The substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers is an effective strategy to reduce the amount and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizer. It also significantly stimulates crop yield and soil fertility. However, it is worth noting that the substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers could contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution loading in soil environment. This paper reviewed the effects of organic fertilizer application on crop quality, soil amelioration, greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural non-point source pollution. Besides, we summarized current research of organic fertilizer application and put forward proposals for further studying the organic fertilizer application. Firstly, constantly optimizing the fermentation process to improve the quality of organic fertilizer is of overarching importance. Secondly, it is suggested to strengthen the quality trait evaluation in assessing the application effect of organic fertilizer, and take full advantage of long-term positioning observation and modern monitoring means to improve the soil fertility monitoring level and accomplish the comprehensive environmental effect evaluation. These suggestions aim at providing guidance for rational and efficient application of organic fertilizers, and for sustainable utilization of soil and water resources.

Agricultural and forestry waste is a valuable biomass resource. If the resource cannot be used efficiently, it will cause serious environmental pollution and even great harm to human health. Therefore, the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes is the important content of controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, saving biomass resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, protecting the ecological environment, achieving the goal of peaking carbon emissions and carbon neutralization, and social and economic sustainable development. In order to promote the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes, this paper summarized the progress achieved in this field at home and abroad in recent years.

The harmless and reuse of agricultural waste not only turns waste biomass into treasure, but also reduces pollution to the ecological environment and improves the living environment, which is an effective way to achieve green, circular, low-carbon, efficient and sustainable development. In this article, we conducted bibliometric statistics of the relevant literature on agricultural waste resource utilization published in China and abroad from 1990 to 2022, and comprehensively analyzed the annual trend of the number of articles published in this field and the key words with the help of CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometric tools. Domestic research in this area started nearly 10 years earlier than overseas, the research intensity and importance of international research in this field since 2002 have been significantly higher than that of domestic research, the growth trend of the number of annual publications is also significantly higher than that of domestic research, and the gap between the number of publications at home and abroad is also widening year by year. The research hotspots in the field are not exactly the same at home and abroad. We focus more on the use of waste for the production of organic fertilizers to realize the recycling of green and low-carbon agriculture in China; the foreign countries focus more on biomass materialization and energy utilization of waste to compensate for the consumption of non-renewable resources. Based on China's basic condition of having more people and less land, China should strive to broaden the disposal methods of agricultural waste by classifying and disposing of agricultural waste raw materials and subsequently using them for substrate, feed, fertilizer, materialization and energy. And waste gas, heat and residue should be recycled in order to realize the multi-level utilization of harmless, reduced and diversified biomass resources. The results of the study provide a reference for the development of the field of agricultural waste resource utilization in China.

Sugar molasses is a by-product from sugar industries. The sugar molasses-based fermentation industries mainly refer to the fermentation industries using molasses from sugar mills as raw materials for alcohol or yeast fermentation. A large volume of effluents can be produced in the process of sugar molasses-based alcohol or yeast fermentation. Considering the possibility of resource utilization with such effluents, many sugar-producing countries (such as Brazil, India, and China) use the effluents for crop irrigation and fertilization or soil remediation directly into the farmlands by waste disposal methods. Because the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries are both high concentration organic wastewater, and heavy metal-polluted wastewater, which are difficult to be treated. With the long-term disposal of such effluents into the farmlands in some sugar-producing countries, the problems about ecological environment pollution in soil-crop-water systems are increasingly exposed. At present, some fertilizer production enterprises in China use such effluents as raw materials to produce organic water-soluble fertilizers (accounting for 32%), but the long-term research and monitoring data about environmental safety risks for agricultural application of the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries are still lack. This paper collected the relevant scientific research literatures since 1980 on the pollution characteristics of the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries, and their environmental impacts on agricultural application. Through the investigation and review on the relevant research data, this paper evaluated the environmental safety risks for agricultural application of the effluents from sugar molasses-based fermentation industries: (1) Such effluents were at a risk of seriously exceeding the limits for water quality standards, and a risk of ecotoxicity to plants. For example, such effluents had strong acidity, and high salinity, and contained not only high load organic pollutants, but also several heavy metals including 5 heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr), as well as other pollutants (such as Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Se, etc.). The concentrations of these pollutants mostly exceeded the limits of the Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB 5084—2021). (2) Such effluents for agricultural application were at a risk of farmland pollution. The concentrations of pollutants (such as Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn, Pb and Cl) detected from the soil samples irrigated with such effluents were about 10-641 times higher than those in the control soil. (3) Such effluents for agricultural application were at a safety risk of agricultural products. The concentrations of pollutants (such as Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni, Mn and Pb) detected in the grains of crops (wheat and mustard) irrigated with such effluents were about 3-12 times higher than those in the control crops, in which all the pollutants detected in the crops irrigated with such effluents exceeded both the allowable limits specified by FAO/WHO, but also the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food (GB 2762—2017) specified by China. In view of the issue of environmental safety risks for agricultural application of such effluents, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the quality detection and risk control on the organic water-soluble fertilizer products with such effluents as raw material, to enable the safety of effluent utilization in agriculture.

Improving the rural habitat environment is one of the most important tasks in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. This paper mainly summarized the related research on the habitat environment improvement in China, including the rural habitat environment improvement and rural revitalization strategy, the rural habitat environment construction and beautiful rural construction, the key task of habitat environment improvement, the regional differences and existing problems of rural habitat environment, etc. This paper put forward the direction of future research, that is, to deepen the renovation practice research, to carry out theoretical research on the rural habitat environment improvement, to attach importance to village planning management, to improve construction and management mechanisms, and to study on effect, influencing factors and evaluation methods of the rural habitat environment improvement.

In this paper, the application status and development trend of multi-source remote sensing in forest resource monitoring are described. Compared with traditional forest resource monitoring, which involves a large amount of manpower to carry out field investigation, satellite remote sensing and UAV remote sensing have obvious advantages in forest resource monitoring. In the forest resource monitoring research based on multi-source remote sensing data, this paper focuses on the comparison of the application of five kinds of multi-source remote sensing on forest resource monitoring, including: forest disease and insect monitoring, stand height measurement, forest canopy structure measurement, tree species composition and forest classification, and forest biomass measurement. Resource satellite, microwave remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy and new technologies and methods of forest resource monitoring in three-dimensional remote sensing, such as deep learning intelligent classification and multi-source remote sensing fusion technology, will become new means for multi-source remote sensing forest resource monitoring in the future. The application of differential GPS, three-dimensional remote sensing and hyperspectral images combined with mathematical computer technology can improve the accuracy of different levels of forest resource estimation. The automation and informatization of UAV remote sensing will be the development trend of UAV remote sensing application in forest resource monitoring. In addition, the long endurance capability and multiple types of sensors will further improve the accurate monitoring of forest resources by UAV remote sensing.

