【Objective】In recent years, with the promotion of rain-shelter cultivation and double cropping techniques, grape production in hot zones has achieved off-season and high-efficiency production. However, hot-region grapes face problems such as poor flower bud differentiation, uneven germination, and "flower running", which are the main constraints on stable and high-quality production. This study aims to systematically investigate and evaluate the inflorescence attachment characteristics and development quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi, clarify the adaptability differences among different germplasms in hot zones, and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for variety breeding and production management.【Method】This study investigated and evaluated the germination rate, flower bud rate, shoot formation rate, number of inflorescences per shoot, inflorescence attachment node, inflorescence type and quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi for two consecutive years, covering European, American, and European-American hybrids. It deeply analyzed the quality differences and patterns among different varieties and inflorescence attachment nodes.【Result】Under the treatment of hydrogen cyanamide, all 98 germplasms could germinate and form shoots smoothly, among which 92 varieties could form normal inflorescences. The average germination rate was 90.42%, the shoot formation rate was 92.13%, the flower bud rate was about 61.06%, and the average number of inflorescences per shoot was 1.67. However, abnormal inflorescences were quite prominent, with a total proportion of 40.56%. This study classified abnormal inflorescences into three major types: tendrils type, differentiation cessation type and trophic tissue type. Among them, the tendril type was the most common, further divided into one to five tendril types, and all investigated varieties had two tendrils type inflorescences; the differentiation cessation type included single head type (only scales or death point), tendrils death point type, and branch death point type; the trophic tissue type included branch tendril and leaf tendril types. Shine Muscat showed all abnormal types and were representative materials of high sensitivity. Among the 8 investigated nodes, the inflorescence attachment was most concentrated at the 3rd and 4th nodes, accounting for 27.99% and 27.06% of the total inflorescences, respectively. The abnormal inflorescence rate at the 3rd node was the lowest, only 17.22%. Further population analysis indicated that V. vinifera L.×V. labrusca L. had higher flower bud rates (68.60%), more inflorescences per shoot (about 1.8), and higher normal inflorescence rates than V. vinifera (flower bud rate 46.59%). Moreover, varieties with high germination rates, flower bud rates, and shoot formation rates had more inflorescences per shoot and significantly lower abnormal inflorescence rates.【Conclusion】The attachment node of inflorescences significantly affects their quality performance. Among them, the middle nodes, especially the 3rd node, had the lowest abnormal inflorescence rate. Therefore, in production, for varieties prone to abnormal inflorescences, it is recommended to prioritize the retention of inflorescences at the 3rd node. Varieties with high germination rates, flower bud rates, and shoot formation rates and more inflorescences per shoot are more likely to obtain normal and high-quality inflorescences. Different grape populations show significant differences in inflorescence development and abnormal occurrence. V. vinifera L.×V. labrusca L. perform better in hot zones, with higher flower bud rates and normal inflorescence proportions. They are recommended as the preferred germplasm resources for cultivation in hot zones.

To cultivate talents in the field of environmental science, the problems existing in the Environmental Monitoring Experiments course were analyzed, such as rigid teaching mode, single content, one-sided assessment and insufficient innovation. Based on the OBE concept, reforms are carried out from 5 dimensions: teaching methods, teaching content, assessment system, laboratory management and innovative ability training. Specifically, a progressive teaching structure is constructed, the teaching syllabus is integrated, digital tools and modern monitoring technologies are introduced, a diversified assessment mechanism is established, the functional zoning of the laboratory is optimized, and practical innovation is strengthened by relying on the open laboratory and virtual simulation platform. After 8 years of practice, a series of achievements have been made, including the completion of relevant teaching reform projects, the compilation of 1 experimental instruction book and 1 set of multimedia courseware, and the establishment of a multi-dimensional performance evaluation system. In terms of students’ achievements, they have obtained 1 national-level innovation project, 2 first prizes in the college-level professional skills competition, and the relevant team has been awarded the provincial excellent practice team. The practice shows that the reform under the OBE concept can effectively improve the quality of experimental teaching, enhance students’ ability to solve practical environmental problems, and provide a reference for the practical teaching of environmental majors.

To explore effective approaches for improving the teaching quality of the Chinese Medicinal Resources course, this study focused on curriculum development and systematically investigated the implementation pathways of teaching reform for specialized courses by incorporating a small-class teaching model. Based on the characteristics of the Chinese Medicinal Resources course, a new teaching system was constructed, integrating theoretical instruction, practical training, and interactive discussions. Through reforms such as optimizing teaching content, innovating practical sessions, and improving evaluation mechanisms, the study emphasized the cultivation of students’ core professional competencies, including Chinese medicinal resource surveys and authentication of geo-authentic medicinal materials. The small-class teaching model was adopted, which effectively facilitated in-depth teacher-student interaction, enhanced the outcomes of practical teaching, improved students’ professional competence and self-directed learning abilities, and elevated overall teaching quality. This study provided valuable insights for the development of the Chinese Medicinal Resources course and held significant practical implications for cultivating high quality professionals to meet industry demands.

The research progress on the responses of plant leaf functional traits to environmental factors such as climatic factors (light, temperature, humidity), soil factors, and topographic factors (altitude, slope direction, slope position, and slope) was reviewed. In terms of climatic factors, different light conditions can lead to significant differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf lifespan, specific leaf area, and leaf size among plants. The relationship between leaf functional traits and temperature varies among different forest stands. The water transport capacity and hydraulic structure characteristics of leaves affect the water use efficiency, growth, competition and distribution of plants. Factors such as precipitation and soil humidity content can lead to diverse differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf size, specific leaf area and vein density among different plants. In terms of soil factors, the responses of plant leaf functional traits to different soil factors are different. In terms of topographic factors, the response mechanism of leaf functional traits to altitude is different in different developmental stages of different plants. The slope direction forms a local environmental gradient by regulating factors such as light and temperature, resulting in differences in leaf functional traits such as leaf area and specific leaf area among different plants. The utilization strategies of plant resources on different slopes are different, and there are differences in the performance trends of leaf functional traits such as leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area among different plants on different slopes. The functional traits of plant leaves vary with different slopes. This article provides a reference for clarifying the response mechanism of plant leaf functional traits to the environment.

In order to conduct a dynamic analysis of the fishery resources in Poyang Lake, a study on the resource status of Coilia nasus and its environmental carrying capacity under extreme low water levels was carried out. Based on the fishery resource survey data, the length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method was used to obtain the relevant parameters of Coilia nasus population, and the Ecopath model was applied to estimate its environmental carrying capacity under extreme low water levels. The results showed that the average L∞ of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake was 374 (368-381) mm; the resource status index E (F/Z) was 0.067, far less than 0.5; the ratio of current biomass to original biomass (B/B0) was 0.89 (0.225-2.6), which was greater than 0.5; from 2018 to 2022, L∞ and B/B0 showed an upward trend, while the ratio of fishing mortality to natural mortality (F/M) showed a downward trend, indicating that the resources of Coilia nasus showed a recovery trend after the fishing ban. The Ecopath model revealed that environmental carrying capacity of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake was 5.03 t/km² (approximately 1136.78 t), while its current biomass was 2.83 t/km² (approximately 639.58 t). Currently, the overall resources of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake are in an undeveloped state. The environmental carrying capacity has restricted the population growth of Coilia nasus to a certain extent, but there is still a large growth space for its population. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of Coilia nasus resources and the protection of the entire lake ecosystem in Poyang Lake.

