As a low-cost and environmentally friendly new type of fertilizer, microbial fertilizers can effectively improve soil, increase fertility, increase crop yield, and reduce crop losses caused by pathogens, playing an important role in the national agricultural green development strategy. In this paper, we summarized the development status of microbial fertilizers in China in recent years, the classification and preservation of strains, and the mechanism of soluble and volatile secondary metabolites of plant growth promoting bacteria from the aspects of classification, product application and mechanism of microbial fertilizers, and analyzed the common problems faced by the development of microbial fertilizer industry. Finally, several suggestions for promoting the development of microbial fertilizers were put forward.

The harmless and reuse of agricultural waste not only turns waste biomass into treasure, but also reduces pollution to the ecological environment and improves the living environment, which is an effective way to achieve green, circular, low-carbon, efficient and sustainable development. In this article, we conducted bibliometric statistics of the relevant literature on agricultural waste resource utilization published in China and abroad from 1990 to 2022, and comprehensively analyzed the annual trend of the number of articles published in this field and the key words with the help of CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometric tools. Domestic research in this area started nearly 10 years earlier than overseas, the research intensity and importance of international research in this field since 2002 have been significantly higher than that of domestic research, the growth trend of the number of annual publications is also significantly higher than that of domestic research, and the gap between the number of publications at home and abroad is also widening year by year. The research hotspots in the field are not exactly the same at home and abroad. We focus more on the use of waste for the production of organic fertilizers to realize the recycling of green and low-carbon agriculture in China; the foreign countries focus more on biomass materialization and energy utilization of waste to compensate for the consumption of non-renewable resources. Based on China's basic condition of having more people and less land, China should strive to broaden the disposal methods of agricultural waste by classifying and disposing of agricultural waste raw materials and subsequently using them for substrate, feed, fertilizer, materialization and energy. And waste gas, heat and residue should be recycled in order to realize the multi-level utilization of harmless, reduced and diversified biomass resources. The results of the study provide a reference for the development of the field of agricultural waste resource utilization in China.

In order to comprehensively understand the current status of major diseases in freshwater aquaculture across the country, and identify the existing drawbacks in disease prevention and control, we conducted a survey at the city level in freshwater aquaculture areas. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of disease data from different regions, the types of diseases (a total of 101 species, including 25 viral diseases, 25 bacterial diseases, 6 fungal and algal diseases, 32 parasitic diseases, and 13 other diseases), epidemiological patterns, severity of damage and control measures for aquaculture species across the country were clarified. By further analyzing the existing drawbacks in disease prevention and control, the targeted recommendations for guiding the future development of aquatic disease prevention and control are put forward.

Trichoderma harzianum belongs to Trichoderma, it is a widely used biological agent and a fungus with various values. With the extensive application of Trichoderma harzianum in agricultural production, different functions of Trichoderma harzianum in plants have been widely concerned. This paper summarized the biological control mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum, including antibacterial effect, induced resistance and competition. It also reviewed the application of Trichoderma harzianum in biological control, plant growth promotion, quality improvement and salt tolerance. The paper further elaborated that there are still problems and deficiencies in the application of Trichoderma harzianum in plants, which need to be solved urgently. Finally, this paper discussed the application prospect of Trichoderma harzianum in plants under the background of green agriculture and pointed out the future research direction, aiming to achieve a more rational and safe use of Trichoderma harzianum in plants in agricultural production.

Humic acid has the ability to improve soil, increase fertilizer efficiency and provide nutrients for plants. It plays an important role in the ecological environment. Humic acid is a complex aromatic macromolecule formed by amino acids, amino sugars, peptides and aliphatic compounds. The extraction of humic acid includes microbial dissolution method, alkali-acid precipitation method and acid extractant method. Based on this, the basic concept, properties, mechanism of humic acid and the preparation principle and function of humic acid fertilizer were summarized, and some shortcomings were discussed. It was pointed out that the research focus of humic acid fertilizer in the future would be the main components of humic acid raw materials. More cost-saving method should be studied for the production of humic acid, and a unified quality inspection standard should be established.

