Theaflavins are the main components of black tea, which have great potential and promising applications in the fields of foods and medicines. Base on the synthesis mechanism of theaflavin, the advance of the main preparation methods of theaflavin was summerized, such as direct extraction and preparation in vitro which can be divided into chemical oxidation method, enzymatic oxidation method and biomimetic synthesis method. The primal problem of the above synthesis methods, such as the inability to achieve industrialization, were also addressed, possible future research fields were reviewed in this paper, with the aim of providing a reference for the research and development of preparation of theaflavins.

The genus Polygonatum Mill, commonly referred to as "Huang Jing," are plants renowned for their medicinal and edible properties. Their active constituents, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins, exhibit notable pharmacological effects. Recent studies have predominantly centered on the extraction of saponin components from the genus Polygonatum, which are attributed with anti-fatigue, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and immune-enhancing properties. While there has been some advancement in the structural analysis of the genus Polygonatum saponins, their biosynthetic pathways remain underexplored. The synthesis of saponins in the genus Polygonatum occurs via the mevalonic acid pathway and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway, encompassing multiple enzymatic steps. This research indicates that the genus Polygonatum saponins exert diverse biological effects, including anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immune regulatory activities, and hold significant potential in medicine, food, cosmetics, and other sectors. Nonetheless, current studies are limited by inadequate structural analysis, an incomplete understanding of biosynthetic pathways, and ambiguous mechanisms of pharmacological action. Future endeavors should prioritize the isolation, structural analysis, synthetic biology, and pharmacology of the genus Polygonatum saponins to advance their scientific investigation and product development, thereby laying a foundation for the creation of novel therapeutic agents.

[Purpose/Significance] This study systematically analyzes the basic models and development trends of international open peer review platforms, with the aim of exploring the insights these platforms provide for academic communication and research governance in China. The goal is to accelerate the establishment and development of an open peer review system in China, fostering a more open, collaborative, and efficient academic exchange environment that promotes the free flow of knowledge and the widespread dissemination of scientific ideas. [Method/Process] The article first reviews and analyzes several international open peer review platforms and communities that are led by the scientific community and operate independently of scientific journal publishing, such as Peer Community In (PCI), Sciety, PREreview, and Review Commons. On this basis, it outlines the basic operational models of international open peer review platforms and identifies a number of common features among the three basic models. Then, through an in-depth analysis of the development dynamics of these platforms and communities, the study summarizes their development trends from different perspectives, including research institutions, scientists, scientific community, and international academic communication models. Based on this analysis, and taking into account international experience and the specific characteristics of China's research environment, the article proposes recommendations for building an open peer review system in China. [Results/Conclusions] The study identifies three basic operational models of international open peer review platforms: platforms established for the purpose of open publishing, platforms developed primarily as preprint servers, and platforms built independently for open peer review. It also summarizes the key trends in the development of these platforms: strong support from major research institutions, active participation of leading scientists, the formation and impact of large-scale platforms, recognition of open peer-reviewed research by the scientific community, alignment with the international open access (OA) movement, and the reshaping of international academic communication models.International open peer review platforms and communities are emerging as important forces in driving research innovation and enhancing research quality. In light of China's current situation, the article offers six recommendations to accelerate the development of open peer review platforms and communities: (1) fully recognizing the significance of open peer review platforms for Chinese science; (2) updating scientific publishing concepts to create a supportive environment for the development of open peer review platforms; (3) implementing policies to support the construction of open peer review platforms and communities in China; (4) promoting exemplary cases and innovative practices in the development of open peer review platforms and communities; (5) building robust national open peer review infrastructure to support the development of open peer review communities; and (6) engaging in brand building to create internationalized open peer review platforms and communities. These efforts aim to secure a new position for China in global scholarly communication.

The flavor substances of cigar tobacco leaves play a decisive role in the stylistic characteristics of cigars. Fermentation is an important process to improve the quality of cigar tobacco, which can affect the type, content and composition ratio of flavor substances in cigar tobacco, thus determining the quality of cigar tobacco leaves and cigar tobacco quality. This paper reviews the mechanism of fermentation and flavor perception of cigar tobacco leaves and the progress of flavor analysis of cigar tobacco leaves under different fermentation conditions, summarizes their effects on cigar tobacco leaves, and looks forward to the future research on cigar flavors to provide theoretical support for related research.

In recent year, the application of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) technology in fruit and vegetable preservation has gradually attracted attention. In order to understand the current status of this technology’s application in the preservation of fruits and vegctables, the research progress of high-voltage electrostatic field technology in fruit and vegetable preservation in recent years was reviewed, including its preservation mechanism, application status, application effect and future development trend, and the advantages of HVEF technology in efficient preservation and environmental protection were summarized, in purpose to provide reference for the application of HVEF technology in the preservation of fruits and vegetables.

This paper reviewed the application and effects of biochar in sugarcane cultivation. The application types and methods of biochar on sugarcane were summarized, and the effects of biochar application on sugarcane growth, soil physical and chemical properties, and microbial community structure were discussed. The effects of biochar on soil carbon sequestration, carbon emission reduction, and sugarcane disease prevention and control were analyzed. In addition, the paper proposed that in-depth research on the long-term interaction effects and mechanisms of biochar and sugarcane soil, the activities of beneficial microorganisms, and the changes of key populations should be carried out in the future, and the discussion on the resource utilization of sugarcane leaves should be strengthened, so as to further promote the application of biochar in sugarcane cultivation.

