针对现有目标检测模型对自然环境下茶叶病害识别易受复杂背景干扰、早期病斑难以检测等问题，该研究提出了YOLOv5-CBM茶叶病害识别模型。YOLOv5-CBM以YOLOv5s模型为基础，在主干特征提取阶段，将一个带有Transformer的C3模块和一个CA(coordinate attention)注意力机制融入特征提取网络中，实现对病害特征的提取。其次，利用加权双向特征金字塔（BiFPN）作为网络的Neck，通过自适应调节每个尺度特征的权重，使网络在获得不同尺寸特征时更好地将其融合，提高识别的准确率。最后，在检测端新增一个小目标检测头，解决了茶叶病害初期病斑较小容易出现漏检的问题。在包含有3种常见茶叶病害的数据集上进行试验，结果表明，YOLOv5-CBM对自然环境下的初期病斑检测效果有明显提高，与原始YOLOv5s模型相比，对早期茶饼病和早期茶轮斑病识别的平均精度分别提高了1.9和0.9个百分点，对不同病害检测的平均精度均值达到了97.3%，检测速度为8 ms/幅，均优于其他目标检测算法。该模型具有较高的识别准确率与较强的鲁棒性，可为茶叶病害的智能诊断提供参考。

为了避免日光温室中卷式卷帘机械在工作时损坏前屋面覆盖层薄膜，通常会在卷帘机下方铺垫一条固定保温被。日间，这条保温被会遮挡进入日光温室的太阳光线并在室内形成阴影。针对固定保温被对室内光热环境分布和作物产量的影响，该研究对固定保温被下方的光照、温度和作物的产量进行测试，同时利用太阳直射辐射理论提出固定保温被阴影宽度的计算方法。结果表明，在试验期间固定保温被正下方的光照强度平均值为198μmol/(m~2·s)，距离固定保温被4.0～5.0 m位置处的光照强度是固定保温被正下方的2.0倍以上。日间，固定保温被正下方的空气温度、墙面温度和土壤温度相比于固定保温被两侧最大降低2.2、5.8和2.3℃。夜间，墙面温度和土壤温度最大降低1.2和1.3℃。固定保温被正下方单垄番茄相比于其他垄平均减产36.2%，植株茎粗平均减小2.0～4.0 mm。不同地理位置和不同方位角的日光温室受到固定保温被遮阴在室内形成的阴影宽度范围为11.0～14.0 m。该研究定量分析了使用中卷式卷帘机械的日光温室中固定保温被对室内光热环境和作物产量的影响。

探索淮河生态经济带耕地资源分布变化特征，可为保护耕地、保障国家粮食安全提供规划和决策依据。基于1990—2020年遥感影像数据，利用空间探索、统计分析等方法，揭示该区域耕地资源在过去30年的时空分布变化及其驱动机制，并进一步对2030年土地利用进行情景预测。结果表明：1）淮河生态经济带土地利用结构以耕地为主，平均占比为68.70%；近30年来研究区耕地面积剧烈缩减8.63×10~5 hm~2，年均减少2.88×10~4 hm~2，其中旱地减少占耕地总减少量的81.69%；耕地的流失主要在于建设用地的侵占。2）耕地资源具有明显的集聚特征，以淮河为分界线集聚分布，呈现“东南水田、西北旱地”的典型分布特征。3）耕地资源分布变化的主导驱动因子包括农业机械化水平、粮食产量、人口等社会驱动力；生态驱动力各要素对耕地资源变化的驱动力则相对较为稳定。4）自然发展情景下，2030年耕地面积持续减少110 011 hm~2，在积极的耕地保护情景下，耕地面积将显著增加529 309 hm~2；采取耕地保护情景，鲁中南低山丘陵区以及桐柏—伏牛山通过开垦部分疏林地和低覆盖草地将其整治为耕地，东部沿海可将沿海水域合理建设为建设用地，中部区域可通过减少建设用地的碎片化，较大程度上使耕地资源的连片化，从而在一定程度上提高耕地的利用效率。研究对于优化淮河生态经济带耕地资源结构以及空间优化配置具有重要意义。

为研究空间分布差异性对新疆沙棘资源果实品质及营养成分的影响。以5个县的‘深秋红’‘无刺丰’‘状圆黄’沙棘品种为供试样本，并对供试样本的可溶性固形物、蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、总酸、维生素C、微量元素、总黄酮、脂肪酸、花青素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素含量测定，后进行主成分分析并计算综合得分。13个供试沙棘样品果实中各营养及药用成分均存在不同程度的差异性。青河县沙棘果实综合测试指标比布尔津县综合高出0.93～5.54倍，比哈巴河县综合高出0.90～4.49倍，比乌什县综合高出0.99～13.67倍，比阿合奇县综合高出1.10～4.98倍。青河县沙棘品种‘状圆黄’果实各项品质指标表现最优，综合得分为6.04分；且青河县沙棘资源整体综合得分最高，平均为3.54分。青河县更适宜沙棘的生长发育，种植的沙棘果实品质更为优异，13个供试沙棘样品中青河县‘状圆黄’果实品质最佳。