To comprehensively assess the ecological status of the wetlands in the Anhui Chinese Alligator National Nature Reserve, this study conducted investigations on water quality, wetland animal and plant resources, invasive species resources, etc., in this area. Countermeasures for the areas that need improvement in the monitoring work were proposed. The results showed that the water quality at monitoring points 3, 4, 5 and 6 was relatively poor, with indicators such as ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen partly exceeding the standard; the wetland plant habitats in the study area were diverse, with 4 vegetation type groups, 10 vegetation types and 85 clusters. The bird species were relatively rich, with a total of 13 orders, 27 families and 53 species. Among them, Passeriformes had the largest number of birds, while non-Passeriformes have the largest numbers of Pelicans and Charadrians. Amphibians consisted of 2 orders, 6 families and 8 species, including Hoplobatrachus chinensis, Fejervarya multistriata, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, etc. There were 3 orders, 7 families and 9 species of reptiles, including Gloydius brevicaudus, Sinonatrix annularis, Zaocys dhumnades, etc. Benthic animal biodiversity was relatively high and evenly distributed, with 3 phyla, 5 classes, 20 families and 38 species (genera). There were 24 species of invasive alien plants from 13 families, including Phytolacca americana, Dysphania ambrosioides, Amaranthus hybridus, most of which belong to the Compositae family. There are areas in wetland protection work that need further improvement, such as water environment, scientific research and monitoring levels, and public publicity. Based on this, suggestions such as strengthening ecological protection and restoration, improving scientific monitoring, and enhancing publicity work are put forward to effectively protect the biodiversity in the research area. This article provides a reference for the scientific protection and breeding of Chinese alligators.

[Purpose/Significance] This paper investigates how generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping the Searching as Learning (SAL) paradigm, focusing on its implications, challenges, and prospects in Library and Information Science (LIS). Traditional SAL emphasizes the cognitive and metacognitive processes by which users acquire and construct knowledge through information retrieval. However, the advent of GenAI - especially large language models (LLMs) - introduces a transformative shift from keyword-based querying to dynamic, dialogic, and multimodal interactions. This study aims to clarify the conceptual and practical significance of GenAI-driven SAL, explore its technical trajectories, and evaluate its impact on learners' behavior, learning strategies, and information literacy. It also highlights the emerging ethical and epistemological challenges posed by GenAI systems in learning-oriented search contexts. [Method/Process] Using the PRISMA-ScR framework, this study conducted a scoping review of academic and gray literature published between January 2023 and May 2025. A total of 1 681 records were retrieved from major academic databases and preprint repositories. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 22 studies were selected for in-depth qualitative analysis. Thematic coding and synthesis were conducted to extract recurring patterns and theoretical insights across three key dimensions: GenAI-enhanced search technologies, evolving user behaviors in SAL contexts, and normative concerns associated with credibility, agency, and transparency. The analysis was grounded in LIS theories, including information behavior, metacognitive models of learning, and digital/information literacy frameworks. [Results/Conclusions] The results reveal that GenAI is fundamentally reshaping SAL in three key areas. First, in terms of technology, GenAI systems (e.g., GPT-based chat interfaces) provide conversational, context-aware, and multimodal assistance, transforming SAL from reactive searching to proactive co-learning. These systems scaffold learning through adaptive query reformulation, real-time content summarization, and source triangulations supporting iterative reflection and cognitive engagement. Such affordances mirror the functions traditionally associated with human tutors, thereby expanding learners' capacity for critical inquiry and self-directed exploration. Second, user behaviors in SAL are undergoing a paradigm shift. Learners increasingly engage in human-AI co-construction of knowledge, participating in iterative query-dialogue loops that facilitate concept clarification and knowledge synthesis. While this enhances engagement, personalization, and perceived learning efficiency, it also raises concerns. Over-reliance on AI-generated content may undermine learners' critical thinking, reduce information discernment, and promote passive consumption. The study identifies a dual effect. While GenAI augments higher-order thinking and strategic learning, it can also lead to superficial comprehension when learners lack the skills to critically evaluate AI output. Third, the review underscores the urgency of addressing ethical and pedagogical challenges. Issues such as AI hallucination, algorithmic opacity, and biased content threaten the credibility of GenAI-enhanced learning environments. From an LIS perspective, this necessitates a reconfiguration of information literacy education to include AI literacy. Students must be equipped not only to retrieve and evaluate information, but also to interrogate algorithmic sources, verify provenance, and triangulate AI outputs with authoritative references. GenAI should be positioned as a cognitive assistant, not a definitive knowledge authority. GenAI holds substantial promise in enhancing SAL through greater interactivity, personalization, and cognitive scaffolding. However, these benefits must be balanced with informed practices that mitigate risks to learner autonomy, critical reasoning, and information ethics. This work establishes an analytical foundation for future research and practices at the intersection of AI, learning, and information behavior.

[Purpose/Significance] As generative artificial intelligence (AI) transforms library services, existing evaluation systems fail to capture dynamic characteristics of AI-driven resource discovery. This study develops a dynamic evaluation framework for public libraries' AI-enhanced services, addressing the gap between technological innovation and service assessment. [Method/Process] The research employed a mixed-methods approach to develop and verify a multi-dimensional evaluation framework based on Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) theory. The framework comprises five primary dimensions: physical environment, technical architecture, content organization, user interaction, and innovation capability-operationalized through fifteen secondary indicators. Each indicator was carefully designed to capture AI-specific capabilities, including cognitive guidance efficiency, multimodal interaction precision, semantic network depth, and generation-enhanced utilization rate. A sophisticated hybrid weighting methodology was implemented, integrating subjective and objective approaches. For subjective weights, the Analytic Hierarchy Process was employed with 30 domain experts constructing pairwise comparison matrices using standardized scaling methods. Geometric mean aggregation was applied to synthesize individual judgments, with consistency ratios maintained below the threshold to ensure logical coherence. For objective weights, the entropy method analyzed actual evaluation data variance, with greater variance indicating higher discriminatory power. The final weights were derived through multiplicative synthesis combining both approaches. The empirical validation study involved collecting 492 valid questionnaires from 14 strategically selected public libraries representing different stages of AI implementation between September and November 2024: one municipal library with comprehensive AI deployment, 11 district libraries with partial implementation, and 2 county libraries in early adoption phases. The questionnaire utilized a five-point Likert scale to assess real-time service performance across multiple scenarios. Statistical analysis employed fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to handle uncertainty in subjective assessments, structural equation modeling to validate construct relationships, and latent class analysis to identify distinct user interaction patterns. The framework demonstrated high reliability with Cronbach's alpha reaching 0.845 and strong construct validity with KMO value of 0.873. [Results/Conclusions] Content organization emerged as the most critical dimension with a combined weight of 0.302 2, while semantic network depth, cognitive guidance efficiency, and cross-media consistency ranked as top secondary indicators with weights of 0.090 3, 0.086 1, and 0.084 7 respectively. Performance evaluation revealed content organization scoring 74.873 points versus user interaction at 68.040 points, highlighting the gap between technical capabilities and user experience. Significant differences existed across library levels, with municipal libraries outperforming county libraries by over one point in technical architecture and semantic network depth. Four distinct user patterns emerged: technology-oriented, content-immersive, efficiency-focused, and assistance-dependent. Each requires a tailored service approach. The study proposes the following optimization strategies: multimodal interaction frameworks, adaptive user profiling, hierarchical collaboration mechanisms, and knowledge graph-based content reorganization.

