of water spinach roots were collected respectively. The DNA of the samples was extracted, part of them was used to amplify the 16S rRNA genes and carry out the high-throughput sequencing, to investigate the effect of water spinach planting on the bacterial community structure in water, and analyze the relationship between the root system of water spinach and the bacterial community structure of surrounding water. Another part of DNA was used to conduct the fluorescent quantitative PCR to determine the copy number of nitrogenase gene, and analyze the effect of water spinach planting on the nitrogenase genes in tilapia aquaculture pond ecosystems. The results showed that the direct effect of water spinach planting on the community structure of planktonic bacteria in the water was not significant; however, the root biofilm of water spinach played an important role as a key part of the pond micro-environment. At the same time, water spinach root biofilm also increased the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms per unit volume in pond water.

Modern agriculture is generated on the basis of traditional agriculture, and many kinds of wisdom of existence are contained in agricultural heritage and still have important practical significance today. As an important agricultural heritage in China, Binglangjiang buffalo feeding system has modern values of production, ecology, science and culture, and could promote the development of modern agriculture and the rural revitalization in the frontier minority areas. Through summarizing the modern value of Binglangjiang buffalo feeding system, this study can be conducive to the protection and utilization of agricultural heritage and make the heritage play a greater role in the development of agriculture and rural areas in the new era.

In this paper, we optimized the determination method for geosmin (GSM) and 2-mathylisoborneol (2-MIB) in aquaculture water and aquatic products by using the method of microwave distillation - solid-phase microextraction - gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (MD-SPME-GC-MS). We optimized the four pre-treatment processing parameters, including carrier gas rate, microwave power, distillation time and collection method, and determined the experimental conditions as follows: carrier gas rate of 60 mL/min, microwave power of 400 W, distillation time of 6 min, and constant of 250 mL. In aquaculture water, the detection limit of GSM and 2-MIB reached 1 ng/L and 10 ng/L, respectively. In aquatic products, the detection limit of GSM and 2-MIB reached 0.025 μg/kg and 0.25 μg/kg, respectively. The standard curve of this method had good liner relation in the range of 1-200 ng/L and 10-200 ng/L (R² was 0.9997 and 0.9982, respectively). The average recovery rate of GSM and 2-MIB at different concentrations (1, 5, 7, 10, and 20 μg/kg) was 45.28%-49.92% and 82.15%-87.36%, respectively. In this experiment, the water samples and aquatic product samples from Wuxi were detected by this method. The result showed that the average concentration of GSM and 2-MIB in the water samples was 19.58 ng /L and 58.29 ng /L, respectively. In aquatic products, only GSM was detected, and the average concentration was 0.61 μg/kg. This method can be widely used to detect fishy substances in aquaculture water and aquatic products.

Ammonia is a pollutant that needs to be considered in the treatment of pond aquaculture discharge. The oxidation of ammonia in pond aquaculture mainly depends on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. This study briefly introduces the nitrogen metabolic mechanism of several ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms found in nature, and explains the ecological regulation mechanism of these microorganisms in pond aquaculture water from perspectives of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, attached substrate and light, in combination with the characteristics of pond aquaculture ecosystem. Based on attached growth habits of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, kinds of pond aquaculture water purification technologies have been developed, which play a role in water purification to a certain extent. However, there are common problems such as large floor area required, high cost and low efficiency. At present, the application and research of ammonia-oxidizing probiotics and high-efficiency microbial reactors in pond aquaculture water treatment in China are still relatively underdeveloped. It is suggested to strengthen the screening and enrichment of low-temperature and high-efficiency ammonia oxidation strains in the future, and to promote research on compact microbial reactors for water treatment, as well as to enrich the means of ammonia removal from freshwater pond aquaculture water.

To gain an in-depth understanding of the residue characteristics and risk assessment of mercury in the pond culture environment of Eriocheir sinensis, a total of 14 samples of water bodies and sediment from 7 Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture ponds were collected in Wuxi of Jiangsu. The residue levels of mercury in different forms were analyzed by liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), and the risk of mercury residues was assessed by the single-factor method. The results showed that the mercury content in water bodies ranged from ND (not detected) to 18.20 μg/L, mainly inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺), and other forms included methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg). The mercury content in sediment environment ranged from 0.01 to 0.022 μg/g, in which the content of inorganic mercury decreased and the content of methyl mercury increased. Compared with NYT 5361-2016 Environmental Conditions of Pollution-Free Agricultural Products - Freshwater Aquaculture Origin, it was found that the mercury content in the water body exceeded the standard in 5 samples, and the exceeding rate was 71.43%; the mercury content in the sediment environment exceeded the standard in 1 sample, and the exceeding rate was 14.29%. Further research on the ecological risk of water inorganic mercury residues to Eriocheir sinensis showed that the risk quotient ranged from 0 to 0.05, far below 1, indicating that the mercury residues in the water body did not affect the safe growth of Eriocheir sinensis. The detection of heavy metal mercury in aquaculture water is of great significance to the healthy growth of Eriocheir sinensis and food safety.