Potassium is one of the essential mineral nutrients for potato growth and development, and is crucial for potato growth and tuber formation. The low efficiency of potassium absorption and utilization is one of the important limiting factors in potato production in China, and screening the potato genotypes with high potassium efficiency is the best way to enhance the potassium utilization and deal with low potassium stress in potato. In this paper, the methods and indexes for screening of high potassium efficiency varieties of various crops in China and abroad were summarized from four aspects: the definition and assessment of potassium efficiency, the identification and evaluation of crop genotypes with high potassium efficiency, the physiological basis of high potassium absorption and the physiological basis of high potassium utilization. Combining with the characteristics of potato potassium requirement, the feasible methods and influencing factors for screening potato genotypes with high potassium efficiency were put forward, and the future research direction for improving potato potassium efficiency was prospected so as to provide a reference for the high yield and high potassium utilization of potato.

As a kind of plant functional food, edible plant enzymes have received wide attention in the fields of food and health products, and the related production processes have made progress in terms of raw materials, fermentation microorganisms and fermentation conditions. A review was conducted to analyze the current research status of edible plant enzymes. The main fermentation methods, main active ingredients, main functional roles, and the risks and challenges faced by edible plant enzymes were summarized. The fermentation of edible plant enzymes generally adopted natural fermentation and artificial inoculation fermentation. The use of artificial inoculation technology had the significant advantages of effectively reducing the time required for fermentation and improving the production efficiency. The main active ingredients of edible plant enzymes were polysaccharides, polyphenols, vitamins, etc., which had certain preventive and therapeutic effects in lowering blood lipids, antioxidant and cardiovascular diseases. In the production process of edible plant enzymes, artificial inoculation and fermentation required the selection of the right strain, control of fermentation conditions, and prevention of environmental pollution. The analysis results showed that the development prospect of edible plant enzymes was very promising. The aspects needed to be focused on in the futurewas proposed, and the mechanism of edible plant enzymes was made a prospective, aiming to provide a more valuable reference for the further research and development and promotion of edible plant enzymes.

In order to elucidate the response of crop nitrogen absorption and utilization to salt and alkali stress and the regulation mechanisms, based on domestically and internationally research progress, this article summed the effect of salt and alkali stress on crop growth from the aspects of seed germination, seedling growth, root growth, photosynthesis, osmotic regulation system, redox system, and ion balance; discussed the impact of salt and alkali stress on crop nitrogen absorption and utilization and the undying mechanisms from the aspects of soil nitrogen cycling, root nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen assimilation; summarized the regulatory methods on crop nitrogen uptake and utilization under salt alkali stress such as nitrogen efficient variety selection, soil conditioner application, organic matter application, growth regulator application, and endophytic mycorrhizal colonization, and discussed the undying mechanisms. This article pointed out that soil salinization was one of the key soil barrier factors limiting crop production. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application was an effective way to alleviate salt stress, but improper nitrogen fertilizer application could lead to a decrease in nitrogen utilization efficiency. Further in-depth research on crop nitrogen response mechanisms and regulatory pathways under salt stress from the soil-crop system could be of great significance for crop nutrient management and stable and high crops yield under soil salinization.

Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that is produced by various species of Fusarium and is ubiquitous in food and feed. At low concentrations, it can cause metabolic disorders in animals and humans and, at high concentrations, it can lead to pathological changes in the body. The impact of DON on human/animal health and animal productivity has thus attracted a great deal of attention around the world. DON causes severe damage to the intestine, including compromised intestinal barrier, mucosal damage, weakened immune function, and alterations in gut microbiota composition. These effects exacerbate intestinal infections and inflammation in livestock and poultry, posing adverse effects on overall health. Furthermore, research into biological methods for DON detoxification is a crucial avenue for future studies. This includes the utilization of adsorption, enzymatic degradation, and other biological approaches to mitigate DON's impact, offering new strategies for prevention and treatment of DON-induced diseases. Future research will focus on identifying highly efficient detoxifying microorganisms or enzymes to reduce DON levels in food and feed, thereby mitigating its risks to both animals and human health.

中国作为食用菌生产大国，每年产菌渣约1亿多t，这些菌渣营养丰富且用途广泛，但菌渣规范化、资源化利用程度较低。如何科学、合理地将废弃菌渣变废为宝越来越被关注。综述食用菌废弃菌渣综合利用研究现状，为食用菌菌渣的综合利用提供一定理论依据。

Banana fungal disease is one of the main diseases in banana production, which can seriously hinder the sustainable development of banana industry. The biological control based on biocontrol bacteria has great application prospects in the prevention and control of banana fungal diseases. However, the effective colonization of biocontrol bacteria to the host in the field and its stability of disease prevention ability have always been the problems to be solved. The mutation and improvement of biocontrol strains by physical mutagenesis technology can significantly improve the colonization ability of biocontrol bacteria to hosts and the control effect of diseases. In order to elucidate the impact of physical mutagenesis technology on improving the field control efficiency of biocontrol bacteria, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various types and mechanisms of physical mutagenesis technology, as well as its application in antagonizing bacteria. Additionally, it summarizes the utilization of physical mutagenesis in improving the resistance of beneficial microorganisms to banana fungus pathogens, along with the screening and identification methods for mutant strains. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the advantages and disadvantages associated on each mutagenesis technology. It is pointed out that the physical mutagenesis technology has some problems of difficulty to master the direction of induced mutation, low efficiency and instability. In order to address these limitations, novel physical mutagenesis techniques such as ion beam, intense pulsed light and space mutagenesis are proposed. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive reference for the application of physical mutagenesis technology in enhancing the efficacy of biocontrol bacteria for plant disease management. The application prospect of physical mutagenesis technology in enhancing antagonistic bacteria on banana fungal pathogens is also discussed.