This article studied the laws of the quality change of Brassica napus L. in different altitude environments, aiming to provide a reference for high altitude Brassica napus L. introduction and quality breeding. The effects of three altitudes on the quality of erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid of C18 fatty acids in rapeseed were compared and analyzed with 11 rapeseed lines. The results showed that the oil content of Brassica napus L. seed showed an increasing trend with the increase of altitude, and the performance among lines was consistent, with a coefficient of variation of 0.0822. Erucic acid content increased significantly after planting at high-altitude in Lhasa, and the content of glucosinolate increased to different degrees in high altitude planting than in low altitude planting. The coefficient of variation between the two was larger, which was 0.3364 and 0.4920, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that erucic acid content and oil content were significantly positively correlated with altitude, and the correlation coefficients were 0.865 and 0.750, respectively. Glucosinol was significantly correlated with altitude, and the correlation coefficient was 0.428. High altitude was conducive to the accumulation of oil content, erucic acid and glucosinolates. The elevation of latitude was conducive to the accumulation of palmic acid and stearic acid, and the change of temperature was the main factor of most quality content changes.

In Tai'erzhuang District National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve of Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco, the catch was obtained by setting up three multi-mesh compound gill nets and setting series cage pots, and the data of the catch were measured and analyzed. The present composition of fish, dominant species, biodiversity and the stock of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco) were investigated. A total of 22 species, belonging to 5 orders and 9 families, were detected, of which 14 species (64%) were cyprinoid, one species (4%) catfish and one species of herring (4%), three species of perch (14%) and three species of crustaceans (14%). For the protected species Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco, the total DNA was extracted by column genomic DNA extraction kit. The results show that the population structure is stable and the genetic diversity is at a high level, the wild germplasm resources are in good condition. This finding confirms that the biodiversity within the reserve is effectively maintained, and that positive outcomes have been achieved in the conservation efforts of pelteobagrus fulvidraco.

为摸清东北地区畜禽粪污处理技术与资源化利用模式应用现状,该研究采用问卷调研与现场评估相结合的方式,对黑龙江、吉林和辽宁3省272个规模化养殖场进行了调研,分析了养殖畜种与存栏量、粪污产生量、粪污处理技术、粪污处理设施设备以及粪肥还田参数等数据,总结了东北地区畜禽粪污处理技术应用现状和资源化利用模式特点。结果表明:东北地区主要粪污收集工艺为干清粪,占比达94.35%。固体粪便以堆沤肥工艺为主,占所调研养殖场的86.93%,各畜种粪便存储设施面积符合畜禽规模化养殖场粪污资源化利用设施建设规范要求。液体粪污主要处理方式为粪水贮存,占所调研养殖场的68.18%;奶牛养殖场粪水贮存设施小于建设规范要求。东北地区粪肥还田主要种植作物为玉米,占所有种植作物的78.13%,现有配套土地面积普遍低于畜禽粪污土地承载力测算需求面积。固体粪肥主要施肥方式为人工施肥,占比达88.00%;液体粪肥主要施肥方式为漫灌和喷灌,占比分别为54.17%和37.50%。整体来看,东北地区粪污处理与资源化利用主要技术模式为“干清粪+粪便堆沤+粪水贮存”。研究结果可为东北地区粪污处理和资源化利用模式推广和政策制定提供参考。

为可视化冷链储运过程中桑葚品质和剩余货架期,该研究通过单因素和正交试验调节木糖、甘氨酸、磷酸氢二钾(K_2HPO_4)浓度配比,实时记录不同配比时间温度指示器(time temperature indicator, TTI)的颜色及吸光度变化规律,寻求最佳浓度配比的TTI,利用傅里叶红外光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱探究TTI内在机理,并用动力学验证TTI恒温和断链情况下的适用性。结果表明,当木糖浓度为1.00 mol/L,甘氨酸浓度为2.00 mol/L,K_2HPO_4浓度为1.00 mol/L时TTI的吸光度更高,颜色变化更为均匀,通过阿仑尼乌斯方程得到TTI活化能为40.13 kJ/mol。桑葚在-1～25℃的失重率、花青素、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C的活化能分别为36.08、40.42、43.35、38.28、43.72、40.41 kJ/mol,与TTI活化能接近,说明TTI可以很好地监测桑葚的剩余货架期。此外,断链模拟结果显示,桑葚开始腐败时,TTI的颜色到达指示终点,桑葚品质变化与TTI颜色变化一致,且在不同温度波动试验下桑葚各指标和TTI的等效温度小于1℃,由此说明,在温度波动情况下TTI可以很好地监测桑葚的品质以及剩余货架期。研究结果可为桑葚在储运过程中提供有效的剩余货架期监测,通过调节TTI的制备参数可改变其使用寿命和适用范围,以匹配不同货架期的食品。