With the increase of global temperature, heat stress has emerged as one of the major factors affecting plant growth and development. The substantial losses caused by heat, particularly for staple crops like rice, pose a significant impact on economic benefits. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying plant response to heat stress, the adverse effects of heat stress on the morphology, physiology, biochemistry and photosynthesis have been presented. Furthermore, the three molecular mechanisms employed by plants to cope with heat stress, including signal transduction pathways, transcriptional factor regulatory networks and the expression of heat-resistance related genes have been introduced as well. Based on these insights, this review suggests that bioinformatics, genetic engineering, cell biology and molecular biology may be further employed as tools for understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat stress in plants. At last, this review offers a prospective outlook on future research directions in this field.

In order to widely promote the newly approved wheat variety ‘Shannong 116' with high yield and strong gluten into production as soon as possible, we conducted an in-depth analysis from the genetic background of its hybrid parents, the performance of high and stable yield in regional trials, and the performance of strong gluten stability in many years of quality test results. The results showed that the yield of ‘Shannong 116' increased significantly compared with the control, the national test increased by 4.0% compared with ‘Zhoumai 18', and the Shandong test increased by 3.8% compared with ‘Jinan 17'. In the national wheat quality evaluation for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021, the quality test indicators of ‘Shannong 116' all met the GB/T17892 standard for strong or medium gluten wheat. The plant height of ‘Shannong 116' is 76.9 cm, with compact plant type, neat ear layer and good ripening. It combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent of strong strength, disease resistance, early maturity and the male parent of high yield, water saving and lodging resistance. It is suitable for large-scale planting and market order acquisition and utilization in the Huang-huai wheat region.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for animals and plants. Zinc deficiency or excess can seriously affect the growth and development of rice. Maintaining zinc content in rice at a certain level is helpful to improve the yield and quality of rice, increase the zinc content in grain, and solve the current problem of zinc deficiency in human body to a certain extent. Therefore, it is important to understand Zn uptake, transport, distribution, and other molecular mechanisms regulating Zn homeostasis in rice. In this review, we briefly summarized the importance of zinc in plants, especially the ion transporters in rice and the molecular mechanisms. The roles of these ion transporters in the uptake of Zn from soil, the transport from root to shoot, and the distribution of Zn to various parts of rice were summarized. Some molecular mechanisms related to ion transporters were also summarized. This study provides reference for the mining of zinc homeostasis regulatory genes in rice, the study of molecular mechanism, and the creation of high zinc rice germplasm.

To improve soil nutrient utilization efficiency and deal with single manure application problems such as dosage, fertilizer efficiency, and nutrient leaching, “biochar”, “compost”, “biochar manure application”, “soil properties” and “crop nutrients” were used as keywords to search and summarize relevant literatures on sources of Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet and others. The results showed that: (1) biochar improved the maturity of composting, increased the abundance of microbial communities, and reduced the risk of nutrient leaching in organic fertilizers, thus effectively reducing the environmental impact of traditional composting; (2) manure combined with biochar could improve soil moisture condition, and increase the contents of the available phosphorus and available potassium of different types of soils. Meanwhile, it could also provide better living materials and an environment for soil organisms and microorganisms; (3) the combination of biochar and organic fertilizer could increase the yield of crops and improve the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while different types of crops responded to them differently. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer enhanced soil fertility and plant nutrition, and its effect varied with the application rate, type of soil and crop and other factors. Our studies could provide a reference for efficient utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources in agricultural production.

With the intensification of global climate change and land salinization, improving the ability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to grow in saline and alkaline environments has become a key challenge for agricultural production. The realization of the strategy of " the adaptation of germplasm to land " requires a deep understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism of rice, then breeding improvement on this basis. In this study, we summarized the recent research results on salt tolerance regulatory genes in rice, and classified them functionally according to the biological processes involved. The perception of salt stress in rice and the subsequent activation of various physiological regulatory mechanisms, including osmotic regulation, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense system and nutrient balance, were analyzed in detail. In this review, we focus on several key Salt stress signaling pathways in rice, including the SOS (Salt Overly Sensitive) pathway, MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) cascade pathway and hormone regulatory pathway. These pathways play crucial roles in rice adaptation salt stress environment. By reviewing the existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the salt tolerance regulatory genes and their functions in rice, provide scientific basis on breeding salt-tolerant rice on these grounds, and as a reference in improving the yield and quality of rice under saline and alkaline environments.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of plant response to abiotic stress and accelerate the improvement of plant breeding, the application of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics in plant response to abiotic stress was summarized. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics technologies were analyzed. The research progresses of multi-omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics in plant response to abiotic stress in recent years were generalized by key points in this paper. It was pointed out that there were some problems in the application of multi-omics technology in plants, such as weak correlation, insufficient data mining and so on. The overall mechanism of plant response to abiotic stress should be fully elucidated by using multi-omics technology. It was suggested that multi-omics techniques should be integrated, and bioinformatics analysis methods should be strengthened.

