The drought resistance response and physiological mechanism of potato under drought stress were studied by exploring the botanical characters, physiological indexes and microscopic indexes of potato under different soil water content conditions. Two potato varieties of ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Minshu 1’ were used as materials. The optimum moisture content of soil in T₀ (CK) (70%-75% relative soil water content) was taken as the control, and other treatments were T₁ (55%-60%), T₂ (40%-45%), T₃ (25%-30%) and T₄ (no watering after emergence). The botanical characters, physiological indexes and microscopic indexes of potato plant were analyzed respectively. The results show that water stress has significant effects on phenotypic traits (plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of aboveground part, dry weight of aboveground part, leaf area, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root length) of the two potato varieties, the measured values of the above botanical characters of ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Minshu 1’ have a decreasing tendency with the decrease of soil water content, the plant height, fresh weight of aboveground part, dry weight of aboveground part, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root length of ‘Qingshu 9’ are all higher than those of ‘Minshu 1’. The analysis of physiological indexes shows that under T₂-T₄ treatments, the contents of proline, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in potato are significantly different from those of control T₀ (P<0.01). The microscopic index analysis shows that the upper epidermal thickness, lower epidermal thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness and grid-sea ratio of the leaves are all affected by water stress. The experiment could provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant cultivation and breeding of potato.

Phytophthora infestans, which causes potato late blight, is one of the most destructive pathogens in potato production. Biocontrol agent (BCAs) as an alternative to chemical fungicides to control potato late blight is one of the important measures to ensure the sustainable development of potato production. In this paper, the research situation and characteristics of potato late blight were briefly reviewed, and the current researches of biocontrol microbes against potato late blight were summarized. The species, source, control effect, antibacterial active substances and action mechanism of the biocontrol microbes for P. infestans were systematically summarized from three levels of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The challenges and limitations of the development and application of biocontrol agents were analyzed. It was suggested that the future biological control of potato late blight should be further studied in four aspects: strengthening the defense function of potato, establishing the prediction model of late blight, paying attention to the population dynamics of biocontrol microorganisms and revealing the control mechanism of P. infestans. The aim is to provide reference for the development and application of biocontrol agents against potato late blight, and sustainable development of potato green industry.

To explore the safety application technology of the new herbicide flurochloridone in potato field on Qinghai Plateau, the potato variety ‘Qingshu 9’ was used as material, pesticide registration field efficacy trials and potato quality analysis were conducted, and the best dosage, application mode and quality index data of flurochloridone were measured. The results show that the effective dose of flurochloridone in potato field is recommended to be 350-650 g a.i./hm ², the best application time is after sowing and before seedling, usually at 15-20 d after sowing. The best application mode is to seal the soil. The comprehensive control effect of Flurochloridone on monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds could be more than 80%, and the yield could be increased by more than 10.15%, and it had no effect on the important parameters of the content of starch, Vc and reducing sugar and the dry matter quality. Therefore, Flurochloridone can be popularized as the main herbicide in potato fields on Qinghai Plateau and potato growing areas in northwest China.

The progresses of research on potato mop top virus (PMTV) were reviewed in this paper. The distribution and transmission, molecular characteristic, symptoms, pathogenic mechanism of PMTV and its detection methods were briefly introduced. The virus occurred in potatoes grown in high-latitude or high-altitude regions with cooler climates and was transmitted by seeds and Spongospora subterranea, the causal agent of potato powdery scab disease .and could cause potato spraing, a serious tuber disease whose symptoms include necrotic arcs and lines in infected tubers. The particularity of PMTV and the difficulty to prevention of this virus were analyzed. The further researches should be focus on the interaction of powdery scab fungus, potato plants and PMTV, and on mining the resistance genes and carrying out potato breeding for the resistance to PMTV, and on the establishment of a rapid and accurate PMTV detection method, and on strategy for control and management of both powdery scab and PMTV.

【Objective】As the fourth staple food crop in China, potato suitability evaluation is of great significance to ensure national food security. Based on climate data, this study constructed an integrated species distribution model to predict the climate suitable area of potato in China in the future, and provided an important scientific reference for optimizing potato planting in China.【Method】In this study, the future climate data derived from six different global climate models (GCMs) were used to drive an ensemble of five different species distribution models (SDMs) to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of climate suitable areas of potato cultivation in China in the historical (1970-2000) and four future (2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100) periods under four greenhouse gas emission scenarios (ssp126, ssp245, ssp370, and ssp585). 【Result】 (1) The precipitation in the wettest month, the highest temperature in the warmest month, and the average temperature in the coldest quarter were the main meteorological factors that affected the climate suitability of potato in China, with their contribution rates of 54.7%, 21.4% and 18.1%, respectively. (2) In four scenarios of greenhouse gas emission, the prediction results of various suitable areas were basically the same, showing the similar trends that the areas of suitable and low suitable would become larger, while the area of high suitable would become smaller. Only in Hainan, Tibet, Xinjiang and some other regions, the climate was not suitable for potato planting. The suitable potato planting areas (including both suitable and high suitable) exceed 50% in all cases. (3) In the future, the low suitable and suitable areas for potato planting will increase greatly, while the high suitable areas will decrease. The order of areas of different suitable grades would remain: suitable areas>low suitable areas>high suitable areas. (4) With the increase of greenhouse gas emission level, the high suitable area in China would be greatly reduced. For spatial distribution, the high suitable areas were mainly in Northeast China, Gansu, western Xinjiang, and some parts of southwest China. From the perspective of time, the future climate change would greatly affect the northwest of Shaanxi, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the central and western Inner Mongolia and other regions. The climate suitability of potato planting would obviously decrease. 【Conclusion】In this study, the integrated species distribution models were constructed to predict the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of potato climate suitable areas in the future. Northeast, Gansu, Southwest and other regions of China could be the main potato planting areas, while Xinjiang and other regions could be the main development areas. The rest regions should be given priority to the development of other staple crops and cash crops according to local conditions.