【Objective】 To provide high-quality parental materials for broadening the genetic foundation of Xinjiang wheat resources as well as parental selection and cultivar development in breeding programs, the genetic diversity and relationships of protein quality traits and storage protein components in Xinjiang wheat germplasm resources were analyzed in this study. 【Method】 A total of 303 Xinjiang wheat accessions were evaluated for variation, correlation, and cluster analysis of protein quality traits and storage protein component contents. Genetic diversity indices (H') and membership function values were calculated to comprehensively assess the materials.【Result】 The coefficients of variation (CV) for protein quality traits and storage protein component contents in Xinjiang wheat resources ranged from 5.52% to 60.99% and 9.17% to 23.69%, respectively. The highest CV for protein quality traits was observed in 8-minute width (60.99%), while the highest CV for storage protein components was found in unextractable polymeric protein (UPP, 23.69%). Genetic diversity indices ranged from 1.06 to 2.15 with an average of 1.78. In addition, the gluten index (GI) exhibiting the highest value (2.15) and peak time (PT) the lowest (1.06). Correlation and multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the comprehensive evaluation value (F₁₅) effectively assessed protein quality (gluten quality). Key traits for protein quality evaluation included gluten index (GI), peak time (PT), 8 minute width, sedimentation value (SV), and unextractable polymeric protein (UPP), which are applicable for future breeding applications. Cluster analysis classified the 303 accessions into three groups (15.84%, 43.23%, and 40.92%, respectively). Group I exhibited the highest comprehensive evaluation value (F₁₅) and optimal quality indices, with significantly superior means for seven parameters, including percentage of unextractable polymeric protein (%UPP), unextractable polymeric protein (UPP), gluten index (GI), peak time (PT), 8 minute width, 8 minute area, and sedimentation value (SV). This confirmed the reliability of F₁₅ in evaluating gluten quality. 【Conclusion】 The genetic diversity distribution patterns and relationships of protein quality traits and storage protein components in Xinjiang winter wheat resources were elucidated. Critical traits for protein quality evaluation were identified, and a set of accessions with superior comprehensive performance in storage protein components and protein quality traits were selected based on F₁₅. These resources hold significant potential for utilization in future wheat breeding programs of Xinjiang.

The research progress on Capsicum annuum germplasm resources, including 6 aspects: collection, sorting and evaluation, resistance identification, quality research, phenotypic traits, preservation techniques, and development and utilization were reviewed. In terms of the collection, sorting and evaluation of Capsicum annuum germplasm resources, it is mainly collected collaboratively by units such as the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. More than 2 000 germplasm materials have been stored in the database, and a preliminary evaluation has been conducted on its key horticultural traits, economic characteristics and disease resistance. In terms of resistance identification, methods such as root irrigation with zoospores, inoculation of isolated fruits, and field resistance assessment are the basic means for resistance identification of Capsicum annuum， which are conducive to obtaining resistance materials. In terms of quality research, through the detection of Capsicum annuum fruit components, the main agronomic traits and the correlation analysis among them, the precise and targeted improvement of quality traits is achieved. In terms of phenotypic traits, the phenotypic characteristics of Capsicum annuum show high diversity and variability in germplasm resources. In terms of preservation technology, the preservation method combining a dryer with silica gel and plastic bags is suitable for short-term preservation. By using low-temperature refrigeration facilities and dehumidification equipment, better medium and long-term preservation effects can be achieved. In terms of development and utilization, Capsicum annuum is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries through various utilization methods such as fresh consumption, drying, condiment processing, pickling and processing extraction. This article provides a reference for the creation of Capsicum annuum germplasm resources and the breeding of characteristic varieties.

The valuation of ecological compensation serves as the foundation for the precise implementation of compensation policies. This study takes Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province as its research area. To address the issue of calculating regional forest ecological compensation standards, it employs the environmental restoration cost method combined with qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation. Key forest ecosystem service indicators such as water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and soil conservation were selected to construct an evaluation model for accounting the forest ecological compensation value in the region for 2022. The results showed that the total forest ecological compensation value in the study area in 2022 was 176 million yuan, with the values of water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and soil conservation functions was 64.470 1, 92.355 5, 1.695 9, and 17.703 2 million yuan, respectively. Forest ecological compensation is based on the average forest growth area and the growth rate of forest coverage rate in each county. ML County has the largest average forest growth area and the highest forest coverage rate, so it can receive ecological compensation funds according to the allocation weight. The average forest growth areas of J City and MH County are negative, but their forest coverage rates are relatively high; thus, flexible compensation should be provided based on changes in their forest quality, structure, and other factors. In conclusion, the accounting results align with the practical context of regional forestry ecological construction and are deemed operational. Based on these findings, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed, including formulating reasonable ecological compensation standards, broadening the sources of ecological compensation funds, improving the ecological compensation system, and strengthening policy communication. These recommendations aim to provide a foundation for relevant departments to formulate and optimize local ecological compensation policies.

To investigate the current status of wild boar population resources in Nanling County, Anhui Province, a camera-trapping survey was conducted from August 13 to October 13, 2021, covering 5 forested regions and agro-forestry ecotones including Hewan Town, where 40 infrared cameras were deployed. The monitoring results revealed that wild boars were recorded at 37 out of 40 camera sites, with only 3 locations failing to capture any wild boar activity. The estimated population density ranged between 1.83 and 2.46 individuals/km⊃2; across the five surveyed townships, yielding an average density of 2.145 individuals/km⊃2;. These findings indicated that wild boars were widely distributed and highly active throughout the study area, the wild boar population density in certain areas required further control. This observed spatial variation in density may be attributed to differences in habitat quality and food resource availability, as well as varying levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Based on these results, implementing comprehensive management strategies including strengthened patrol monitoring systems, sustained public awareness campaigns, and tiered population control measures to effectively regulate wild boar densities were recommended. This study provides valuable references data for developing wild boar damage prevention and control measures in relevant regions.

In order to accurately master the wild morel species distributed in Yongxing Township, Chuxiong Prefecture and their occurrence patterns, to promote the long-term protection, utilization, cultivation and domestication research of local wild morel resources, a survey of wild morel resources was conducted at five locations including Naruan, Xiaozhuang, Guanyinsi, Huiba, and Lagu in the Yongxing area. Combined with the morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies, molecular identification technology was used to conduct molecular identification and naming of the selected five samples. The results showed that the fruiting time of wild morels in the Yongxing area was from the end of September to the second half of October, and they mostly occurred 1-3 days after rainfall. The growth environment was mainly broad-leaved mixed forests dominated by oak trees and birch trees. Constructing a phylogenetic tree based only on ITS indicated that the five morel samples all belonged to the yellow morel group, but all species within the genus Morchella cannot be accurately distinguished. Using the multi-gene lineage consistency species identification method to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the combination of ITS+LSU+EF1-a+RPB1+RPB2 showed that the morels distributed in the Yongxing area were two yellow lineage species, Morchella sp. Mes-15 and Morchella sp. Mes-19, which was the first report.

This study aims to evaluate the regulatory effects of attapulgite-based biofertilizers on the growth of continuous cropping strawberry plants and soil environment. Using the strawberry cultivar ‘Hongyan’ as the experimental material, treatments were designed as follows: conventional fertilization (CK) and supplemental commercial organic fertilizer (T3) as controls, compared with supplemental attapulgite composite microbial fertilizer (T1) and attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer (T2). The results demonstrated that, compared to CK, T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the yield of continuous cropping strawberries by 15.56% and 12.71%, respectively. Fruit quality was also improved, with soluble solids content elevated by 43.00% and 41.17%, and soluble sugar content increased by 31.40% and 26.32%, respectively. Additionally, both treatments markedly enhanced soil organic matter and invertase activity. Compared to CK, microbial community analysis revealed that T1 increased bacterial Chao and Shannon indices by 1.18-fold and 1.03-fold (P<0.01), while T₂ elevated fungal Chao and Shannon indices by 1.72-fold and 1.14-fold (P<0.05). Furthermore, both treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Glomeromycota while reducing Basidiomycota abundance (P<0.05). At the genus level, beneficial microorganisms such as Phenylobacterium sp., Linnemannia sp., and Chrysosporium sp. were enriched, whereas the pathogenic fungus Dactylonectria sp. was suppressed (P<0.05). These findings indicate that attapulgite-based biofertilizers effectively mitigate strawberry continuous cropping obstacles.