To provide a reference for the in-depth research and utilization of coumarin compounds in the genus Heracleum, this review summarized the types and chemical structures of the identified coumarin compounds in the genus Heracleum, concluded the research progress in aspects of anti-bacteria, anti-oxidation, anti-cell proliferation, anti-inflammation, toxicity, etc, and comparatively analyzed the difference between relevant domestic and foreign researches. It revealed the diversity of coumarin compounds in the genus Heracleum and their values in medical and food industries. It proposed during the drug development process, there are problems, such as the research in its function is not deep or systemic enough, active ingredients are unclear, etc. It suggested fortifying research on its toxicity and efficacy and promoting the development and utilization of the genus Heracleum as a plant resource for foods and medicine.

Anoectochilus roxburghii is a rare and precious medicinal and ornamental plant of the Orchidaceae. It is favored by people for the rich variety of medicinal and nutritional components, and its market demand has been increasing in recent years. In order to promote the industrial development and basic research of A. roxburghii, this paper summarizes previous studies on A. roxburghii research, briefly compares the phylogenetic differences of Anoectochilus, focus on the research results of genomics (structural genomics/functional genomics) and adversity (biotic/abiotic interaction) response, analyzes the main factors affecting the quality of A. roxburghii (processing methods, cultivation models, strains). This paper systematically reviews the studies on germplasm resources, genomics, environmental interaction, quality difference and embryo reproduction that have not been carried out in depth, and puts forward corresponding strategies and prospects for the main problems and the solutions. It provides a feasible reference for the molecular biology research of precious medicinal plants in the era of big data.

The study aims to explore the relationship between age, musk-extracted time and yield, quality of musk, and to supplement the information of musk secretion mechanism, quality traits and appropriate musk-extracted time. Stratified Random Sampling method was used to observe and statistically analyze the musk yield and color, shape of 59 forest musk deer (1-5 years old). The results showed that there was no significant effect on musk yield by age and musk-extracted time, but the musk yield of forest musk deer of 2.7-3.7 years old was higher than that of other age groups; the average musk yield of adult musk deer (>2 years old) was (17.636±6.642) g, which was 4.129 g higher than that of bred musk deer (≤ 2 years old) (13.444±3.356) g (P=0.002<0.05); the average musk yield of adult musk deer in March was (19.955±7.267) g, which was 4.759 g higher than that in September (15.196±5.0113) g (P=0.023<0.05); although there was no significant difference between the observed group and control group (P=0.230>0.05), individual forest musk deer had higher musk yield and a larger yield range. The proportion of powdery musk was 61.02%, blocky musk was 6.78%, dry mud or mud musk was 15%~17%, brown musk was 52.54%, dark brown musk was 13.56%, dark tan and tan musk were respectively11.86%, light brown musk was 6.78%, and chocolate brown and black tan musk were 1.69%, respectively; the powdery musk (85%) of bred musk deer was higher than that of adult musk deer (48.72%), and the proportion of brown musk was the highest (60%, 51.28%); Powdery musk of adult musk in March and September were 35% and 63.16%, blocky musk was 5% and 15.79%, dry mud musk was 15% and 21.05%, mud musk was 45% and 0.00%, respectively. In summary, there was no significant correlation between different ages, musk-extracted time and musk yield, musk yield of adult musk deer was significantly higher than that of bred musk deer, and musk yield in March was significantly higher than that in September; the observed musk deer population had the characteristics of wider distribution of musk yield and higher yield, which indicated that years of breeding had promoted the separation of quantitative characters of musk yield, and provided a preliminary basis for the establishment of the core population later; brown and powdery musk accounted for the highest proportion, and the musk with mud and high water content collected in March was significantly higher than that in September.