【Objective】The improvement and innovation of screening markers contributes to the development of transgenic technology, among which the visual screening markers are widely modified for better effect. Recent studies revealed that an enhanced Yellow Green Fluorescent like Protein (eYGFPuv (GFPuv)) obtained by mutation can emit strong and stable green fluorescence under 365 nm UV light irradiation and be easily observed. Constructing the gene editing vector with GFPuv fluorescence screening marker and carrying out experiment application and verifications in potato genetic transformation will provide technical support for the screening of positive transgenic plants in potato transformation, and lay the foundation for using genome editing technology to create potato male sterile lines in the future. 【Method】By using homologous recombination, the GFPuv expression framework and gene editing element Cas9_sgRNA were successively recombined into pCAMBIA2300 vector, and then with this new designed vector the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay was conducted in tobacco plants. Six editing vectors with potato anther development conservative genes were constructed using this modified vector. The A. rhizogenes strains Ar qual and MSU440 harbouring these vectors were transformed into the potato stem segments respectively, and then the A. rhizogenes-induced hairy roots with green fluorescence were observed and counted under the portable UV lamp. The transformation efficiency and editing efficiency of these vectors were analyzed using hairy root transformation system in two different potato genotypes. In the end, the modified vectors were applied to produce transformed potato plants with modifications on target genes. 【Result】A novel gene editing vector pCAMBIA2300MGFPuv-sgRNACas harbouring a GFPuv fluorescence marker was successfully constructed, and the transient transformation in tobacco plants confirmed that the GFPuv expression framework was expressed successfully. The hairy roots with green fluorescence were screened after the transformation with two kinds of A. rhizogenes, and an additional supplement of kanamycin (Kan) significantly increased the proportion of positive fluorescent roots. Although the transformation rates of the two strains were not significantly different, the hairy roots of MSU440 formed faster. Furthermore, the transformation rates and editing rates of editing vectors for six potato anther development conservative genes in two different potato genotypes were the same, but the editing rates of six target sites differed significantly. Potato genetic transformation using the modified vector confirmed that GFPuv fluorescence could be used for the screening of transgenic callus and plants in potato. 【Conclusion】The hairy root transformation system mediated by A. rhizogenes is an essential approach to verifying the efficiency of gene editing, and GFPuv fluorescence can be used in the screening of transgenic plants in potato transformation.

The experiment, combining field experiment and laboratory analysis, was conducted to study yield components and the change rule of Nitrogen utilization characteristic with potato variety “gram new No 1” under the condition of water and nitrogen coupling, and to identify the best water and nitrogen supply under the condition of furrow irrigation of Wuchuan areas Inner Mongolia. It indicated that increasing irrigation or nitrogen all could increase the tuber yield per plant, mainly enlarged the weight of single tuber, less affected the number of potato per plant. In low and medium moisture conditions, the yield ascended with nitrogen increasing, and in high moisture condition, it showed a single-peak curve with nitrogen increasing. Irrigation was in favor of increasing tuber yield. Nitrogen agronomy efficiency and partial productivity gradually reduced with the increase of nitrogen, while physiological utilization efficiency presented the trend of increasing at first, and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen in high or low moisture conditions, and declined in medium moisture conditions. Both nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen physiological utilization declined with the increase of irrigation, but partial productivity increased. When the nitrogen rate was 150-225 kg/hm2 and irrigation rate was 2400 m3/hm2, both the yield and nitrogen utilization of potato were higher, and it was the suitable match for local potato plant.

The effect to control Ceratocystis fimbriata of sweet potato is different for different consistence IWMPA solution (Intermixture With Mancozeb and Phosethyl Al), It has the more good effect for the more high consistence,833ppm; washing the root of sweet potato to soak IWMPA solution for 10 minutes, effect to control Ceratocystis fimbriata of sweet potato is reduced; Prolong the time of soaking in solution can raise defence ill effect, the temperature of solution does not produce influence basically for the effect of medicament; It is very bad for effect to dip in medicament with the sprout of sweet potato, only is 19.8% . It is better to dip medicament with the root of sweet potato

To understand the research hotspots and development trends in the field of sweet potato pests and diseases, and to provide reference for sweet potato pest and disease research, based on the visual analysis software CiteSpace, a total of 1648 sweet potato pest-related literature from 2000-2021 in CNKI Knowledge Network database and WOS core collection database were analyzed. The most published literature on sweet potato pests and diseases was from the United States and China in that order; Xie Yiping's team and Chen Shulong's team were the author teams who published the most articles on domestic diseases and pests, respectively, while Clark C A's team and Haraguchi D's team were the author teams who published the most articles on international diseases and pests, respectively; there was close cooperation between international research institutions and teams, but less cooperation between domestic research institutions and teams; Plant Disease and Journal of Economic Entomology were the international journals with the highest number of articles on diseases and pests, respectively; keyword analysis showed that research in Chinese literature focused on stem nematode disease and sweet potato weevil, while English literature focused on sweet potato virus disease and Bemisia tabaci. For sweet potato virus disease, Bemisia tabaci, sweet potato stem nematode and sweet potato weevil, which seriously restrict the development of sweet potato industry, as well as the newly occurred pests and diseases such as sweet potato stem rot, sweet potato basal rot and sweet potato root knot nematode, research on smart detection and early warning, spreading mechanism, functional gene mining, selection and breeding of resistant varieties and precise target application will gradually become the hot spots.

Potato scab caused by the pathogenic Streptomyces scabies is a soil-borne bacterial disease that exists worldwide, and it is difficult to control. In order to formulate more effective control strategies and develop new types of agents to control potato scab more effectively, the effects of virogen thaxtomins produced by S. scabie and plant hormones (cytokinins, auxins and ethylene) on the pathogenic process of S. scabies were concluded, the main chemical agents, agricultural techniques and microbial source preparations used for controlling potato scab disease were summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of various control methods were analyzed. It was pointed out that to dive deeper into the pathogenic mechanism of potato scab was of great significance to develop new control agents against potato scab, and the development and application of compound microbial inoculants should be an important direction to control potato scab in the future. It is believed that the combination of chemical control, agricultural measures and compound microbial agents can prevent and control the occurrence and damage of potato scab, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of the potato industry.