Auxin is an important regulatory factor in the process of plant growth and development, and plants achieve their own growth and development through the regulation of auxin. As a member of the early auxin response gene family, the SAUR gene family is one of the indispensable regulatory factors in the auxin signal transduction pathway. In order to study the role of SAUR genes in biological processes such as plant growth and development and stress response, the bioinformatics characteristics, expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms of the SAUR gene family were analyzed. The functions of SAUR genes in plant cell elongation growth, light-mediated cotyledon and apical hook opening, flower organ formation, fruit development, and stress response were summarized. It was pointed out that SAUR genes not only affected plant growth and development in multiple aspects, but also participated in the response of plants to abiotic stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for future research on the molecular mechanisms of SAUR genes and the cultivation of plant varieties.

大蒜种植时需满足鳞芽向上、直立种植的农艺要求，因此蒜种的定向是实现大蒜机械化种植的关键，基于机器视觉的蒜种定向技术是解决一般大蒜品种的蒜种定向问题的有效方法，相关研究集中在图像识别蒜种芽尖的算法和识别后的控制调向技术上。目前对蒜种鳞芽进行图像识别的算法有多种，识别正确率最高可达99%,主要以采集静态的蒜种图像作为研究对象，考虑实际工作环境中运动的蒜种、光照、灰尘等对采集蒜种图像带来的影响，对采集到不同方位蒜种图像的识别结果分析，蒜种间形状特征差异对识别结果的影响研究以及多角度采集蒜种图像来综合识别蒜种芽尖位置的研究较少。目前对图像识别后的控制调向技术的研究，调向机构的运动均为间歇运动，且在图像识别后执行，蒜种定向作业效率偏低，难以适应大蒜播种机的作业速度。目前为止还没有基于机器视觉的蒜种智能定向技术大蒜播种机产品出现，现有技术的实用化差距主要表现在单粒取种、图像识别、调向机构及控制这些关键技术的融合度不够，因此随着3个技术有机结合的创新研究，使鳞芽识别和调向并行，并在蒜种连续运动的状态下完成定向，在简化鳞芽识别算法以及调向机构的运动的同时，提高蒜种定向效率。本文可为该项技术的实际应用研究提供参考，以推动大蒜生产机械化、智能化发展进程。

农业大数据已成为现代农业新型资源要素,也是重要的农业科技创新方向,不仅促进现代农业的生产、经营、管理和服务,而且还耦合催化三产融合。欧美发达国家特别注重农业大数据在现代农业中的作用,我国农业大数据的研究与应用也发展较快,农业数据具有涉及领域广、跨越周期长、采集难度大、处理较为繁杂的特点,因此系统梳理农业大数据应用进展,进一步明确未来发展方向,对我国农业大数据的研究和应用具有重要意义。本文通过文献调研并结合相关科研实践,对比分析了不同学者对农业大数据的定义,阐述了农业大数据的概念和内涵,系统综述了近年来农业大数据在管理与政策、工程与应用、技术与架构等方面的应用进展。最后,根据我国农业大数据发展的现状,指出平台与数据、需求与应用、交易与共享等农业大数据未来发展需要特别关注的三个方面,为进一步促进我国农业大数据领域发展提供建议。

植物表型是指基因和环境因素决定或影响的作物物理、生理、生化特征和性状。准确和快速的获取植物在各种不同环境条件下的表型信息,从而挖掘其基因组的遗传和表现规律,可有效推动有关基因组与表型信息关联性研究。无人机高通量植物表型平台凭借无人机机动灵活的特点,适合于农作物田间环境中的植物表型数据获取,具有数据获取效率高和成本低等优势,借助于图像、高光谱、激光雷达等先进传感器技术,为高效获取各类植物表型数据提供了可行的途径;与此同时,快速发展的大数据技术和智能数据分析技术为无人机所获取的植物表型图像提供有效的分析处理方法和技术。在此背景下,基于无人机平台的高通量植物表型分析,为研究田间作物表型信息提供了重要的方法和工具。本文综述了国内外无人机高通量作物表型大数据分析的最新研究成果,就其研究原理、相关算法、过程、关键技术及应用等进行总结与分析,重点讨论了应用于无人机高通量植物表型大数据分析相关的大数据处理与智能分析技术,重点分析了植物株高获取、叶面积指数、植物病害等典型的表型分析需求,并就其应用前景进行了总结和展望。