The aim was to establish a method for the determination of twelve flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis. The HPLC method was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm) with a detection wavelength of 280 nm and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a sample volume of 10 μL. The established extraction and chromatographic conditions were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis. The linearity of the twelve flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis was good in the mass concentration range (r>0.98), and the average spiked recoveries of scutellarin, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, carthamidin, baicalin, luteolin, chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, apigenin, baicalein, wogonin，chrysin and oroxylin A were 99.7214%, 92.7039%, 103.9755%, 100.5837%, 92.4819%, 93.2465%, 99.6387%, 104.3866%, 95.0767%, 95.3245%, 92.2161%, 95.3995% (RSD<5). A method for the determination of twelve flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis was established, which was easy to operate, reproducible and accurate.

With the rapid development of aquaculture in China, the environmental problems caused by the discharge of aquaculture tailwater are becoming more and more serious. The treatment of aquaculture tailwater has emerged as a crucial research area in recent years. At present, the main methods of aquaculture tailwater treatments include physical, chemical, and biological treatments, which are often combined in practical production. Based on the research status at home and abroad, the physical, chemical and biological technologies of aquaculture tail water treatment were summarized and analyzed, and the development trend of aquaculture tail water treatment technology in China was prospected, aiming to provide some references and directions for aquaculture tail water treatment.

The aim of this study was to provide reference for the functional study of early nodulation protein ENOD93 in non-legumes. In this study, bioinformatics method was used to identify rice ENOD93 gene family. The physical and chemical properties, chromosome location, gene structure, protein structure, expression spectrum and evolutionary relationship of the members were analyzed. The results showed that there were 7 members of rice ENOD93 gene family, which were distributed on chromosomes 2 and 6, and the gene structure was relatively simple. Moreover, most ENOD93 genes are highly similar in the distribution and arrangement of conserved domain and motif. The results of RNA-Seq data analysis showed that ENOD93 gene family was highly expressed in pistils, seeds and embryos, and the expression level of some gene was induced by stress. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of nine monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, 31 ENOD93 gene family members were divided into four distinct groups. The expression of ENOD93 gene in rice was different in different tissues and at different developmental stages, and some genes were induced by stress, suggesting that ENOD93gene family was involved in the development process of many plant tissues and played an important role in the response to stress.

To analyze the current situation of carbon storage and carbon sink value in Yunnan Province, based on the data of the 4th Forest Resources Class II survey in Yunnan Province, the arbor forest biomass was estimated by IPCC method, and the AS index was constructed based on the age structure of the forest to assess the forest carbon sequestration potential of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the carbon storage of arbor forests in Yunnan Province was 1433.60 Tg, and the carbon sink value was 11180681.55×10⁴ yuan. The biomass and carbon storage of arbor forests were mainly concentrated in Yunnan pine, oak and other broad-leaved trees. The carbon stocks in the west of Yunnan Province were mainly concentrated in Pu’er City and Diqing Prefecture. The carbon stocks in the west of Yunnan Province were higher than those in the east, and the age structure of the forests showed a single peak with a right deviation. The AS index of Yunnan Province is 1.15, the stand is younger, forests are highly productive, the forest biomass is increasing, and the forest carbon sink potential is large.

To advance the application of genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the precise mining of the key genetic variation loci associated with important agronomic traits in cucurbit crops, this paper introduced the principles and statistical models of GWAS, outlined the advantages of GWAS in identifying genetic variation loci in crops populations, studying plant metabolic mechanisms and implementing precise genetic improvement strategies. It also systematically reviewed the recent advances of GWAS in the genetic improvement of major cucurbit crops such as watermelon, melon, cucumber, pumpkin or other kinds of cucurbit crops. Furthermore, it provided an outlook on the joint multi-omics analysis and database in breeding research of cucurbit crops, giving a basis and reference in the process of genetic improvement of cucurbit crops.

Allelopathy is a kind of plant interaction which exists widely in nature. This paper introduces allelopathy among plants, summarizes the classification of allelopathy substances, and the influencing factors of allelopathy. At the same time, in view of the mechanism of action of allelopathic substances, the effects on plant photosynthesis and the permeability of plant cell membrane are sorted out and reviewed, so as to provide reference for the subsequent research on allelopathy.

Chalkiness is one of the important indexes to evaluate the appearance quality of rice. It is a bad character that seriously affects the grinding, appearance and taste quality of rice, and plays an important role in the market value evaluation of rice. This paper summarized the effects of environmental factors, physiological mechanisms and genetic mechanisms on the formation of chalkiness in rice, and pointed out the difficulties existing in the improvement of chalkiness in rice breeding. Based on the current research results and the development of related technologies, some suggestions for improvement were put forward to provide a certain research basis for the production of high-quality rice.