The paper aims to explore the reuse of tea residues. We reviewed the researches on the reuse of tea residues in recent years at home and abroad, found that the reuse of tea residues tended to be saturated in industrial and agricultural fields, but there was little research in the field of animal husbandry, and the research direction could be adjusted to animal husbandry in the future. We briefly summarized the sources and compositions of tea residues, and then elaborated the applications of tea residues in 3 fields of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, focusing on the researches of tea residues as animal feed in animal husbandry; finally, based on the existing researches on tea residues, we put forward the prospects of applying Wanglaoji tea residues as ruminant animal feed to provide a reference for the development and utilization of Wanglaoji tea residues in the future.

【Objective】Camellia oleifera is a traditional woody oil plant and been widely cultivated in China. In order to facilitate the protection and precise management of C. oleifera cultivars and avoid the phenomenon of homonyms and synonyms, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker database of C. oleifera cultivars was established, and a set of core SNPs were selected to construct molecular fingerprint and ID for each cultivar. 【Method】The RNA of developing seeds of 221 C. oleifera clones was extracted and RNA-seq were performed. Using C. oleifera var. ‘Nanyongensis’ genome sequence as reference, high-quality SNPs for C. oleifera were screened and the genotyping of accessions was carried out. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of C. oleifera population and subpopulations were analyzed using SNP data, including observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the SNPs, etc. The SNP loci were further filtered by their polymorphism and location information to obtain the optimal combination of core SNP loci. Sanger-seq was performed to verify the core SNP loci. The fingerprints of each clone were formed according to the genotypes of the core SNPs. The molecular IDs of C. oleifera clones were finally constructed by combining the basic information and fingerprint of C. oleifera clones. 【Result】A total of 1 849 953 high-quality SNP loci were obtained from the transcriptomes of C. oleifera. The average values of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, fixed index, PIC and minor allele frequency of the C. oleifera population were 0.2966, 0.2462, -0.2048, 0.2073, and 0.1648, respectively. The genetic differentiation among the subpopulations of C. oleifera was minor with the high level gene flow, while the main variation was inside of the subpopulation. Filtered by PIC, LD, etc., 31 core SNP loci were screened out to distinguish all C. oleifera clones. The genotypes of all accessions in the eight core loci were further detected using Sanger-seq, and the verified rates were over 91.36%. All C. oleifera clones used in this study can be distinguished using the DNA fingerprints constructed by the 31 core SNPs. Based on the fingerprint of 31 SNP markers and the basic information of C. oleifera clones, a molecular ID of each clone, which composed of 66 digits, was formed finally. 【Conclusion】According to the polymorphism information of SNP markers, 31 core SNP loci were catched. And all C. oleifera clones were accurately distinguished. Furthermore, The DNA fingerprints of 221 C. oleifera clones were constructed by the 31 SNP markers. A unique molecular identity code for each germplasm was constructed using the DNA fingerprints and the converted serial codes from information of the C. oleifera clones. Finally, the bar codes and quick response (QR) codes are generated as the molecular ID, which can be quickly identified by the code scanning equipment.

【Objective】This study was conducted to research the effect of rhizosphere oxygen environment on the phosphorus uptake of rice seedlings and its physiological mechanisms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the new cultivation measures to promote the absorption and utilization of phosphorus uptake of rice. 【Method】Two varieties, including Zhenshan 97B and Miyang 46, were cultured in nutrient solution with different oxygen content (DOC) levels (medium oxygen: DOC 2.5-3.5 mg·L^-1, high oxygen: DOC>6.0 mg·L^-1, continuous bubbling with atmospheric air, and normal conditions as CK) controlled by on-line dissolved oxygen meter. After different oxygen treatments, the rice seedling growth (biomass, root morphological structure), root physiology (root activity, phosphorus absorption kinetics, phosphatase activity, root secretion of organic acids, citric acid, etc.), and phosphorus absorption and accumulation were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 (1) The medium oxygen treatment significantly promoted the occurrence and growth of tillers, and increased the biomass, root shoot ratio, phosphorus content and accumulation of the two tested varieties; The high oxygen treatment reduced the plant height and shoot biomass, but had no significant effect on root biomass. (2) Compared with the control, the total root length, surface area and total volume of root were significantly increased, and the average root diameter were significantly decreased after the medium oxygen treatment, while the high oxygen treatment was opposite to the medium. The medium and high oxygen treatment could promote the secretion of organic acids (the total amount of organic acids, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid content increased), and increase the activity of acid phosphatase in leaves and roots. However, compared with high oxygen, the medium oxygen treatment significantly enhanced the activity of roots, optimized the kinetic parameters of phosphorus absorption, increased Imax, and decreased Km and Cmin. (3) The results of correlation analysis showed that the phosphorus accumulation and aboveground phosphorus content were significantly positively correlated with root morphology (total root length, root surface area, average diameter and total volume of root), root activity, absorption kinetic parameters Imax, the content of oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and negatively correlated with phosphorus absorption kinetic parameters Km and Cmin. The root phosphorus content of root was significantly positively correlated with root acid phosphatase, root activity, total organic acid and oxalic acid content, but not significantly with other indexes. 【Conclusion】The moderate increase of dissolved oxygen concentration (medium oxygen treatment) could improve the activity of acid phosphatase in leaves and roots, root activity, the root secretion content of oxalic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid, optimize the root morphological structure (increase the root surface area) and phosphorus uptake kinetics of rice seedlings so as to increase phosphorus content and accumulation of rice. Therefore, the selecting appropriate cultivation measures could change the rhizosphere oxygen environment and improve the ability of phosphorus absorption of rice in field planting.

National Library of China has used magnetic stripe card to make reader data reading and writing and management more conveniently. Reader can apply for a library card to record the necessary basic information, and obtain the expanded functions according to the needs including loan function and financial function. Physical document resource and digital resource of library collection can also be used by reader’s card.

Antibiotic compounds have the characteristics of broad-spectrum, quick-acting, relatively low cell toxicity, etc., and are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infection in mammals, animal feed or plant organic fertilizers. With the construction of agricultural modernization, nearly 47 kinds of antibiotic compounds directly or indirectly have invaded the soil ecosystem through the application of various compound organic fertilizers, agricultural irrigation water, sewage and man-made pollutants dumping, etc. Between 2013 and 2017, the average antibiotic content of agricultural land in China increased by about 18.6%, and the pollution equivalent of some sampled land exceeded 157% of the normal value set by the United Nations. Excessive antibiotics can interfere with soil biota. Relevant studies show that antibiotic molecules in the soil could enter the plant body through transpiration and interfere with physiological activities such as root respiration and transpiration. In addition, antibiotics could also spread and accumulate through the food chain, thereby expanding the scope and harm of their pollution. This article made statistics and summaries on the relevant research on soil antibiotics from 2010 to 2020, and comprehensively discussed the research progress of the environmental behavior and temporal and spatial distribution of antibiotics in soil, aiming to provide theoretical references for the research on antibiotics in soil.