The collection, identification methods, and genetic diversity of Angelica dahurica germplasm resources were analyzed comprehensively, and the impact of production measures on its yield and quality was summarized. The methods for germplasm identification of Angelica dahurica included conventional identification, cytological methods, pharmacological components, DNA levels, and multiple evaluation methods. The diversity of germplasm resources included genetic diversity of phenotypic traits, quality traits, and molecular genetic diversity. The detection methods for molecular genetic diversity of germplasm resources included AFLP markers, SSR markers, ISSR markers, RAPD markers, and SRAP markers. During the planting process of this plant, factors such as fertilizer, soil type, rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria, post harvest stages, and sowing time all affect its yield and quality. The research provided references for the breeding and promotion of Angelica dahurica varieties.

[Purpose/Significance] AI technology has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities to the knowledge service industry, requiring innovation and reform of knowledge services in various dimensions, including technology, organizational mechanisms, and service models, to adapt to the development of emerging knowledge productivity. AI technology has not only changed the way knowledge is produc ed and disseminated, it has also significantly influenced the processes by which users acquire knowledge and the systems through which they produce knowledge. Simply promoting the empowerment of knowledge services through AI from a technical point of view is not enough to achieve the transformation and upgrading of knowledge service institutions. [Method/Process] This article begins with the multi-level transformative impact of AI technology on emerging knowledge productivity, proposing that generative AI has rapidly become a powerful new force in knowledge production, and that AI agents are gradually becoming revolutionary tools for the flexible design and innovation of complex processes. We argue that the rapid development of AI has deepened the connotations and forms of AI empowerment. The article further explores the barriers in production relations in the development of new quality productive knowledge services and examines the challenges of aligning traditional knowledge services with user knowledge processes and user production systems in the AI environment. We propose to promote the development of the knowledge service industry through multi-level AI empowerment and innovation of the traditional organizational mechanisms of knowledge services. The article emphasizes placing the construction of new production relations at the key point of AI empowerment, developing new user-oriented, user-process-driven knowledge service organizational models, and developing new docking logic and service embedding architectures between knowledge services and user production systems, as well as building user-oriented, service-driven internal organizational models. Specifically, we present possible new directions for knowledge service production relations, such as the Library-Inside model, the Inside-Out+Outside-In model, new docking architectures between knowledge services and user production systems, and reforms in internal organizational models of institutions. [Results/Conclusions] By exploring the multi-level transformative effects of AI technology and analyzing the barriers in the production relations of new quality productive knowledge services, this article proposes to reform and innovate the production relations of knowledge services. In order to promote the development of new quality productive knowledge services, we summarize the construction ideas of new-type knowledge service production relations, aiming to sustainably promote the development of new quality producitve knowledge services in the process of improving users' knowledge productivity and promoting the high-quality development of users' production systems.

9 soybean germplasm resources were selected, including JD001, JD002, and JD003, as materials, and 8 agronomic traits such as plant height, bottom pod height and main stem node number were evaluated by entropy weight TOPSIS method, and then cluster analysis was carried out in order to provide theoretical references for the breeding of new soybean varieties. The results showed that among various agronomic traits, the ones with higher coefficients of variation were effective branch number per plant (64.79%), bottom pod height (31.44%), and effective pod number per plant (28.77%), indicating that these 3 traits have rich genetic improvement potential and can be applied to soybean variety breeding and identification. Through entropy weight TOPSIS method and cluster analysis, 9 soybean varieties were divided into three types, one was JD006 (good type), the second category were JD001, JD004, JD005 and JD009 (medium type), the third category were JD002, JD003, JD007 and JD008 (general type). Among them, the soybean variety JD006 was suitable for use as a high-quality parent.

In order to cultivate high-quality applied talents, the characteristics of the curriculum and the training needs of environmental professionals were combined, attached importance to the application of practical case teaching method, and conducted practical case teaching analysis and exploration in the teaching process of Environmental Monitoring course. The investigation of soil pollution was taken as a practical case, conduct a detailed analysis of the investigation results. By investigating regional division, determining soil distribution principles and quantities, collecting soil samples, determining analysis indicators and testing methods, and verifying testing quality and results, a practical case soil environmental monitoring plan was formulated, and the testing results were analyzed. Practice had shown that, this practical case teaching model effectively improved teaching quality and provided references for the reform of case teaching in this course.

