Based on the current breeding status of potatoes, the aspects that need further improvement, and corresponding development strategies and suggestions were summarized and analyzed. At present, potato breeding was mainly based on its asexual reproduction characteristics, which had the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, and ensuring the purity of potato seeds. Meanwhile, it was necessary to do a good job in potato seed potato detoxification, pest control, and field management. In the breeding process, it was necessary to further improve the collection of potato variety resources, the production capacity of seed potatoes, the production technology of seed potatoes, the quality of virus-free seed potatoes, and the processing capacity of potato products. Development strategies for potato breeding work were proposed, including establishing a good breeding environment, scientifically introducing potato varieties, innovating potato breeding methods, and innovating production equipment and technology, to provide references for promoting the standardized and rational development of the potato industry.

This research aimed to isolate and identify potato common scab pathogens in soil, and clarify the pathogenic genes and pathogenicity. It is of great significance to carry out breeding and comprehensive prevention and control of scab disease. The collected diseased tubers were identified by tissue separation and coating dilution, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by 16S rDNA measurement. The pathogenic genes were identified by PCR, and the pathogenicity was tested by radish seedling method, small potato chip method and pot inoculation. Four species of pathogenic Streptomyces were isolated and identified as Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces rubrogriseus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus. All strains were inoculated with ‘Xisen 3’ for pathogenicity test. The test results showed that four Streptomyces could cause tuber disease, and the pathogenic gene combination was txtAB+/tomA+/nec1+; in this study, a total of 4 pathogenic Streptomyces species were identified. Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces rubrogriseus and Streptomyces kanamyceticus were new pathogens of potato common scab.

Sweetpotato is an important food, fodder and industrial raw material crop in the world. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, transcriptome sequencing technology has been widely used in sweetpotato studies. To better carry out research on functional gene mining and important trait regulation mechanisms analyzing in sweetpotato using transcriptomics techniques in the future, this study analyzed the profile of sweetpotato transcriptome data shared by research institutions in various countries, and summarized the applications and achievements of transcriptome sequencing technology in researches on sweetpotato over recent years, from the aspects of response to adversity stress, tuberous root development and starch synthesis. It was pointed out that there were still deficiencies in experimental design, data mining, and practicality of research results in current sweetpotato transcriptome studies. It was proposed that in further studies, transcriptomics technologies should be integrated with other omics technologies and genetic analysis methods to promote the continuous deepening of sweetpotato research.

The nutritional value, processing technology and product development of potato residue were summarized and analyzed, the relationship between the development and utilization of potato residue and environmental protection was expounded, and the development prospect of potato residue and the aspects to be improved were discussed, so as to provide references for realizing efficient utilization of potato residue resources, green sustainable development and environmental protection. Potato residue is rich in nutrients such as fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable resource for various industries. By utilizing advanced processing technologies, potato residue can be converted into high-value products such as feed, biofuels, and biodegradable plastics. These products not only reduce waste and relieve environmental pollution but also contribute to the development of a circular economy. However, there are still challenges to overcome in the efficient utilization of potato residue.,including technical limitations, market constraints, and security. By adopting innovative technologies and strategies, potato residue can be transformed a waste product into a valuable resource, achieving the utilization of agricultural waste resources and environmental protection.

The paper aimed to explore the change characteristics of optimum sowing date and cultivar heat resistance of potato with climate change in North Shanxi based on DSSAT crop, and the yield increase effect of the optimum sowing date or optimum variety was quantitatively analyzed. The simulation experiment was designed with 40 management inputs of sowing date and 7 temperature sensitivity coefficients (TC) under baseline year and future climate change scenarios in Yunzhou of Datong City. The results showed that, in the future, the rising temperature and increase of CO₂ concentration would advance the optimum sowing date of potato, and the change of optimum sowing date was mainly due to the rising temperature. Among them, the optimal sowing date would advance 4 days and 5 days at 450 μmol/mol CO₂ with 1.5℃ warming and 550 μmol/mol CO₂ with 2.0℃ warming, respectively. Adopting the management of optimum sowing date could mitigate climatic negative effects and was in varying degrees of yield increasing effect under each climate change scenario. Among them, the potato yield would increase 10.2% and 20.7% respectively under 450 μmol/mol CO₂ with 1.5℃ warming and 550 μmol/mol CO₂ with 2.0℃ warming. Production at this time would increase the yield by 12.3% and 20.8%, respectively, over the base year. If changing the varieties with high temperature sensitivity, the heat resistance and yield could increase appropriately, but the increase was limited. Therefore, in the future, early sowing date or cultivation of new varieties with high temperature sensitivity can be adopted in northern Shanxi to reduce the adverse impact of future climate change and ensure stable and high yield of potato.

In order to screen and identify biocontrol fungi capable of phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen fixation in sweet potato stem nematodes, soil samples from the rhizosphere of sweet potato stem nematodes in their habitat was collected. Six bacterial strains, including HC-6 and GS3-X4, were isolated using LB solid medium. Through initial screening, rescreening, and performance testing, a strain with good contact killing effect against nematode disease, strong colonization ability, and excellent phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen fixation abilities was selected from six strains, which was GS4-S2. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as BacillusVelezensis, and named HM-6. This strain could be used as a material for the development of microbial fertilizers for the prevention and control of sweet potato stem nematode disease, which was of great significance for the prevention and control of nematode diseases and the utilization of microbial fertilizers.

Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCNs) are a significant threat to potato production, having caused substantial damage in many countries. Predicting the future distribution of PCN species is crucial to implementing effective biosecurity strategies, especially given the impact of climate change on pest species invasion and distribution. Machine-Learning (ML), specifically ensemble models, has emerged as a powerful tool in predicting species distributions due to its ability to learn and make predictions based on complex data sets. Thus, this research utilised advanced machine learning techniques to predict the distribution of PCN species under climate change conditions, providing the initial element for invasion risk assessment. We first used Global Climate Models to generate homogeneous climate predictors to mitigate the variation among predictors. Then, five machine learning models were employed to build two groups of ensembles, single-algorithm ensembles (ESA) and multi-algorithm ensembles (EMA), and compared their performances. In this research, the EMA did not always perform better than the ESA, and the ESA of Artificial Neural Network gave the highest performance while being cost-effective. Prediction results indicated that the distribution range of PCNs would shift northward with a decrease in tropical zones and an increase in northern latitudes. However, the total area of suitable regions will not change significantly, occupying 16-20% of the total land surface (18% under current conditions). This research alerts policymakers and practitioners to the risk of PCNs’ incursion into new regions. Additionally, this ML process offers the capability to track changes in the distribution of various species and provides scientifically grounded evidence for formulating long-term biosecurity plans for their control. 