【Objective】 To reveal the phylogeny, population genetic structure and diversity level of pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) germplasm, and to efficiently utilize them to explore genes related to important fruit quality traits, this research provided an insight into the population genetic structure and phylogeny of pomelo germplasm and facilitated the pomelo varieties innovation.【Method】 A total of 282 pomelo accessions including landraces from different geographical regions and hybrid offspring of kiyomi tangor and pomelo were contained in this study. GBS library was constructed with genomic DNAs digested by EcoR I restriction endonuclease and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq PE150 platform, the clean short reads were then mapped to pomelo reference genome by BWA, and SNPs were called out with SAMTOOLS pipeline. Based on 121 726 SNPs genotyping data, principal component analysis (PCA) and population genetic structure analysis were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed with Neighbor-joining method. Furthermore, two sub-populations containing high-acid accessions (32) and low-acid accessions (23) were used to identify candidate genes related to fruit acidity by Fst and XP-CLR selective sweeping analysis. Meanwhile, the genotype data of 282 pomelo accessions and the phenotypic data of titratable acid content in fruit were used for GWAS.【Result】 A total of 201.66 Gb original reads were generated from 282 pomelo germplasm by GBS approach, in average each sample produced 0.72 Gb reads. After the screening conditions of sequencing depth of dp5, the miss less than 0.2 and minor alleles frequency (MAF)>0.01, and a total of 121 726 SNPs were selected out for subsequent analysis. The PCA, structure and phylogenetic analysis all supported that the 282 pomelo germplasm could be divided into 6 subgroups, among which pomelo and kiyomi hybrid population, grapefruits and other pomelo hybrid populations could be obviously different from true-to-type pomelo populations, pomelos originated from different geographical region displayed unique genetic feature. The pomelo germplasm from Thailand and Vietnam formed a relatively unique group different from other domestic groups, such as ShaTian pomelo, Wen Dan pomelo, and Dian Jiang pomelo in China. The genetic introgression from Vietnam pomelos were exhibited in most pomelo germplasm in southern China, suggested that Vietnam was the origin center for pomelo. In addition, some pomelo germplasm with unknown origin have been identified accurately by GBS technology. This study showed that different geographical distribution and artificial selection pressure had great effect on the genomic composition of pomelo. Besides, Fst, XP-CLR selective sweeping analysis revealed a strong selection signal region on chromosome 7 contained genes annotated as dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (DLT-E2) of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT9), which involved in the synthesis and transportation of citric acid. In additional GWAS genome-wide association analysis identified another region on chromosome 2, which was also highly associated with fruit acidity. 【Conclusion】GBS technology provided reliable and efficient method for studying the phylogeny and evolution of pomelo. The study showed that artificial cross breeding, long-term artificial selection, geography isolation and domestication were the major driving forces for the formation of different types of pomelo germplasm. In addition, it clearly showed that Southeast Asian was primary center for pomelo origin and China mainland was secondary evolutionary center. Several candidate genes related to citric acid content in pomelo fruits were identified by Fst, XP-CLR selective sweeping and GWAS. This study provided important gene resources for the further genetic improvement and breeding of pomelo fruits.

Springtails are dominant species in soil, sensitive to the changes in environment. In this paper, recent researches on springtails as bioindicators were reviewed, including their characteristics as bioindicators and the effects of such factors as pesticide pollution, heavy metal pollution and global change on springtails. There were few long-term multi-factor researches in springtails and more new methods will be used for ecological risk assessment in the future.

Facility agriculture is the main direction of modern agriculture development, but China’s facility greenhouse environment control started late, its technology is relatively backward, and the control effect is poor. Intelligent control of agricultural greenhouses is a key part of facility agricultural planting and agricultural production at this stage. It is an important tool for China to effectively improve crop productivity and ensure crop quality. In order to promote the rapid development of the facility agricultural greenhouse intelligent control technology and accelerate technological progress in the field of facility agriculture, this paper summarizes the development status of domestic and foreign facility greenhouses and the development process of greenhouse environment control technology, analyzes the characteristics of greenhouse environment control in different periods, points out the shortcomings of China’s greenhouse environment control technology, and looks forward to the development direction of greenhouse intelligent control technology for facility agriculture.

In order to establish a set of humanities and social types of the Tibetan Plateau area tourism environmental capacity evaluation index system and evaluation model. In the current theory basis, combining with Jokhang’s actual conditions, the evaluation system for the tourist environment bearing capacity were constructed. Lhasa Jokhang scenic tourist environmental bearing capacity evaluation index system contains 3 large scales of 27 evaluation index: natural environmental bearing capacity, social environmental bearing capacity, and economic environmental bearing capacity. Secondly, we tested consistency, determine the weight and build a comprehensive evaluation model of scenic tourist environmental bearing capacity through analytic hierarchy process method (AHPM). According to the scenic spot features, tourist environmental bearing capacity rating criteria of Jokhang scenic spot was respectively built. Based on the above mentioned two scenic tourist environmental bearing capacity of comprehensive evaluation and analysis, Jokhang scenic spot was at the basically optimal load stage and also had development space for tourism activities. Finally, measures for environmental bearing capacity improvement of this scenic spots were put forward.

Citrus were cultivated greatly in China. The processing of citrus industry produced large amounts of citrus dregs, which polluted the environment. It had become one of the most important bottlenecks that limited the sustainable development of the citrus industry. In this review, the author analyzed and compared the main approaches to deal with citrus dregs at home and abroad, from the view of economic and environmental, including sanitary landfill, active ingredients extraction, citrus dregs drying feed and fermentative production of organic fertilizer. Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches were also detailed. It was concluded that: people produced organic fertilizer by using superior strains as the core, not only made use of effective substance in citrus dregs, but also avoided polluting environment. The process was simple and less cost. In a word, it’s an economic and environmental choice, and could be actually promoted in the application.

In order to find out the status and future development trend of research on improving the rural human settlement environment in China, 1617 Chinese sample literature concentrated on ‘improving the rural human settlement environment’ from 2010 to 2021 were collected from the research platform of CNKI. With the help of Citespace, we used the theory of scientific knowledge graph and scientometrics to conduct the cluster analysis, keyword emergence analysis and research hotspot trend analysis. The results show that: (1) in the process of improving rural human settlement environment, domestic scholars generally focus on five aspects, including rural elderly care, rural roads, toilet renovation, rural garbage disposal and rural sewage treatment, and have made certain research progress in all the 5 aspects; by using keyword emergence analysis and research hotspot trend analysis, the above five aspects will still be the hot topics of research in the future; (2) the existing research on improving the rural human settlement environment are mainly qualitative, with relatively superficial analysis and inadequate quantitative analysis. It is advisable to combine the qualitative and quantitative analysis in future research.