This study investigated 30 wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain of Yunfu from the primary agronomic characteristics, quality components, and suitability status. The aim of this study was to explore and utilize the wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain, and lay the groundwork for breeding and improvement of local new tea tree cultivars. Results indicated that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the 17 key biochemical indicators of Xiangwo tea resources ranged from 9.01% to 36.94%, suggesting a high diversity of tea tree resources. The theobromine exhibited the highest CV, while water extract showed the lowest. Among the five physical and chemical indicators, soluble sugar demonstrated the highest CV at 20.28%, whereas water extract had the lowest CV (9.01%). The phenol-to-amino acid ratio varied from 5.25 to 6.92, with a CV of 13.69. Sensory evaluation showed that black teas produced from Yunnan Daye and Shuixian group in spring had dark, tight shapes with abundant trichomes, fresh and relatively high aroma, thick and lingering sweet tastes, with an average score of 92.11. On the other hand, part of green teas produced in summer using the same tea materials had tight, yellow-green appearance with more trichome, bright yellow-green color of the tea soup, high chestnut aroma, and thick, robust taste with a sweet and fresh note, scoring an average of 88.78. The quality of black teas produced from CXY14, CXY15, and CXY17 in Yunnan large leaf group surpasses that of other individual tea plants. Similarly, the green teas made from CXX4 in Xinxing small leaves and CXY12 in Yunnan large leaves were better than other tea plant resources. Particularly, CXY4 represents a versatile tea tree resource suitable for producing both black and green teas. These tea resources have the potential to evolve into superior tea varieties in the Xinxing region.

This study aims to analyze one of the main obstacles in the consumption and processing of freshwater fish products - the earthy smell, especially its key odorant compound geosmin (GSM). By testing the GSM concentration in 84 aquaculture ponds in Jiangsu Province and their water environmental factors (including salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index), correlation analysis and path analysis methods were used to screen out the key environmental factors affectingGSM. The results show that the detection rate of GSM in all ponds is as high as 97.6%, with an average detected content of (27.83±20.06) ng/L, which largely exceeds the human perception threshold; salinity and permanganate index have a significant negative impact on GSM, and the direct effects of both salinity and permanganate index are greater than their indirect effects, with these two factors independently playing a negative regulatory role in the GSM of aquaculture ponds. Therefore, in the process of aquaculture management, salinity and permanganate index can be taken as the key environmental factors for monitoring the water environment of aquaculture ponds, targeted management measures can be adopted accordingly, thereby improving the water quality of aquaculture ponds and more effectively and conveniently solving the problem of earthy smell in aquaculture water bodies and products.

As an authentic medicinal material in Shanxi Province, Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. is well-known throughout the country for its quality and curative effect. In order to effectively protect the high-quality germplasm resources of Codonopsis pilosula, an efficient regeneration system of Codonopsis pilosula was constructed. In this experiment, Codonopsis pilosula seeds were used as test materials, using 4 different treatment methods, after isolation and wrapping, two different sterilizers were used to treat mercury and sodium hypochlorite, respectively, and the damage to the seeds by different treatments was observed to determine the best sterilization method.The results showed that under different sterilization treatments, the seed contamination rate was 0-92.7%, and the survival rate was 0.8%-91.3%. Based on the combination of pollution rate and survival rate, treatment 29 was selected as the best result and followed by treatments 30. After wrapping the seeds in method 4, the best effect was achieved after 60-120 s of mercury sterilization, and the survival rate of the seeds was 82.00%-91.3%, while the contamination rate was 2.17%-3.83%. This experiment establishes a seed sterilization method suitable for the regeneration system of Codonopsis pilosula and lays the foundation for biotechnological breeding of Codonopsis pilosula.

充分认识青藏高原地区耕地资源质量的空间格局与时间变化特征,是探索区域性耕地资源保护与可持续利用路径的重要基础,对维护青藏高原地区的粮食安全和社会稳定具有重要意义。设计空间抽样方案,利用较少的样点尽可能全面地表征区域耕地质量的总体特征,对于开展耕地资源质量长期观测与机理研究具有重要意义。该研究以青海省互助土族自治县为研究区开展基于耕地质量指标数据驱动的空间抽样实证研究,从信息熵、Kullback–Leibler散度、相似度距离、样本对总体耕地质量空间异质性的表征能力、样本空间分布均匀性等视角,对比分析随机抽样法(random sampling method,RSM),空间覆盖随机抽样法(spatial coverage sampling and random sampling,SPCOSA),条件拉丁超立方体法(conditioned latin hypercube sampling,CLHS),加入平面坐标的条件拉丁超立方体法(CLHS with x and y coordinates as covariates,XY＿CLHS),空间覆盖随机抽样与条件拉丁超立方体抽样的混合抽样法(spatial coverage sampling and random sampling–conditioned latin hypercube sampling,SPCOSA＿CLHS)5种空间抽样方法在青藏高原县级区域耕地质量指标调查观测点位布局应用中的优劣特征与适用性,并探索了研究区适宜的观测点位数量。结果表明:SPCOSA＿CLHS可以以较低空间约束的方式将SPCOSA指示的空间异质性特征集成到CLHS模型中,在表达总体的耕地质量指标属性特征和空间异质性特征方面更具优势;当抽样数量缩减到40～50时,抽样结果对总体耕地质量指标属性信息量的表征能力与抽样数量为100～200时近似;且SPCOSA＿CLHS方法在表达耕地质量指标空间异质性、设计样点分布的空间均匀性、模拟总体耕地质量特征的准确性方面具有明显优势。该研究可以为青藏高原地区耕地资源质量调查监测工作提供方法支持,对理解该地区耕地资源质量变化过程、探索耕地可持续利用路径具有重要作用。