Potassium is one of the essential mineral nutrients for potato growth and development, and is crucial for potato growth and tuber formation. The low efficiency of potassium absorption and utilization is one of the important limiting factors in potato production in China, and screening the potato genotypes with high potassium efficiency is the best way to enhance the potassium utilization and deal with low potassium stress in potato. In this paper, the methods and indexes for screening of high potassium efficiency varieties of various crops in China and abroad were summarized from four aspects: the definition and assessment of potassium efficiency, the identification and evaluation of crop genotypes with high potassium efficiency, the physiological basis of high potassium absorption and the physiological basis of high potassium utilization. Combining with the characteristics of potato potassium requirement, the feasible methods and influencing factors for screening potato genotypes with high potassium efficiency were put forward, and the future research direction for improving potato potassium efficiency was prospected so as to provide a reference for the high yield and high potassium utilization of potato.

针对黏重黑土地区马铃薯挖掘铲挖掘阻力大、能耗高等问题，以白茅根膜质叶鞘为仿生原型，设计了一种基于仿生波纹结构的马铃薯减阻挖掘铲。基于离散元（DEM）法仿真和土槽试验，确定减阻性能最优的设计参数；通过田间试验以油耗和阻力为指标验证仿生挖掘铲的减阻效果和挖掘性能。离散元仿真得到仿生挖掘铲最佳布置方式为纵向布置；在相同纵向布置方式下，通过土槽试验得到仿生挖掘铲的波纹参数在幅值为2.5 mm、频率为0.5时表现出较为优异的减阻性能。根据最佳参数研制仿生纵波纹铲，进行普通平铲和仿生纵波纹铲的作业对比试验，结果表明仿生纵波纹铲阻力减少了14.45%，单位油耗减少了17.15%。研究表明仿生纵波纹铲具有较好的减阻特性，仿生结构设计合理，能实现黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获挖掘作业，可为整机节能减耗的研究奠定基础。

芽眼精准检测是实现马铃薯种薯智能化切块的前提，但由于种薯芽眼区域所占面积小、可提取特征少以及种薯表面背景复杂等问题极易导致芽眼检测精度不高。为实现种薯芽眼精准检测，该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv7的马铃薯种薯芽眼检测模型。首先在Backbone部分增加Contextual Transformer自注意力机制，通过赋予芽眼区域与背景区域不同权值大小，提升网络对芽眼的关注度并剔除冗余的背景信息；其次在Head部分利用InceptionNeXt模块替换原ELAN-H模块，减少因网络深度增加而造成芽眼高维特征信息的丢失，更好地进行多尺度融合提升芽眼的检测效果；最后更改边界框损失函数为NWD，降低损失值，加快网络模型的收敛速度。经试验，改进后的YOLOv7网络模型平均准确率均值达到95.40%，较原始模型提高4.2个百分点。与同类目标检测模型Faster-RCNN(ResNet50)、Faster-RCNN(VGG)、SSD、YOLOv3、YOLOv4、YOLOv5n、YOLOX相比，其检测精度分别高出34.09、26.32、27.25、22.88、35.92、17.23和15.70个百分点。在马铃薯种薯自动切块试验台上进行芽眼检测试验，对于表面光洁及表面附有泥土、破损的马铃薯种薯，改进后模型的漏检率分别为4%、11%，检测效果优于其他网络模型。研究结果可为后续马铃薯种薯智能化切块芽眼检测提供技术支持。

本研究通过大田试验,分别设置0（处理1）、900（处理2）、1 050（处理3）、1 200（处理4）和1 350 kg/hm² （处理5）共5个施肥处理,探讨不同施用量复合肥对马铃薯产量及疮痂病发病情况的影响。结果表明,产量方面,处理2（43 928.6 kg/hm²）,处理4（42 023.8 kg/hm²）和处理3（41 277.8 kg/hm²）产量较高,与处理1差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）,但处理间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;病薯率方面,处理1的病薯率最高（98.1%）,处理4病薯率最低（91.9%）,各处理间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;病情指数方面,处理1的病情指数最高（56.6）,与其他处理间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）,其他处理间病情指数差异无统计学意义;防效方面,不同施肥处理的防效差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。综合各结果来看,处理2、处理3和处理4的表现较好,其疮痂病发病较轻,产量较高,兼顾了病害防治和经济效益,因此,建议生产上该作物复合肥施肥量以900~1 200 kg/hm²为宜。

Potato is an important food crop and is very sensitive to high temperature. In order to study the effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics and yield of potato leaves, ‘Qingshu 9’was used as the experimental material, and the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yield of potato were systematically studied using randomized block design. The results showed that the leaf area index and leaf SPAD value decreased significantly under high temperature stress. The leaf area indexes of T₁ treatment were decreased by 11%-34% compared with T₂ treatment, and they were decreased by 34%-68% compared with T₃ treatment. The SPAD value of T₂ treatment was decreased by 2.43% compared with T₃ treatment. Secondly, the photosynthetic fluorescence and yield also decreased, and the recovery was relatively slow, which inhibited the production of Pn and the absorption and transformation of light energy. The reactive oxygen species increased, and the leaves were dehydrated and wilted to cause death, which would affect the whole growth process of potato, resulting in the final reduction of yield. Therefore, high temperature will lead to the change of functional leaves, which will reduce the photosynthetic performance of potato, gradually shorten the active period, disorder the physiological metabolic activity, and significantly reduce the yield.