As bioindicators, soil nematodes’ distribution patterns reflect soil-plant health. Environmental changes regulate nematode communities via resource-environment pathways, with impacts varying across ecosystems and disturbance durations. Studies indicated that these effects varied across ecosystem types, with differing responses to short-term and long-term disturbances. From the perspective of soil ecology, this review systematically examined the spatial heterogeneity of nematode distribution and their responses to typical environmental changes in forests, grasslands, farmlands, wetlands and deserts. Future research should focus on the effects of specific trophic groups of nematodes, comprehensively assess their roles across ecosystems and contribute to ecosystem sustainability.

【Objective】 Common smut (Mycosarcoma maydis) is a major fungal disease affecting maize production in China. This study aimed to screen for resistant germplasm resources and analyze their physiological and biochemical responses to pathogen infection, providing scientific support for disease resistance breeding. 【Method】 A total of 425 maize germplasm resources were selected and systematically screened for their resistance to common smut. Sugar metabolism, oxidative stress responses, and photosynthetic parameters were analyzed to identify high-resistant, moderate-resistant, and susceptible inbred lines. WGA-AF488/PI staining was used to analyze the hyphal proliferation to reveal the disease resistance traits of different inbred lines. 【Result】 The study found significant annual differences in the disease index and incidence of common smut in 2021 and 2022, primarily influenced by temperature and precipitation. Principal component analysis showed that the disease index on day 4, 8, and 12 post-inoculation was a key indicator of disease severity, while the disease incidence at the grain filling stage (R2) and wax ripening stage (R4) revealed differences across growth stages. Additionally, 6 high-resistance inbred lines (e.g., Q319), 67 medium-resistance inbred lines (e.g., D599), and 171 susceptible inbred lines (e.g., M407) were identified. Sugar metabolism analysis showed significant differences in sucrose, fructose, and glucose contents across inbred lines with different disease resistance, indicating the critical role of sugar metabolism in the competition between the pathogen and the host. Oxidative stress analysis revealed significant increases in H₂O₂ and O^2- contents post-infection, with the high-resistant inbred line Q319 exhibiting the strongest OH^- scavenging capacity. SOD and POD activities were significantly increased on days 4 and 8 post-inoculation, with the SOD activity of D599 increasing by 114.98% on day 8 and the SOD activity of Q319 increasing by 96.08%. On day 12, the POD activity of D599 and Q319 increased by 164.27% and 160.91%, respectively, indicating strong antioxidant defense capabilities in resistant materials. WGA staining showed that hyphal extension was limited in Q319, primarily concentrated near the vascular bundles, suggesting strong cell wall defense. D599 exhibited intermediate hyphal expansion speed and range, representing moderate defense capacity, while M407 displayed extensive hyphal spread with large intercellular infection, indicating weak cell wall defense. Post-inoculation, the net photosynthetic rate of Q319, D599, and M407 decreased by 52.5%, 52.8%, and 100.2%, respectively, compared to the control group, with significant reductions in photosynthetic pigment content; however, the decline decreased from 4 to 12 d. 【Conclusion】 This study reveals significant differences in sugar metabolism, oxidative stress responses, antioxidant capacity, and photosynthesis among different maize inbred lines under Mycosarcoma maydis infection. The high-resistance inbred line Q319 exhibits strong disease resistance through low sucrose, high fructose and glucose metabolism, along with higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content and efficient antioxidant ability. The high-susceptible inbred line M407 shows increased sucrose accumulation and insufficient antioxidant response, resulting in significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, leading to increased disease susceptibility. The medium-resistance inbred line D599 displays intermediate photosynthetic function and pigment accumulation, with disease resistance between Q319 and M407.

【Objective】Aflatoxin contamination is one of the important factors that hinders sustainable development of the peanut industry. Precise evaluation of germplasm resources from China and abroad for resistance to A. flavus infection and creation of new resistant germplasms will facilitate the development of resistant cultivars. 【Method】The A. flavus infection index of 322 peanut germplasm lines were characterized following in-vitro inoculation of seeds harvested from 3 different “environments” (CA2020, CS2020, CS2021). Aspergillus flavus strain As 3.4408, known for its strong infectivity and high toxin production, was used as the inoculation strain. The botanical type, plant type and nutritional quality of kernels were measured and analyzed. Accessions exhibiting resistance with novel traits were comprehensively evaluated and screened. 【Result】Thirteen accessions with stable resistance were identified, accounting for 4.04% of the total germplasm lines evaluated, most of which belonged to var. hypogaea, including two with stable and high resistance (C203 and C206), while no accession was observed to be immune to Aspergillus flavus infection. The frequency distribution of infection index of 322 accessions exhibited continuous variation, with the broad-sense heritability exceeding 0.8, indicating that the A. flavus-resistance of kernels was significantly influenced by genotypes and “environments”, and the phenotypic variation was primarily controlled by genetic factors. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation of infection index of accessions among the different “environments” (P<0.001), and the phenotype of each accession harvested from various “environments” was relatively consistent. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between nutritional quality and infection index. Comparative analysis of infection index among peanut accessions of different botanical and plant types revealed that var. hypogaea/prostrate-type peanuts were more likely to exhibit resistance to A. flavus infection within the existing peanut germplasm resources. 【Conclusion】The phenotypes of peanut germplasms harvested from different “environments” in response to A. flavus infection were relatively stable. Variation of kernels resistance to A. flavus infection was primarily controlled by genotype. Accessions C203 and C206, exhibiting stable and high resistance, can serve as excellent resistant parents for the mining of aflatoxin resistance genes and for the improvement of peanut varieties resistant to aflatoxin contamination.

【Objective】The current post-planting film-covering technology in the Yellow River Basin cotton-growing areas relies on manual seedling release and thinning, which hinders the development of full-scale mechanization. This study explored the adaptability of the dry sowing and wet emergence technology (used in northwestern inland cotton regions) to the Yellow River Basin. By comparing the effects of different sowing methods on seed germination environment, cotton emergence rate, and seedling growth, this study aimed to identify key environmental constraints and provide the theoretical support for optimizing mechanized planting techniques. 【Method】From 2023 to 2024, using the cotton cultivar Ji863 as the experimental material, four treatments were implemented: single-seed seeding without mulching (T1), single-seed post-planting film covering (T2), dry sowing and wet emergence with single-seed sowing (T3), and dry sowing and wet emergence with double-seed sowing (T4). The study was conducted in Quzhou County, Hebei Province, and the effects of these treatments on soil environment, cotton emergence, and growth of above-ground and root systems were evaluated. 【Result】Compared with T1, T2 and T3 significantly increased soil temperature at 5 cm, soil moisture content, emergence rate, plant height, above-ground dry matter weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, and root vigor, while significantly reduced soil compaction, emergence time, and root diameter. Compared with T2, in 2023 and 2024, T3 reduced the daily temperature range at 5 cm soil depth by 3.67 and 1.58 ℃ within 30 days after sowing, and reduced soil compaction by 9.36% and 27.06% within 10 days after sowing, respectively, which decreased emergence days in 2024 by 0.6 days, and increased root length, surface area, volume, and root activity in both years. Compared with T4, single-grain sowing in 2023 and 2024 significantly increased emergence time and decreased emergence rate but increased aboveground dry matter weight by 13.98% and 55.00%. The structural equation model showed that different sowing methods affected cotton seedling emergence rate by altering soil temperature at 5 cm depth, daily temperature range, soil moisture content, and soil compaction, while seedling dry matter weight was mainly affected by soil moisture content, plant height, and soil compaction. 【Conclusion】In the Yellow River Basin cotton areas, the dry-sowing and wet-emergence improved emergence speed and rate by reducing the diurnal temperature fluctuation at 5 cm and soil compaction, thereby promoting uniform and robust seedlings, and sowing one seed per hole was the optimal strategy.

To study the influence of rice field integrative cultivation on soil, this article summarized the research progress on integrated rice farming models both domestically and internationally in recent years, and compared them with rice monoculture. The effects of different modes of rice field integrative cultivation on the ecological environment of paddy soil were analyzed from five aspects: soil fertility, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil heavy metal and soil greenhouse gas emission. The results showed that compared to rice monoculture, integrated rice farming significantly improved soil quality, increased soil nutrients, optimized soil structure, promoted soil biodiversity, reduced heavy metal accumulation, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. These findings provided important references for agricultural production and demonstrate the potential of integrated rice farming models in promoting sustainable agricultural development and ecological environment protection.