Under condition of field cultivation, potato ‘Jizhang No.8’ were sprayed with paclobutrazol (PP333) and chlormequat chloride (CCC) in squaring period, flowering period and starch accumulation period to study their effect on yield constituents . The results suggested that: spraying PP333 and CCC could increase the yield and chlorophyll content, and decrease the average strain height of potato in all stages. The strain height was the lowest in squaring period. The production and chlorophyll content of potato increased most in the flowering period and lest in starch accumulation period. The strain height decreased range was 16.1%-43.4%, the SPAD value increased range was 1.8%-36.5%, the yield increased to 1.7%-35.57%. So flowering stage was the best growth period of potato to spray PP333 of 675 g/hm2 and CCC of 400×dilution rate, the yield increased to 35.57% and 28.0% respectively.

Empowered by breakthroughs in hybrid potato breeding technology and the well-established molecular design breeding in rice cultivation, we propose a new eco-circular agricultural model, referred to as "rice-potato-pig (RPP)". This model involves planting rice in spring and summer, growing potatoes in winter, and using potatoes and bran as feed for pigs, while simultaneously utilizing pig manure and urine to fertilize the fields. RPP has the potential to alleviate the pressure of China's feed imports and address issues such as low efficiency, resource wastage, and environmental harm caused by the gap between planting and feeding. In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of the RPP model, which utilizes winter fields for potato cultivation to produce animal protein. We also discuss the operational characteristics and implementation of this model. Based on the design principles of agricultural system engineering, the entire RPP system is divided into four sub-systems, including field planting management, potato storage, pig feeding with potatoes, and manure and urine treatment followed by returning nutrients to the fields. Through stepwise optimization, integration, and modeling of these sub-systems, we explore the practical implementation of the eco-circular agricultural model of RPP according to local conditions and moderate scale in southern China.

马铃薯现阶段已成为世界第三大粮食作物，我国作为马铃薯的生产及消费大国，对于马铃薯及其加工制品的品质有了新的要求。但是我国的马铃薯产业未能达到人民对美好生活的需求，因此导致大量出口鲜食马铃薯，进口马铃薯加工产品，这使我们在贸易上处于不利地位。综述了现阶段我国马铃薯种植区的划分，并且分析了现阶段影响我国马铃薯产业发展的主要因素，并对接下来我国马铃薯发展方向提供了自己的见解。

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different proportions of mixed silage of raw potato chips processing by product with rice straw (hereinafter referred to as “mixed storage”) instead of whole plant corn silage (hereinafter referred to as “silage”) on fattening performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Holstein bulls, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the use of potato processing by-products in cattle production.【Method】Sixty healthy Holstein bulls with similar body weight ((461.33 ± 33.47) kg) were randomly divided into four groups with 15 replicates in each group and one bull per replicate, including T20 group (concentrate + 20% mixed silage + 80% silage), T40 group (concentrate + 40% mixed silage + 60% silage), T60 group (concentrate + 60% mixed silage + 40% silage), and T80 group (concentrate + 80% mixed silage + 20% silage). The ratio of concentrate to roughage and the composition of concentrate were the same in the experimental group. Adaptation and experimental periods lasted for 10 and 150 d, respectively.【Result】(1) there was no significant difference in average daily gain (ADG) of Holstein bulls with different proportions of mixed silage instead of whole plant maize silage (P>0.05). The dry matter intake (DMI) of T20 group was 4.30% higher than that of T40 group (P<0.01), 5.24% higher than that of T60 group (P<0.01), and 6.01% higher than that of T80 group (P<0.01). The feed gain ratio (F/G) of T40 group was the lowest, which was 4.08% (P<0.01), 3.14% (P<0.05), and 5.60% (P<0.01) lower than that of T20, T60, and T80 groups, respectively. (2) Compared with T80 group, the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ether extract (EE) of the first three groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) of T20 group was significantly higher than that of T60 and T80 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between T20 group and T40 group (P>0.05). (3) The rumen pH, propionic acid and butyric acid contents were not affected by increasing the proportion of mixed storage (P>0.05). However, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) of T60 and T80 groups were significantly lower than those of T20 group (P<0.05), and the content of acetic acid was significantly higher than that of T20 group (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid of T80 group was significantly higher than that of T20 and T40 groups (P<0.05). (4) Albumin (ALB) content of T20 group was significantly higher than that of T60 and T80 groups (P<0.05). Urea nitrogen (UN) concentration of T80 group was significantly increased (P<0.01), 29.05%, 20.96% and 11.31% higher than that of T20, T40 and T60 groups, respectively. Glucose (Glu) concentration of T20 group was significantly higher than that of T60 and T80 groups (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between T20 group and T40 group (P>0.05). (5) The economic benefit of T40 group was the highest (17.96 yuan·head^-1·d^-1), followed by T20 (16.91 yuan·head^-1·d^-1), T60 (16.79 yuan·head^-1·d^-1) and T80 (15.91 yuan·head^-1·d^-1).【Conclusion】In conclusion, with the increase of the proportion of mixed silage instead of silage, the digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes would be affected to some extent. When replacing 40% whole plant maize silage, the production performance was the best and the economic benefit was the highest.