In order to explore the overwintering plug seedlings of leaf-vegetable sweet potato in North China, 4 stem sizes (D1, D2, D3, D4 for 4, 6, 8, 10 cm) and 5 plug sizes (32, 50, 72, 105, 128 holes) were set to match 14 treatments, to study the effects of different combinations on seedling survival rate, growth (stem diameter, plant height, etc.) and fresh weight, etc. The results indicated that under the same plug, with the increase of stem segment, the survival rate of seedlings, the number of leaves, stem diameter of the base region and plant height of seedlings showed an increasing trend, and then the fresh weight of the aboveground part and the whole plant also increased, and the highest value was under the treatment of D4. Under the same stem segment, as the number of holes in the plug increased, the number of leaves, stem diameter of the base region, plant height, fresh weight above the ground and fresh weight of the whole plant decreased, due to the effect of the plug size on the underground part, with the treatment of 32 holes being the highest. Under different stem segments and plug sizes, the growth of D4-32 treatment was the best. In mid-March, for the fresh weight of the aboveground part, the treatment of D2-72 achieved the same effect as the treatment of D4-32(no significant difference between the two treatments), with the number of leaves, stem diameter of the base region, plant height and other indexs of seedlings meeting the transplanting conditions; for the fresh weight of the whole plant, the treatment of D2-105 treatment (10.21 g) achieved the same effect as the treatment of D4-32, which could save 228.1% of the seedling area. According to its weight, in mid-January, the fresh weight of the aboveground part and the whole plant under the treatment of D3-72 was close to the level of the above two treatments, which could save 125.0% of the seedling area. Considering the growth and economic benefits of seedlings, D2-105 is recommended when transplanted in mid-March, that is, the combination of stem segment with 2 axillary buds and 105-hole plug. If there is condition for transplanting in mid-January, D3-72 is recommended, that is, the combination of stem segment with 3 axillary buds and 72-hole plug.

【Objective】 Jasmonic acid (JA) is one of key regulatory hormones during potato tuber development. Study on JA regulating tuber development mechanism would provide an important theoretical basis for tuber yield and quality formation.【Method】 In this study, potato stolons cultured in vitro were exogenously applied with JA (0, 0.5, 5, 50 μmol·L^-1) to analyze the phenotype, tissue microstructure, carbohydrate accumulation and proteome change of tubers.【Result】 With the increase of JA concentration, the tuber number formed per stolon, tuber diameter, fresh and dry weight, cell area of perimedullary zone, starch and soluble sugar content were gradually increased at 0.5 and 5 μmol·L^-1 JA (P<0.05), whereas the tuber diameter, fresh and dry weight, starch content were significantly decreased at 50 μmol·L^-1 JA (P<0.05). Lipoxygenase activity was gradually decreased with JA concentration increasing (P<0.05). Thirty-five differentially abundant proteins (P<0.05 and fold change≥2.5) closely related to tuber development regulating by JA were identified by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. They were mainly involved in bioenergy and metabolism (28.6%), cell defense and rescue (28.6%), protein biogenesis and storage (11.4%), signaling (8.6%), transcription (8.6%), unknown (8.6%) and miscellaneous (5.6%). The differential expression patterns of these proteins were clustered into three categories by hierarchical clustering analysis. Cluster 1 included 17 proteins that down-regulated at 0.5 μmol·L^-1 JA and up-regulated at 5 μmol·L^-1 JA, which mainly involved in bioenergy and metabolism, protein biogenesis and storage, signaling and transcription. Cluster 2 included 10 proteins that gradually up-regulated with JA concentration increasing, which were mainly involved in cell defense and rescue, bioenergy and metabolism, transcription. Cluster 3 included 8 proteins that down-regulated after JA treatments, which were mainly involved in bioenergy and metabolism, cell defense and rescue, protein biogenesis and storage. 【Conclusion】 Low JA concentration (0.5, 5 μmol·L^-1) might promote tuber morphogenesis by inducing cell enlargement in tuber perimedullary zone, intracellular sucrose and polysaccharide accumulation, and cell defense ability, whereas high JA concentration (50 μmol·L^-1) showed inhibitory effects.

The paper aims to investigate the effects of potato onion on tomato fruit quality and soil nutrients. Using ‘Dongnong 708’ tomato as the experimental material, a pot experiment was conducted, with two treatments of monoculture tomato and potato onion associated tomato. Rhizosphere soil samples at 20, 30, 40 and 100 days after sowing were collected, and the quality of the first and second ear fruits of tomatoes after fruit ripening was analyzed. The results showed that the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, sugar acid ratio, soluble protein, and lycopene in the accompanying tomato fruits of potato onions was significantly higher than that of monoculture tomatoes. The titratable acid content of tomato fruits was significantly lower than that of monoculture tomatoes, and the nutritional quality of the first ear fruit was better than that of the second ear fruit, while the taste quality of the second ear fruit was also better than that of the first ear fruit. The pH, EC, available phosphorus, available potassium, acid hydrolyzed phosphorus, acid hydrolyzed nitrogen, and organic matter concentration in the rhizosphere soil of tomato associated with potato onion were significantly higher than those of monoculture treatment, while the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was significantly lower than that of monoculture treatment. In summary, potato onions can increase the activity of soil nutrients, promote nutrient absorption by tomatoes, providing sufficient nutrient foundation for tomato growth, and thus improve tomato quality.

To clarify the effect of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on soil and potato, explore the impact on soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato, and propose a suitable organic substitution ratio, so as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. In Xiji County, Guyuan City of Ningxia in 2022, five treatments, CK (single fertilizer), T₁ (organic alternative fertilizer 20%), T₂ (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 40%), T₃ (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 60%) and T₄ (single application of organic fertilizer), were set up to analyze the relationship between soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato using the ‘Qingshu 9’ potato variety as the test material. The results showed that (1) compared with CK and T₄, the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of other treatments were increased to varying degrees, and the effect of increasing the content of available potassium was the most significant, increasing by 13.86%-37.74% and 2.55%-42.10%, respectively. (2) The soil enzyme activity of soil depth of 0-20 cm was slightly higher than that of 20-40 cm, and compared with CK and T₄, the soil enzyme activity of organic fertilizer of other treatments was improved, and the index of alkaline phosphatase activity was the highest, compared with CK, 0-20 and 20-40 cm increased by 3.74%-56.11%, 2.02%-55.90%, respectively; compared with T₄ treatment, it increased by 7.57%-64.94% and 8.56%-50.57%. (3) Compared with CK and T₄ treatment, organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer treatments improved the quality content of potato tubers. (4) Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrient content, and the increase of soil nutrient content promoted the improvement of enzyme activity. The stepwise linear regression equations of soil nutrient content, enzyme activity and potato quality showed that alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, urease, alkaline phosphatase and 20-40 cm catalase activities could be explained by the correlation with potato quality. The replacement of partial chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizer could increase soil nutrient content, enhance soil enzyme activity and improve potato quality, among which the replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer had the most significant effect.