In order to comprehensively grasp the changing law of water and heat resources in Qingyang, improve the level of meteorological forecasting and the ability to guide agricultural production activities, we used the maximum, minimum and average temperature and precipitation data of the 24 solar term days in 8 counties and districts of Qingyang City from 1971 to 2020, and adopted linear trend, polynomial function, correlation analysis, t-test and other methods to study the change rule of climate and response characteristics of Qingyang City based on the 24 solar terms. The results showed that the maximum, minimum and mean temperatures of the 24 solar terms showed an increasing trend and a quasi-normal single-peak distribution, in which the temperatures of the Dashu and Xiaoshu were the highest, and the warming trend was the most significant; the temperature variability and the daily difference of the temperature between the spring and autumn solar terms were large, in which Qingming and Lidong were the two terms with the largest fluctuation of temperature, which was consistent with the period of the early and late frost activities in Qingyang City; the temperature of the phenological solar term, Jingzhe, Qingming, Xiaoman and Mangzhong all showed a fluctuating increase, marking the beginning of different agricultural production periods. After Bailu, the summer heat gradually disappeared, and weather gradually cooled down from Shuangjiang, marking the entry into the wintering period. Qingming-Shuangjiang was Qingyang 's farming period. The precipitation in the 24 solar terms showed a unimodal fluctuation distribution, and the precipitation in Lichun-Dashu gradually increased in one year, and the maximum value appeared in the Liqiu. Guyu-Hanlu solar term was the most precipitation period, accounting for 87% of the total annual precipitation, which was roughly synchronized with the farming period. The precipitation of Chushu-Dahan solar term gradually decreased, and the minimum value appeared in the Winter Solstice; the fastest increase in precipitation was observed in the summer-type solar term, and the fastest decrease in precipitation was observed in the autumn-type solar term. Overall, the increase of heat resources and the fluctuation of precipitation increase, and the same season of rain and heat are conducive to agricultural development; however, the seasonal distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven, and the uncertainty of precipitation in the critical period of crop growth increases the risk of drought. The results of the study are of great practical significance for further improving the forecasting accuracy and guiding agricultural production.

【Objective】To analyze the genetic diversity of wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources, this study constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm and screened out excellent wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasms, so as to provide the valuable theoretical support for the innovation and variety selection of wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm.【Method】148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasms from different sources were used as the test materials, and then the genetic diversity analysis was conducted using 28 phenotypic traits and 19 pairs of SSR markers. A variety of multiple statistical methods, including variation coefficient, Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, subordinate function value analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and cluster analysis, were used to analyze the genetic diversity and comprehensively evaluate on wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources.【Result】Wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources exhibited high genetic diversity, with the genetic diversity index of the 11 qualitative traits ranging from 0.39 (Generotype) to 1.45 (Fruit shape), the genetic diversity index of the 17 quantitative traits ranging from 1.89 (First male flower node) to 2.09 (Petiole length), and the variation coefficients of the 17 quantitative traits ranging from 9.76% (Seed shape index) to 63.95% (Weight per fruit). The variation coefficients of the first female flower node (42.32%), fruit length (42.95%), fruit shape index (47.05%), first male flower node (47.48%) and weight per fruit (63.95%) were all greater than 40%, which showed great potential for genetic improvement. Principal component analysis showed that the 18 main phenotypic traits were integrated into 6 principal components, with contribution rates ranging from 6.427% to 29.605%, and the additive contributing rate came up to 81.236%. The phenotypic comprehensive evaluation F value calculated by subordinate function values analysis showed that the BR12 (1.47) and BR25 (1.14) had the best characteristics. 15 phenotypic traits were extremely significantly correlated with the F value. The mathematical model of phenotypic evaluation was established by stepwise regression analysis, and 9 phenotypic comprehensive evaluation indicators were screened out. The number of alleles amplified by 19 SSR primers in the population material ranged from 2 to 6, the variation range of polymorphic information was 0.02-0.70, the Shannon’s diversity index distribution range was 0.06-1.48, which showed that 148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of chieh-qua population was slightly higher than that of wax gourd population, and the genetic variation within individuals was the main reason for the overall genetic diversity of wax gourd and chieh-qua. Based on the classification of phenotypic traits and molecular markers, 148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources were divided into 6 categories and 3 categories, respectively.The clustering results of the two methods did not cluster wax gourd and chieh-qua resources into two categories, and there was no obvious correlation with geographical location.【Conclusion】148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasms resources had rich phenotypic genetic variation and high genetic diversity. The leaf length, first female flower node, fruit length, fruit thick, pedicle length, seed width, wax powder, fruit shape and seed type could be used as the key indicators for identifying wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources. The clustering results based on the classification of main agronomic traits and molecular markers were consistent to some extent. There was no obvious correlation between the cluster and the geographical origin.