Hanzhong city is located on the north slope of the Bashan Mountain, the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains, and in the demarcation zone of the north and south climate in China, it belongs to the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone, and is known as the "biological gene bank". There are abundant wild cherry variety resources in this area. Based on the survey and field investigation on the southern slope of Qin Mountains and the northern slope of Bashan (Guangwu Mountain), the results showed that there were 23 wild cherry varieties in this area, in the Qin Mountains and Bashan Mountains (600-1500 m), flowering time, petal color, fruit shape, taste, soluble solids content, the morphological diversity of seed shape, size and pollen grain shape was obvious. This investigation provides scientific basis for further exploring wild cherry variety resources, utilization and improvement of production varieties in Qinling-Bashan mountain area.

Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the vegetable industry, environmental pollution caused by vegetable waste has become increasingly prominent, making its resource utilization one of the critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Based on the vegetable production data of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2023, the total amount of vegetable waste resources was calculated using the waste generation coefficient, the current status of its resource utilization and the key issues it faces was analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. During this period, the vegetable planting area and output in the study area remained relatively stable, with nearly 30 types of vegetables planted year-round, among which solanaceous fruits and leafy vegetables ranked top in output. According to calculations, the annual production of vegetable waste over the five years was 229,200 tons, 228,400 tons, 231,700 tons, 214,100 tons, and 220,400 tons respectively. Its resource utilization pathways mainly include four modes: fertilization, feed utilization, substrate utilization, and energy utilization. Currently, the resource utilization of vegetable waste faces key challenges such as resource inventory, utilization costs, technical modes, and policy support. Based on this, the following suggestions are proposed: constructing a vegetable waste resource inventory through data research, refining generation coefficients, and establishing monitoring standards; building a technical platform through collaboration between scientific research institutions and enterprises, introducing locally adapted technical modes, and conducting pilot demonstrations to develop replicable and easily operable circular utilization patterns for vegetable waste; developing simple and efficient treatment technologies, introducing clean collection and high value conversion equipment, and strengthening grassroots technical training to promote the transformation of vegetable waste into effective resources; clarifying responsible entities, compiling technical guidelines, supporting infrastructure construction through financial subsidies, and fostering market entities to establish a long-term mechanism for vegetable waste treatment. This paper provides a reference for promoting efficient utilization of vegetable waste, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution, and advancing high quality agricultural development in this region.

This study aimed to elucidate the genetic diversity and comprehensive agronomic performance of foxtail millet germplasm resources in Yulin City of Shaanxi, to support breeding programs. 200 geographically distinct millet accessions were evaluated using variation analysis, genetic diversity assessment, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis. Phenotypic characterization revealed the predominant traits including green leaf sheaths, semi-erect plant architecture, conical panicles, medium panicle compactness, short bristles, and yellow grain coloration. Quantitative trait analysis demonstrated highly significant genetic variation (P<0.01), with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity indices observed for panicle diameter (2.06) and single panicle weight (2.06), and the lowest for panicle length (1.96). Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance and Ward’s method classified 63.5% of accessions into Cluster III. PCA extracted five principal components, accounting for 91.85% cumulative variance contribution. A weighted comprehensive evaluation (D-value) using membership functions identified ten superior cultivars, including ‘Jingu 45’, ranked by D-value. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations (P<0.01) between the D-value and five key traits, including plant height, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, panicle grain weight, and threshing percentage. These findings highlight the rich genetic diversity of Yulin’s millet germplasm. The top-ranked cultivars exhibit potential for regional promotion and breeding applications, while the five core traits serve as critical indicators for germplasm evaluation.

This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of complementary parental lines in millet breeding and accelerate the breeding of new millet varieties. A total of 18 millet germplasm resources collected from various regions were investigated to explore the variation patterns of genetic diversity in phenotypic traits and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of these germplasm resources. The 18 millet germplasm resources showed abundant genetic diversity. For the phenotypic traits related to yield, including main panicle length, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight, the coefficients of variation were all greater than 35%.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) values ranged from 2.3570 to 2.7073 with an average of 2.5793. By calculating the comprehensive value of principal component F, the F-comprehensive values of each resource ranged from 0.1630 to 2.2201. Notably, the F-comprehensive values of the locally collected resources were generally higher than those from other provinces, which may be attributed to regional adaptability. Cluster analysis successfully classified the 18 millet germplasm resources into two groups. The distribution of these groups was basically consistent with their geographical origins, and the phenotypic traits within the groups exhibited complementary advantages. The phenotypic traits of the 18 local millet germplasm resources demonstrated rich genetic diversity. Through principal component analysis, three materials with excellent comprehensive performance, namely ‘Xixiu Local Millet No. 1’, ‘Local Glutinous Millet’, and ‘Xixiu Local Millet No. 2’, were screened out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of 18 germplasm resources was rich, and the classification of groups was consistent with the geographical origin, which could provide material support for optimizing the genetic diversity of local germplasm resources.

[Purpose/Significance] Red cultural relics are a testimony to the arduous and glorious struggle of the Communist Party of China and its most precious spiritual wealth. In recent years, with the development of digital technology, the digital construction of red relics has made remarkable progress. However, the digital construction of red cultural resources is a complex and multi-dimensional process that still faces numerous challenges. With the comprehensive promotion of the Development Action Plan for the Trusted Data Space (2024-2028), the circulation of data elements, the co-creation of value, and security governance have become key issues in digital construction, which also brings new opportunities for the digital construction of red cultural resources. [Method/Process] Through literature review and online survey, we summarized the achievements made in the theoretical research and practical exploration of the digital construction of red cultural resources, and analyzed the challenges faced in terms of data circulation, technical application, security protection, governance mechanisms, talent and financial support. From the strategic, resource, technical, and social levels, we expounded on the value and significance of the construction of trusted data space in facilitating the digital construction of red cultural resources, and conducted a preliminary exploration of the construction approaches for the trusted data space. [Results/Conclusions] In terms of the key construction points, an operational framework for the trusted data space of red cultural relics will be established around three dimensions: construction of the data space supply system, construction of the core competence system, and cultivation of various types of data spaces. In terms of the implementation path, measures for the construction of the trusted data space of red cultural resources are proposed in four aspects: policy and system, technological empowerment, talent strategy, and social co-governance. Specifically, we provide institutional guidance in four aspects: improving the standardized management system and supervision mechanism, formulating technical specification standards, establishing a capital investment support mechanism and distribution system, and improving a dynamically optimized evaluation and feedback mechanism. We are providing technical empowerment in four aspects: conducting core technology research and development, strengthening the supply of basic capabilities, focusing on the development and application of artificial intelligence, and attaching importance to information security protection. We adopt the talent strategy of "attract, cultivate, utilize and retain" to build a high-level talent team for the trusted data space. We conduct social governance in three aspects: strengthening the overall planning and coordination of the government, promoting exchanges and cooperation among enterprises, and encouraging the public to jointly participate in building a new publicity and promotion matrix for the trusted data space of red cultural resources. The aim is to provide new perspectives for the quality development of the digital construction of red cultural resources.