【Objective】 The selection of low glycemic index potato varieties is not only essential for controlling blood glucose, reducing obesity, and maintaining oral health but also constitutes a crucial approach to meeting diverse consumer demands and enhancing potato production efficiency. This process provides a foundation for the breeding of low glycemic index potato varieties and the improvement of biological breeding methods.【Method】 Eight domestically and internationally cultivated potato varieties were employed as experimental materials. The study involved the examination of tuber agronomic traits, analysis of total starch, amylose, rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch, soluble sugars, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and soluble protein content in tubers before and after steaming processing. Additionally, the investigation included the evaluation of the retention levels of these components and the post-processing tuber flavor quality and in vitro/vivo glycemic index.【Result】 Among the eight varieties, the yield ranged from 21.50 to 49.90 t·hm^-2, with marketable yield percentages ranging from 60.04% to 90.21% and length-to-width ratios from 1.21 to 2.90. Sensory evaluation scores for flavor ranged from 64 to 73. Texture profile analysis results indicated that hardness ranged from 9.78 N to 19.97 N, adhesiveness from 0.44 mJ to 1.66 mJ, cohesiveness from 0.052 to 0.070, springiness from 0.51 to 1.02 mm, and chewiness from 0.28 to 1.38 mJ. Before and after steaming, the total starch content of eight potato varieties ranged from 67.07% to 76.72% dry weight (DW) and 57.69% to 67.40% DW, respectively. The range of amylose content was 5.36% to 19.23% DW and 5.43% to 6.83% DW, while rapidly digestible starch content varied from 1.18% to 8.23% DW and 14.31% to 28.56% DW. The range of slowly digestible starch content was 3.33% to 7.69% DW and 12.81% to 27.65% DW, and resistant starch content varied from 53.71% to 70.36% DW and 11.80% to 25.80% DW. Soluble sugar content ranged from 25.98 to 56.86 mg·g^-1 DW and 11.38 to 50.24 mg·g^-1 DW, while total dietary fiber content varied from 29.62% to 36.17% DW and 43.67% to 52.55% DW. Insoluble dietary fiber content ranged from 17.69% to 23.70% DW and 30.31% to 44.12% DW, and soluble dietary fiber content ranged from 11.07% to 18.48% DW and 7.37% to 14.09% DW. Soluble protein content varied from 42.26 to 64.14 mg·g^-1 DW and 0.71 to 4.82 mg·g^-1 DW. Following steaming, the total starch content of the eight varieties exhibited a range of -15.49% to -5.97%, with changes in amylose content ranging from -12.39% to 0.56%. The variations in rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch were in the ranges of 10.44% to 25.86%, 5.12% to 23.09%, and -56.8% to -29.88%, respectively. Soluble sugar content varied from -27.07% to 15.70%, while changes in insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber ranged from 11.41% to 25.19% and -4.73% to 0.77%, respectively. Soluble protein content exhibited a range of -60.86% to -39.67%. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the glycemic index and tuber total starch and rapidly digestible starch content, while a significant negative correlation was observed with resistant starch and insoluble dietary fiber content. The glycemic index of the eight varieties ranged from 58.08 to 100.64 in vitro and from 57.80 to 92.47 in vivo【Conclusion】 Under potato breeding program, the in vitro glycemic index can replace the in vivo glycemic index as an alternative evaluation method. The content of tuber total starch, rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch, and insoluble dietary fiber are key agronomic traits be considered in the breeding process of low glycemic index potato varieties. The Lucinda was identified as a low glycemic index potato variety with superior flavor quality after cooking processing.

In order to clarify the types of pathogens causing potato common scab in the micro potato continuous cultivation substrate, organic acids with good inhibitory activity were screened to control this disease. In this study, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and purified from diseased potato, and their pathogenicity was detected by potato chip method, radish chip method and greenhouse pot inoculation method. The species were determined by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics determination and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The biological characteristics such as salt tolerance were studied, the effects of organic acids such as formic acid on the growth of Streptomyces spp. were determined using paper plate method. Streptomyces strain 19311 was pathogenic, and its pathogenic island virulence related genotype was txtAB⁺/tomA⁺/necI⁺. Strain 19311 was identified as Streptomyces acidiscabies based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid could significantly inhibit the growth of S. acidiscabies, and formic acid had the best antibacterial effect with the antibacterial zone diameter of 45.43 mm and the lowest effective concentration of 1%, which could inhibit the growth of S. acidiscabies by increasing the permeability of cell membrane. In this study, the species and biological characteristics of Streptomyces strain 19311 in the micro potato cultivation substrate were identified. The use of 1% formic acid to control the occurrence of this disease and evaluate its impact on the original seed production can be carried out in the future.

Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of sweetpotato landraces in China is helpful for the protection of sweetpotato germplasm resources and the cultivation of new varieties. In this study, 132 sweet potato landraces were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of phenotypic traits, carotenoid content, and SSR molecular markers. The results showed that the average coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits of 132 sweetpotato landraces was 45.84%, the average carotenoid content was 6.33 μg/g, and the highest was 59.90 μg/g. The average Nei's diversity index of SSR molecular markers was 0.15, and the average Shannon's diversity index was 0.23. Based on the population structure analysis, the 132 sweetpotato landraces were divided into five subpopulations. Further analysis of molecular variation revealed that 84% of the variation existed within populations and 16% between populations. In summary, sweetpotato landraces have rich genetic diversity, and the genetic variation among germplasms is mainly concentrated within the subpopulation. This provides important information for the protection of local sweetpotato germplasm resources and the cultivation of new varieties in China.