Dragon fruit detection in natural environment is the prerequisite for fruit harvesting robots to perform harvesting. In order to improve the harvesting efficiency, by improving YOLOX (You Only Look Once X) network, a target detection network with an attention module was proposed in this research. As the benchmark, YOLOX-Nano network was chose to facilitate deployment on embedded devices, and the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was added to the backbone feature extraction network of YOLOX-Nano, which improved the robustness of the model to dragon fruit target detection to a certain extent. The correlation of features between different channels was learned by weight allocation coefficients of features of different scales, which were extracted for the backbone network. Moreover, the transmission of deep information of network structure was strengthened, which aimed at reducing the interference of dragon fruit recognition in the natural environment as well as improving the accuracy and speed of detection significantly. The performance evaluation and comparison test of the method were carried out. The results showed that, after training, the dragon fruit target detection network got an AP_0.5 value of 98.9% in the test set, an AP_0.5:0.95 value of 72.4% and F₁ score was 0.99. Compared with other YOLO network models under the same experimental conditions, on the one hand, the improved YOLOX-Nano network model proposed in this research was more lightweight, on the other hand, the detection accuracy of this method surpassed that of YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLOv5 respectively. The average detection accuracy of the improved YOLOX-Nano target detection network was the highest, reaching 98.9%, 26.2% higher than YOLOv3, 9.8% points higher than YOLOv4-Tiny, and 7.9% points higher than YOLOv5-S. Finally, real-time tests were performed on videos with different input resolutions. The improved YOLOX-Nano target detection network proposed in this research had an average detection time of 21.72 ms for a single image. In terms of the size of the network model was only 3.76 MB, which was convenient for deployment on embedded devices. In conclusion, not only did the improved YOLOX-Nano target detection network model accurately detect dragon fruit under different lighting and occlusion conditions, but the detection speed and detection accuracy showed in this research could able to meet the requirements of dragon fruit harvesting in natural environment requirements at the same time, which could provide some guidance for the design of the dragon fruit harvesting robot.

[Significance] As the research focus of future agricultural machinery, agricultural wheeled robots are developing in the direction of intelligence and multi-functionality. Advanced environmental perception technologies serve as a crucial foundation and key components to promote intelligent operations of agricultural wheeled robots. However, considering the non-structured and complex environments in agricultural on-field operational processes, the environmental information obtained through conventional 2D perception technologies is limited. Therefore, 3D environmental perception technologies are highlighted as they can provide more dimensional information such as depth, among others, thereby directly enhancing the precision and efficiency of unmanned agricultural machinery operation. This paper aims to provide a detailed analysis and summary of 3D environmental perception technologies, investigate the issues in the development of agricultural environmental perception technologies, and clarify the future key development directions of 3D environmental perception technologies regarding agricultural machinery, especially the agricultural wheeled robot. [Progress] Firstly, an overview of the general status of wheeled robots was introduced, considering their dominant influence in environmental perception technologies. It was concluded that multi-wheel robots, especially four-wheel robots, were more suitable for the agricultural environment due to their favorable adaptability and robustness in various agricultural scenarios. In recent years, multi-wheel agricultural robots have gained widespread adoption and application globally. The further improvement of the universality, operation efficiency, and intelligence of agricultural wheeled robots is determined by the employed perception systems and control systems. Therefore, agricultural wheeled robots equipped with novel 3D environmental perception technologies can obtain high-dimensional environmental information, which is significant for improving the accuracy of decision-making and control. Moreover, it enables them to explore effective ways to address the challenges in intelligent environmental perception technology. Secondly, the recent development status of 3D environmental perception technologies in the agriculture field was briefly reviewed. Meanwhile, sensing equipment and the corresponding key technologies were also introduced. For the wheeled robots reported in the agriculture area, it was noted that the applied technologies of environmental perception, in terms of the primary employed sensor solutions, were divided into three categories: LiDAR, vision sensors, and multi-sensor fusion-based solutions. Multi-line LiDAR had better performance on many tasks when employing point cloud processing algorithms. Compared with LiDAR, depth cameras such as binocular cameras, TOF cameras, and structured light cameras have been comprehensively investigated for their application in agricultural robots. Depth camera-based perception systems have shown superiority in cost and providing abundant point cloud information. This study has investigated and summarized the latest research on 3D environmental perception technologies employed by wheeled robots in agricultural machinery. In the reported application scenarios of agricultural environmental perception, the state-of-the-art 3D environmental perception approaches have mainly focused on obstacle recognition, path recognition, and plant phenotyping. 3D environmental perception technologies have the potential to enhance the ability of agricultural robot systems to understand and adapt to the complex, unstructured agricultural environment. Furthermore, they can effectively address several challenges that traditional environmental perception technologies have struggled to overcome, such as partial sensor information loss, adverse weather conditions, and poor lighting conditions. Current research results have indicated that multi-sensor fusion-based 3D environmental perception systems outperform single-sensor-based systems. This superiority arises from the amalgamation of advantages from various sensors, which concurrently serve to mitigate individual shortcomings. [Conclusions and Prospects] The potential of 3D environmental perception technology for agricultural wheeled robots was discussed in light of the evolving demands of smart agriculture. Suggestions were made to improve sensor applicability, develop deep learning-based agricultural environmental perception technology, and explore intelligent high-speed online multi-sensor fusion strategies. Currently, the employed sensors in agricultural wheeled robots may not fully meet practical requirements, and the system's cost remains a barrier to widespread deployment of 3D environmental perception technologies in agriculture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance the agricultural applicability of 3D sensors and reduce production costs. Deep learning methods were highlighted as a powerful tool for processing information obtained from 3D environmental perception sensors, improving response speed and accuracy. However, the limited datasets in the agriculture field remain a key issue that needs to be addressed. Additionally, multi-sensor fusion has been recognized for its potential to enhance perception performance in complex and changeable environments. As a result, it is clear that 3D environmental perception technology based on multi-sensor fusion is the future development direction of smart agriculture. To overcome challenges such as slow data processing speed, delayed processed data, and limited memory space for storing data, it is essential to investigate effective fusion schemes to achieve online multi-source information fusion with greater intelligence and speed.

The purpose of the present research was to analysis the genetic diversity of Canarium album L. germplasm resources in eastern Guangdong, which provided reference for protect and research in Canarium album L. germplasm resources. In the present study, genetic diversity of 64 accessions Canarium album were investigated by using ISSR markers. A total of 128 bands were generated, of which 99 bands were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 77.34%. Population genetics analysis showed that the average observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H)and Shannon’s information index (I) were, 1.7734±0.4203, 1.4823±0.3888, 0.2746±0.1975, and 0.4072±0.2721 respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient among 64 accessions ranged from 0.5714 to 0.9379, and the average was 0.7793. 64 accessions were clustered into 5 groups by the method of clustering analysis, and 5 groups by the method of principal coordinate analysis. The result indicated that the genetic diversity of Canarium album germplasm was low in these areas, and the results of molecular clusters had no correlation with the geographical origin of accessions.