To assess the pollution risk and environmental loaded pressure (ELP) caused by the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, according to the data of LPB, the emissions of livestock and poultry manure (LP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were estimated by the pollutant discharge coefficient method. Environmental loaded pressure of LPB was evaluated by the indexes, including the suitability evaluation, land-loaded pressure and the nutrient-loaded pressure. The results showed that: (1) the emissions of COD, N and P were 1.23 million, 68600 and 7440 tons, respectively; (2) the suitability areas of LPB were mainly distributed in the southern mountainous area, in total, the land-loaded capacity was greater than the amount of LPB; however, the amount of LPB in Litong District was 3.1 times that of the land-loaded pressure, which posed a great risk of breeding pollution; the manure could not be all returned to field in Yinchuan urban area, Litong District and Jingyuan County; (3) the N emission was estimated to reach 120000 tons in 2025, showing an increase of more than 50000 tons compared with that of 2020; the P emission was estimated to reach 12000 tons, correspondingly 1.7 times that of 2020; the COD emission was estimated to reach 2.517 million tons, correspondingly 1.5 times that of 2020. In 2025, the loaded warning value of cultivated land for LP will reach 3.50. Therefore, countermeasures were put forward from six aspects: proper control of breeding scale, strict LP returning to field, strengthening fertilizer use of LP, scientific treatment of LP pollution, setting up LP centralized treatment center and policy support.

Innovative tools play a crucial role in the technology development of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, and the systematic summarizing and application study of these tools could provide ideas for the development of modern Chinese veterinary medicine. In this paper, we sorted out the evolutionary history of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine and analyzed the effect of innovative tools on promoting the advancement of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine. Meanwhile, discussion was carried out to shed light on the development of modern Chinese veterinary medicine. Results indicate that innovative tools could strongly promote the evolution of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine and the innovative thinking has important implications for the development of modern Chinese veterinary medicine.

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the shrimp and crab breeding industry in Xiangyang of Hubei Province, and put forward corresponding measures for scientific breeding of shrimp and crab. The laws of meteorological factors' change were analyzed based on nearly 30 years data observed in Xiangyang. The authors reviewed the annual changing trend of main meteorological factors related to the breeding of shrimp and crab, such as temperature, sunshine hours, continuous wet weather, rainstorm, wind force and atmospheric pressure, and discussed the potential climate risks, in order to make rational use of weather forecasting and early warning to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and reduction. The results showed that suitable temperature, abundant rainfall, mild climate, sufficient sunshine and relatively fewer meteorological disasters could provide favorable climatic conditions for the breeding of shrimp and crab in Xiangyang. By analyzing the law of temperature change in Xiangyang and the relationship between air temperature and water temperature, the authors determined the best period of postlarvae release (after Qingming) and the best period of fishing (before Frost's Descent) for shrimp and crab breeding. At the same time, the authors also analyzed the effects of meteorological factors such as low temperature damage, sunshine hours, continuous rainstorm, gale and thunderstorms on the breeding of shrimp and crab, and put forward the corresponding preventive measures to reduce the impact of weather disasters. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the local meteorological department to make medium and long-term climate prediction and short-term weather forecasting and warning services according to the shrimp and crab breeding cycle. Based on our research results, farmers should attach great importance to the application of early warning information and take active measures to reduce the loss of shrimp and crab breeding caused by meteorological disasters.

In recent years, with the rapid development of the aquaculture industry in China, the aquaculture production has been increased significantly, but at the same time, it has also caused problems such as aquaculture water pollution. Aquaculture wastewater treatment is an important practice of the development concept of “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, and it is also an inevitable requirement for promoting the green and high-quality development of aquaculture industry. Taking Anhui Province as an example, this study summarized and analyzed the current situation of aquaculture and its wastewater treatment, and the typical models of wastewater treatment, then pointed out some existing problems and proposed countermeasures and development suggestions, aiming at providing reference for the transformation and upgrading, as well as the green and high-quality development of the aquaculture industry in Anhui.

Freshwater pond aquaculture is the main mode of aquaculture in China, its industrial structure optimization and upgrading is of great significance. The study introduced current status and main species of freshwater pond aquaculture in China, expounded the changes of freshwater pond aquaculture in terms of species structure, culture technology and culture methods, and outlined the main modes of freshwater pond aquaculture in China at present. The study also discussed main problems of freshwater pond aquaculture from eight aspects: species, feed, diseases, environment, aquaculture equipment, aquatic product quality and safety, and aquaculture management, and put forward suggestions on each of these problems, in order to provide ideas for the healthy, high-yield, environmental protection and standardized development of modern freshwater pond aquaculture in China.