【Objective】 Plastic mulching film (PMF) has various effects, including improving soil temperature, moisture retention, and weed inhibition. It is an efficient and simple technical measure to alleviate the limitations of potato production. Based on publication data, this study quantified the effect of PMF on potato yield and water use efficiency (WUE), and further analyzed the influencing factors to provide a reference for sustainable potato production. 【Method】 Based on a meta-analysis of 291 field experiments on PMF of potato production in China from 1981 to 2021, published in Web of Science and CNKI databases, including four regions, Northern single farming area (NSFA), Southwest mixed farming area (SWMFA), South winter farming area (SWFA), and Central plains second farming area (CPSFA). Meta-analysis was used to quantify the effects of PMF on potato yield and WUE. The study examined the effects of PFM on potato yield and WUE from various perspective, including the regions, natural conditions (average annual precipitation, soil bulk density, and soil organic matter content), and different management conditions (potassium fertilizer application rate, planting density, mulching color, and mulching method). 【Result】 Compared with no mulching, PMF increased potato yield and WUE by 24.9% and 28.3% respectively. The effects of PMF on yield and WUE varied among different regions: NSFA (27.2%), SWFA (23.6%), SWMFA (18.1%) and CPSFA (10.1%). However, WUE was only significantly improved in the NSFA (29.1%). The response of yield and WUE to PMF varied among different regions and was influenced by natural conditions and management conditions. The response of yield to PMF varied among different regions under different natural condition. Planting density and mulching method had consistent effect in all regions, with the best yield increase achieved with low planting density and ridge. In the NSFA, PMF significantly improved WUE under low average annual precipitation, relatively low soil organic matter content, low soil bulk density and fertilizer application rate, medium planting density, black mulching color, and ridge. 【Conclusion】 PMF had been widely used in China and the results showed it increased potato yield. The yield increase varied among different regions and was in the following order: NSFA, SWFA, SWMFA, and CPSFA. PMF only improved WUE in the NSFA. PMF performed better on yield increase under natural condition of low average annual precipitation, poor soil fertility, and loose soil, as well as under management conditions of relatively low fertilization level, relatively low planting density, black mulching, and ridge. In the NSFA, the conditions required for achieving optimal yield increase and WUE increase using PFM were comparable.

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to analyze the genetic mechanisms of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and to explore the loci and candidate genes associated nitrogen (N) efficient traits, to provide support for the N-efficient molecular breeding and genetic improvement of sweetpotato.【Method】A total of 129 sweetpotato cultivars from all over the world were treated with N deficiency (0 mmol·L^-1) and normal N (14 mmol·L^-1). A hydroponic experiment was conducted to facilitate the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of six phenotypic traits (shoot biomass increment, root biomass increment, shoot N accumulation, root N accumulation, shoot N physiological utilization efficiency, and root N physiological utilization efficiency) of sweetpotato at the seedling stage. The N-efficient candidate genes were identified based on the GWAS and subsequently- verified using RT-qPCR.【Result】There were wide variations among the six traits related to NUE in sweetpotato under the normal N and N deficiency treatment conditions. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the shoot biomass increment under the N deficiency treatment condition was the greatest at 69.5%. The CV of the root N physiological utilization efficiency under N deficiency treatment condition was the smallest at 12.1%. All five traits were significantly correlated except for root N physiological utilization efficiency. The MLM model was used to conduct a GWAS of the six phenotypic trait values. A total of 134 QTL and 888 SNP loci were identified as being significantly associated with four out of the six traits, namely, shoot biomass increment, root biomass increment, root N accumulation, and shoot N physiological utilization efficiency. A total of 93 SNP markers across ten regions were significantly associated with shoot N physiological utilization efficiency with a high reliability. Six N efficiency candidate genes were obtained via gene annotation. RT-qPCR verified that the three candidate genes (itf01g08120.t1, itf01g22030.t1 and itf01g221000.t2) encoded glutamate dehydrogenase, NPH3 protein and TIP41-like protein, respectively, which warrants further research.【Conclusion】A total of 888 SNP loci associated with N utilization traits were detected in 129 sweetpotato cultivars. Among these, 93 SNP loci were significantly associated with shoot N physiological utilization efficiency, and six candidate genes were identified. Preliminary verification indicated that the itf01g08120.t1, itf01G2203.t1 and itf01g22100.t2 genes hold promising value for further research.

To develop liquichip method for detecting Potato virus A (PVA), the nucleotide sequence of PVA was analyzed by using the software Primer Premier 5.0, and specific probe labeled with biotin was prepared and coupled with fluorescence-coded microspheres, which was used for hybridization reaction to RT-PCR products of PVA. Liquichip detection method for PVA was established by using Bio-Rad Liquichip to detect fluorescence signal in the reaction system. The specificity of this method was evaluated by applying the proposed method to detect four viruses infecting potato,TBRV, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), Potato virus A (PVA) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The results demonstrated better specificity to PVA and no reaction with other three viruses. The sensitivity of the method was 1 pg/μL of total RNA, which was equal to the conventional RT-PCR gel electrophoresis method.The successful detection of PVA in potato samples suggested the feasibility of this procedure for routine testing

【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify StCYP83 gene family in potato and analyze their expression patterns in response to Phytophthora infestans infection, so as to mine the StCYP83 genes with potential function in resistance to late blight and provide novel resistance gene resources for molecular resistance breeding in potato.【Method】The members of StCYP83 gene family were identified by bidirectional BLAST method. The basic information of StCYP83 protein sequence, subcellular localization and conserved motifs were analyzed by ExPASy Prot Param, Cell-Ploc 2.0 and ESPript, etc. The qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of StCYP83 genes in response to P. infestans infection. The immune function of candidate gene StCYP83B1 against P. infestans was analyzed in either Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana or stably transformed potato lines with overexpression (OE) of StCYP83B1.【Result】A total of 10 StCYP83 genes were identified in the potato genome, which were named StCYP83B1-StCYP83B10, respectively, with the encoded protein lengths ranging from 387 to 503 aa and molecular weights ranging from 44 to 57 kDa. The subcellular localization of StCYP83 proteins was predicted in the endoplasmic reticulum. The qRT-PCR confirmed that members of StCYP83 could be induced in response to P. infestans infection, suggesting that StCYP83 genes might play a role in the interaction between potato and P. infestans. Accordingly, StCYP83B1 with the highest homology to AtCYP83B1 was selected as a candidate gene for subsequent immune functional analysis. The pathogenicity assay on N. benthamiana leaves showed that overexpression of StCYP83B1 could enhance plant resistance against P. infestans. In accordance with this, overexpression of StCYP83B1 could significantly promote the up-regulation expression of PTI marker genes (NbWRKY7 and NbWRKY8), SA signaling marker genes (NbPR1 and NbPR2), JA signaling marker genes (NbPR3 and NbLOX) and enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst induced by flg22. In addition, cysteine site in the conserved motif of StCYP83B1 protein was required for its immune function. StCYP83B1 overexpression (StCYP83B1-OE) lines showed enhanced resistance to P. infestans. In accordance with this, StCYP83B1-OE could enhance PTI immune responses, including the increased level of ROS induced by flg22 and the significantly up-regulated expression of PTI marker genes (StWRKY7, StWRKY8 and StACRE31) as well as SA-mediated signaling marker genes (StPR1, StPR2, StPR5 and StPAL2) and JA-mediated signaling marker genes (StLOX, StAOS and StOPR3) in response to P. infestans infection.【Conclusion】A total of 10 members of StCYP83 family were identified, which could be induced by P. infestans infection in different degrees. StCYP83B1 regulates plant resistance to P. infestans by activating PTI, SA and JA signaling pathways. The cysteine site in the heme binding domain of StCYP83B1 is required for its immune function.