我国是畜禽养殖大国，也是兽用抗菌药物的生产和使用大国。兽用抗菌药的长期大量使用造成了环境污染、细菌耐药性增强、畜禽农产品安全风险增高等问题，危害人类健康。本文综述了我国2009—2019年间兽用抗菌药的用量，分析了兽用抗菌药的使用现状及特征，发现2009—2019年兽用抗菌药物用量占兽用化学药品用量的比例在69.6%～74.1%之间，兽用抗菌药用量在2014年达到最大值，随后逐年降低。兽用抗菌药的主要使用类型以四环素类为主，以促生长为目的使用的抗菌药物以金霉素和土霉素为主。通过对不同食品中抗生素的残留情况进行分析发现，抗生素在牛奶、养殖鱼和蔬菜中的检出率为90.9%～100%，且养殖鱼中喹诺酮类抗生素平均残留量为725.13μg·kg~(-1)，超出国家食品安全限量标准（100μg·kg~(-1)）。本文同时总结了环境中抗生素残留情况及细菌耐药性的产生及其机制，探讨了抗生素大量使用对动物及人体健康的危害，最后分别从源头、使用、排放和修复等角度对抗生素污染防治提出管理建议和措施，以期助力抗生素污染控制。

In order to understand current status and hot issues of rural habitat environment at home and abroad, using CiteSpace literature analysis software, an analysis of those research literatures about rural habitat environment selected from 2002 to 2022 China Knowledge Network (CNKI) and Web of Science core collection database was carried out, and a knowledge map of rural habitat environment research at home and abroad was drawn. The results show that: (1) the number of publications abroad is more than that in China, and the research theories are richer; the cooperation network of research between authors abroad is closer than that in China, indicating more interdisciplinary exchanges; the main publishing institutions at home and abroad are concentrated in universities; the US and China are the main publishing countries. (2) The domestic researches mainly focus on the hard and soft environment of rural areas, including those topics around "rural revitalization", "new rural areas", "rural governance" and "rural development". While the researches abroad focus on the impact of rural habitat on villagers, the topics are mainly around "climate change", "mental health", "physical activity" and "infectious diseases". In the future, the combination of theory and practice in rural habitat research should be further strengthened, and both qualitative and quantitative research methods should be emphasized. Moreover, the depth and breadth of rural habitat research will be expanded based on a multidisciplinary perspective.

In this study, association between temperature and humidity changing of different cross-section of microorganism fermentation bed and micro-climate condition of pigsty was analyzed to discover the mechanism of microorganism fermentation bed. The results showed that: (1) There was significant difference in temperature changing between different cross-sections of microorganism fermentation bed (P<0.01). Temperature of cross-section at 10 cm was increased 2.56℃ than surface (P<0.05), Temperature of cross-section at 20-40 cm was increased 7.10-9.42℃ than surface (P<0.01). (2) The packing moisture content of cross-section of fermentation bed in 10cm was higher 11.5% than 20cm (P<0.05) and 13.5% than 30 cm (P<0.05), respectively. There were no significant moisture content difference between cross-section at 20 cm and 30 cm (P>0.05). (3) There were no significant association between temperature and moisture content of different cross-section and micro-climate condition (P>0.05). The results showed, microorganism fermentation bed temperature does not vary with the change of environmental temperature and humidity, the surface and internal temperature can be maintained relatively stable.

The past and current situation of the national fruit germplasm repository was summarized, with an emphasis on the history and the achievement in the research of collecting, evaluating and utilizing the fruit germplams in China. The problems encountered in the maintenance and researches of fruit germplams were addressed. The future prospect of the fruit germplasm research was briefly discussed.

The fine breeding of livestock and poultry facilities is the frontier of the development of modern animal husbandry. The core of the fine breeding of livestock and poultry facilities lies in the deep integration of the "Internet of Things+" with traditional farming facilities. In recent years, with the withdrawal of more and more individual family-based breeding models, the management methods of livestock and poultry farms in China have gradually moved towards intensification, large scale,and automated facilitation. The traditional family-style livestock and poultry management experience is falling behind and gradually withdrawing from the historical stage. The refined farming of livestock and poultry facilities based on the individual animal management and quality assurance of farmed animals and animal welfare requirements have become the latest development trend of livestock and poultry farming industry. The rapid development of digital and network technology will provide new opportunities for the organic combination of animal husbandry production, animal welfare, information management and sustainable utilization of natural resources. Economic benefit, animal health and welfare, refinement of production process management and product quality are three key factors that affect the sustainable development of animal husbandry. In this paper, based on expounding the importance of the information sensing and the environmental regulation and control of the fine breeding livestock and poultry facilities, a cutting-edge technology of the information sensing and the environmental regulation and control of the livestock and poultry facilities was introduced; problems and challenges to be faced with were analyzed; and it was concluded that the smart sensor technology would become the base driving force for progress of livestock and fine poultry breeding facilities, taking account of the welfare of livestock and animal performance of animal anthropomorphizing intelligent control technology and strategy is facing significant challenges. In the field of pig farming, the core direction is mechanized production mode, which is light simplification, feed hygiene and animal health. In the field of cattle farming, the main direction is the automation of the whole chain of forage and the safety of its enclosure facilities. In the field of milking technology, the frontier of technological innovation is to further improve milking efficiency and quality, milking process, low disturbance milk metering, and cow individual milk production prediction. In the field of poultry production, similar to cattle farming, more attention is paid to the improvement of engineering processes such as bedding, environment and drinking water. Finally the paper put forward suggestions on how to implement the key technologies of fine farming of livestock and poultry facilities in China, with purpose of providing theoretical reference and technical support for the transformation, upgrading sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding industry.