Eriocheir sinensis, especially the Yangtze mitten crab, is an important aquaculture species in China. In recent years, serious germplasm mixture of this species has been detected and little is known about the reasons. In this study, population genetics among wild and breeding populations of the Chinese mitten crab was comparatively analyzed based on mitochondrial marker in order to explore the germplasm mixed level. The results show that the genetic diversity of wild crab in the Yangtze River is low, and over fishing could cause the decline of wild resources. No genetic difference among the wild and breeding populations is detected, which means serious germplasm mixture. This study clarifies the resource status of Chinese mitten crab in the Yangtze River, and can provide a scientific basis for the protection of this species.

In order to evaluate the effects of different culture modes on muscle nutritional components of Micropterus salmoides from 2 genetic background populations comprehensively, and to optimize breeding combination and guide consumption, 2 progeny populations of Micropterus salmoides were selected as experimental materials, combined with 2 breeding modes, and then 4 experimental groups were set up. After 8 months of culture, the nutritional components in the back muscle of M. salmoides of each experimental group were detected and analyzed according to the national standard method. The results showed that, the muscle water content of group C was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the crude protein content of group C was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). ΣTAA, ΣEAA, ΣNEAA, ΣHEAA, ΣDAA and ΣEAA/ΣNEAA of group B were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ΣEAA/ΣTAA values among group B, C and D (P>0.05), but the ΣEAA/ΣTAA value of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ΣDAA/ΣTAA values among all the groups (P>0.05). The content data of 16 fatty acids, 13 fatty acids, 13 fatty acids and 12 fatty acids were obtained from group A, B, C and D respectively; the contents of SFA, MUFA, EPA+DHA, PUFA, UPA and FA in group B were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups (P<0.05), only UFA/SFA in group B was significantly lower than that in group C and D (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group B and A (P>0.05). The content of K was the highest among the four macroelements detected in the experimental groups, in addition, it was significantly higher in group B (4239.33 mg/kg) than that in other groups (P<0.05); the content of Na was second only to that of K, and it was significantly lower in group B (306.87 mg/kg) than that in other groups (P<0.05). In summary, the experiment showed that the fish products obtained from the YL3 breeding in flume recirculating aquaculture mode had a certain advantage of protein accumulation; the fish products obtained from the TL breeding in traditional pond mode had higher content of amino acids and fatty acids, and relatively high ratio of K/Na.

Wastewater from aquaculture has attracted wide attention as one of the sources of agricultural non-point source pollution, and the management of aquaculture wastewater has become a current research hotspot. In order to understand the mechanism of aquaculture wastewater purification and enhance the purification technology efficiency, this paper introduces the current status, hazards, and related control policies of aquaculture pollution in China, and reviews the aquaculture wastewater purification technologies developed in the past two decades. Finally, the research direction of aquaculture wastewater is discussed to put forward the possibility of strengthening the sedimentation unit, and using new materials and microorganisms to intensify the purification system.

This study aims to investigate the differences of biological indexes and meat nutrients of Cyprinus carpio from earth pond reared mode and rice field reared mode (earth pond reared is defined as ER and rice field reared as RR, respectively). Three ER and three RR carps (approximately 800 g) were collected to measure and compare the biological indexes. In addition, the contents of conventional nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids of meat were analyzed and compared between ER and RR. The results showed that the condition factor and meat yield of ER were significantly higher than those of RR, while higher caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle depth ratio was recorded in RR. Higher contents of crude fat, crude protein, ash, total essential amino acids, total nonessential amino acids, total amino acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids, and the essential amino acid score of meat were detected in ER, while significantly higher contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, ∑n-6 PUFA, and total highly unsaturated fatty acids were recorded in RR. In conclusion, the RR has slender body, lower meat yield and lower conventional nutrient contents; the meat amino acids contents of ER are higher than that of RR, while the meat fatty acids composition of carps of the two modes has their own advantages, respectively.

In order to explore the influence of waterweed coverage area on aquaculture water quality and growth performance of Palaemonetes sinensis in ponds, in the experiment, three groups of 10%, 30% and 50% (A, B and C) waterweed densities were set up, and 500 thousand shrimp larvae with average weight of 0.01 g were cultured per 666.7 m ² in pond. The hydration index was measured once every 5 days, and the growth index and feed coefficient of shrimp were measured after the experiment. The results showed that: the water temperature was A>B>C after 20 days. The dissolved oxygen of B was higher than that of A after 15 days. The dissolved oxygen of C was higher than that of A and B in 25-45 days, and lower than A and B in 50-85 days, in the two periods, the dissolved oxygen of C was significantly different from A and B (P<0.01). From 35 to 85 days, the pH was C>B>A, and the difference was extremely significant among the three groups (P<0.01). In 15~25 days, ammonia nitrogen was A>B>C, while C>A>B was found in 40~85 days, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01) among the three groups. The nitrate nitrogen was A>B>C in 25~45 days, and C>A>B in 50~85 days, and the difference among the three groups was extremely significant (P<0.01). The growth index and unit yield were B>A>C. The feed coefficient was C>A>B, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between B and C. Based on the water quality indexes, the growth performance and the feed utilization, waterweed density of 30% area (B) is better than the other two groups under the experimental conditions.

