Ziqiang Che, Shuting Bie, Rongrong Wang, Yilin Ma, Yaoyuan Zhang, Fangfang He, Guiying Jiang
Accepted: 2025-03-21
Drought is one of the important stress factors affecting the growth and development process of wheat in China’s arid zones, which severely limits the yield. This study examined the impact of deficit irrigation on the flag leaf protection system and yield of drip-irrigated spring wheat during the growth stages in arid zones. Additionally, the study aimed to explicate the optimal water supply mode for efficient production under drip irrigation conditions and to provide technical support for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of drip-irrigated wheat. The experiment was conducted with the split plot design, utilization the water-sensitive variety Xinchun 22 (XC22) and the drought-tolerant variety Xinchun 6 (XC6) as the main plot, while the fully irrigated control (CK, 75-80% FC, FC is field water holding capacity), mild deficit (T1, 60-65% FC) and moderate deficit (T2, 45-50% FC) at tillering stage, and mild deficit (J1, 60-65% FC) and moderate deficit (J2, 45-50% FC) at jointing stage were used as the subplot. Systematic study were conducted on the regulatory effects of deficit irrigation during tillering and jointing stages on protective substances, membrane lipid metabolism, endogenous hormones in flag leaf, and yield of spring wheat. Compared with T2 and J2 treatments, T1 and J1 treatments was beneficial for increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), proline (Pro), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), IAA/ABA, ZR/ABA, IAA/ZR, and (IAA+ZR)/ABA, while reducing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radicals (O2-), malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphatidic acid (PA), free fatty acids (FFA), abscisic acid (ABA), phospholipase D (PLD), and lipoxygenase (LOX), alleviating flag leaf senescence, and increasing yield. Under T1 treatment, the SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro levels of flag leaves in XC6 were 11.14, 8.08, 12.98, and 3.66% higher than those of CK treatment, and under J1 treatment, they were 6.43, 4.49, 7.36, and 2.50% higher than those of CK treatment. Under T1 treatment in XC6, the IAA, ZR levels of flag leaf, spike number, grains per spike, 1,000 grain weight and yield were 10.50, 5.79, 3.10, 8.84, 3.78, and 10.52% higher than those of CK treatment, and under J1 treatment, they were 5.36, 3.94, 2.40, 3.72, 1.37, and 4.46% higher than those of CK treatment. Compared with XC22, XC6 was more conducive to the improvement of flag leaf protective substances, IAA, ZR, dry matter weight, yield components and yield. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between IAA and ZR with SOD, POD, CAT, proline, and yield. IAA and ZR promoted the enhancement of protective enzyme activity, thereby clearing reactive oxygen species to cope with oxidative stress caused by drought and achieve the effect of delaying senescence. Principal component analysis showed that yield components, dry matter weight, had a direct effect on yield. Mild deficiency during tillering stage without water stress in other stages could effectively optimize yield components, not only achieved high yield while increasing protective substances, but also reduced reactive oxygen species content. It could be recommended as a water-saving and high-yield production mode for drip irrigation of spring wheat in Xinjiang.