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate some major phenotypic characteristics diversity of mandarin germplasms and explore the comprehensive method for screening important mandarin germplasm resources. 【Method】 The diversity evaluation of 18 phenotypic traits in 239 mandarin accessions were carried out. Variation coefficients, Shannon-Weaver Information index cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics. 【Result】 Based on the variation coefficient of 239 mandarins, large variations were found in the traits of seed numbers per fruit (SNF), the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity (TSS/TA), the contents of titratable acid (TA), fruit weight (FW), while genetic characteristics of fruit shape index(FSI), segment numbers per fruit (SNPF), the contents of total soluble solids (TSS) kept relatively stable. Shannon-Weaver Information index showed that the diversity level of FW, fruit diameter (FD), fruit length (FL), SNPF, petiole length (PL), leaf lamina length (LLL), leaf lamina width (LLW), the contents of reducing sugar (RS) and invert sugar (IS) were high, while fruit surface texture(FST), SNF, TSS/TA had low diversity level. The variance analysis was conducted to evaluate the trait difference of 239 mandarin accessions, which divided into five different geographical origins. The result showed that mandarin accessions from America have higher average contents of TSS and IS; the mandarin accessions from Japan have larger FW, FD and FL and lower SNF. Mandarin accessions from the Yangtze River Basin were larger fruit size, higher contents of the TSS, RS and IS than the Pearl River Basin, but lower TSS/TA. Variance analysis for wild germplasms, landraces and bred varieties showed that bred accessions have larger fruits, smoother peels, fewer seeds, lower contents of TA and higher contents of sugar content. Both the cluster analysis and PCA suggested genetic variations were presented in different geographical origins. Small fruit type accession from China should be thought as an unique subgroup, Green Peel Mi Ju is an unique citrus accession. Principal component analysis showed that the variation cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was accounted for 81.94%. The average F value from the comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of 239 mandarins was 0.480. The highest F value (0.664) was given to Ehime Kashi No.21 from Japan. The lowest F value (0.211) was Shikuwasha. The correlation analysis between the phenotypic traits and F value showed that the phenotypic traits except FST were significantly correlated with the F value. Nine phenotypic traits, including fruit length (FL), FSI, FST, SNPF, PL, LLW, the contents of TSS, TA and RS, were selected out as evaluation indexes by stepwise regression analysis. 【Conclusion】 Mandarin accessions presented large phenotypic diversity. The traits difference of the accessions from different geographical origins or germplasm types are great. Nine phenotypic traits could be used as important evaluation charaterisitics for screening unique mandarin.

The storage environment of grain affects the growth, development, reproduction, survival rate and population dynamics of stored grain pests, and the main influencing factors are temperature, humidity, food, gas and so on. In order to clarify the effects of different environmental factors on the development of grain storage pests, the status quo, and latest progress of research about the effects of different storage environments on grain storage pests in recent years were reviewed. The environmental requirements of grain storage pests vary from species to species, and their growth, development, reproductive potential, vitality and seasonal behavioral activities will change along with the environment change. In recent years, the studies on using environmental factors to control the damage of grain storage pests have been carried out extensively, and most of them focus on the control of grain storage pests through temperature, humidity and gas regulation, to achieve the purpose of green grain storage. Based on the analysis and summary, the development prospect of using environmental factors to control pests in stored grain is prospected, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection and implementation of pest control methods in the future, and provides a reference for the further development of technical equipment.

The scale of activities related to crop germplasm is massive, including basic work (germplasm collecting, documentation, multiplication, conservation, regeneration, distribution and information system establishment, etc.), basic research (studies on crop origin, domestication and dispersal, germplasm classification, ethnobotany, indigenous knowledge, etc.), and applied basic research (genetic diversity assessment, precise phenotypic evaluation of important traits, germplasm genotyping, gene discovery and allele mining, germplasm enhancement etc.). With the efforts in the last century, the basic work on crop germplasm has been very fruitful and the system of crop germplasm conservation and utilization has been established in the world. Because the traditional ideas and methodologies based on morphology had their innate disadvantages, however, the basic research and the applied basic research had developed along at an agonizingly slow pace before genomics appeared. With rapid development of molecular marker technology and next-generation sequencing technology, theories and techniques of genomics have extended to multi-faceted germplasm research, resulting in revolutionary changes of conception and methodology in germplasm conservation, in-depth research and utilization. The achievements made in genomics provide not only theoretical guidance to collecting and conservation of crop germplasm, but also core theories and techniques to clarify crop origin and evolution. Meanwhile, genomics has the power to promote the efficiency of gene discovery and germplasm enhancement. Especially, the rapid development of whole genome sequencing, genome re-sequencing and simplified genome sequencing enable comparisons of genomic variation in different germplasms at the whole-genomic level. Further, crop origin can be illustrated and effects of domestication, improvement and dispersal on germplasm can be clarified. Population structure and genetic diversity of crop germplasm preserved in genebanks and existing in the wild can be evaluated in depth, generating huge amounts of information useful in designing optimum strategies of ex situ preservation and in situ conservation of crop genetic resources. Through integrating phenotypic data, new genes and their favorable alleles can be mined by using various approaches such as linkage mapping and association analysis. In addition, germplasm enhancement can also be benefited from the advances in genomics through the use of alleles discovered and other molecular marker-based techniques such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. This paper reviews the advances of genomics-based crop germplasm research, especially the applications of genomics in germplasm genotyping, ex situ and in situ conservation, crop origin and evolution research, structural diversity assessment, gene discovery and allele mining, and germplasm enhancement etc. Finally, future development directions and priorities in the field are proposed, which emphasize the close combination of genomics and crop germplasm research to provide a strong support to effective conservation and efficient utilization of crop germplasm in terms of theories, techniques, materials and information.

【Objective】 Analyzing the evolutionary patterns of genetic diversity of wheat germplasm resources, providing richer and more diverse original parental materials for parental selection and variety selection in wheat breeding in Shanxi Province.【Method】 Using 323 landraces and 105 cultivated varieties as natural populations, a 55K SNP chip was used to perform whole genome scanning on 428 natural populations, analyzing genetic diversity, genetic structure, principal components, genetic clustering, and phylogenetic relationships among varieties. 【Result】 The distribution of SNP loci on 21 chromosomes ranged from 329 to 1 639, with an average of 1 152. The distribution range of 7 partially homologous groups is 2 154-3 852, with an average of approximately 3 456. The distribution pattern of the genome is: B genome>A genome>D genome. Genomic annotation polymorphism markers have the highest distribution among gene regions, accounting for about 50%. Analysis shows that SNP loci cover 21 chromosomes, 7 homologous groups and 3 genomes, but their distribution varies, with a polymorphism rate of 45.60%. The average observed heterozygosity of the entire population (0.0185) was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.4992). The changes in the average shannon wiener index and polymorphism information content of the entire natural population were not significant. Comparing the diversity parameters of natural populations, it was found that the genetic diversity of the population is not high, the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties is slightly higher than that landraces. The population structure analysis of natural populations divides the population into two major groups. Group I has 307 materials, mainly landraces. Group Ⅱ has 121 materials, mainly cultivated varieties. The natural groups were divided into five groups by both principal component and cluster analysis. The average genetic distance between the varieties in group I is 0.21831, with a range of 0.00127-0.72461. The average genetic distance between varieties in group Ⅱ is 0.14619, with a range of 0.00038-0.76489. The varieties in group Ⅲ the average genetic distance between the varieties of group Ⅳ is 0.16521, with a range of 0.00049-0.43033. The average genetic distance between varieties of group Ⅳ is 0.17643, with a range of 0.00118-0.60496. The average genetic distance between varieties of group V is 0.12039, with a range of 0.00042-0.37032. It can be seen that the variation of genetic distance between wheat varieties is large in Shanxi Province. However, the average genetic distance value is low, the clustering classification differentiation is obvious. The genetic relationship between varieties in the middle of the group is relatively close. Comparison shows that the average genetic distance of group I and group Ⅳ is higher than that of group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group V. The genetic distance variation of group I and group Ⅳ is higher than that of group Ⅲ and group V. It can be seen that the genetic distance of cultivated varieties is generally greater than that of landraces.【Conclusion】 The 55K SNP chip was used to analyze the genetic diversity of Shanxi winter wheat germplasm resources, clarifying the distribution characteristics of genetic diversity at the genomic level between Shanxi wheat cultivated varieties and landraces. The introduction of exogenous genes into cultivated varieties is beneficial for improving genetic diversity, while the genetic diversity of landraces is relatively low. At the same time, the genetic relationships of very few varieties are polarized, so it should be rationally used differently in subsequent utilization.