Dairy farming waste as an organic fertilizer has become a popular trend of dairy farming waste returning to field in China, but it may cause environmental pollution of farmland soil and surrounding groundwater due to its characteristics of a large amount of nitrogen nutrients. In this paper, the field management of 11 types of base fertilizer + topdressing models of large-scale dairy farming waste returning to field was used to study the law of nitrogen transport in farmland soil and soil aqueous solution. The results showed that the average content of total nitrogen in the soil of different depths under field management showed a gradually decreasing trend as the depth increased; the amount of nitrogen applied was significantly and positively correlated with the average content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of different depths; nitrate nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen in the soil aqueous solution. Fertilization was the main source of farmland nitrogen input, and leaching was the main item of farmland nitrogen output; only relying on biological nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrogen input would cause soil nitrogen depletion. Base fertilizer of 100% liquid fertilizer + topdressing of 100% liquid fertilizer (Q100100) field management was most likely to cause excess nitrogen in the soil; solid fertilizer and 50% liquid fertilizer as base fertilizer+ topdressing of 75% liquid fertilizer (SQ5075) was most prone to nitrogen leaching. Solid fertilizer and 75% liquid fertilizer as base fertilizer + topdressing of 75% liquid fertilizer (SQ7575) had the least loss of nitrogen from leaching, and was more conducive to plant growth and the accumulation of nitrogen in soil.

The preliminary study showed that the integrated mode for water quality control, named as “5% water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) + 10% filler + algae splashing (Chlorella pyrenoidose)” is worth popularizing. To further verify the effect, the purification effect of different water spinach planting ratios on nitrogen and phosphorus in pond water was studied. Water quality indexes, such as TN (total nitrogen), NH₃-N (ammonia nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), COD_Mn (permanganate), TSS (total suspended solid), pH and DO (dissolved oxygen), were determined by setting the planting proportion of 5%, 8% and 10% of water spinach, the environmental and economic benefits were also evaluated. The results showed that the TN, NH₃-N, TP, COD_Mn and TSS in tilapia pond were reduced to a certain extent by the cultivation of water spinach. The removal rates of TN and TP were 10%-15% and 20%-40% respectively. The 5% water spinach planting group also had the good removal effect on NH₃-N and COD_Mn, and the economic benefit of this mode was good, which was suitable for application.

To study the dynamic degradation regulation of fenvalerate (FV) and its chiral isomers (trans-isomer: FV1 and FV2; cis-isomer: FV3 and FV4) in aquaculture sediment, the degradation regulation of FV and chiral isomers were studied through laboratory simulation. The degradation of FV in sediment followed the first-order degradation kinetics. The half-lives of FV in the sediment ranged from 19.47 to 38.73 days. There was no significant difference in the degradation half-lives of FV. Nevertheless, the half-lives of different chiral isomers in the sediment were different. The degradation half-life of FV1 was substantially longer than those of other isomers, and the degradation half-life of FV3 was significantly longer than those of FV2 and FV4. FV underwent α-C isomerization in the sediment. When the conversion was carried out for 21 d, the conversion rate was slowing down and the changes in conversion products decreased. Because FV had a long accumulation period in sediments, the direct exposure of sediment to FV should be minimized. To effectively conduct environmental and ecological risk assessments of FV, the different chiral isomers should be distinguished in sediment FV residues.

To investigate the microbial communities’ structure of water and intestine of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) reared in in-pond raceway culture system (IP) and pond (EP), intestines and culture water were selected as research objects. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, the structure and function of bacterial communities under the two different culture modes were compared and analyzed. The results show that the microbial communities are mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi, and the sum of their abundance is 98.32%-99.22%. At genus level, bacteria are significantly different. Furthermore, the main increased species in IP mode were Ruegeria (14.84%) Synechococcus (14.24%), Marivita (3.58%), norank_o__PeM15 (2.97%) and norank_C__KD4-96 (2.56%)(P<0.05) (IP > EP). However, the main bacteria in EP model are Enterobacter (10.31%), Mycobacterium (10.30%), Romboutsia (7.37%), Enterococcus (6.29%) and Lactococcus (5.38%) (P<0.05) (IP < EP). The bacterial community in intestine has high richness and diversity, IP mode is significantly higher than that in EP mode (P<0.05), but there is no significant difference between fish intestines (P>0.05). There are differences in the structure and function of the flora under the two culture modes, and there are a large proportion of bacterial communities with significant differences in relative abundance. Most of the dominant bacteria with significant differences are beneficial bacteria in the intestine of black sea bream in IP mode, while in the EP mode, the bacteria are mostly chronic or conditional pathogens.