[Purpose/Significance] Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the Rural Revitalization Strategy, China has placed high priority on the digital development of rural cultural resources, considerin it a key factor in the comprehensive revitalization of rual areas. However, China's current efforts to digitize rural cultural resources still face structural challenges, including insufficient funding, a lack of unified technical standards, a shortage of professional talent, and weak endogenous motivation. Against this backdrop, studying successful international experiences, particularly those from Japan, which has a rural social structure similar to China's, can provide valuable insights into exploring sustainable digital pathways in China. [Method/Process] Grounded in Embeddedness Theory, this research develops a four-dimensional analytical framework tailored to the characteristics of Japan's rural cultural resource digitization: institutional embedding, technological embedding, cognitive embedding, and autonomous practice. The study examines how rural communities overcome digitalization challenges by integrating external resource embedding with endogenous motivation activation through systematic collection and comparative analysis of 20 representative case studies from Japanese villages. [Results /Conclusions] The study reveals that, although Japanese villages commonly encounter practical constraints such as budget shortages, limited technical support, and a lack of professional expertise in digitizing cultural resources, some have successfully transformed through innovative approaches. Key lessons include: 1) institutional embedding: social organizations establish precise and sustainable funding networks through specialized grants to compensate for insufficient government investment; 2) technological embedding: specialized enterprises provide customized solutions and integrated platform services to address "data silo" issues; 3) cognitive embedding: universities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) enhance villagers' digital literacy through knowledge transfer and talent cultivation, fostering cultural identity; and 4) autonomous practice: villagers, driven by crisis awareness and cultural consciousness, initiate self-organized digitization efforts. They transition from "external" processes, such as blood transfusion to "endogenous" processes, such as blood generation. Implications for China focus on the following: 1) refining an institutional embedding mechanism guided by government policies and fueled by social participation, including dedicated funds and tax incentives; 2) promoting technology transfer from "niche-leading " enterprises to develop modular tools and open resource platforms; 3) strengthening collaboration between the government, industry, universities, research institutions, and application developers to nurture local digital talent through academic support and NGO mobilization; and 4) empowering villagers as active participants, applying digital outcomes in education, tourism, and other scenarios to create synergy between cultural preservation and industrial development. Although this study has established a representative sample set through rigorous case selection criteria, several limitations should be acknowledged. First, due to the lack of transparency in Japanese government, some cases with incomplete implementation details were excluded from the in-depth analysis. Future research should include on-site investigations to collect primary data and address this gap. Second, the current study relies primarily on literature and publicly available data. The next phase involves field research in Japan. Mixed methods such as in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and questionnaire surveys, will be employed to verify the accuracy of case data and explore the mechanisms of stakeholder interaction in the digitalization process. This approach will increase the breadth and depth of the research.

202 Carthamus tinctorius germplasm samples such as PI 195895 and PI 195825 were used as materials. Methods such as coefficient of variation analysis, diversity index analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were adopted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of seven agronomic traits including plant height and the height of the first branch. The results showed that the average coefficient of variation of the 7 agronomic traits of 202 Carthamus tinctorius germplasm resources ranged from 13.08% to 63.80%, and the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.812 to 2.063. The difference in seed yield per plant among the tested materials was the greatest, with a coefficient of variation of 63.80%, and the genetic diversity index of plant height was the largest, which was 2.063. The correlations among the 7 agronomic traits were relatively high. Principal component analysis simplified the 7 agronomic traits into 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.703%. The seed yield per plant, the height of the first branch, and the weight of 100 seeds were the key factors affecting the phenotypic differences of safflower germplasm resources. The comprehensive scores of the top 10 safflower germplasms ranged from -1.49 to 1.75 points, namely F139, F157, F144, etc. Their fruit ball diameters, the number of effective balls per plant and the weight of 100 seeds were all relatively high. Cluster analysis classified 202 Carthamus tinctorius germplasm resources into 4 categories. Group Ⅰ contained 46 Carthamus tinctorius materials. Group Ⅱ contained only 1 germplasm (PI 369853), with the large number of seeds per plant and the high seed yield per plant. Group Ⅲ contained 24 Carthamus tinctorius materials. Group Ⅳ contained 30 Carthamus tinctorius materials. This study provides a reference for the effective utilization of Carthamus tinctorius germplasm and variety breeding.

Grape white rot caused by Coniella vitis is a global concern in the grape industry. pH regulation is essential for cell growth, reproductive processes and pathogenicity in phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we observed that the growth rate, spore production and virulence of C. vitis significantly declined in alkaline pH, as well as the suppressive effect on secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to investigate the responses of C. vitis to acidic (pH=5), neutral (pH=7) and alkaline environments (pH=9). We identified 728, 1780 and 3386 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9, when compared with the host pH (pH=3), and 2122 differently expressed metabolites (DEMs) in negative and positive ion mode. Most DEGs were involved in carbohydrate metabolic process, transmembrane transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, peptide metabolic process, amide biosynthetic process, and organic acid metabolic process. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed ABC transporters, indole alkaloid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways in response to the pH change. Furthermore, we found that the aspartate synthesis metabolic route associated with the TCA cycle is a key limiting factor for the growth and development of C. vitis in alkaline environments, and aspartate supplementation enables C. vitis to grow in alkaline environments. Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) could contribute to the pathogenicity, when C. vitis infected at pH 3. Importantly, aflatrem biosynthesis in acidic environment might contribute to the virulence of C. vitis and has a risk of causing human health problems due to its acute neurotoxic effects.

【Objective】 To identify and evaluate the drought resistance of alfalfa germplasm resources, screen out different drought-resistant alfalfa germplasm materials, and lay a foundation for further development of drought-resistant alfalfa resources creation and breeding utilization. 【Method】 In this study, A total of 111 alfalfa germplasm resources were used as experimental materials, and drought stress conditions were simulated using a 13% PEG-6000 solution. Two treatments were established: drought stress (13% PEG-6000) and a control (distilled water). Drought tolerance at germination stage were comprehensively evaluated by the comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC value) and drought resistance coefficient (D value) using nine indicators, including germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vitality index, promptness index, root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight. Meanwhile, single drought tolerance coefficients, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis were conducted to identify the key indicators influencing drought resistance during germination. 【Result】 Analysis of the single drought tolerance coefficients for the nine indicators showed that vitality index, fresh weight, and promptness index were key indicators for screening drought resistance at the germination stage. The single drought tolerance coefficients of the indicators had the highest correlation among germination index and promptness index, germination rate, vitality index, with coefficients of 0.9838, 0.9495 and 0.9338, respectively. Principal component analysis transformed the nine indicators into three principal components with a cumulative contribution of 87.287%. Drought resistance of alfalfa at germination stage was identified using two methods with CDC value and D value, and it was found that the evaluation results of the two methods were highly consistent; however, the D value method was more comprehensive, reliable, and accurate, as it used the weighting coefficients to reflect the degree of influence of each indicator to the overall drought resistance of the varieties. Based on the D value, the 111 alfalfa germplasm resources were clustered into five categories: ClassⅠ(strongest drought resistance, 1 accession), Class Ⅱ (strong drought resistance, 5 accessions), Class Ⅲ (moderate drought resistance, 55 accessions), Class Ⅳ (weak drought resistance, 37 accessions), and Class Ⅴ (drought-sensitive, 13 accessions). 【Conclusion】 The D value evaluation method was found to be the most reliable for assessing drought resistance in alfalfa during the germination stage; The study identified AG37 as the strongest drought resistance germplasm, along with five strong drought resistance accessions, including AG19, AG5, AG13 and other. Vitality index and promptness index were determined to be the most suitable indicators for evaluating drought resistance in alfalfa at the germination stage.