农业供应链是我国现代农业市场体系建设中不可或缺的组成部分。建立现代化的农业供应链体系,对推进农村一二三产业融合发展、提高流通现代化水平、提升农业竞争力和国际话语权等具有重要意义。自加入WTO以来,我国农业高度开放,受到全球农业供应链的影响越来越大。加强农业供应链管理已成为学术界研究的热点,也是新冠肺炎疫情全球蔓延新形势下政府关切和管理调控的难点、农业生产经营者关注的焦点。我国在农业供应链管理研究方面起步晚,但近10年来发展较快。本文通过文献研究并结合相关科研实践,分析比较了不同方面对农业供应链的定义,阐述了农业供应链管理的概念和内涵,重点综述了农业供应链管理在理论研究、流通模式、风险管理和技术创新等方面的研究应用进展。最后,结合国内外新形势及我国实际,指出了突发事件下的农业供应链应急管理、经济全球化背景下农业供应链治理能力、绿色农业供应链体系构建及管理、智慧农业供应链的创新等有待继续深入研究的方向与热点问题,为促进我国农业供应链管理领域发展提供建议。

中国森林康养业在生态文明建设和“健康中国”等政策推动下不断发展。在系统梳理国内森林康养相关研究发展脉络与研究趋势的基础上，借助VOSviewer可视化分析软件，以2017—2021年的771篇文献为研究对象，进行作者共现、研究热词等分析。结果表明：国内关于森林康养的研究大多于2017年开始，并在至2021年的5年内逐年上升，呈现出快速增长趋势，且相关政策的推动以及行业标准的完善激发了学者对行业研究的热情；国内森林康养研究领域的高产研究者数量较少、分布较为分散，学者之间合作研究较少，且合作多为校内合作，跨校跨区合作较少；森林康养相关领域的研究主要以公众健康需求、国家政策、提升社会价值、顺应相关产业发展趋势等方面为主要导向。目前中国森林康养研究已进入高速发展阶段，研究热点广泛。基于此，未来相关领域内的研究深度和广度预计会进一步拓展，研究团体合作关系将更加紧密，研究对象也将进一步拓展。

农业战略性新兴产业领域研究起步于国家出台战略性新兴产业的政策意见与发展规划后，其概念、特征等基本内涵由战略性新兴产业向农业领域延伸与拓展而来。首先，在科学梳理战略性新兴产业的基本内涵、产业选择、运行机理、发展路径等研究成果的基础上，对农业战略性新兴产业涉及基本内涵等上述4个方面的研究成果进行了系统阐述；其次，客观分析了农业战略性新兴产业与战略性新兴产业在基本内涵等上述4个方面的研究异同，研究认为两者在本质上是一脉相承的，具有较强的关联性与共性；最后，对两者的研究成果从4个方面进行了系统评价与科学总结，并从培育农业战略性新兴产业是大势所趋、农业战略性新兴产业的理论与实证研究将齐头并进、农业战略性新兴产业研究逐步向广度和深度方面延伸与拓展等3个方面提出了农业战略性新兴产业发展与学术研究的趋势。

卷积神经网络是一种特殊的人工神经网络，通过卷积核遍历图获取更多的目标特征信息。近年来，遥感技术发展迅速并被广泛应用于土地利用分析、作物分类识别、作物生长监测和病虫害检测，卷积神经网络为提取农业遥感图像的有效信息提供了新方法。卷积神经语义分割网络可根据语义信息对遥感图像像素点进行标注分割，在计算机计算能力逐步提高的前提下，分割网络结构优化，深度加深，分割准确率提高，性能提升。针对实际需要网络侧重于模块化设计改进，在土地利用分析和农作物分类识别应用中，改进的网络分割边缘细化、清晰，且像素准确率较高。在作物生长监测和病虫害识别方面，模块化改进使网络可高效实现分割任务、满足实际需要，卷积神经网络对农业遥感图像信息的语义分割为农业现代化和精细化管理提供了信息支撑。

生态补偿是激励环境服务提供者提供环境服务的有效经济手段，近20年来获得了快速发展，当前对生态补偿研究进展进行综述十分必要。在解构生态补偿核心问题的基础上，构建了生态补偿分析框架，基于生态补偿组成和生态补偿效率两个层面，从补偿主体、补偿客体、补偿标准、补偿瞄准、补偿的条件性5个方面综述了生态补偿研究进展。最后开展了趋势与展望分析，认为有两大研究趋势，一是以社会资本投入为主的市场补偿是未来生态补偿的研究热点，二是生态补偿涉及的领域将会逐步拓展，展望生态补偿未来发展，效率研究将是进一步研究的方向，包括补偿标准、补偿瞄准、补偿条件性的研究，这既是推进生态补偿理论创新的需要，也是面向实践生态补偿效率亟须提高的需要。

中央和新疆地方政府的引导和推动以及市场的内生动力使新疆农业保险市场的规模以及保险深度和保险密度增长迅速，最近若干年连续处于全国前列，对于服务新疆“三农”起到了重要作用，但新疆农业保险在发展过程中在较长时期内存在不少难点问题。在对近年关于新疆农业保险问题相关文献进行系统梳理的基础上，归纳总结该领域遇到的困难，包括新疆农业保险需求影响因素复杂多样，地区差异明显、农业保险创新产品市场拓展阻力较大、兵地农业保险差异使农业保险的推进存在特有难题，该行业的运行效率未达最佳水平以及该行业发展与相关宏观经济变量协同效应有待提高。基于此，在政府层面，新疆农业保险保持稳定快速发展需要在政府补贴上进一步精准化，推动政企学研的融合发展，推动“保险+金融”服务体系的改革创新和农村技术培训内容和形式的创新；在保险公司层面，需要从宣传、产品创新推广和进一步优化理赔程序3个方面持续发力。最后，对新疆农业保险未来的发展和研究方向做了思考。