Phytophthora infestans, which causes potato late blight, is one of the most destructive pathogens in potato production. Biocontrol agent (BCAs) as an alternative to chemical fungicides to control potato late blight is one of the important measures to ensure the sustainable development of potato production. In this paper, the research situation and characteristics of potato late blight were briefly reviewed, and the current researches of biocontrol microbes against potato late blight were summarized. The species, source, control effect, antibacterial active substances and action mechanism of the biocontrol microbes for P. infestans were systematically summarized from three levels of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The challenges and limitations of the development and application of biocontrol agents were analyzed. It was suggested that the future biological control of potato late blight should be further studied in four aspects: strengthening the defense function of potato, establishing the prediction model of late blight, paying attention to the population dynamics of biocontrol microorganisms and revealing the control mechanism of P. infestans. The aim is to provide reference for the development and application of biocontrol agents against potato late blight, and sustainable development of potato green industry.

Cotton is the most important cash crop in Xinjiang, and southern Xinjiang is the main cotton production area, which yield accounts for 80% of the whole Xinjiang. For a long time, the planting mode of "wet sowing and dry emergence" was widely adopted in the cotton areas of southern Xinjiang, which meant that in addition to conventional irrigation during the cotton growth period, winter irrigation and spring irrigation were also needed to play a role in pressing salt and improving soil moisture during the sowing period. However, with the continuous expansion of cultivated land area and the increasing shortage of water resources, the cotton production of southern Xinjiang began to try the cultivation method in northern Xinjiang of "dry sowing and wet emergence" to grow cotton, but the overall effect was not ideal. Through the literature review, this paper tries to explore the reasons for the ineffective implementation of the "dry sowing and wet emergence" cultivation method in southern Xinjiang, and puts forward possible solution strategies on this basis.

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Zhuji City, this study analyzed and evaluated the suitability of agricultural land in Zhuji City. Five indicators including elevation, slope, soil texture, organic matter content and water resources availability were selected to represent the suitability of agricultural land in Zhuji City, and corresponding evaluation models were established afterwards. In the single factor evaluation, the highly suitable areas for elevation, slope and water resource availability accounted for more than 30% of the total area, while the highly suitable areas for soil texture and organic matter content only accounted for less than 10%. While in the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural land, the proportion of highly suitable areas for cultivated land, garden land and forest land was about 40, and they were mainly distributed in the central area of Zhuji City, and the suitability of areas in the west, East and South Zhuji was lower. The above results can provide reference for the agricultural land planning of Zhuji City.

To comprehensively understand the current status and development trend of quinoa research at home and abroad in the past decade, this paper used bibliometric methods to comprehensively study the relevant literature on quinoa research, which were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022. The year of publication, research institutions, journal distribution, and subject field distribution of the literature were statistically analyzed, and the main research frontiers and hotspots of quinoa at home and abroad were summarized by keyword co-occurrence network analysis. The results show that quinoa research has been growing rapidly since 2013, “The International Year of Quinoa”, and has been in a period of rapid growth in the past three years. Although the research on quinoa started late in China, the number of published papers has surpassed that of the European and American countries, ranking first in the world. However, the paper quality needs to be further improved, and the average citation frequency is ranked after Germany, Italy, Chile, the United States and Spain. Foreign research institutions are mainly distributed in the origin area of quinoa in South America and developed countries in Europe and North America, while domestic research institutions are mainly concentrated in the quinoa planting areas such as Northwest China and North China. The distribution of journals is mainly in the field of food science, and the research hotspots are mainly focused on breeding and cultivation, nutritional quality, and processing characteristics. As a kind of healthy grain, quinoa is emerging in China, and promoting its industrialization has broad development prospects and application space.

This paper calculated the carbon emissions of Gansu Province and various regions from 2000 to 2020, and selected the proportion of secondary industry, per capita GDP, urbanization rate, energy consumption, energy consumption per 10000 yuan of GDP, scientific and technological input, industrial added value and other influencing factors for principal component analysis. Based on the Probit model, according to the economic development indicators of the 14th Five-Year Plan, three economic assumptions were made for GDP growth in each region, and carbon emissions and peak time from 2020 to 2040 were predicted. The results showed that the carbon emissions in Gansu Province increased continuously from 2000 to 2012, with an annual average growth rate of 7.3%. From 2013 to 2020, the carbon emissions showed a “U” growth rate, with an annual average growth rate of 1.9%. Carbon emissions were positively correlated with per capita GDP, urbanization rate and other factors, and negatively correlated with the proportion of secondary industry and energy consumption per 10000 yuan of GDP. Under the fast economy, only Linxia will achieve carbon peak in 2030 to 2035; under the benchmark economy, Dingxi and other four regions will achieve carbon peak in 2030 to 2035; under the green economy, Lanzhou and other four regions will achieve carbon peak in 2035 to 2040.