This paper summarized the research progress of high light efficiency and weak light tolerance sweet potato at home and abroad, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding of high light efficiency and weak light tolerance sweet potato varieties. This paper elaborated from four aspects: (1) characteristics of germplasm with high light efficiency and weak light tolerance; (2) the effects of low light on agronomic characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, stress enzyme activity and osmotic regulators, root yield and quality of sweet potato; (3) research progress of germplasm screening of high light efficiency sweet potato and evaluation methods of shade tolerance of sweet potato varieties; (4) research progress of sweet potato breeding with high light efficiency and weak light tolerance. It also looked forward to the future research directions, and suggested that scientific and technological workers should focus on the breeding of sweet potato varieties with high light efficiency and weak light tolerance, formulate breeding objectives and improve breeding methods, so as to meet the needs of mechanization and high yield of modern sweet potato industry.

The advance of study on genetic engineering for sweetpotato improving was reviewed, including plantlets regeneration in vitro, methods of transformation for foreign genes, improving the qualities of protein and starch, increasing the contents of protein and starch of the tuberous roots and enhancing of resistance to diseases and virus. The existing problems and the potential of genetic engineering was also presented.

In order to improve the quality of virus-free potato seedlings and optimize potato seedlings production, the application of sugar free culture in rapid propagation of virus-free potato seedlings was studied. The virus-free plantlets of potato early maturing variety ‘Atlantic’ were used as materials. The results showed that after 25 days of sugar free culture, the plant height, internode number, and rootless fresh quality of potato seedlings double stage inoculation were significantly greater than those inoculated in single segment, double stage inoculation was more suitable for rapid propagation of virus-free potato seedlings. The segments of potato virus-free seedlings grew best in a sugar free culture box supported by plastic particles, but the price was relatively expensive. Therefore, it was recommended to use vermiculite as the support for comprehensive consideration. The plant height of potato plantlets injected with CO₂ 3 days after inoculation was 10.29 cm, significantly higher than that of other treatments. Under the conditions of light intensity of 8000-8500 lx and CO₂ concentration of 1×10⁶ mg/m³ sugar-free culture, potato virus-free seedlings had the best growth potential, with a plant height of 10.28 cm, stem diameter of 1.55 cm, and fresh weight of 0.90 g, significantly higher than other treatments.

【Objective】 Jasmonic acid (JA) is one of key regulatory hormones during potato tuber development. Study on JA regulating tuber development mechanism would provide an important theoretical basis for tuber yield and quality formation.【Method】 In this study, potato stolons cultured in vitro were exogenously applied with JA (0, 0.5, 5, 50 μmol·L^-1) to analyze the phenotype, tissue microstructure, carbohydrate accumulation and proteome change of tubers.【Result】 With the increase of JA concentration, the tuber number formed per stolon, tuber diameter, fresh and dry weight, cell area of perimedullary zone, starch and soluble sugar content were gradually increased at 0.5 and 5 μmol·L^-1 JA (P<0.05), whereas the tuber diameter, fresh and dry weight, starch content were significantly decreased at 50 μmol·L^-1 JA (P<0.05). Lipoxygenase activity was gradually decreased with JA concentration increasing (P<0.05). Thirty-five differentially abundant proteins (P<0.05 and fold change≥2.5) closely related to tuber development regulating by JA were identified by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. They were mainly involved in bioenergy and metabolism (28.6%), cell defense and rescue (28.6%), protein biogenesis and storage (11.4%), signaling (8.6%), transcription (8.6%), unknown (8.6%) and miscellaneous (5.6%). The differential expression patterns of these proteins were clustered into three categories by hierarchical clustering analysis. Cluster 1 included 17 proteins that down-regulated at 0.5 μmol·L^-1 JA and up-regulated at 5 μmol·L^-1 JA, which mainly involved in bioenergy and metabolism, protein biogenesis and storage, signaling and transcription. Cluster 2 included 10 proteins that gradually up-regulated with JA concentration increasing, which were mainly involved in cell defense and rescue, bioenergy and metabolism, transcription. Cluster 3 included 8 proteins that down-regulated after JA treatments, which were mainly involved in bioenergy and metabolism, cell defense and rescue, protein biogenesis and storage. 【Conclusion】 Low JA concentration (0.5, 5 μmol·L^-1) might promote tuber morphogenesis by inducing cell enlargement in tuber perimedullary zone, intracellular sucrose and polysaccharide accumulation, and cell defense ability, whereas high JA concentration (50 μmol·L^-1) showed inhibitory effects.