Crop germplasm are basic resources for global food security and sustainable development and material base for original innovation of agricultural science and technology and development of modern seed industry. The science of crop germplasm resources is a scientific discipline devoting to the research on diversity and its use of crops and their wild relatives. The three basic theories of the science include the theory of centers of origin of cultivated plants， the law of homologous series in variation and the synergistic evolution theory of crop germplasm resources and cultural environments and social development. The basic attributes of the science include genetic diversity， genetic specificity， genetic integrity and genetic accumulativeness. The science covers theories， technologies， management and systems involving in survey， conservation， evaluation， research， germplasm enhancement and sharing service of crop germplasm resources. This paper establishes the theoretical framework of the science of crop germplasm resources， defines basic concepts and attributes related， and proposes development strategies of the science， esp. in China.

[Objective] Rapid recognition and automatic positioning of table grapes in the natural environment is the prerequisite for the automatic picking of table grapes by the picking robot. [Methods] An rapid recognition and automatic picking points positioning method based on improved K-means clustering algorithm and contour analysis was proposed. First, euclidean distance was replaced by a weighted gray threshold as the judgment basis of K-means similarity. Then the images of table grapes were rasterized according to the K value, and the initial clustering center was obtained. Next, the average gray value of each cluster and the percentage of pixel points of each cluster in the total pixel points were calculated. And the weighted gray threshold was obtained by the average gray value and percentage of adjacent clusters. Then, the clustering was considered as have ended until the weighted gray threshold remained unchanged. Therefore, the cluster image of table grape was obtained. The improved clustering algorithm not only saved the clustering time, but also ensured that the K value could change adaptively. Moreover, the adaptive Otsu algorithm was used to extract grape cluster information, so that the initial binary image of the table grape was obtained. In order to reduce the interference of redundant noise on recognition accuracy, the morphological algorithms (open operation, close operation, images filling and the maximum connected domain) were used to remove noise, so the accurate binary image of table grapes was obtained. And then, the contours of table grapes were obtained by the Sobel operator. Furthermore, table grape clusters grew perpendicular to the ground due to gravity in the natural environment. Therefore, the extreme point and center of gravity point of the grape cluster were obtained based on contour analysis. In addition, the linear bundle where the extreme point and the center of gravity point located was taken as the carrier, and the similarity of pixel points on both sides of the linear bundle were taken as the judgment basis. The line corresponding to the lowest similarity value was taken as the grape stem, so the stem axis of the grape was located. Moreover, according to the agronomic picking requirements of table grapes, and combined with contour analysis, the region of interest (ROI) in picking points could be obtained. Among them, the intersection of the grapes stem and the contour was regarded as the middle point of the bottom edge of the ROI. And the 0.8 times distance between the left and right extreme points was regarded as the length of the ROI, the 0.25 times distance between the gravity point and the intersection of the grape stem and the contour was regarded as the height of the ROI. After that, the central point of the ROI was captured. Then, the nearest point between the center point of the ROI and the grape stem was determined, and this point on the grape stem was taken as the picking point of the table grapes. Finally, 917 grape images (including Summer Black, Moldova, and Youyong) taken by the rear camera of MI8 mobile phone at Jinniu Mountain Base of Shandong Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute were verified experimentally. Results and Discussions] The results showed that the success rate was 90.51% when the error between the table grape picking points and the optimal points were less than 12 pixels, and the average positioning time was 0.87 s. The method realized the fast and accurate localization of table grape picking points. On top of that, according to the two cultivation modes (hedgerow planting and trellis planting) of table grapes, a simulation test platform based on the Dense mechanical arm and the single-chip computer was set up in the study. 50 simulation tests were carried out for the four conditions respectively, among which the success rate of localization for purple grape picking point of hedgerow planting was 86.00%, and the average localization time was 0.89 s; the success rate of localization for purple grape identification and localization of trellis planting was 92.00%, and the average localization time was 0.67 s; the success rate of localization for green grape picking point of hedgerow planting was 78.00%, and the average localization time was 0.72 s; and the success rate of localization for green grape identification and localization of trellis planting was 80.00%, and the average localization time was 0.71 s. [Conclusions] The experimental results showed that the method proposed in the study can meet the requirements of table grape picking, and can provide technical supports for the development of grape picking robot.

Microalgae, as the third generation biomass energy, has great potential in wastewater treatment. In order to seek more economical treatment methods, the co-culture of microalgae with other microorganisms can promote the flocculation harvest of microalgae and increase biomass and lipid production, thus reducing the cost of microalgae wastewater treatment. In this paper, the types of microalgae co-culture systems and the mechanisms, system settings, and influencing factors of microalgae co-culture treatment of wastewater were summarized. The current research of microalgae using wastewater as a growth substrate to produce high-value by-products was described, and the prospects and challenges of wastewater treatment and reutilization by microalgal co-culture were pointed out.

The economic development and human activities have accelerated the destruction of the ecological environment, and the discharge of industrial and domestic sewage has aggravated the pollution of rivers and seawater, as well as the harmful substances to human health continuously. Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism. Compared with other animal models, D. melanogaster has many advantages such as low feeding cost, short life cycle, high fecundity, relatively simple genetics, multiple mutant phenotypes and easy to be identified, which is a model organism widely used and suitable for studying human diseases and toxicology. In this review, the toxicological studies of volatile organic compounds, fluoroquinolones, heavy metals, pesticides and microbial toxins in the water environment on D. melanogaster were summarized, and the advantages of D. melanogaste as a classic model organism in studying toxicological mechanisms and screening anti-toxic drugs and the prospects for the future development trend of D. melanogaster were discussed.