With the continuous development of China's aquaculture industry, the improvement of aquaculture tailwater treatment technology becomes more and more urgent. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of industrialized aquaculture, untreated aquaculture tailwater not only increases the mortality rate of aquatic organisms in the surrounding environment, but also leads to eutrophication of surrounding water bodies, thereby limiting the development of aquaculture industry and affecting industrial upgrading. The current research on tailwater treatment process, the technologies for screening of water purification materials and ozone disinfection, and the current situation of constructed wetland technology were summarized in this study, and on this basis, the prospects were put forward to provide reference for optimizing the water purification mode and realizing ecological priority and green development of the aquaculture industry.

In order to investigate the purification capacity of plants for aquaculture wastewater, the growth of fish and the application potential value of the Scortum barcoo and Fragaria orientalis aquaponics system, a Scortum barcoo and Fragaria orientalis aquaponics system was constructed by integrating recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and floating raft device, and key parameters was established according to the material balance principle. The experiment lasted for 69 days, and the results showed that the growth of fish was good, and the survival rate was 100% with the highest culture density of 13.01±1.36 kg/m³; and strawberry grew well with a total yield of 428.51±0.02 g. The average daily power consumption of the system was 12.49 kW·h. The results of water quality showed that ammonia nitrogen concentration was maintained at an average of 0.56±0.01 mg/L, nitrite nitrogen at an average of 0.175±0.019 mg/L, nitrate nitrogen at an average of 31.13±1.75 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen at an average of 7.38±0.61 mg/L. The average pH was pH 7.11± 0.58. The system ran stably and produced two kinds of economic products, providing technical support for the promotion of aquaponics system.

The basement membrane is a specialized structure of extracellular matrix, which exists in most tissues. It not only provides supporting structure for various cell types such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, but also plays an important role in maintaining the tissue structure and function. Matrigel is the soluble basement membrane preparation extracted from the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumors rich in extracellular matrix protein. It contains almost all components of the basement membrane and can mimic its biological properties, which becomes the crucial biological material for many experimental models in life science research, especially the important media of organoids. In this review, the biological characteristics of matrigel, its extraction and preparation technology, and its main uses are summarized, and its potential application fields and values are discussed. Additionally, the current status of its production both at home and abroad and the existing problems are analyzed, and the future development trend of matrigel production is prospected. This study aims to provide reference for the development and application of matrigel in China.

At present, we are faced with two world-class problems of “soil degradation” and “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization” target, both of which share a common point of carbon. What are the pathways for plants to absorb carbon? Can humans help achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization” through crops and agricultural operations? To gain a deeper understanding of the interrelationships among them, and to contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture and the achievement of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization” target, this article started from the above two issues and the perspective of the carbon element ecosystem cycle. By reading a large amount of literature, tracking academic frontiers, summarizing the pathways of plant carbon absorption and the application research of carbon rich organic fertilizers, the representative results of carbon absorption and utilization by plants were found as followed. (1) Plant nutrients included organic matter and minerals. (2) The carbon cycle pathway of the ecosystem had been improved: increasing the way for plants to directly absorb and utilize small molecule carbohydrates through their roots. That is, in the carbon cycle of the ecosystem, carbon could be transferred from soil to plants. (3) Carbon rich fertilizers mainly included humus, organic fertilizer, microbial organic fertilizer, organic carbon fertilizer, etc. According to the pathway that plants absorb carbon elements, plants could absorb small molecule carbohydrates through their roots. Farmers could increase organic matter in cultivated soil through farming operations, improve soil and promote crop growth, while helping to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”.