In order to explore the effective way to realize the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, the current situation of the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources was systematically sorted out, and the realistic difficulties faced by the protection were deeply analyzed. The results show that, at present, the number of protected varieties has been increasing, regulations and policies have been improved, protected areas, seed conservation farms and gene banks have begun to take shape, and the quality of the workforce has been improved. However, it is also faced with the dilemma of not digging deep into the characteristics of resources, and the disconnection between protection and exploitation; the weak support of regulations and policies, and the lack of linkage in the management system; the obsolete facilities in the protected areas, conservation farms and gene banks, and the outdated protection technology; the insufficient financial support, and the single channel of investment. Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen the depth mining of resources, improve the level of development and utilization; establish and improve laws and regulations, integrate departmental management resources; strengthen the guidance of fiscal funds and establish a diversified investment and financing system; continue to promote the development and construction of seed conservation farms, protected areas and gene banks.

[目的]藜麦种子具有全谷物高营养的品质，但倒伏是制约藜麦产量的重要因素之一，明确藜麦作物茎秆的抗倒伏特性，有利于筛选具有不同倒伏能力的藜麦品种（系），为藜麦抗倒伏育种鉴定、评价和创新提供理论依据。[方法]本研究根据株高、籽粒大小、倒伏特性和生育期长短选取22份供试藜麦品种（系）并对其生育期、茎秆表型性状、茎秆机械强度和生理特征共16个指标进行测定和分析。[结果]22份藜麦品种（系）具有较高度的遗传变异，14个性状的变异系数为12.39%～81.08%，倒伏指数的变异系数最大，纤维素含量的变异系数最小。多因素方差分析得出作物倒伏特性与品种（系）、生育期、机械强度指标三者具有显著互作关系。相关性分析发现弯曲力矩、倒伏指数与茎秆表型性状、机械强度指标具有显著或极显著相关关系。基于13个茎秆特性指标以及隶属函数均值进行聚类分析可将22份藜麦品种（系）划分为3个类群，第Ⅰ类为抗倒伏组，第Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群为易倒伏组。多元线性回归分析得出，11个茎秆特性指标与倒伏指数和倒伏率做回归，R2均大于0.85。22份藜麦品种（系）的隶属函数均值为2.21～1.47，倒伏率范围为18.13%～91.83%，倒伏等级为2～5级。[结论]22份藜麦品种（系）农艺性状遗传多样性较为丰富，可为藜麦种质资源的创造提供参考。倒伏指数和弯曲力矩对作物倒伏能力评价具有重要作用。综合分析后推测K157、W120为抗倒伏品系，Y4、W26为易倒伏品系。

[目的]本研究旨在提高黄花菜的产量，探索适宜大同地区黄花菜的有效栽培模式。[方法]于2022-2023年，以‘大同黄花’为试验材料，采用垄作、平作和沟栽3种栽培方式，通过测定分析黄花菜根际土壤理化属性、根系活力与生物量等指标，探究栽培方式对黄花菜产量的影响。[结果]（1）垄作能显著降低0～20 cm土层土壤容重和土壤含水量，提高0～20 cm土层土壤孔隙度。垄作下0～10、10～20 cm土层土壤容重较平作分别降低4.88%和3.37%，土壤含水量分别显著降低17.03%和19.04%，土壤孔隙度分别提高8.28%和7.33%，而沟栽下0～10 cm土层土壤含水量较平作显著提高11.46%;(2)垄作提高0～20 cm土层土壤温度，尤其是表层0～5 cm温度变化幅度最大。（3）垄作提高0～30 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性，其中0～10 cm土层酶活性最高。（4）在黄花菜展叶期、初花期和盛花期，垄作下的土壤碱解氮含量分别显著提高81.12%、111.42%、40.64%。（5）垄作提高根系活力，在黄花菜抽薹期较平作显著提高21.36%，随着生育进程的推进，根系干物质逐渐增加，在盛花期垄作较平作提高27.63%。（6）在产量方面，垄作较平作显著提高28.89%。[结论]垄作可提高土壤温度、孔隙度、土壤酶活性及土壤养分含量，为黄花菜创造良好的生态环境，利于根系生长，实现黄花菜高产，因此垄作是适合大同地区黄花菜的高效栽培模式。