This review summarized the research progress of fruit tree germplasm resources and genetic breeding as well as the understanding and thinking of several issues. The main results were as follows: 1. Although China was the world’s largest fruit tree resource country and the origin and evolution center (one of) of many fruit trees, such as citrus, apple, pear, peach, longan, loquat, banana, kiwi, plum, apricot, jujube and persimmon, the discovery, innovation and utilization of wild germplasm and famous local varieties needed to be further strengthened. 2. According to the source of genetic variation, the fruit tree breeding mainly had two approaches: hybrid breeding and bud sports selection; the first generation of fruit tree hybrids was widely separated, and the genotype with the strongest heterosis was selected for each breeding. It became a new variety through asexual reproduction, and was used for a long time in production. The three hypotheses of dominant, superdominant and epistasis were the main genetic basis of heterosis; the analysis of the main characters of the new varieties of Fuji and Luli apples, Muscat Hamburg grape, and Shannongsu pear and their parents showed that selecting varieties with complementary traits as hybrid parents and selecting varieties with complex genetic background as female parents were important guidelines for the efficient utilization of fruit tree heterosis. Hybrid breeding was to determine the breeding goals according to the variety needs of the industry, to carry out parental selection and matching, and to breed new varieties with complementary parental traits and obvious heterosis. Bud mutation selection was the use of somatic natural mutations and epigenetics to repair and improve the individual traits of the main plant varieties in production; therefore, the organic combination of hybrid breeding and bud sports selection was an important technical approach to solve the variety problem of fruit tree industry. 3. In the face of rural revitalization and the country’s reform of the talent evaluation mechanism of “Persist in evaluating talents based on ability, actual performance and contribution, and overcome the tendency of only education, qualifications, and papers”, this review explained the scientific research ideas and classic cases that agricultural scientists must adhere to “Equal emphasis on technological innovation and the combination of good varieties and methods”.

There are many factors which can affect the yield of sugarcane, including the natural conditions, production conditions, cultivation system, cultivation and management technologies and variety characteristics, and the sugarcane yield is also closely related to meteorological factors. Rainfall has key influence on sugarcane at elongating and maturity stage, and has a positive correlation with the yield. The exploration and utilization of drought resistance genes can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane. Atmospheric relative humidity, temperature and light are important factors affecting sugarcane elongation, sugar content accumulation and yield per unit area. Under the influence of unique climate condition, the yield and sugar content of sugarcane are limited by factors such as drought, typhoon, flood, low temperature and high humidity and etc. Based on the analysis of the influence of meteorological factors of rainfall, humidity, sunshine on sugarcane yield, the research progress of sugarcane stress resistance genes were summarized. It was proposed that the development of molecular-marker assisted selective sugarcane breeding could play an important role in increasing sugarcane yield, and support the research on the relationship between agrometeorology and sugarcane production.

【Objective】The study on the diversity and genetic rules of catkin phenotypic traits of 211 Chinese chestnut germplasms from 10 provinces was conducted, in order to provide valuable basic data and theory foundation for the protection, utilization, innovation and genetic improvement of existing germplasm resources. 【Method】According to the method described in Descriptors and Data Standard for chestnut(Castanea mollissima Bl.), the data were collected for 15 phenotypic parameters of catkin phenotypic traits from 211 Chinese chestnut germplasms from 10 provinces in Germplasm Repository of chestnut of Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Then, the genetic variation analysis, Shannon-index, correlation andprincipal component analysis of chestnut flower phenotypic traits were carried out by using the SPSS20.0 software. The Chinese chestnut were clustered using MEGA 7.0 according to morphological data.【Result】phenotypic traits related catkin of Chinese chestnut were rich in phenotypic diversity, with mean variation coefficient (CV) of 28.23% and Shannon's diversity index(H') of 1.70. The mean variation coefficient (CV = 60.66) of female flower numbers/bearing shoot was the largest, the mean variation coefficient (CV = 7.37）of male catkin numbers/ catkin numbers was the smallest. The Shannon's diversity index (H'=1.99）of floral axis width/catkin width was the highest, The Shannon's diversity index (H'=1.41) of bisexual catkin numbers/bearing shoot and bisexual catkin numbers/catkin numbers were the lowest. Further analysis showed that the phenotypic diversity of Chinese chestnut existed differences among 10 populations, which was the highest in Hebei province. Catkin length, floral axis width, catkin density, female flower numbers/bearing shoot, bisexual catkin numbers/catkin numbers, male catkin numbers/catkin numbers, female flower numbers/bearing shoot were highly significant, which indicated that a wide range of variation existed in these two levels. The correlation analysis showed that: catkin morphology traits were highly significantly or extreme significantly related, catkin number traits were highly significantly or extreme significantly related, and the correlation between catkin morphology traits and catkin number traits were not highly significantly related. Principal component analysis showed that catkin traits in the first 5 principal components reflect the total information content 84.18%, catkin length, bisexual catkin numbers/bearing shoot, catkin width, catkin length/catkin width, female flower numbers/ bearing shoot, male catkin numbers/catkin numbers, bisexual catkin numbers/catkin numbers, stamen length height characters were the main factors causing variation in traits of Chinese chestnut. The 211 materials were divided into 8 kinds of cluster analysis. Catkin character same source with similar material part could get together, and the results were similar to principal component analysis.【Conclusion】There were abundant variation and high genetic diversity degree based on the phenotype of catkin phenotypic traits of Chinese chestnut. The degree of genetic variation and diversity was different between regions, for there were significant differences in traits between populations. The correlations between catkin morphology traits and catkin number traits were not highly significantly related. 8 traits were selected to be as the important comprehensive evaluation indexes used for Chinese chestnut germplasm. 9 chestnut germplasm with more female flowers was selected as parent materials to control sex and improve the yield.

The fruit characters of grape varieties collected in Zhengzhou germplasm repository are characterized and evaluated in this paper. The results show that the grape resources have diversity in shape and average weight of bunch and berry, total sugar content, total acid content, color of skin, firmness of flesh, particular flavor. The conical bunch shape, the circular and oblate berry shape, soft fresh, and flavor-less are the main characteristics of grape germplasm resources.

In order to improve decision-making and analysis ability of capital rural and agricultural, and further integrate and develop suburban information resources, Beijing suburban natural resources and socio-economic information management platform was constructed. Firstly, structure and content of system platform were elaborated from structure, data organization, function modules, monitoring range and content; Secondly, platform technology structure researches were developed such as data standardization processing, multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, spatial integrated storage and management, data collection and rapid updating; Finally, operation and routine maintenance of platform were pointed out, and several aspects noticed in its construction were also discussed. After 5 years of construction and operation, a space integrated management which combined suburban information resources qualitative analysis, quantitative calculation with visual display was achieved. It was very great significant for Beijing new socialist countryside construction and rural three agricultural development.

There is a deep relationship between phosphorus fertilizer apply and environmental quality. This article discusses these following factors. Over phosphorus fertilizer apply accelerates agricultural non-point pollution which improves the risk of eutrophication of surface waters. The heavy metal in phosphorus fertilizer has influence on soil environment and products quality which affect human health.