马铃薯是威宁县优势特色农作物，当地纬度低、海拔高，马铃薯常年种植面积达150万亩，威芋7号为当地大面积推广种植品种。该文阐述了威芋7号品种的特征特性，基于威宁县生产实际，总结了播前处理、播种管理、田间管理、适时收获等优质高产栽培技术要点，以期助推当地马铃薯种植产业良好发展。

为探寻适合赫章县使用的马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂，2022年选择氟菌﹒霜霉威等6种化学药剂进行了马铃薯晚疫病田间防控试验。试验结果表明，720 g/L百菌清悬浮剂、50%氟啶﹒霜脲氰水分散粒剂，687.5 g/L氟菌﹒霜霉威悬浮剂、60%霜脲﹒嘧菌酯水分散粒剂对马铃薯晚疫病防治效果较好，产量也较高，可在当地推广应用。

该文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区马铃薯生产为例，探讨农业防治、物理防治和化学防治等绿色防控技术，提出加强技术指导与病虫害监测、建设绿色防控示范区等推广措施，以期为当地马铃薯产业的可持续发展提供保障。

<正>首都"两区"建设的推进实施,践行习近平总书记的"两山"理论,厚植绿色发展优势,河北省马铃薯产业发展水资源约束将长期存在,如何实现生态、经济的双赢发展?王哲教授的著作《水资源约束下河北省马铃薯产业发展研究》分为五篇:生产篇、市场篇、资源约束篇、技术采纳篇和对策建议篇。著作重点研究了河北马铃薯产业在全国产业地位、马铃薯产业特性、市场价格监测与分析、水资源约束、农业节水技术采纳行为、产业扶贫成效评价等。著

环境保护的根本出路在于废弃物的资源化。以马铃薯淀粉工业为例,治理该工业的环境污染问题,只能依靠该工业废弃物资源化技术的支撑。实践证明,在众多高新技术里面,生物技术的威力最大、效果最好。文中在回顾了生物技术应用于废弃物资源化领域的大量探索和实践的基础上,介绍了马铃薯淀粉工业废弃物资源化技术研制过程中生物技术的杰出表现,展示了生物技术与环境保护的密切关系和生物技术在环境保护事业中大有作为的广阔天地。

粮食储备和粮食生产能力储备在粮食安全体系中占有重要地位。随着人口增长、消费升级、资源环境约束趋紧，快速城镇化导致的农民生产结构和生活方式的变化，新冠疫情等突发事件的影响，以及粮食进口成本提高，中国粮食和主要农产品的供求将长期处于紧平衡状态，提高粮食储备与粮食生产能力储备以保障国家粮食安全仍然极为重要。马铃薯具有群众基础广泛、种植优势明显、食用方式丰富、加工类型多样等战略储备优势，可通过鲜食、加工产品及生产能力等方式进行战略储备，但马铃薯战略储备需要特殊的贮藏条件、严格的种薯生产体系和质量标准作为支撑，目前国家对马铃薯的战略储备重视程度还不够，政策支持和资金投入还很不足。未来，可以从整体构建、提升产能、加大主食开发力度和提高生产能力贮备水平等方面构建和完善马铃薯战略储备体系，让马铃薯在国家战略储备中充分发挥作用，为中国粮食安全再筑一道防线。

自2015年马铃薯主粮化项目实施以来，中国马铃薯产需呈现出新的发展趋势。经对2015—2019年中国马铃薯生产、消费、价格波动等分析发现，近年来中国马铃薯播种面积基本稳定，在种植技术升级、品种培育等多种因素的影响下，产量逐年增加，单产节节攀升；马铃薯种植生产区域集中在西北地区，马铃薯销售多由生产区辐射向周边临近地区，主要销往北京、安徽、山东等地；马铃薯价格受季节、气候影响较为明显，且现阶段马铃薯消费量上下变动的各种影响因素并存，总体上减大于增。中国马铃薯主粮化项目任重道远，要充分认清当前阶段发展情况，根据时代及居民需求的变动不断调整发展方向，更好地规划马铃薯的生产、消费，做到供需均衡，挖掘消费者的马铃薯消费潜力，用需求拉动消费，带动马铃薯行业发展。

受库存薯市场供应偏紧和冬薯主产区遭受低温灾害天气影响,2023年上半年前期马铃薯价格同比偏高;在种植规模缩减和灾害天气影响共同作用下,春季马铃薯价格较上年明显上涨;从近10年同期数值来看,2023年上半年马铃薯总体价格水平处于最高位。由于2023年6—8月马铃薯市场供应主体为2023年产季春季马铃薯,预计薯价仍将高于上年同期水平;9—12月,马铃薯市场供应主体为2023年产季秋季马铃薯,在不发生大规模、持续性自然灾害的情况下,马铃薯市场价格预计同比下跌。目前中国马铃薯产业仍存在育种短板突出、种植收益波动大和优质优价机制不健全等值得关注的问题。基于此,建议各地加大马铃薯育种研发、完善马铃薯收益保障机制以及加快农业品牌培育,进一步推动中国马铃薯产业持续健康发展。

高质量发展是适应新时代中国社会主要矛盾的必然要求，是经济社会发展的硬道理。在此必然要求和硬道理下，中国马铃薯产业在转型升级过程中呈现生产规模出现分化、发展方式转向内涵型增长、“北薯南移”区域布局持续演化、市场供应量季节波动逐渐弱化、价格波动程度越来越大、国际贸易优势日益凸显、直接食用向加工转化等新特点，资源环境约束趋紧、科技贡献趋缓、生产成本持续上涨、马铃薯消费增长乏力等问题的存在对马铃薯高质量发展形成不同程度的制约，预判中短期内中国马铃薯产业发展将呈现出规模基本稳定、市场波动季节波动性进一步弱化、产业发展加工导向逐渐凸显等趋势。推进马铃薯产业高质量发展，需通过加大马铃薯科技研发投入促进产业创新发展，发展加工践行大食物观促进产业协调发展，推广环境适应性生产模式促进产业绿色发展，强化行业管理部门引导促进产业稳定发展。