The present trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of three largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides strains based on indoor recirculating aquaculture system. M. salmoides juveniles of the three stains, including ‘Youlu No.1’, ‘Youlu No.3’ and ‘Zhelu No.2’ were assigned randomly into 9 tanks with triplicate tanks for each stain respectively. Each tank had 30 fish (initial body weight 6.08±0.12g) and the feeding trial lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that the survival rate was all above 98.89% (P>0.05); the body weight gain ranked as ‘Youlu No.3’>‘Youlu No.1’>‘Zhelu No.2’ without significant differences (P>0.05); while the lowest variable coefficients of body length and weight were both observed in ‘Zhelu No.2’(P>0.05). The morphological indices among the three strains showed no significant differences (P>0.05). The higher feed coefficient rate and protein efficiency ratio were found in ‘Zhelu No.2’ and ‘Youlu No.3’, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of dorsal muscle composition and amino acids’ content among the three stains (P>0.05). The activities of trypsin in gut and liver were significantly lower in ‘Zhelu No.2’ than those in other stains (P<0.05). Ten parameters contents in serum maintained stability and no statistic difference existed among the three stains (P>0.05). The data generated from the current trial suggest that M. salmoides is an appropriate fish species for indoor recirculating aquaculture, and ‘Youlu No.3’ shows relative better growth performance in the present system. ‘Zhelu No.2’ also shows very considerable body weight gain, nutrient composition as well as resistance when compared with ‘Youlu’ stains, providing good potential as a breeding population.

To study the influence of the floating bed culture of Jussiaea stipulacea (0, 5% planting area) on the pollutants in the culture pond of red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus× O. niloticus), the water quality indexes, such as COD_Mn, Chl.a, TN, NH₃-N, NO₂^--N, NO₃^--N, TP and PO₄^3--P, were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, J. stipulacea could significantly reduce the contents of Chla, NH₃-N, NO₂^--N, as well as the contents of COD_Mn, TP, TN and NO₃^--N in the culture ponds of red tilapia. The average removal rate of NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N was more than 50%, but the removal effect on phosphorus was unsatisfactory.

By adding Chlorella to tilapia aquaculture water, this study aims to explore the optimal concentration of Chlorella for the degradation of N and P and the regulation of microbial community in aquaculture water. Control group (NC), low concentration group (LC), middle concentration group (MC) and high concentration group (HC) were set to explore the effects of different concentrations of Chlorella on reducing the concentration of N and P in tilapia aquaculture water. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze bacteria community structure changes of aquaculture water body. Compared with other treatment groups, N and P nutrition of water body in HC group decreased, and the degradation rate of nitrogen in three forms was NH₄⁺-N>NO₃^--N>NO₂^--N. Compared with NC group, the microbial diversity of MC and HC group decreased. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in each treatment group increased, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in HC group was the highest, the community richness was significantly correlated with the content of NH₄⁺-N. In summary, Chlorella can absorb N and P nutrition from aquaculture water, regulate aquaculture water microbial community structure, and improve aquaculture water quality. The study could provide a theoretical basis for aquaculture production practice.

The study aims to assess the effect of Chinese herbal complex in combination with microbial bacteriocide on the farm-scaled culture of Eriocheir sinensis. Using water quality, cumulative death count and farming performance as evaluation indexes, the application effect of Chinese herbal complex (10 g/kg feed, twice per day) and microbial bacteriocide (3.75 kg/hm ², once every 10 days) in combination on the aquaculture of E. sinensis was observed for 130 days. In comparison with the traditional culture of E. sinensis, the combination of Chinese herbal complex and microbial bacteriocide could significantly improve the aquaculture water quality with the reduction of ammonia, nitrite and increase dissolved oxygen in aquaculture water, greatly decrease the cumulative death counts of crabs for 130 days by 91.3%, and remarkably enhance the yield and output value per hectare by 40.9% and 61.9%, respectively. This study confirms the significant effect of the combination of Chinese herbal complex and microbial bacteriocide on the farm-scaled culture of E. sinensis, and can provide a scientific basis for the development of high-efficient culture techniques of E. sinensis.