The cutting propagation technology experiment of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Petit Four’ with constant temperature substrate breeding system has been done. The effects of substrate temperature, micro spraying times, micro spraying duration and hormone treatment on the cutting rooting were studied with orthogonal design L₉(3⁴), so as to improve the breeding technology system of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Petit Four’. The results showed that by comprehensively analyzing the average rooting rate, average root length and average rooting number, the optimal horizontal combination was A₃B₂C₁D₁, that is, the substrate temperature was 25℃, the micro spraying was 2 times, the micro spraying duration was 5 minutes, soaked with IBA 200 mg/L for 10 minutes. The best treatment in this experiment was T8 treatment, with an average rooting rate of 91.08%, an average root length of 5.17 cm, and an average number of 6.36 roots.

Research on forage maize can effectively promote the development of animal husbandry. In order to accelerate the progress of forage maize, this paper reviewed the regulation mechanism and breeding process of quality protein maize. Meanwhile, the characteristics and breeding process of high protein silage maize were introduced in detail. The problems existing in the development of quality protein maize and high protein silage maize were pointed out, and some relevant suggestions were put forward in order to promote the structural reform of maize from food crop to feed crops in China.

In order to analyze the research progress and dynamics of denitrifying bacteria, we analyzed the research overview and development trend of denitrifying bacteria from 1990 to 2022 based on the core database of Web of Science, using tools such as VOSviewer and Citespace. The field has experienced three processes of origin, exploration and development. There are many countries involved but the cooperation is weak, among which the European countries have stronger regional cooperation and higher quality of publications; although China started late, it has developed rapidly, with a large number of publications but insufficient influence; among the core authors, academician Peng Yongzhen of China has published the most articles; and there is less cooperation and communication among the core authors. The keywords present three types of "tool-object-method", and the current research is mainly concerned with the performance of biological denitrification and dedicated to improving the denitrification efficiency of wastewater. Future research will pay more attention to the deepening and expansion of nitrogen oxide emission, the screening of new denitrifying bacteria, the development and application of denitrifying agents, research on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, and removal of nitrate nitrogen.

In order to provide new treatment methods and strategies for clinical prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the inherent resistance, acquired resistance and adaptive resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are summarized in this paper. With the mechanisms of different resistance, the characteristics, development trends and treatment methods of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance under different situations are also analyzed. This paper points out that Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance mainly depends on its high level of inherent and acquired resistance, while its adaptive resistance mainly depends on the formation of biofilm mediation and quorum sensing. It is proposed that clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance is not the result of a single resistance. In all, the most effective treatment strategy in the future is to carry out combination therapy based on traditional treatment and new treatment.

This paper aims to provide new ideas for exploring the internal mechanism of plant salt exclusion, screening of salt-exclusion plants and breeding of salt-exclusion crops. The authors review how plants cope with salt stress through salt-exclusion pathways such as tissue structure adaptation, signaling pathway and transporter gene regulation, clarify the key roles of casparian strip of endodermis, suberization of endodermis and exodermis of root, pericycle and xylem parenchyma in plant salt exclusion, and elucidate the species differences in tissue structure in plant salt exclusion. SOS pathway, NHX, HAK and HKT and other transporters play important regulatory roles in the process of plant salt exclusion. SOS pathway, NHX and HAK are ubiquitous in various types of root cells, mainly responsible for Na⁺ exclusion, transport and vacuole compartmentalization; HKT genes are mainly expressed in xylem parenchyma tissues, and it may play role of salt compartmentalization in xylem parenchyma.

Willow has attracted attention because of its medicinal value, ecological restoration capacity and potential as a bioenergy source. In recent years, many excellent willow varieties have been cultivated, and candidate genes related to economic traits and stress resistance have been identified in the genome of Salix. A large number of high-quality willow saplings can be obtained by establishing in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system, and the function of candidate genes can be studied. In order to have a clear understanding of different factors affecting willow regeneration and genetic transformation, this paper reviewed the research progress of willow in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation, including the selection of optimal medium for primary culture, subculture and rooting culture of different Salix species, the selection of optimal medium, hormone and explant type for callus induction, the effects of Agrobacterium type, concentration, infection time, preculture and co-culture time on genetic transformation, and the optimal concentration of kanamycin for selecting efficiency of genetic transformation. At present, there are still some difficulties in the regeneration and genetic transformation of willow callus. In this study, further research directions of willow callus regeneration and genetic transformation were discussed to provide reference for establishing the in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system of willow, and forming a foundation for the subsequent genetic engineering research and genetic improvement of willow.