为实现无接触、低成本的马铃薯根系图像快速准确分割，以阐明内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯的根系时空动态分布特征为目的，该研究提出一种基于改进DeepLabv3+语义分割网络的马铃薯根系图像分割方法，并对其输出的图像进行根系长度计算，获得了马铃薯不同生育时期内不同土层下的根系长度。试验结果表明，改进的DeepLabv3+模型的均交并比（mean intersection over union,MIoU）和平均像素精度（mean pixel accuracy, MPA）分别为94.05%和95.72%,MIoU相较SegNet、PSPNet、U-Net和标准DeepLabv3+分别提高了6.67、4.92、8.80和4.21个百分点；MPA相较SegNet、PSPNet、U-Net和标准DeepLabv3+分别提高了6.7、4.86、8.25、4.53个百分点；训练时间为9.52 h，相较SegNet、PSPNet、U-Net和标准DeepLabv3+分别缩短了6.8、3.99、4.56和3.94 h；浮点运算次数（floating point operations,FLOPs）较SegNet、PSPNet、U-Net和标准DeepLabv3+分别减小了45×10~9、34×10~9、29×10~9、18×10~9；图像检测帧率较SegNet、PSPNet、U-Net和标准DeepLabv3+分别提高了15.3、11.7、11.4和9帧/s。与手动测量根系长度的回归分析的决定系数达到0.981。在苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期，马铃薯80%的根系分别分布在0～20、0～30、0～40及0～30 cm土层内。该研究结果可为内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯高产高效栽培技术提供理论基础。

升温和降水变化对全球马铃薯生产构成巨大挑战。揭示未来升温1.5和2.0℃情景下中国不同种植区马铃薯产量和水分利用的变化，对保障中国粮食安全具有重要意义。该研究基于中国不同地区的气候条件和种植制度，将全国马铃薯种植区划分为北方一作区、中原二作区、南方冬作区和西南混作区。进而，基于未来全球气温与基准期（1986-2005）的差值，推算得出全球升温达到1.5和2.0℃的时段分别为2016-2035年和2028-2047年。在全国马铃薯种植区共选择7个马铃薯典型品种。该研究基于气候模式通过降尺度获取的未来气象数据，驱动充分校正的APSIM-Potato模型，模拟分析未来升温1.5℃（2016-2035年）和2.0℃（2028-2047年）情景下中国不同种植区雨养和灌溉（基于土壤水分亏缺模型启动自动灌溉）马铃薯产量和水分利用的变化。结果表明：基准期（1986-2005年），雨养马铃薯产量、生育期蒸散量（evaportranspiration,ET）和水分利用效率（water use efficiency,WUE）分别为0.05～52.40 t/hm~2、7～454 mm和3～193 kg/(mm·hm~2)，与基准期相比，升温1.5℃情景下，北方一作区和中原二作区马铃薯产量和ET呈增加趋势，产量分别增加1.46%和1.93%,ET分别增加3.14%和2.93%；南方冬作区和西南混作区产量和ET呈下降趋势，产量分别下降4.51%和12.74%,ET分别下降2.23%和8.44%;4个种植区马铃薯WUE均呈下降趋势。升温2.0℃情景下，北方一作区、中原二作区和南方冬作区马铃薯产量和ET均呈增加趋势，产量分别增加15.48%、1.54%和3.27%,ET分别增加12.12%、4.63%和4.19%，西南混作区产量和ET分别降低8.82%和8.29%；北方一作区马铃薯WUE呈增加趋势，其他3个区下降0.57%～3.25%。基准期（1986-2005年），灌溉马铃薯产量、ET和WUE分别为6.80～59.60 t/hm~2、151～631 mm和7.90～163.60kg/(mm·hm~2)，与基准期相比，升温1.5℃情景下，北方一作区和中原二作区产量呈增加趋势，分别增加3.60%和3.00%，南方冬作区和西南混作区分别下降1.12%和11.79%;ET在北方一作区、中原二作区和西南混作区呈增加趋势，分别增加4.63%、3.99%和2.14%，在西南混作区下降4.87%;4个种植区马铃薯WUE均呈下降趋势。升温2.0℃情景下，北方一作区、中原二作区和南方冬作区产和ET均呈增加趋势，产量分别增加5.63%、6.82%和6.46%,ET分别增加11.94%、8.58%和7.12%，马铃薯西南混作区产量和ET分别下降8.56%和5.31%;4个种植区WUE均呈下降趋势。研究结果表明未来升温使北方一作区和中原二作区雨养和灌溉马铃薯增产，而导致南方冬作区和西南混作区减产。该研究可为中国马铃薯生产适应未来气候变化提供理论指导。

马铃薯种薯芽眼属于小目标物体,识别难度大、要求高。为了在试验台(芽眼识别装置)上快速、准确地完成识别任务,该研究提出一种基于轻量型卷积神经网络的芽眼检测模型。首先,为了降低模型的计算量和聚焦小目标物体,替换YOLOv4的主干网络CSPDarkNet-53为GhostNetV2轻量型特征提取网络;其次,在YOLOv4的颈部网络中,使用深度可分离卷积(depthwise separable convolution,DW)模块代替普通卷积块进一步降低模型计算量;最后,更改边界框损失函数为具有角度代价的边界框损失函数(SIoU),避免因预测框的位置不确定,而影响模型收敛速度和整体检测性能。结果表明,改进后芽眼检测模型参数量为12.04 M,使用笔记本电脑CPU检测单张图片的时间为0.148 s,从试验台收集的测试数据显示平均精度为89.13%。相对于其他主干特征提取网络CSPDarkNet-53、MobileNetV1、MobileNetV2、MobileNetV3、GhostNetV1,其检测精度分别高出1.85、0.75、2.67、4.17、1.89个百分点;与同类目标检测模型SSD、Faster-RCNN、EifficientDet、CenterNet、YOLOv7相比,在检测精度上,分别高出23.26、27.45、10.51、18.09、2.13个百分点,在检测时间上,分别降低0.007、6.754、1.891、1.745、0.422 s,且模型参数量具有明显优势。该研究为小目标物体检测和模型部署提供技术支撑。

电流体动力学干燥作为一种新型干燥技术，以成本低、干燥均匀、高效节能等优势，为热敏性物料的干燥提供了新的方法。为探究电流体动力学作用下马铃薯切片的干燥特性和理化特征，该研究将马铃薯切片在0、14、18、22、26、30 kV的交流电压下进行干燥，利用红外光谱和低场核磁共振技术分析电流体动力学干燥对马铃薯切片中分子结构、水分迁移的影响。结果表明，马铃薯切片在30 kV电压下的平均干燥速率、有效水分扩散系数、复水比分别为0.922 8 g/(g·h)、2.265 3×10~(-10) m~2/s、4.78，明显优于其他电压下的试验结果。电流体动力学干燥后，马铃薯切片中的官能团没有发生明显变化，蛋白质以β-折叠结构为主。干燥可提高马铃薯切片内部自由水的流动性并降低组织对不易流动水的束缚力，从而促进水分的去除和迁移。电流体动力学干燥技术较好地保留了马铃薯的营养成分，该研究结果为马铃薯切片的干燥提供理论依据。