To understand the dynamic protection status of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system, better inherit China's important agricultural cultural heritage, and make a full play of its important role in agricultural production, the current situation of dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system was analyzed by using the method of literature research and field investigation. The results show that through the conservation, propagation and utilization of this breed, the substitute breeding mode of the buffalo and the development of characteristic industry of buffalo milk and dairy products, the dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system has achieved certain results. However, there are still some problems, such as the threat to the survival of buffalo, the low public participation in the protection of agricultural cultural heritage, and the insufficient integration and development of related industries, which affect the dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system to a certain extent. On the basis of the investigation, this paper puts forward some suggestions on strengthening the dynamic protection of Binglangjiang buffalo breeding system, including perfecting agricultural cultural heritage protection policies and measures, formulating protection strategic planning, strengthening the publicity and popularization of agricultural cultural heritage, and establishing a multi-participation mechanism; implementing multi-functional industrial development, establishing the dynamic protection mechanism of agricultural multi-functional extension, and building a benefit-sharing mechanism to ensure farmers' interests.

To evaluate the efficacy of allogynogenetic gibel carp ‘CAS V’ in paddy field cultivation, the experiments with feeding and unfeeding cultivation mode were carried out in Wuyishan. The growth performance and production of fish were measured, the survival rate, specific growth rate and production index and input-output ratio were analyzed. The results showed that, after 62 days’ paddy field cultivation, the production, survival rate, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of allogynogenetic gibel carp ‘CAS V’ in the feeding mode were 2.17, 1.47, 1.98 and 1.60 times of those of the unfeeding mode respectively, and the average size and condition factor were significantly higher than those of unfeeding mode (P＜0.05). Under the experimental conditions, the unit profit of the feeding mode of paddy field cultivation was 9817.50 yuan/hm², which was 2.23 times of that of the unfeeding mode. Therefore, the income of allogynogenetic gibel carp ‘CAS V’ of feeding mode is higher than that of unfeeding mode, but more efforts should be done to improve the efficiency of feed utilization and reduce labor cost to raise the economic benefits.

To understand the growth rule of juvenile Oratosquilla oratoria in pond culture, and provide a scientific basis for large scale production, an experiment was conducted to study the growth characteristics of juvenile O. oratoria at 15℃-31℃ by measuring the body weight and body length. The results showed that: (1) the 30-day-old juvenile O. oratoria reached an average body length of 11.79 ± 0.67 cm after 100 days rearing from 8.20 ± 0.45 cm, which increased by 0.036 cm per day on average, the average body weight increased from 7.14±1.17 g to 20.54 ± 3.44 g, and gained at the rate of 0.134 g per day on average; (2)the linear relationship of body length and body weight in juvenile O. oratoria was W=0.016L^2.879 (R²=0.978), and the b value was close to 3; exponential functions were the optimal model to describe the relationship of body length, body weight and culture times of juvenile O.oratoria; (3) the relative fatness was the highest in 30-day-old and the lowest in 90-day-old, there was no distinct relationship between relative fatness and water temperature of juvenile O. oratoria; the instantaneous growth rates of juvenile O. oratoria were affected by the change of water temperature above 23℃, they were increased with temperature increasing and reached the maximum in 90-day-old. To sum up, O. oratoria has strong adaptability under artificial culture condition, its growth of body weight is the same as that of the body length, and is suitable for artificial culture on large scale

To promote the transformation and upgrading of pond aquaculture model in China, and to develop environmental-friendly farming model, this paper summarizes the development of China's freshwater aquaculture industry, sums up the present application demonstration of Intensive Pond Aquaculture(IPA) in China, analyzes the composition and advantage of IPA system, points out the problems and process defects in the application of IPA in aquaculture of different fish species, puts forward the optimization scheme and suggestions. The authors think that IPA is suitable for enterprise management, which can reduce management investment and improve aquaculture efficiency. In the application of IPA, system optimization and process innovation should be carried out according to the biological habits of fishes, in order to adapt to the needs of famous and excellent fish species. Due to the advantages of water saving, ecology, high efficiency and environmental protection, IPA could meet the future development requirements of aquaculture, and has a broad application prospect and development space in China's freshwater aquaculture industry.

This paper reviews the present situation of aquaculture in Rudong area of Jiangsu Province. The main shrimp and crab culture species in this area were summarized, including Penaeus vannamei, Eriocheir sinensis, white backtail shrimp and comb crab. The current status of shrimp and crab culture in Rudong area was analyzed, so did the related problems of seed stock and diseases in the process of the sustainable development. Countermeasures were put forward, such as strengthening scientific culture management, introducing professional and technical personnel, enhancing scientific and technological services, adhering to ecological water-saving aquaculture mode, developing green shrimp and crab culture industry, building well-known brands, and promoting economic and social benefits.