MYB transcription factors are the largest family of transcription factors in plants, and one of their important functions is to regulate anthocyanin synthesis. In order to comprehensively understand the regulation of MYB transcription factors on anthocyanidin synthesis in Solanaceae, this paper summarized the research progress of MYB transcription factors related to anthocyanidin synthesis in seven solanaceous plants, including petunia, potato, tomato, chili, eggplant, tobacco and Lycium chinensis, in terms of gene isolation and cloning, spatio-temporal expression, regulatory mode, etc. By phylogenetic analysis of MYB transcription factors genes related to anthocyanin metabolism pathway in Solanaceae, the author found that activated and inhibited MYB transcription factors in different Solanaceae plants were clustered by functions. The key MYB transcription factor genes regulating anthocyanin synthesis in fruit, namely SlANT1, SmMYB1, StAN1 and StAN2 were preferentially clustered together, and then clustered with StMYBA1, SlAN2 and LrAN2-like. SlAN2-like, SmMYB2, StMYB113，LrMYB1 and CaMYB were clustered together. SlAN2 and SlMYB75 of tomato are identical genes with different names; SmMYB1, SmMYB6 and SmMYB113 of eggplant are the same MYB transcription factor genes with different names. In this paper we propose the further research direction of MYB transcription factor genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, providing reference for the analysis of tissue-specific regulation mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in Solanaceae vegetables, the improvement of fruit colors by gene regulation and gene engineering, etc.

To understand the soil nutrient status of 18 villages in the north of Ligezhuang Town of Jiaozhou City, so as to provide reference for scientific setting of fertilization methods and soil improvement in the construction of high-standard farmland. Soil nutrient content was detected in the study area. A total of 43 sampling points were set up to determine soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The general Kriging interpolation method of ArcGIS was applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in the study area. The index weights were determined by principal component analysis, and the soil fertility grades were divided by index sum method and the results were visualized. The results showed that: (1) the soil in the study area was mainly acidic and neutral. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was insufficient, and the content of available phosphorus was rich with medium available potassium. (2) Generally, pH values were low in the north and south, high in the middle, while low in the east but high in the west. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were higher in the east but lower in the west, indicating that they were significantly correlated. The distribution of available phosphorus was low in the east while high in the west, and that of available potassium was high in the east but low in the west. (3) The land areas of class Ⅰ-Ⅴ were 365.11, 545.80, 803.71, 547.93 and 390.85 hm², respectively, accounting for 13.76%, 20.57%, 30.29%, 20.65% and 14.73% of the total studied area. The overall soil fertility of the 18 villages in the north of Ligezhuang Town in Jiaozhou City was at a medium level, and it was abundant in the east but poor in the west. To control soil acidification and increase contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were of great significance for the next step of building high standard farmland.

To analyze the quality of cultivated and wild Gardenia jasminenoides from different habitats, the contents of medicinal components (gardenoside, chlorogenic acid, crocin-Ⅰand gardenia yellow pigment) among G. jasminenoides from different localities were determined by HPLC, and taking each component as indexes for cluster analysis. The results showed that the 13 different kinds of G. jasminenoides fruits were all containing gardenoside, chlorogenic acid, crocin-Ⅰand gardenia yellow pigment, but the content of each ingredient was different, in which the content of gardenia yellow pigment was the highest, and the content of chlorogenic acid was the least. The contents of gardenoside and chlorogenic acid in No.7 (Dawu County) were the highest, reaching 125.95 mg/g and 2.71 mg/g respectively. The contents of crocin-Ⅰand gardenia yellow were the highest in No.2 (Liuyang County). G. jasminenoides No.7 (Dawu County) and No.2 (Liuyang County) had relatively high content of main components, which could be used as research materials for breeding.

Agro-ecosystem is not only one of the important contributors to greenhouse gases, but also plays an important role in carbon sequestration and emission reduction. Under the background of “CO₂ emission peak” and “carbon neutrality”, agro-ecosystem has great potential for carbon sequestration and emission reduction. In this paper, we mainly reviewed the sources, fixed pathways, and influencing factors of main greenhouse gases in China’s typical agro-ecological types. Meantime, the specific contents were discussed including the existing research results, emission reduction potential and existing problems of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agro-ecosystem. New research directions and exploration approaches were summarized to promote the research in the field of carbon sequestration in the entire agroecological system. It provided an important theoretical reference for China to further carbon sequestration and emission reduction, sustainable development of agriculture, and the realization of the “double carbon” goal as soon as possible.