淀粉是马铃薯块茎干物质的主要成分，广泛应用在食品、制药、化工等行业领域。随着中国马铃薯主食战略的推进，马铃薯的产量和品质越来越受到重视，如何提高马铃薯淀粉的产量和品质也引起越来越多的关注。概述了马铃薯淀粉的特点、合成与降解途径、主要应用及外部条件和内部因素对淀粉含量的影响，以期为今后筛选马铃薯高淀粉种质资源及高淀粉育种提供方向和理论依据。

The content change of dry matter, starch and reducing sugar and their mutual relationship of 5 breeds of potatoes in the storage period was analyzed and researched in this experiment. Result indicated that the content of dry matter showed extremely significant difference between the tubers of different breeds of potatoes in the storage period (P<0.01); the content of dry matter in the tubers of the same breed of potato showed no significant difference between different storage period; the content of starch and reducing sugar showed extremely significant difference between the tubers of different breeds of potatoes and between different the storage period (P<0.01). There was significant positive correlation between the content of dry matter and the content of starch in the tubers in the storage period (r=0.902).

Potato starch has better characteristic and unique use. It’s granular diameter is big and range is wide. Paste melting temperature is low and swelling power is easy for potato starch.Its keeping water power was strong, when starch granular paste was melting. Good maximum viscosity and transparency has an unique effect on processing flour, aquatic livestock, small cake, granular power, denatured starch. Starch molecule of potato has phosphoric acid-group, phosphorus content has big effect on character of potato starch, and phosphorus different content of potato starch has difference in its usage. Genetic improvement is effective means for gaining processed materials of phosphorus different content; culture technique and other management measure could regulate phosphorus content of processed materials variety. Big starch granular could perform character of potato starch perfectly, when different granular diameter was graded.

Crops have diverse structures and complex growth environments. RGB image data can reflect the texture and color features of plants accurately, while 3D data contains information about crop volume. The combination of RGB image and 3D point cloud data can achieve the extraction of two-dimensional and three-dimensional phenotypic parameters of crops, which is of great significance for the research of phenomics methods. In this study, potatoe plants were chosen as the research subject, and RGB cameras and laser scanners were used to collect 50 potato RGB images and 3D laser point cloud data. The segmentation accuracy of four deep learning semantic segmentation methods, OCRNet, UpNet, PaNet, and DeepLab v3+, were compared and analyzed for the RGB images. OCRNet, which demonstrated higher accuracy, was used to perform semantic segmentation on top-view RGB images of potatoes. Mean shift clustering algorithm was optimized for laser point cloud data processing, and single-plant segmentation of laser point cloud data was completed. Stem and leaf segmentation of single-plant potato point cloud data were accurately performed using Euclidean clustering and K-Means clustering algorithms. In addition, a strategy was proposed to establish a one-to-one correspondence between RGB images and point clouds of single-plant potatoes using pot numbering. 8 2D phenotypic parameters and 10 3D phenotypic parameters, including maximum width, perimeter, area, plant height, volume, leaf length, and leaf width, etc., were extracted from RGB images and laser point clouds, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of three representative and easily measurable phenotypic parameters, leaf number, plant height, and maximum width were evaluated. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were 8.6%, 8.3% and 6.0%, respectively, while the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 1.371 pieces, 3.2 cm and 1.86 cm, respectively, and the determination coefficients (R²) were 0.93, 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. The research results indicated that the extracted phenotype parameters can accurately and efficiently reflect the growth status of potatoes. Combining the RGB image data of potatoes with three-dimensional laser point cloud data can fully exploit the advantages of the rich texture and color characteristics of RGB images and the volumetric information provided by three-dimensional point clouds, achieving non-destructive, efficient, and high-precision extraction of two-dimensional and three-dimensional phenotype parameters of potato plants. The achievements of this study could not only provide important technical support for the cultivation and breeding of potatoes but also provide strong support for phenotype-based research.

In order to explore the differences of appearance and quality traits between fresh-eating and starch sweet potato varieties under different storage conditions, the fresh-eating sweet potato variety ‘Taishu 14’ and starch sweet potato variety ‘Taishu 15’ were used as materials to test the changes of appearance and quality traits in different storage periods under the conditions of cold storage ((12±0.5)℃, (85%±5%) RH) and room temperature storage ((18±1)℃, (30%±5%) RH). The results showed that the root flesh color of ‘Taishu 14’ was significantly darker than that of ‘Taishu 15’ after 90 days’ storage at room temperature storage, while the root skin color and root flesh color of the two varieties changed little under cold storage. After being stored for 30 days at room temperature, the weight loss rate and dry rate of sweet potato roots increased rapidly and significantly, and the weight loss rate of ‘Taishu 15’ was less than that of ‘Taishu 14’, while the changes of weight loss rate and dry rate under cold storage were relatively smaller than those under room temperature storage. After being stored for 60 days at room temperature, the rot rate was significantly accelerated, and the rot rate of ‘Taishu 14’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Taishu 15’, while the rot rate under cold storage was significantly lower than that under room temperature storage. The soluble sugar content reached the peak at 60 days’ storage, which was higher under cold storage than that under room temperature storage. The starch content increased slightly under room temperature storage, while it remained relatively stable under cold storage. In conclusion, the root tuber quality decreased significantly after 60 days’ storage under room temperature, and the quality of fresh-eating sweet potato decreased more significantly than that of starch type sweet potato. Cold storage is conducive to the high-quality and safe storage of sweet potato roots.

To improve the yield and quality of potato and lay a theoretical foundation for the implementation of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the potato rhizosphere soil in Yuyang Agricultural Demonstration Park of Yulin City was taken as the object, by adding Bacillus subtilis, enzyme bacteria and biochar under the treatment of conventional fertilizer and conventional fertilizer (80%, 90%). The effects on soil microorganisms in potato rhizosphere were determined. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to measure the microbial richness of potato rhizosphere soil under different treatments. The results showed that the high-quality sequences were concentrated in sequence length 400-420 bp and 420-440 bp, and the number of high-quality sequences was 284937 and 183088, respectively. JS80 treatment resulted in the highest microbial species richness in potato rhizosphere soil, while KS80 and J80 treatments were second only to JS80. The Shannon index of potato rhizosphere soil under JS80 and KS80 was increased by 4.5% and 3.6% compared with CK. Based on the common or unique OTU analysis among different treatments, the results showed that the abundance of soil microorganisms in the potato rhizosphere soil was JS80 > KS80 > KS90 > CK > JS90, that is, JS80 and KS80 were better than other treatments. The potato rhizosphere soil microorganism Chloroflexi increased by 7.0% with KS80 treatment. The study showed that the quantity and richness of soil microbial community in potato rhizosphere soil with biochar application were better than those without biochar application. Under the same bacterial fertilizer treatment, the 80% treatment of base fertilizer was better than the 90% treatment, that is, the richness of soil microbial community in rhizosphere soil after JS80 and KS80 treatments was better than other treatments. JS80 and KS80 can be used as base fertilizer in the field experiment.