近年来，推荐系统的应用取得了飞速进步。大数据、人工智能技术的出现为农业信息化的加速发展提供了广阔的空间和前景。为提升农业领域内推荐技术的应用，满足农业用户的信息获取需求，对传统协同过滤推荐算法进行了一定的改进，重点体现在融合了K-means算法以及BIRCH算法进行聚类分析，通过搭建HowNet极性词典解决传统协同过滤方法过度依赖用户具体评分的问题，并提出了一种个性化推荐模型，利用相关数据源，进行模型验证。实验结果表明，该模型运行稳定，可以达到精准推荐农业技术信息的目的。

农业知识驱动服务技术是指运用先进信息技术，科学、高效调配农业领域专业知识服务资源，为农业行业提供智能化知识服务的技术，在解决农业技术服务供需严重失衡等难点问题方面具有重要意义，日益成为支撑农业转型升级和高质量发展的重要引擎，代表着核心研究方向，伴随着技术发展全过程。目前农业行业迫切需要解决的是知识供给严重不足、服务效率不高的问题。农业知识驱动服务技术经历较长时间发展，在知识高效匹配和精准供给方面取得了较大进步，特别是2022年11月以来ChatGPT这类技术的出现，充分展现了超大规模预训练模型在知识智能服务方面的巨大潜力，这也是农业知识驱动服务可以取得突破的关键所在，可以在这方面发挥重要作用。该文在分析农业知识驱动服务相关技术现状的基础上，展望了农业领域可行的知识驱动服务技术路径，预测农业领域知识服务大模型研发构建会呈现参数由少到多、算力由弱趋强、强化训练逐渐加深的特点得到快速发展应用，未来将在专业技术指导、农业“装备-信息-农艺”融合、农业信息系统平台服务总线等方面系统升级现有农业知识服务范式，多模态服务将得到系统融合加深，人机交互模式将向“人性化”方向进一步黏合增强，从而为农业智能化转型升级提供全新的技术支撑，引领农业知识服务从数据检索、语义匹配迈向生成式知识驱动模式转变。

中国有90%以上的草地处于退化或正在退化状态，严重影响畜牧业和生态环境的可持续发展，退化草地改良十分关键。目前，草地改良技术相关科学研究、草地改良生产实践、草地改良机械研发等与实际存在一定的脱节现象，限制了中国草地改良的整体推进。针对以上问题，该研究对24种目前常见的草地改良技术进行总结，归纳了改良技术特点及适用条件。对草地改良技术进行系统分析，建立草地改良技术分类框架，形成草地综合改良工艺流程。在所建立的4类草地改良原理框架下，分析了相应改良技术作业工艺及相关作业机械的特点，并指出相关作业机械和设备的研发方向。基于目前草地退化还未彻底遏制的现状，未来草地保护和退化草地的机械化改良应重点开展以下工作：1）加强草地保护，增加草地退化预防环节，坚持走用草养地相结合的道路。2）草地改良工艺方面，在现有免耕直播改良工艺基础上重组和优化改良工艺，研发和推广复式改良机械。3）在草地机械化改良技术方面，应强化基础研究，弥补现有改良机械的技术短板，充分发挥特色技术优势。4）在草地保护和改良政策方面，应加强政策支持和对基层的技术指导，提高基层对草地保护和草地改良的积极性。该研究可为退化草地改良工艺方案制定、相关作业机械选择、相关政策制定等提供参考，为草地改良机械设备的研发提供借鉴。

推进农业装备智能化能够有效解决农业劳动力短缺的问题。环境感知是农业装备智能化的首要条件。然而，农业环境的动态变化和非结构化特性限制了无人农机的环境感知能力。该文对无人农机的作业环境信息感知技术进行全面梳理，首先介绍了无人农机作业环境的典型要素和各类感知传感器，并分析了不同传感器的优缺点，然后分别从障碍物感知、作物行感知和农田边界及高程信息感知等方面，对无人农机作业环境信息感知技术进行归纳总结，最后讨论了无人农机作业环境信息感知技术面临的挑战及发展趋势，旨在推动环境感知技术在农业领域的应用，促进农业机械的智能化转型。