This investigation mainly adopts the method of line investigation, and combines field investigation, sample plot investigation, individual tree investigation, literature review, and interviews with informed people to assist in the investigation. It analyzes the types, quantities, and distribution status of wild forest trees, collected and preserved species, cultivated and utilized species, ancient and famous trees, rare and protected forest and grass species, superior stands and superior individual trees, as well as herbaceous species and other forest and grass germplasm resources in Jieshou City, Anhui Province. The results show that 46 kinds of wild forest resources such as Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora and Camphora officinarum are recorded; 5 kinds of germplasm resources such as Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Wanhuai1’, Quercus acutissima,Koelreuteria bipinnata,and ‘integrifoliola’ are collected and preserved; 130 kinds of forest and grass germplasm resources such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus bungeana are cultivated and utilized; 43 ancient and famous tree species such as Pistacia chinensis, Ailanthus altissima, and Ehretia acuminata are recorded; 6 kinds of rare and protected forest and grass species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Eucommia ulmoides, and Zelkova serrata are recorded; 4 excellent stands and 10 excellent individual trees are collected; and 92 kinds of herbage germplasm resources such as Equisetum ramosissimum, Nymphaea tetragona and Hemerocallis fulva are recorded. Based on the distribution of resources, measures such as establishing in situ preservation repositories, off-site preservation repositories, forest germplasm resource databases, and strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plants have been proposed. This paper provides a reference for establishing an information management system for forest and grass germplasm resources in the research area and scientifically formulating long-term protection and utilization plans for forest and grass germplasm resources.

Germplasm resources are essential for the sustainable development of biodiversity and husbandry of local chickens, as well as for the breeding and industry of superior quality chickens. Unfortunately, many local and indigenous chicken breeds are at risk of declining numbers, emphasizing the need to conserve breed resources for endangered chickens. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are crucial for preserving germplasm resources by inheriting genetic information from parents to offspring and ensuring stability of genetic material between germlines. In this study, PGCs were isolated from chicken embryos' gonads and cultured in FAcs medium without feeder cells. Over a period of approximately 40 days, the cells proliferated to a number of up to 10⁶, establishing various cell lines. Particularly, 18 PGC lines were created from Rugao Yellow Chicken and Shouguang Chicken, with an efficiency ranging from 39.1% to 45%. Furthermore, PGCs that had been cultured for 40 passages exhibited typical PGC characteristics, such as glycogen staining reaction, and expression of pluripotency and reproductive markers. These results confirm that PGCs maintain stem cell properties even after long-term in vitro culture. Additionally, PGCs cryopreserved for up to 120 days remained viable, maintained typical PGC morphologies, and possessed stable cell proliferation ability. Through intravascular injection into chicken embryos, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-PGCs were found in the recipient embryos' gonads and could develop into gametes to produce offspring, indicating that even after extended culture, PGCs retain their migratory and lineage-transmitting capabilities. This research offers valuable insights into the in vitro cultivation and preservation of PGCs of Chinese indigenous chickens. The findings of this study can be applied in transgenic chicken production and the preservation of genetic resources of indigenous chicken breeds.

To further clarify the macrofungal species resources in Guiyang region, Guizhou Province, the composition of macrofungal species, dominant family and genus in 11 regions were investigated by random field investigation and questionnaire survey, and the correlation between macrofungal diversity and habitat and climate was investigated. A total of 429 fungal specimens were collected in the study area, and 215 species of macrofungi were identified and classified, belonging to 3 phyla, 8 classes, 19 orders, 47 families and 107 genera. At phylum level, basidiomycetes (90.23%) and ascomycetes (8.83%) were dominant phyla. At the genus level, Polyporaceae (21.395%), Marasmiaceae (7.907%) and Russulaceae (7.442%) were the dominant genera. In the market, a total of 21 kinds of large fungi such as red mushrooms, milk mushrooms and ganoderma lucidum were investigated, including 16 kinds of edible fungi, and the commodity potential was large. There were 69 kinds of edible fungi, 33 kinds of medicinal fungi and 16 kinds of poisonous fungi. The habitats of macrofungi were mainly mixed forest and broad-leaved forest. The species richness of macrofungi was affected by seasonal changes, and the species of fungi increased with the increase of precipitation. The research area is rich in macrofungal resources, so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the collection and domestication of fungi resources and artificial propagation, accelerate the cultivation of leading edible fungi enterprises, give full play to the advantages of fungi resources in Guiyang, and provide references for promoting the development of edible fungi industry in the area.

To explore the application of medicinal plants in the ecological environment planning and design of the Yellow River Basin, based on the analysis of its medicinal, economic and ecological values, this paper conducts application practices in aspects such as plant height and color hierarchy design, and seasonal plant configuration in its landscape design scheme. The analysis showed that according to the natural conditions such as climate, temperature and humidity in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin, the plants suitable for the construction of plant garden ecological belt and wetland belt in the Yellow River basin, such as Trachycarpus fortunei, Phytolacca acinosa and Verbena officinalis, were screened out, and had unique medicinal, viewing, economic and ecological values. On the basis of fully exploring the diverse values of medicinal plants, the use of plants such as Polygala tenuifolia, Lonicera japonica and Nerium oleander to gradually form rich spatial levels and enhance the three-dimensional sense of landscape; combined with the seasonal changes, the use of verbena, bupleurum, honeysuckle and other plant configuration, to form three seasons with flowers, four seasons with scenery ecological landscape. Planning “Rose Chinese sea area”, “golden autumn Ginkgo Biloba exhibition”, etc., can form high quality landscapes in the specific flowering and leaf color periods of plants. Pay attention to the design of leisure space, set up a rest pavilion in the main tour line nodes, to provide tourists with leisure space. The ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin is organically combined with medicinal plants, and the ecological landscape belt of medicinal plants is constructed to provide reference for building the ecological landscape corridor of medicinal plants in the Yellow River Basin.

To study the performance of yield and quality traits of wheat germplasm resources and their correlation and path analysis，35 wheat germplasm resources from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as materials in this study. The plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield were investigated manually, and the wheat quality was determined by Perten DA 7200 near-infrared analyzer. The results showed that the yield range of 35 wheat germplasm resources was 5679.00-6331.50 kg/hm², the effective spike range was 427.50-502.50 million/hm², the growth period range was 195.00-202.00 d, the plant height range was 73.00-93.00 cm, the spikelet number per spike range was 32.60-40.00, and the 1000-grain weight range was 37.00-47.10 g. The correlation analysis of yield traits showed that effective spike, growth period, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with grain yield (r=0.1707, r=0.0401, r=0.2277, r=0.0299), while plant height was negatively correlated with grain yield (r=-0.0587). Path analysis showed that grain yield increased while effective spike, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased. The effect of increasing the number of grains per ear was the greatest (direct path coefficient Py=0.8390), followed by the effect of increasing the 1000-grain weight (direct path coefficient Py=0.6668), and the effect of increasing the number of effective ears was the smallest (direct path coefficient Py=0.4916). In general, the quality traits of 35 wheat germplasm resources were quite different, indicating that wheat has rich diversity, which provides a large selection space for wheat quality breeding and selection of offspring.

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of different tomato germplasms, screen the important agronomic traits that affect the sensory quality of tomato, and provide reference for the identification, evaluation and innovation of tomato germplasms. Genetic diversity analysis, sensory quality evaluation, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were performed on 20 main agronomic traits and sensory quality of 72 tomato germplasms. The genetic diversity index of agronomic traits of 72 tomato germplasms ranged from 0.59 to 2.04, and the comprehensive score of sensory quality ranged from 71.70 to 84.85. Plant height, internode length, fruit transverse diameter, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content were important factors for sensory quality of tomato, which had a high load in principal component 1. The test materials were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis. The tomato varieties in the first and second groups had higher comprehensive scores of sensory quality, plant height, and internode length. The fourth and fifth groups were mainly germplasms of dwarf tomato with limited growth type. The phenotypic and sensory qualities of 72 tomato germplasms showed abundant genetic diversity. Plant height, internode length, fruit transverse diameter, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content are important traits to evaluate the genetic diversity of tomato phenotype and sensory quality.

Zingiberaceae is a perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant with great economic value used as food, spices, medicinal compounds, and ornamental plants, preservation of Zingiberaceae germplasm resources is crucial for breeding and commercial production. To clarify the current research status on the conservation of genetic resources in Zingiberaceae plants, this paper specifically introduces the three main methods(ex situ conservation, tissue culture preservation, and cryopreservation) used for preservation of Zingiberaceae germplasm resources. Future prospects of Zingiberaceae germplasm preservation are analyzed, aiming to provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of Zingiberaceae industry. Cryopreservation technology, which has many advantages compared with the traditional methods, has been proven to be a new technique for plant pathogen elimination with successful application on several plants, and can provide a technical support to low conservation rates in Zingiberaceae plants elimination.