为了探索环境因子对云南哀牢山乔木物种的影响,加强环境因子的保护和利用,本文利用GIS技术和MaxEnt建模软件,分析各环境因子对该地区乔木群落的影响。结果表明,降水量季节性变异系数（Bio15）、土壤有机碳、年平均温（Bio1）和pH值水4个因子是影响乔木群落分布的主要因子,降水量季节性变异系数（Bio15）81.5~84.0,土壤有机碳150~210 g/kg,年平均温（Bio1）14~16 ℃,pH值水56.0~57.5（土壤pH 5.6~5.7）是乔木群落的最佳生长环境。平均日较差（Bio2）、昼夜温差与年温差比值（Bio3）、温度季节变化（Bio4）、坡向、最暖季度平均降水量（Bio18）、阳离子交换容量、坡度以及与道路的距离8个环境因子是次要影响因子,贡献率20.4%;气候、土壤、地形和道路干扰等12个环境因子对乔木群落分布均有一定影响。为了保护研究区乔木物种多样性,提出积极应对极端天气变化对乔木的影响和严格管控乔木林区人为活动等建议。

Based on the daily meteorological data of 95 meteorological stations in Henan Province from 1961 to 2020, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the climate resources and major agrometeorological disasters of facility agriculture were analyzed by using the methods of climate tendency rate and the Matlab and ArcGIS software. The results showed that the average temperature and the average minimum temperature in the growing season of facility agriculture in Henan Province showed a significant increasing trend, while the sunshine hours showed a significant decreasing trend. The spatial distribution showed a zonal distribution. The average temperature and the average minimum temperature increased from north to south, while the sunshine hours decreased from north to south. The number of low temperature stations with the daily average temperature < - 8℃ had a significant decreasing trend, and the number of sunshine days had a significant increasing trend, with the number of snowstorm stations no obvious trend of change. The days of low temperature decreased from north to south, while the days of sparse sunlight increased from north to south, with the spatial distribution of snowstorm days implicit. Arrangements on planning of facility agriculture should be done in Henan Province, because of the diversity of agricultural meteorological disasters.

保护、利用森林资源,需依托科学的规划调查,有效了解林业资源的生长及分布情况。将3S技术应用到森林资源规划设计调查工作中,能够确保规划调查工作高效真实。为进一步保护、利用森林资源,本文结合3S技术的原理和特点,从遥感（RS）技术应用原理、全球定位系统（GPS）技术应用原理、地理信息系统（GIS）技术应用原理方面分析了3S技术在森林资源规划设计调查中的应用优势,从监测和调查森林资源、预防森林火灾、防治森林病虫害方面介绍了主要工作内容,探讨了3S技术在森林资源规划设计调查中的具体应用策略,包括图形数据采集、解译标志建立、小班判读区划、外业调查和空间图形库建立等方面,对3S技术在森林资源规划设计调查中的应用前景进行展望。

The Agricultural Resources and Environment major was taken as an example to explore the reform of practical innovation and entrepreneurship teaching system under the guidance of new agricultural science education. The necessity of reforming the teaching system was analyzed, the areas for improvement in the teaching system were explored, and the requirements of the new agricultural education orientation for the reform of the teaching system were proposed. Starting from the construction of innovative curriculum system, optimization of talent training model, and construction of teaching resources and teaching staff, the ways of teaching system reform were analyzed. These reform measures, it was beneficial to promote the practical innovation and entrepreneurship teaching system of Agricultural Resources and Environment major to be more in line with the new agricultural science education orientation, comprehensively cultivate and exercise students’ practical abilities, and make them better adapt to the requirements of modern agricultural development.

[Purpose/Significance] This study aims to reveal the current state of the electroencephalography (EEG) technology application in the field of library and information science (LIS). By expanding the boundaries of the discipline, it provides insights into the future application of the EEG technology in the LIS field, highlighting its potential to enhance library services and user experience. [Method/Process] The research systematically reviews 65 empirical studies on the application of the EEG technology in the LIS field since the inception of the discipline. These studies were analyzed and organized to reveal the current state of the EEG technology applications in the field. The research examines the methodologies used, the specific applications of EEG in different library environments, and the results of these applications. In doing so, it highlights the role of the EEG technology in the development of intelligent library systems. [Results/Conclusions] This study finds from the 65 literature coding results that the literature on the application of the EEG technology in the LIS field has grown significantly in recent years, with three research foci: first, to study the impact of interface information layout on users' cognitive load and search efficiency; second, to study cognitive behavior in the field of information security; and third, to study the mechanism of followership in human decision making. Future directions and challenges for the application of cognitive neuroscience tools in this area are discussed in order to provide a reference for further applications of the EEG technology in the LIS field. This paper reveals the current research status and characteristics of the EEG technology in the LIS field, fills the gap in the research framework of the EEG technology application, and provides a reference for the further application of the EEG technology. However, the research also acknowledges certain limitations, such as the ambiguity of interpreting EEG research findings in fields such as LIS, and issues related to data privacy and security. These limitations suggest that there are still challenges to be addressed. Therefore, the effective integration of cognitive neuroscience with LIS requires further research and exploration. By providing a comprehensive review and analysis, this study sets the stage for future research that could address current limitations and advance the use of EEG in LIS. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary approaches to fully realize the benefits of the EEG technology in understanding and improving user interactions with library systems, ensuring information security, and enhancing decision-making processes in the library context.