长期集约化耕作导致中国设施土壤重金属累积和面源污染风险增加的状况已引起广泛关注。该研究总结了中国设施土壤重金属累积状况及其来源，发现长期盲目投入肥料及农药是引发设施菜田土壤重金属累积问题的主要原因。目前，设施土壤重金属累积呈现出广泛性和中轻度污染特征，其中镉是主要的污染元素。遵循面源污染治理中“源头预控-过程阻断-末端修复”原则，基于国内外文献综述，该文总结归纳出适用于设施土壤重金属累积特征与污染的联合阻控技术及作用机制。首先在灌溉和肥药投入等源头环节减少重金属输入；其次在作物种植过程中，通过选用重金属低积累特性的蔬菜种类或品种，结合水肥一体化施用大分子有机水溶性肥料或叶面喷施具有阻控重金属作用的营养型阻控剂，抑制作物吸收重金属；最后在末端修复环节，利用具有多元功能的土壤改良剂或微生物菌剂进行土壤钝化修复，或采用具有超重金属富集能力且能提高设施土壤生物多样性的植物作为填闲作物，实现生物修复的目标。该联合阻控技术的原则在于协同考虑污染防治、土壤改良、减肥增效等农学和环境目标，集成土壤修复与改良、水肥一体化、填闲作物栽培等技术，并兼顾设施土壤重金属污染修复工程所面临的投入品成本较高、经济效益不明显、缺失可持续改良导致效果不稳定等问题，优推能够钝化重金属并改良土壤的多功能土壤改良剂以及具有阻控重金属吸收、提高作物抗逆性的多功能有机水溶性肥料。上述措施能解决设施土壤普遍存在的重金属累积问题，提升土壤的安全生产能力，可为设施农业可持续发展提供更有效的技术支撑。

针对现有单边制动履带车辆跟踪控制算法同周期内并行控制难、跟踪精度低、转向控制次数较多等问题，该研究以电控化改装后江苏筑水农机 3B55 型履带运输车为试验平台，开展单边制动履带车辆路径跟踪控制算法研究。通过单边制动履带车辆运动学分析，构建车辆预瞄跟踪模型，提出一种预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法，将横向偏差与航向偏差作为多输入输出模糊控制器输入参数，实现车辆同一控制周期内转向与直线行驶的并行控制。为了优化车辆路径跟踪精度与转向控制次数，提出改进麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm, SSA)的自适应前视距求解算法，考虑车辆的横向偏差和转向路径角度约束，解析较优前视距离，通过仿真和田间试验对算法进行跟踪精度与转向控制次数综合评价。仿真结果表明：基于自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法跟踪多角度规划路径时，车辆转向控制次数为89次，误差面积为1.74 m2。田间作业路况下，由于试验路面起伏不平，并且随速度增加车辆跟踪精度下降，但跟踪精度及转向控制次数随前视距离的变化规律与仿真结果一致，当车辆分别以0.14、0.47和0.83 m/s跟踪路径时，自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法相对于固定前视距离预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法车辆转向控制次数分别减少13.59%、9.87%和11.25%，误差面积分别减少19.93%、48.48%和54.59%，验证了算法的有效性。研究结果可为单边制动履带车辆的农机自动导航技术提供创新思路与技术支撑。

稳定性是生态系统保持或恢复自身结构和功能的能力,是维持生态系统服务功能的关键。近年来全球植被稳定性面临重大威胁,生态系统稳定性的研究逐步成为生态学的热点问题。本文综述了稳定性的定义、空间格局及其影响机制,指出了当前研究存在的问题,并对未来发展提出展望。目前研究发现,生态系统稳定性是一个多维结构,主要包括抵抗力、恢复力和时间稳定性三个方面。稳定性及其影响机制具有很强的空间异质性与尺度依赖性,主要表现为在站点尺度由生物多样性等生物因素控制,而在区域及全球尺度则由温度、降水、辐射等非生物因素控制。目前植被稳定性的研究中尚存在数据源噪声难以去除,量化方法未标准化等问题。未来稳定性的研究可逐步由站点等局部尺度向区域、大陆等全局尺度扩展,并形成标准化的稳定性评估方法。

气候变暖、降水格局变化等是气候变化的主要表现形式，也是影响土壤呼吸主要的非生物因素，探明气象条件（温度、水分）对土壤呼吸影响及作用机制是理解陆地生态系统碳循环的重要内容之一。本文对近年来国内外学者关于温度和水分对土壤呼吸的影响及机制的研究进展进行综述。结果表明，（1）气候变暖与土壤呼吸存在正反馈调节，但温度适应性削弱了二者的反馈关系。增温时长和土壤碳储量不同导致温度对土壤呼吸的影响具有时空差异。土壤呼吸对温度适应性机制主要包括土壤微生物适应性、底物消耗和土壤矿物质活化等。（2）降水对土壤呼吸的作用取决于土壤初始水分含量。当土壤含水量低于萎蔫系数时，降水不仅增加土壤含水量还可促进土壤呼吸，在土壤含水量接近田间持水量时土壤呼吸达到最大值，当土壤含水量达到饱和值时土壤呼吸又会受到抑制。水分对土壤呼吸影响机制主要为替代效应与阻滞效应、底物供给、微生物胁迫以及根系响应等。（3）土壤呼吸与土壤温度、水分的耦合关系取决于土壤水热因子配比，当土壤温度成为胁迫因子时，降水引发的土壤水分含量升高对土壤呼吸的激发效应被低温的负面影响所抑制；当土壤水分成为胁迫因子时，气候变暖引发的土壤温度升高对土壤呼吸的促进作用被干旱的负面影响所抵消，进行土壤呼吸研究时需充分考虑土壤温度和水分的交互作用。为更全面深入地明晰陆地生态系统土壤碳排放扰动因素，未来气候变化下土壤呼吸与环境关系等相关领域研究应为重点方向，一是加强多因素交互作用对土壤呼吸影响的研究，并定量化研究土壤呼吸组分；二是持续关注土壤呼吸对土壤初始温度和温度波动的响应特征，探索生物多样性或群落结构组成对土壤呼吸的影响。