To verify the practical culturing effect of a previously designed circulating water treatment system based on heterotopic pond restoration technology, a large-scale multi-species saturating culture experiment was carried out for 3 years. The effects of the system on water quality control was evaluated by measuring the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen consumption (COD_Mn) and chlorophyll (Chla) in a common freshwater fish culturing pond. The results showed that in the early stage of the experiment, the total nitrogen level (TP) of the circulating water of the pond reached Class III of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002), and the total phosphorus level (TN) reached Class III to V. The average removal rate of TP, TN, COD_Mn and Chla was 40.13%, 45.02%, 43.37% and 86.6%, respectively. The removal efficiency of the system was significant. In the late stage of the experiment, with the continuous increase of the feed input, although the efficiency of the circulating system was greatly improved, the data of each index were still higher than expected. This experiment provides a new idea for the treatment of large-scale aquaculture water by circulating water in freshwater ponds.

To select the suitable pond culture mode for juvenile Alosa sapidissima, juvenile Alosa sapidissima was used as material, and the digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured in the outdoor pond and shaded pond were compared. The results showed that: at the earlier culture stage, the activity of amylase in the visceral mass of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured in outdoor pond was higher than that of shaded pond; in 43 days and 57 days, the activities of pepsin, trypsin and lipase in the visceral mass of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured in outdoor pond were higher than those of shaded pond, but in 15 days and 29 days, the situation was reverse. At the later culture stage, the activities of pepsin and trypsin in liver and stomach of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured in shaded pond were higher than those of outdoor pond in 79 days, 106 days and 120 days; and the activities of amylase and lipase in liver and stomach of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured in shaded pond were also higher than those of outdoor pond at 106 days and 120 days; the activities of pepsin and trypsin in the liver and stomach of juvenile Alosa sapidissima cultured in shaded pond were lower than those of outdoor pond in 92 days. Therefore, in the season of high temperature, the juvenile Alosa sapidissima should be cultured in outdoor pond directly.

To achieve the steady yield of rice and to maximize the nutrient use efficiency during the paddy rice production irrigated by the tail water of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely, four treatments were set up for the pot experiment which contained CK (blank control), BC (biochar), TG (soil improvement solution), BT (biochar and soil improvement solution). The suitable material types were screened by the comparison of nutrient transport status in rice-soil system and the growth indexes of paddy rice in different treatments. The results showed that the addition of BC, TG and BT had positive effects on TN accumulation in topsoil (0-10 cm), TP accumulation in soil （0-25cm）,and system nutrition loss;meanwhile, the former two treatment were also helpful for TN accumulation in soil（0-25cm）,and the system nutrition. TG promoted the NO₃^- accumulation in the topsoil (0-10 cm) (P<0.05). Except BC treatment,TN and TP in paddy rice showed a downward trend at the same time in the existence of materials. In the BT treatment, the chlorophyll content at filling stage was higher than that of TG and CK (P<0.05) apparently, the first internode length of material treatment was lower than that of CK (P<0.05), while the difference of the other treatments was not significant(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between actual yield and theoretical yield of different treatments (P>0.05). To summarize, comparing with other materials, TG holds back NO₃^- as the main nitrogen nutrition effectively, enhances the nutrition utility efficiency of aquiculture wastewater, decreases the leaching risk, controls the internode growth of the rice bottom obviously, reduces the lodging risk and has no inhibition on the growth and yield of rice. Thus, TG is a potential material for the enhancement of nutrient utility efficiency in paddy rice irrigated by the wastewater from ‘Macrobrachium rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely.

Marine fish have high nutritional value and is popular with the people, and the market is short of supply. China is the largest mariculture country in the world, and has accumulated rich experience in the exploration and practice of marine fish farming. Based on the data of China Fisheries Yearbook and FishstatJ database from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the author combines qualitative & quantitative methods to sort out the development of mariculture industry since the founding of the P. R. China, including species structure, regional distribution characteristics, aquaculture models and cost-benefit indicators. The author also analyzes the paths of technological change of marine fish farming, disease prevention and control, nutritional needs and diet formulation, fine management and aquaculture engineering facilities, thus to reveal the evolution rule and provide reference for formulating the sustainable development strategy of marine fish farming.

In recent years, national and local governments at all levels have actively promoted the construction of demonstration parks for food industry clusters, but in some areas, there are misunderstandings in attracting investment. In the course of the park construction, there are many homogenous enterprises, small product difference, and exhausted resources. In view of the above-mentioned phenomena, this paper takes an animal husbandry and food industry cluster in Shandong Province as the research object, and on the basis of theoretical analysis of the competition and cooperation among the enterprises in the cluster, constructs a system dynamics model, and quantitatively analyzes the competition and cooperation relationship of the enterprises in the cluster. The study shows that the cooperative development of enterprises, information sharing and macro-policy regulation of government play a key role in the development of enterprise relations.