高效低损除杂是马铃薯机械化收获的核心环节，直接影响马铃薯的收获效率与收获品质，是助推马铃薯收获模式制定与收获装备研发与产业化进程的关键。由于不同马铃薯种植地区的自然环境等区域差异性较大，各地区马铃薯种植和收获模式复杂多变，因此对马铃薯机械化收获的除杂技术、装置结构和作业原理的需求各不相同。机械化收获除杂是减少生产成本、提高经济效益的重要方法，该研究基于国内马铃薯种植农艺，分析了国内外典型的马铃薯收获机基本结构和技术特点，对马铃薯机械化收获秧膜杂处理技术进行归纳总结，阐述薯土分离、薯秧分离、残膜回收及杂质清选等环节的装置结构与工作原理，对比分析不同除杂装置的特点与技术指标。针对国内覆膜种植、丘陵地区土壤粘重等特点，指出制约国内马铃薯除杂机械化发展的关键问题，并提出规范种植体系，研制适用机型与专用装备，农机农艺农信相融合和产学研相结合等建议，以期为马铃薯机械化收获除杂技术装备的研发应用奠定基础。

传统冻干产品加工工艺技术含量低，产品配方、营养和口味单一，市场同质化现象严重，日渐无法满足消费者的需求。为增加市面上复合型果蔬冻干产品的多样性，丰富冻干产品的口感和营养价值，该研究以桑葚和紫薯为主要原料，采用真空冷冻干燥技术，使用Box-behnken结合综合评分法，探究了果胶、阿拉伯胶、麦芽糊精、果葡糖浆和柠檬酸添加量对桑葚-紫薯复合冻干果块综合评分的影响。结果表明，最佳制备工艺为：果胶添加量0.20%、麦芽糊精添加量8.00%、阿拉伯胶添加量0.20%、果葡糖浆添加量4.00%和柠檬酸添加量0.24%，综合评分为0.87分。工艺优化后的产品总体感官可接受度8.90分，比未添加辅料的复合冻干果块显著（P<0.05）提高了25.35%。同时，所得复合冻干果块具有良好的品质，其脆度、总黄酮含量、总花青素含量及铁离子还原能力分别显著（P<0.05）提高了80.53%、23.10%、11.36%和39.95%。研究结果可以为复合型冻干果蔬产品的发展提供一定的理论依据。

为了探究福建春种马铃薯寒冻害风险分布情况,利用马铃薯春种区45个县(市)的历年气象、产量和农业经济资料,在分析马铃薯寒冻害危险性、脆弱性和防寒防冻能力的基础上,构建马铃薯寒冻害风险区划指标,应用层次分析法、熵权系数法、加权综合评价法等确定风险区划指标权重和风险指数,构建福建省马铃薯春种区寒冻害风险区划指标和模型,基于GIS技术对福建省春种马铃薯的寒冻害风险进行区划。结果表明:福建省春种马铃薯的寒冻害低风险区主要分布在低海拔区域,该区域适合春种马铃薯;中度寒冻害风险区主要分布在海拔中等的区域;重度以上的寒冻害风险区主要分布在鹫峰山区、武夷山区、戴云山区和博平岭山区的高海拔区域,其中海拔800m以上地域有严重寒冻害风险,不适宜早春种植马铃薯。在风险因素构成上,寒冻害致灾危险性在综合风险中起决定性作用,种植区防寒防冻能力仅能略微减轻寒冻害带来的风险。

针对宁南旱区年际降水变率大、马铃薯产量和降水利用率低等问题,连续3a秋作物收获后分别采用深松覆盖秸秆、深松覆盖地膜、深松不覆盖3种深松覆盖模式,以传统翻耕不覆盖为对照,研究不同深松覆盖模式对休闲期和生育期土壤水分、马铃薯干物质累积、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深松覆盖模式可改善休闲期土壤水分状况,以深松覆秸秆处理效果最佳,0-200cm层平均土壤含水量较对照显著增加6.41%。与对照相比,深松覆秸秆和深松覆地膜处理下休闲期0-200cm层平均土壤蓄水量和降水补给率分别显著提高49.85%、121.85%和46.82%、83.73%。深松覆盖模式可改善马铃薯生育期0-200cm层土壤含水量,调控不同生育阶段耗水量。深松覆秸秆处理对生育前期(播种后0～60d)60-100cm层土壤保水效果显著,而对照处理该阶段耗水量最高,深松覆地膜处理次之,而深松覆秸秆处理最低;深松覆秸秆处理对生育中期(播种后60～120d)0-60cm(2016年)和140-200cm(2015年)层土壤保水效果较好,而深松覆地膜处理生育中期耗水量最高,深松覆秸秆处理次之,对照处理最低;深松覆秸秆处理对生育后期(播种后120～150d)0-40cm层土壤蓄水效果最佳,其阶段耗水量也最高,深松覆地膜处理次之,对照处理最低。深松覆盖模式下马铃薯地上部和地下部干物质累积量均显著高于对照,生育前期以深松覆地膜处理效果较好,而生育中后期以深松覆秸秆处理具有显著促进作用。深松覆盖模式能显著提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,以深松覆秸秆处理最高,平均分别较对照显著提高49.33%、43.80%。可见,休闲期深松覆盖可改善休闲期土壤水分状况,有利于提高生育期土壤水分含量,调控马铃薯阶段耗水量,从而增加马铃薯干物质累积,实现作物的高产和水分高效利用,以深松覆盖秸秆处理效果最佳。