寒露风是双季晚稻抽穗扬花期间,因低温造成抽穗扬花受阻、空壳率增加的一种灾害性天气。为了解寒露风研究现状、继承和完善寒露风研究成果并加以突破提供借鉴和参考,本文通过对有关寒露风文献的分析和梳理,总结了寒露风研究的主要成果。大气环流异常是引发大范围寒露风的根本原因,地形、地貌、海拔等因素能引起小范围寒露风。寒露风对晚稻的危害主要在抽穗开花期,其次是孕穗期。寒露风指标研究大多基于田间试验、气象要素模拟试验、生产实践以及历史数据、文献的分析,应用比较广泛的指标是"寒露风等级"和"水稻冷害评估技术规范"。寒露风预报以天气学方法较为常见、数理统计法不可或缺、神经网络等新方法的运用是一种趋势。在南方双季稻区,寒露风主要出现在9月中下旬或以后,在全球气候变暖背景下,寒露风初日呈推迟趋势、天数呈减少趋势,但存在连续多年提前和天数增加的案例。单点(站)观测、3S技术是寒露风监测常用的技术。合理安排晚稻播种期、选择耐低温品种、以水调温等多技术并举,对防御寒露风有较好效果。本文还针对寒露风研究存在的指标因子不全面、指标标准不统一、预测预报和监测评估精度达不到精细化服务的需求等主要问题,展望了未来研究的主要方向:深化寒露风多因子致灾机理及多气象要素指标研究,构建指标体系;利用大数据、人工智能等新技术,强化农业气象智能化精准预报技术研究;加强气象观测、卫星遥感及作物模型等相融合的精密监测评估技术研究;重视气候变化背景下的寒露风新规律研究;开展与气候变化及农业科技进步相适应的防灾减灾技术研究。

青藏高原为全球气候变化敏感区，生态系统非常脆弱。青稞是青藏高原主要作物，对气候变化较为敏感。本文梳理了当前以及未来气候变化对青藏高原青稞生产影响的相关研究，就青藏高原农业气候资源和农业气象灾害变化以及气候变化对青稞种植制度、生育期和产量的影响进行归纳总结。已有研究结果表明，在气候变化背景下，青藏高原地区较其他地区增温显著，降水增加，日照时数减少，干旱和洪涝等农业气象灾害更加频繁；气候变化使得青稞潜在种植界限向高纬度、高海拔地区移动，可种植面积增加，生育期缩短，当前气候变化对青稞生长有利，同时品种更替和技术进一步提高了青稞产量和适应气候变化的能力，但在未来气候变化影响下，青稞生育期将继续缩短，青稞生产及藏区粮食安全面临严峻考验。现有研究存在青稞研究区域局限性，气候变化对青稞复合影响和综合风险评估研究较少等问题。未来需深入认识气候变化对青稞生产影响的机制机理，创建青稞气象灾害影响与综合风险动态评估技术体系，制定有效措施促进高原青稞生产适应气候变化，保障青藏高原青稞粮食安全。

对2017年以前预测未来气候变化对中国小麦产量影响的国内外相关研究进行了综述,并对其中26篇研究信息相对全面完整的文献进行Meta分析,总结了原始独立研究预测结果的差异,并讨论差异的可能来源,以期为本领域后续研究提供依据。结果表明:(1)未来气候变化对中国小麦产量的影响存在一定不确定性,但以负面影响为主;A2和B2主流气候情景下预测的小麦产量减产幅度较其它气候情景分别高18%和20%。(2)政策、技术、市场和投入等非气候性因素有助于适应气候变化,引入这些因素时小麦增产幅度预测结果增加10%;(3)研究数据和方法对预测结果有显著影响,预测时间间隔每延长一年,小麦产量增幅和减幅预测结果提高1%,进行产量分离、采用相应的气候模型和作物模型对预测增幅有显著的正向影响,增加水平分别为26%、22%和18%;(4)期刊文献比非期刊文献的产量增幅预测结果平均高5%。

近年来畜牧业发展迅速,畜禽粪便的产出量与日俱增。多项规定的出台限制畜禽粪便的随意抛洒及丢弃。对畜禽粪便的回收再利用方法的需求迫在眉睫。利用畜禽粪便饲养蚯蚓一举两得,即消耗了粪便,又创造了经济收益和生态效益。相比于其他利用方式,养殖蚯蚓对畜禽粪便用量大、投入低、方法简单、适用范围广。本文介绍了蚯蚓的生活习性和利用畜禽粪便养殖的注意事项,以及养殖蚯蚓的越冬方法,以期为东北地区蚯蚓的养殖提供技术基础。

Zimbabwe is currently rated as one of the top 10 fish producers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fish farming in Zimbabwe is dominated by the culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) followed by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Over 90% of the cultured fish is O. niloticus, which comes from Lake Kariba. Since the first decade of the 21st century, there has been a significant increase in fish production from two tons to eight tons annually. The increase in fish production has been attributed to the government and donor-funded fishery programs. In this review, current practices, opportunities, and challenges for aquaculture in Zimbabwe are highlighted. The current practices include intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive aquaculture systems. Consistent high market demand for fish and numerous water bodies with potential for cage culture are some of the drivers for aquaculture. Despite the industry's significant growth, there are still a number of management and production issues that need to be resolved. Weaknesses in structural issues and operational frameworks in Non-Governmental Organizations, lack of credit facilities, subsidies, limited technology, obfuscated governance, weak fish disease surveillance mechanisms and legal frameworks, and constrained human resources capacity are some of the challenges plaguing fish culture in Zimbabwe. Cogent aquaculture policies, sustainable subsidies, intensive training of human resources and fisheries experts, strengthened disease surveillance, cheaper alternative fish feeds, reliable viable fingerling production, concerted value chain efforts, and exploration of lucrative export markets is a panacea for the fledgling aquaculture industry in Zimbabwe.