The biological characteristics of the pathogen of sweetpotato scab (Elsinoe batatas) were studied and the methods of producing a large number of conidia in a short time by E. batatas on artificial medium were screened to provide the basis for resistance breeding of sweetpotato scab. Taking the E. batatas isolate CRI-CJ2 as research object, the mycelial growth rate method was utilized to measure the colonial diameter under different medium, pH values and illumination conditions. The concave slide pendent drop method was used to study the conidial germination rate under different temperature, pH values and illumination conditions, and the effects of the Fries liquid culture method, shaking method and mycelium coating method for inducing conidia production of E. batatas were compared. The results showed that the optimal medium for mycelial growth was PDA, the optimum pH value was 6-7, and the lethal temperature was 48℃ for 10 min. No significant differences were found in the mycelial growth between different illuminations, but the colour of colony turned bright red under continuous illumination condition. The optimum pH value for conidial germination was 5, the best temperature was 25℃, and the conidia could not germinate above 48℃ for 10 min. Illumination showed little effect on conidial germination. The conidial quantity of E. batatas was 7.09×10⁷ conidia/mL after 12 days of incubation by the mycelium coating method and the conidial germination rate was 24% after incubation for 24 hours, and the quantity and viability were higher than that by the shaking method. No conidia or sporogenous structure were observed by the Fries liquid culture method. Therefore, selecting appropriate medium and pH value could promote mycelial growth, and the mycelium coating method had the advantages of rapid sporulation and high conidial quantity and was a suitable method for E. batatas conidia induction.

In order to comprehensively evaluate the genotype and the interaction of genotype and environment of sweet potato in regional test, the GGE biplot was used to analyze the fresh yield of group 2 of high-quality starch strains in regional test of sweet potato in Fujian from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that: ‘Quanshu 26’ had the best yield performance and had strong adaptability in Zhangpu, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Putian, Sanming, and Nanping in 2020. ‘Longshu 39’ had high and stable yield, which was the ideal variety of the regional test. In 2021, ‘Jinshu 43’ had the best yield and stability, making it an ideal variety of the regional test. ‘Hongjinshu 2’ had high yield and strong regional adaptability in Ningde, Longyan, Sanming, and Fuzhou. In addition, the Sanming pilot had high discrimination and representativeness in the two-year regional test, and it was an ideal pilot environments. The GGE biplot can intuitively evaluate the yield characteristics of the test strains and the representativeness of the pilots, providing a simple and effective analytical method for objectively evaluating the high and stable yield of sweet potato strains.

To innovate the adjusting model of potato planting structure, improve planting benefits, and speed up the popularization and application of the potato variety ‘Xisen 6’ in China, variety demonstration tests were conducted in Tianshui and Dingxi of Gansu, and Wufeng, Xingshan, Badong Chazidian, Jianshi Longping, Lichuan, Tianchishan, Zhushan of Hubei, by taking local main varieties as control, to observe and verify the stability and adaptability of the comprehensive traits of ‘Xisen 6’. Compared with main local varieties, the tests showed that, except Dingxi, Xingshan and Zhushan had small yield increase (3.13%, 7.71%, and 6.91%, respectively), the remaining 6 test sites had significantly higher yield increase than the control, the yield increase in Tianchishan was 36.01%, in Badong was 48.37%, in Jianshi Longping was 34.39%, in Wufeng was 51.60%, in Lichuan was 28.66%, and in Tianshui was 28.63%. It is indicated that ‘Xisen 6’ has strong adaptability, can grow and mature normally in all test sites, and its yield is higher than that of main local varieties.

To quantitatively analyze the effect of integrated management of irrigation and fertilizers and biodegradable plastic mulch film on accumulation, distribution and transport of dry matter in potato, field experiments were carried out in 2015. The‘Helan 15’(early maturing) potato variety was adopted as experimental material in the study. The effect of integrated management of irrigation and fertilizer and biodegradable plastic mulch film on accumulation, distribution, transport, root-shoot ratio of dry matter, and the contribute rate of different organs to tubers in potato were confirmed. The results showed that: biodegradable plastic mulch film had a promotion effect on dry matter accumulation after starch accumulation stage in potato; integrated management of irrigation and fertilizer could increase the root-shoot ratio in seedling stage of potato, and promote the breeding of healthy seedling; the assimilation quantity from nutritional organs to tubers under the treatments of integrated management of irrigation and fertilizer and biodegradable plastic mulch film were higher than that under the treatments of the conventional water and fertilizer management and plain film, and the assimilation quantity from nutritional organs to tubers in the treatment of WF1 PF1 was the maximum. It indicated that integrated management of irrigation and fertilizer and biodegradable plastic mulch film play a role in promoting the yield of potato tubers.

It was studied the leaf and petiole tissue culture induction and plant regeneration with the sweet potato variety ‘Wanshu No. 7’. The result indicated the sweet potato variety of leave and petiole could be easy to induce callus in 7 induction mediums, the induction rate of 100%. The leaf and petiole induced green callus in the medium of MS +2.0 mg/L KT +0.5 mg/L IAA, and then subculture 15 days in the medium of MS +4.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.01 mg/L NAA , they were induced emergence seeding.

The effects of ridge cultivation pattern on potato growth, photosynthesis and yield were explored to provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of ridge cultivation without film mulching in dry land of shallow mountainous area in Qinghai Province. In the 2-year positioning experiment, the treatment of ridge cultivation without plastic film mulching was set up, and the control treatment was the ridge cultivation with plastic film mulching. The growth, photosynthesis and yield of potato under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference of plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield and commodity rate between the treatments. In the dryland of the shallow mountainous area in Qinghai Province, the ridge cultivation without film mulching can be popularized and applied in potato production, but it still needs multi-point verification to control the risks.