为明确宁南山区马铃薯田不同耕作措施对土壤细菌群落组成及多样性的影响机制,2019年通过大田试验,借助Illumina MiSeq高通量测序手段,系统分析了三种不同耕作方式,即传统翻耕(CT)、深松耕30cm(STD)、深松耕50cm(STS)对0-20cm土层土壤酶活性季节变化规律、土壤全氮、有机碳含量以及土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)不同耕作方式下马铃薯土壤酶活性表现出季节变化规律,对马铃薯整个生育期的土壤酶活性测定结果显示,STS较CT能显著增加尿酶活性12.9%,STS较STD和CT分别显著增加蔗糖酶活性17.1%和56.1%,STS较STD和CT处理分别增加过氧化氢酶活性27.5%和16.7%,并且深松耕处理能够显著增加土壤有机碳含量和全氮含量;(2)马铃薯田不同耕作处理下鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)属于优势属,STD较CT显著增加鞘氨醇单胞菌属相对丰度24.3%。STD较CT增加Simpson指数0.72%,STS处理下Shannon指数最大,较CT处理增加6.4%,STS较CT处理显著增加Chao 1值35.1%;(3)冗余分析显示,细菌多样性(Shannon)和丰富度指数(Chao1值)均与土壤尿酶活性、全氮含量呈显著正相关,逐步回归分析得出全氮是影响宁南山区不同耕作方式下细菌丰富度和多样性的主要因素。因此,在宁南山区采用STS(深松耕50cm)模式可改善土壤酶活性和土壤性状,促进土壤细菌丰富度和多样性的增加,是维持该区马铃薯高产、生态的最佳耕作方式。

2021年4-7月在沈阳农业大学大型水分控制试验场进行马铃薯的控水实验，选取马铃薯开花期和块茎膨大期，设置轻度干旱（开花期土壤相对湿度50%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度60%）、中度干旱（开花期土壤相对湿度40%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度50%）和重度干旱（开花期土壤相对湿度30%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度40%）以及对照（开花期土壤相对湿度70%、块茎膨大期土壤相对湿度80%）处理，在每一个生育阶段各级干旱处理5d后进行复水，复水水平控制到对照处理水平，研究干旱胁迫及旱后复水对马铃薯光合特性、叶绿素荧光、生长及产量的影响。结果表明：开花期与块茎膨大期遭遇干旱胁迫会使叶片气孔导度、净光合速率均显著低于对照处理，叶片光系统II的光化学淬灭系数、光能转换率显著降低，非光化学淬灭系数显著升高。开花期轻度干旱持续5d后复水，叶片净光合速率比干旱处理提高20%，但块茎膨大期中、重度干旱恢复的程度很小。各级干旱处理下叶面积指数较对照下降17.6%～50.3%，干物质重降低23.4%～51.4%；开花期各级干旱处理下的马铃薯产量，分别较对照处理减少1.0%～19.6%，而块茎膨大期各级干旱处理下的马铃薯产量，分别较对照减产8.6%～30.5%，说明块茎膨大期干旱造成的减产大于开花期。由此可见，干旱胁迫会导致马铃薯叶片生长过程产生抑制，光合产物降低，最终导致产量下降，及时复水可缓解干旱胁迫对马铃薯的影响，实现作物的稳产高产。

作物地膜覆盖安全期指某一作物在某一区域要求地膜覆盖的最佳天数,也就是地膜覆盖农田土面能保持膜面完整的日数,在此日数之前地膜应该保持基本完整,维持增温保墒等功能,此日数之后,这些功能基本消失。华北集约农区水分条件基本能满足马铃薯生长的需求,因此,生产中主要根据该区域自然条件和作物对温度需求的特点适期揭膜。为确定华北集约农区马铃薯种植的最佳揭膜时间,在青岛市以露地种植为对照(T1),分别设置了播种后覆膜30d(T2)、60d(T3)、75d(T4)、90d(T5)4个中途揭膜和全生育期覆膜不揭(T6)共6个处理,观测田间10cm土层土壤温度以及马铃薯生育期、出苗率及产量等指标。结果发现:与露地(T1)相比,地膜覆盖(T2、T3、T4、T5和T6)可以促使研究区马铃薯提前5d出苗,且出苗率得到提高;全生育期覆膜(T6)通过提高地温从而促进马铃薯的生长发育,在马铃薯播种-出苗期,全生育期覆膜(T6)处理较露地(T1)10cm土层土壤日平均温度提高1.1℃,10cm土层地积温增加66.1℃·d。不同揭膜时间的试验结果显示,在播种后60d揭膜处理中,马铃薯田10cm土层的地积温较高,为1795.6℃·d。此外,在马铃薯播种60d内地膜覆盖可以显著提高马铃薯田10cm土层地温日较差,播种60d后揭膜对10cm土层地温日较差影响不大。研究结果显示马铃薯产量与地膜覆盖和揭膜时间密切相关,对照露地种植(T1)产量最低,为40.3t×hm~(-2);60d揭膜(T3)最高,为45.7t×hm~(-2),较露地种植(T1)增产13.4%;75d揭膜(T4)较高,较露地种植(T1)增产10.4%。综合看,在该地区马铃薯生产中覆膜后60~75d进行揭膜最合适,即该地区马铃薯地膜覆盖安全期为60~75d。

通过Li-6400便携式光合仪设置叶室温度分别为22、25、28、31和34℃，模拟叶片局部温度，测定马铃薯块茎膨大期充分供水（土壤含水量保持80%田间持水量，对照处理）和干旱（土壤含水量在65%田间持水量时开始持续干旱）条件下叶片光合特征的光响应曲线，研究干旱条件下马铃薯叶片光合特征对叶室温度的响应特征。结果表明：充足灌溉条件下马铃薯在25℃时具有较大的光合潜能，且对弱光的利用最强，22℃条件下马铃薯叶片对光环境适应最强，28℃条件下马铃薯叶片活性最好，而干旱胁迫处理明显降低了马铃薯的最大光合能力、弱光的利用能力和叶片活性。随着温度升高，充足灌溉条件下马铃薯叶片净光合速率和气孔导度先升后降，在25℃达到最大，此时蒸腾速率最小，水分利用效率较高，说明此温度条件下马铃薯表现出较强的水、气调节能力，对环境的适应能力最强，25℃下马铃薯光合作用较为适宜，其次是22℃，而干旱胁迫马铃薯叶片在22℃条件下净光合速率最大、蒸腾速率最小、气孔导度较大、水分利用效率最高，此温度条件为干旱胁迫下马铃薯适应能力最适温度。温度高于31℃对马铃薯光合作用不利。