The circulating aquaculture system is the current development direction of advanced aquaculture productivity, it has the characteristics of highly controllable aquaculture environment, safe and reliable product quality, water saving and land saving, and could meet the country’s strategic needs of transforming economic growth and saving energy and reducing emissions. Water purification equipment for circulating water aquaculture is the core component of circulating water aquaculture system, it provides good aquatic environment for aquaculture objects in circulating aquaculture production, improves the output and quality of aquaculture products, and promotes resource utilization. This article took the typical water purification technology of circulating aquaculture system as the main line, discussed and summarized the equipment technologies involved in the removal of suspended matter, degradation of dissolved organic matter, sterilization, aeration and temperature regulation, and proposed development suggestions, aiming to build a precise, efficient and energy-saving circular aquaculture system, and provide support for its further application.

The paper aims to study the effects of the application strategy of probiotics on growth and cultural water quality of Apostichopus japonicus. The Apostichopus japonicus with body weight of (7.81±0.25) g were fed with diet mixed with probiotics (mainly bacillus and lactobacillus) for different time (0, 6, 9, 12, 15 h). The experiment was continued for 30 days and the water was changed every 10 days. The results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) of A. japonicus in experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The SGR of the A. japonicus fed with diet mixed with probiotics for 12 hours was the highest of 0.618%/d,which was 1.52 times as that of the control group, but there was no significant difference with the group of diet mixed for 9 hours. The level of ammonia, nitrite and COD in the water of the control group increased with the time extended, and the water indicators of the experiment groups increased with the time extending of the mixed diet. The level of the water indicators in group with diet mixed for 0 hours was the lowest,but there was no significant difference among the experiment groups and the indicators were significantly lower than those in the control group at the end of the experiment. The results indicated that the A. japonicus fed with the diet mixed with probiotics for 9 to 12 hours had the best effect on the growth and water quality.

Penaeus vannamei cultured in pond has more stringent requirements for water quality, the increase of unconsumed feeding and biological waste will consume a lot of water dissolved oxygen, break the water dynamic balance and lead to the increase of toxic ingredients, such as NH₃-N and NO₂-N, which can cause disease and even death of Penaeus vannamei, result in farmers’ economic loss and hinder the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Aiming at the above problems, we developed an intelligent water quality control system for Penaeus vannamei cultured in pond, which could monitor the water quality in real time and control the aerator, pump and other breeding equipment according to the growth habit of Penaeus vannamei. The system has the characteristics of intelligent control, reliable operation and high integration, which has achieved good results in the breeding production test, and could guarantee a safe breeding process, and effectively reduce the breeding risk of Penaeus vannamei cultured in pond.

To improve the water quality, the fishery multiplication and the restoration of ecological environment, the application of EM bacteria has attracted extensive attention and become a research hotspot in recent years. This study systematically reviewed the definition and source of EM bacteria, the effect and mechanism of EM bacteria in aquaculture in recent decades, and elaborated the factors affecting the effect of EM bacteria. It is found that: EM bacteria have significant effects on regulating microbial ecological structure, reducing harmful substances in water environment, improving immunity, gaining weight and increasing yield; however, the basic theoretical research of EM bacteria technology is still relatively weak, and there are still deficiencies in the production technology and application process. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to improve production technology, establish and improve screening system, and develop new fields of research and application of EM bacteria in aquaculture, so as to create greater economic value for aquaculture and provide the possibility for sustainable aquaculture.

The author described the development status of special economic animal breeding industry for recent years. Mainly special economic animal breeding in our country, for example animal fur (fox, raccoon dog, mink), deer (cervus nippon, wapiti), rare birds in areas such as industrial development, scientific research and innovation breakthrough, achieved significant results, international influence and future development the trend was summarized. The author pointed out that the field of special economic animal breeding in China has been in the field of scientific research achievements, the influence in the world, and the gap between other countries and China’s special economic animal breeding industry in the future research. The author pointed out the direction for China’s special economic animal breeding industry sustainable development.

Livestock farming is an essential activity in many rural areas, where it contributes to the maintenance of soil fertility, ecological environment, promoting crop yield and farmland biodiversity, as well as to a set of social public goods including food security, rural vitality and culture. Therefore, livestock industry is the pivotal link between the human food chain and the ecological environment. Rational and appropriate livestock breeding is beneficial to maintain ecological balance and realize sustainable development of agriculture. At present, China remains the technology-lagged country with a high-cost-low-efficiency livestock industry, and only a small proportion of livestock products intensive processed. Meanwhile, due to the development of intensive and large-scale farming, it produced a large quantity of livestock waste, with a low rate of comprehensive utilization and a high cost for innocent treatments. The scientific and reasonable treatment of livestock waste has become an urgent task for rural environmental management. The authors reviewed the development of poultry breeding industry, summarized the achievements made in the field of livestock industry in China, analyzed the problem of livestock waste processing of the current livestock industry that facing, proposed the urgent mission for livestock wastes resource utilization, and the development of modern ecological culture is the inevitable choice to solve the new problems appearing in the process of the transformation and upgrading of Chinese animal husbandry in this regard. The development prospects and trends of livestock wastes resource utilization were also included in this review.