【Objective】The classification analysis of potato tuber skin roughness could provide the non-destructive testing methods for tuber appearance quality traits, which would establish the theoretical and practical base for the objective evaluation of tuber quality and high-throughput screening varieties.【Method】Seventy-nine potato varieties (lines) were selected as materials, and the images of tuber skin with and without bud-eyes were taken by camera. The tuber skin images were preprocessed using MATLAB R2016a software. Eight materials were randomly selected to compare the effect of image graying, enhancement and denoising using the correlation function indicators. The image characteristic parameters, angular second moment (ASM), entropy (ENT), contrast (CON) and correlation (COR) were extracted using the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and the suitable distance (d) of GLCM were determined. The differences in two types of tuber skin image feature parameters were compared, and the set of tuber skin image features with less difference was selected for statistical analysis and classification recognition. The support vector machine (SVM) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) models were constructed for tuber skin roughness classification, and the evaluation indexes of model grading accuracy were accuracy, precision, recall and harmonic mean, respectively. 【Result】The texture structure of tuber skin image after grayscale processing using the weighted average method was clear, and the evaluation value of image clarity was 2.5698±0.5959, which was significantly higher than that of the mean method (1.8035±0.4856) and the maximum method (1.0535±0.4088). The gray scale range of tuber skin image after histogram equalization enhancement was expanded from 100-200 to 0-200, which made the gray distribution wider. The salt noise denoising effect of tuber skin images using the median filter under 3×3 sliding windows was obvious, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) was maximum (28.6250±3.9784 Bp), which was significantly higher than that under 3×3 and 5×5 windows. Two types of tuber skin image feature parameters extracted by GLCM (d=4) were significantly different, and the set of tuber skin image features (without bud-eyes) with less difference was selected for statistical analysis and classification recognition. The results indicated that the variation coefficient of these parameters was varied significantly. The variation coefficient of contrast was the largest (0.40), followed by the angular second moment (0.24) and correlation (0.23), and the variation coefficient of entropy was the smallest (0.18). Using the feature set as the input variable of tuber skin classification model, the overall classification performance of SVM was higher than BP neural network, and the accuracy reached 87.5%. Especially, the prediction accuracy and recognizability of SVM for smooth and heavy hemp skins was the highest. The accuracy reached 100%, the recall reached 85.7% and 100%, and the harmonic mean reached 100% and 92.3%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The combination of the image processing techniques presented in this study and the GLCM extracted texture feature parameters could effectively characterize potato tuber skin roughness variations. The tuber skin roughness grading based on machine vision could be achieved by constructing SVM classification model, and the accuracy reached 87.5%.

中国马铃薯生产区很大一部分在降雨不均或水资源不足地区,为满足此类地区品种需求,对马铃薯开展抗旱性评价。选择20个马铃薯常规栽培品种,在块茎膨大期对其植株叶片进行生理生化指标的测定,成熟期测产,综合评价抗旱性。结果表明,干旱胁迫对马铃薯块茎产量的影响极显著,胁迫后19个品种减产均达50%以上。测定的5个生理生化指标均与抗旱系数和指数之间存在不同程度的相关性,可以作为马铃薯品种抗旱性评价的指标。根据5个指标干旱胁迫后的测定数据计算隶属函数值,结合抗旱系数和抗旱指数评价品种抗性,筛选出克新19号、克新21号、成功、克新2号和东农303为抗旱性较强的品种。

In order to study the effect of different application rates (60kg/hm², 75kg/hm², 90kg/hm²) of thiamethylamine, Metarhizium anisoplariae, phoxium phoxium, Beauveria bassiana and other agents on the control of underground pests of sweet potato, the sweet potato ‘Yanshu 25’ was used as the test material and suitable insecticides and application dosage of underground sweet potato pests were screened in Zhengzhou and Hebi of Henan Province. The results showed that the control effects of the four agents were similar in Zhengzhou and Hebi. The suitable chemical agent was 0.5% thianidin 90 kg/hm², the highest control effect and commercial rate were 86.67% and 92.63%, and the yield of fresh potato increased by 14.95% compared with the control. The application amount of Metarhizium anisopliae 200 million/g was 75 kg/hm², and the control effect was good, the highest control effect and commercial rate were 77.85% and 91.45%, and the yield of fresh potato increased by 9.52% compared with control. The control effect of Beauveria bassiana 15 billion/g and 75 kg/hm² was better, the highest control effect and commercial rate were 78.03% and 91.76%, and the highest yield increase of fresh potato was 10.86% compared with control. The chemical clothianidin and the biological agents Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have good control effect on the underground pest of ‘Yanshu 25’, which are suitable for demonstration and popularization in sweet potato planting.

In order to clarify the types of pathogens causing potato common scab in the micro potato continuous cultivation substrate, organic acids with good inhibitory activity were screened to control this disease. In this study, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and purified from diseased potato, and their pathogenicity was detected by potato chip method, radish chip method and greenhouse pot inoculation method. The species were determined by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics determination and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The biological characteristics such as salt tolerance were studied, the effects of organic acids such as formic acid on the growth of Streptomyces spp. were determined using paper plate method. Streptomyces strain 19311 was pathogenic, and its pathogenic island virulence related genotype was txtAB⁺/tomA⁺/necI⁺. Strain 19311 was identified as Streptomyces acidiscabies based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid could significantly inhibit the growth of S. acidiscabies, and formic acid had the best antibacterial effect with the antibacterial zone diameter of 45.43 mm and the lowest effective concentration of 1%, which could inhibit the growth of S. acidiscabies by increasing the permeability of cell membrane. In this study, the species and biological characteristics of Streptomyces strain 19311 in the micro potato cultivation substrate were identified. The use of 1% formic acid to control the occurrence of this disease and evaluate its impact on the original seed production can be carried out in the future.