微塑料是难以降解的污染物，可作为众多污染物的载体，在土壤中极易与其他污染物发生复合效应，对土壤产生不利影响。本文系统分析了聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚酰胺（PA）六种微塑料与重金属、持久性有机污染物和抗生素在土壤中的相互作用及其影响因素。在土壤介质中，微塑料与重金属的作用受微塑料比表面积、老化程度、极性以及土壤中H+、低分子酸的影响；微塑料与持久性污染物的作用受微塑料疏水性、橡胶域丰度、污染物极性以及土壤有机质的影响；微塑料与抗生素的作用受微塑料比表面积、极性以及土壤中的腐殖质等物质的影响。研究结果将为阐明微塑料在土壤环境中与其他污染物的相互作用影响因素提供理论支撑。

土壤健康是维持植物、动物和人类生命系统及陆地生态系统健康的重要保证。原生动物在土壤中分布广泛,可调控土壤微生物组、养分循环、污染物去除等众多生态过程,在维持土壤生态系统功能及土壤健康中发挥着重要作用。土壤原生动物捕食及杀菌机制与哺乳动物巨噬细胞免疫机制类似,其与细菌的相互作用,尤其是与病原菌的胞内共生关系,是影响病原菌毒力、扩散传播及感染风险的重要环境选择压力。本文总结了原生动物对病原菌毒力、进化、传播扩散的影响,以及病原菌在原生动物胞内的存活和进化机制,为预防环境病原菌富集、扩散和传播提供新的研究思路,对维持土壤健康有重要意义。

近年来,生物炭因其在环境中的高稳定性以及固碳减排功能,成为国内外的研究热点。然而,生物炭并不是完全惰性的,它的稳定性与其化学结构和所处的环境体系密切相关。为探究生物炭在土壤矿物质作用下的稳定性和固碳潜能,本文通过分析生物炭与土壤矿物质中无机离子的相互作用机理、生物炭与矿物质颗粒团聚过程,系统论述了土壤矿物质对生物炭稳定性的影响。土壤矿物质无机离子可与生物炭发生络合、阳离子桥联、沉淀和静电吸引等相互作用形成有机-矿质复合体,矿物质颗粒成分可与土壤有机质和生物炭等发生团聚,这两种形式为生物炭提供物理保护,提高生物炭的化学稳定性。生物炭在团聚体中的分布会随时间变化:前期主要存在于粉+黏团聚体,后期主要分布于微团聚体和大团聚体。团聚体的形成将限制微生物的数量与类群、降低生物炭与微生物接触概率、减缓微生物降解利用生物炭的速率,进而增强生物炭的生物稳定性。

Seaweed is a promising marine macroalgae of the millennium, providing various ecological, social, and economic benefits. At present, seaweed production reached 35.8 million t from farming, accounting for 97% of global seaweed output, with a world market of US$ 11.8 billion. Seaweeds are an excellent source of nutritious human food because of their low lipid content, high minerals, fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Many seaweed sub-products offer unique properties to develop various functional foods for the food processing industries. In the perspective of climate change mitigation, seaweed farms absorb carbon, serve as a CO2 sink and reduce agricultural emissions by providing raw materials for biofuel production and livestock feed. Seaweed farming system also helps in climate change adaptation by absorbing wave energy, safeguarding shorelines, raising the pH of the surrounding water, and oxygenating the waters to minimize the impacts of ocean acidification and hypoxia on a localized scale. Moreover, it contributes substantially to the sustainable development of the economic condition of coastal women by providing livelihood opportunities and ensuring financial solvency. This review paper highlights the significance of seaweed farming in global food and nutritional security, mitigation and adaptation to global climate change, and women empowerment within a single frame. This review paper also outlined the major issues and challenges of seaweed farming for obtaining maximum benefits in these aspects. The main challenges of making seaweed as a staple diet to millions of people include producing suitable species of seaweeds, making seaweed products accessible, affordable, nutritionally balanced, and attractive to the consumers. Various food products must be developed from seaweeds that may be considered equivalent to the foods consumed by humans today. Lack of effective marine spatial planning to avoid user conflicts is vital for expanding the seaweed farming systems to provide aquatic foods and contribute globally for mitigation and adaptation of climate change impacts. Hence, women's empowerment through seaweed farming is primarily constrained by the lack of technical knowledge and financial resources to establish the coastal farming system. All the information discussed in this paper will help to understand the critical needs for large-scale seaweed farming for climate resilience mariculture, potentials for global food security, and future research on various aspects of seaweed farming and their diverse utilization.