The high-quality utilization of health preservation resources in leisure agriculture is key to promote the merging development of leisure agriculture and health industry. Establishing an evaluation system for health preservation resources in leisure agriculture, quantitatively evaluating the quality of health preservation resources in leisure agriculture projects, is conducive to identifying the resource advantages of expanding health preservation functions in leisure agriculture, and evaluating the potential for the development of healthy leisure agriculture industry. This study classified and analyzed the health preservation resources of leisure agriculture projects in Jiangsu, and used the analytic hierarchy process to screen and determine evaluation index factors. A leisure agriculture health preservation resource evaluation model was constructed with five elements including natural resources, environmental quality, landscape resources, health preservation food and lodging, health preservation products and facilities, and 19 factor layers. The health preservation diet, forest, health preservation accommodation, water body, and hot springs had higher weight values in the factor layer. 40 representative leisure agriculture bases in Jiangsu Province were evaluated and scored, the overall quality of health preservation resources in Jiangsu's leisure agriculture was found to be good. Environmental quality was relatively better, followed by health preservation food and lodging resources, while the potential for health preservation product resources was the greatest. Based on the existing problems in the utilization of health preservation resources in Jiangsu's leisure agriculture, development suggestions were proposed in three aspects, namely, government guidance and creating a platform, think-tank planning and scientific research support, and enterprise leadership and collaboration with farmers.

Feeding chickens under the forest is an economic innovation farming model under forest, which has good economic benefits and broad development prospects. In this paper, the effects of feeding chicken under the forest on forest and grass, soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial diversity, and insect population were summarized,and the corresponding development measures were put forward based on practical production. In the modes of feeding chickens under the forest, chicken manure, as a green organic fertilizer, can effectively increase economic income. However, this model also has some disadvantages, such as damaging plant growth and reducing plant diversity. When the density of chickens under the forest is controlled reasonably, it is beneficial to maintain good soil ventilation and water permeability. However, the high-density and long-term activities of chickens may lead to the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, and the growth of trees is hindered by poor soil quality. In the process of production, the modes of feeding chicken under the forest is beneficial to increase the variety and quantity of soil microorganisms, promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and the transformation of nutrients, and thus improve soil fertility. At the same time, it can reduce the occurrence of pests, promote the healthy growth of plants, save feed, and reduce the cost of disease and pest control. The development of feeding chicken under the forest should be based on local conditions, scientific site selection and layout, targeted improvement of the vegetation in the breeding area, reasonable determination of breeding density, time and scale, implementation of regional rotational grazing system, and strengthening disease prevention and control. This paper provides references for promoting the high-quality development of the feeding chicken under the forest.

The environmental suitability of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area of Shanxi Province was analyzed from four aspects: climatic conditions, climatic stability, geographical conditions and soil conditions, and the planting management techniques were summarized from the aspects of seed breeding, planting time and planting methods. The Hengshan area was more suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus with large diurnal temperature difference, suitable precipitation, abundant light resources, less extreme weather and loose soil. In order to improve the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus, a series of cultivation and management measures were put forward, including the selection of seeds with full grain and no mildew and moth-eaten seeds, timely sowing, rational fertilization, scientific irrigation, timely weeding and attention to disease and pest control. This paper provides references for further improving the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus in Hengshan area.

[Purpose/Significance] The "15th Five-Year Plan" defines the development direction and strategic choice for Chinese libraries in the next five years. It is based on China's national conditions and serves the characteristic development of Chinese libraries. Against the backdrop of the Chinese-style modernization, this paper explores how libraries can achieve high-quality development under the changing internal and external environment, with the aim of grasping the development direction of Chinese libraries and offering a construction path for the scientific formulation of the "15th Five-Year Plan". [Method/Process] A library strategy is an action plan based on a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the Chinese libraries' internal and external environment. Environmental scanning is a fundamental part of strategic library planning. It implies that the libraries adapts to environmental changes by seeking and using external information. The formulation of the library strategy must start from the current situation, identfiy external environmental changes such as those in the political, economic, social, cultural and technological spheres, and track responses and developments. Using the research method of environmental scanning, this paper traces the dynamics of the social environment at the macro level, the business environment at the medium level, and the system environment at the micro level, and analyzes the practical demands of the society at the macro level, the medium industry at the medium level, and the library readers at the micro level. [Results/Conclusions] Chinese-style modernization embodies both conceptual and discursive innovation. As an ideological discourse, it has four layers of meaning: socialist modernization, independent modernization, modernization for the comprehensive rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and modernization that creates a new form of human civilization. This article is guided by the theory of China's modernization and has set the main goal for the construction of China's modern libraries. It emphasizes the leading role of the concepts of "people-oriented" and "efficiency", and focuses on the three major development priorities of "professional and stable development", "intelligent transformation", and "building a national library service network". Finally, it proposes the four modern systems of "the cooperative governance system for libraries of all kinds", "the next-generation knowledge sharing and service system", "the cultural dissemination and social service system", and "the library security and guarantee system". The goal of the Chinese-style modern library is to build a national library service network that is both deeply professional and highly intelligent, organically integrating specialization and intelligence. First, to ensure the specialization of library services, then realize the wisdom to broaden the service boundary, and finally build a national library service network. A cultural communication and social service system should be built in accordance with the macroscopic social needs. A collaborative governance system should be established based on the needs of library development. A new generation of knowledge sharing and service system should be established according to individual needs. The establishment of the support system ensures the successful development of the "15th Five-Year Plan". We should consistently integrate the above three key priorities throughout the four modern systems.

[Purpose/Significance] In promoting red resources, libraries face problems such as "low reading rate of resources", "low public participation" and "low level of innovation in service". To some extent, these problems stem from the neglect of embodied cognition. The essence of embodied cognition is that cognitive process is not only the activity of the brain, but is inseparable from the perception and interaction of the body. Applying the theory of embodied cognition to reading can enhance the sense of immersion and participation in reading, thus optimizing the reading effect of red resources. This study explores the application and optimization path of VR technology in reading red resources from the perspective of embodied cognition. By enhancing users' immersive experience, it promotes their deep cognition and emotional resonance of red resources in order to promote the innovative utilization and efficient dissemination of red resources. [Method/Process] Taking the grounded theory as the research method, we first carry out data collection and sample selection, then analyze the text materials through the three-level coding method of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, and finally randomly select one third of the samples from the materials to carry out the saturation test of the theoretical model, summarize the three main categories of reading guarantee mechanism, reading ecology and reading experience optimization, and construct the optimization of the VR red resource reading path model, and elaborate the model in detail. [Results/Conclusions] It is found that reading guarantee mechanism, reading ecology and reading experience optimization have a positive effect on promoting the continuous optimization in reading VR red resources. Among them, reading guarantee mechanism plays a fundamental role, providing basic support for the whole VR red resource reading system. Reading ecology plays the role of a bridge, transforming the support of reading guarantee mechanism into the actual experience of users. The optimization of reading experience plays a goal-oriented role, and its realization depends on the results of the reading ecology practice, and through the feedback mechanism to promote the progress of the whole system. The interaction of these three main categories forms a dynamic feedback loop, ensuring that the VR red resource reading system can be continuously optimized with the development of technology and changes in user needs, and promoting the continuous innovation and optimization of VR red resource reading methods. This study relies mainly on secondary data and case studies, and lacks the actual feedback from users in real-life scenarios, especially the individual differences in user experience have not been fully explored. In future research, in-depth interviews will be introduced as a complementary means to further explore the individual experience of users in reading VR red resources, especially the specific application scenarios of embodied cognition theory.