【Objective】 Enolase is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of glycolysis, and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic stress. The function of common wheat enolase gene TaENO1-5B was revealed and molecular markers were developed to provide genetic resources for improving wheat through molecular breeding. 【Method】 TaENO1-5B was cloned from wheat variety Hanxuan 10. The domains of its encoded protein were analyzed on the SMART website. The secondary and tertiary structures of the protein were predicted by Phyre2 software. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of the target gene in wheat tissues at different developmental stages and its expression patterns under phytohormone treatment and abiotic stress. Thirty wheat germplasm with rich genetic diversity were used as plant materials to analyze the gene sequence polymorphisms, and develop molecular markers. The association analysis between TaENO1-5B haplotypes and phenotypic traits was carried out in a natural population consisting of 323 wheat accessions. The trend of breeding selection of superior haplotype in different wheat production zones in China was analyzed by using a landrace population and a modern variety population. 【Result】 TaENO1-5B gene consists of 17 exons and 16 introns encoding 446 amino acids and contains a conserved N-terminal domain and a C-terminal TIM (triose-phosphate isomerase) barrel domain. TaENO1-5B was expressed in all tissues of wheat at seedling, jointing, heading and flowering stages, and the expression level was higher in roots, root bases and spikes. The TaENO1-5B promoter region contains a variety of cis-acting elements, including elements responding to plant hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as well as elements responding to drought and low temperature. The expression of TaENO1-5B was significantly induced by phytohormones and abiotic stress in wheat. Four SNPs were detected in the promoter region and three SNPs in the gene region of the TaENO1-5B gene, which constituted three haplotypes, i.e., Hap-5B-1, Hap-5B-2, and Hap-5B-3. Among them, Hap-5B-2 was a favorable haplotype highly associated with shorter plant height, more spikelets per spike, and more grains per spike under various environments such as drought and high temperature, and had been positively selected in the breeding history of major wheat production zones in China. The KASP (kompetitive allele-specific PCR) marker developed based on the SNP (2 399 bp, G/A) of the TaENO1-5B promoter region was significantly correlated with the spikelet number per spike in multiple environments. 【Conclusion】 TaENO1-5B gene responds to phytohormones and abiotic stress, and is significantly correlated with plant height, spikelet number per spike and grain number per spike under various environments such as drought and high temperature. Hap-5B-2 is a favorable haplotype with shorter plant height and more number of spikelets and grains per spike. Molecular markers developed based on the variation sites of TaENO1-5B gene sequence can be used for genetic improvement of plant height and related yield traits in wheat.

采用样线法采样，利用形态学和分子生物学相结合鉴定方法，共鉴定出巴东县域内大型真菌57种，隶属于担子菌门伞菌纲7目25科40属，含多种食药用菌，大多经济价值较高；大型真菌属区系成分以世界广布属为主；大型真菌生长基质以地质为主，也有部分生长于腐木和球果。调查结果为保护、开发当地真菌资源及评价提供了依据。

针对在现有温室光环境调控模型中，未考虑光质-光强的协同影响以及净光合速率与光能利用率双优化的问题。该研究面向温室黄瓜的高效补光，提出一种基于多目标优化思想的光质-光强协同调控方法。通过设计多因子耦合的净光合速率试验，获取叶片的净光合速率数据，建立净光合速率模型，并计算叶片尺度的光能利用率；构建光能利用率与净光合速率双优化的多目标优化模型，利用多目标粒子群算法获取非劣解集，基于理想解逼近算法得到光质-光强的调控单点，从而建立设施黄瓜红、蓝光模型。理论验证试验表明，与光合最大补光法相比，净光合速率降低21.39%，需光量降低59.40%；与固定光质0.5和0.8相比，在相同光强下净光合速率依次提升3.66%和9.69%。在此基础上开展实际验证试验，结果表明与固定光质法相比，在耗电量相近的前提下，生理指标均优于固定光质补光法，且在茎粗、干质量以及壮苗指数上存在显著差异；与光合最大补光法相比，生理指标不存在显著差异，且耗电量节省27.43%，表明该研究方法在保证生理指标高水平的前提下，有效节省了光电资源的消耗。该研究方法为设施农业调控提供了新型补光策略，保障了农业生产资源的高效利用。