In the context of global climate warming and evolving agricultural practices, cases of premature sowing and cultivation in rice production have increased. This study focuses on Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, utilizing 43 years of observational data from the Keqiao National First-Class Agrometeorological Observation Station, combined with field surveys of current agricultural sowing practices. Five phased sowing schemes for machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice were developed. Analyze the probabilities of agrometeorological disasters occurring at different developmental stages for machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice under various sowing dates, and determine the suitable sowing periods for both machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice based on the principle of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages. The results showed that the suitable sowing period for machine-transplanted early rice in Keqiao, Shaoxing City is from late March to early April, and the suitable sowing date for direct-seeded early rice is from early April to early mid-April. This provides a scientific basis for farmers to reasonably arrange the production and planting of machine-transplanted and direct-seeded early rice, as well as to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages under climate change.
To explore the effect of plant endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA) on maize grain quality under nitrogen reduction conditions, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Xihua County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. Four major summer maize cultivars, including ‘ZD958’, ‘LP638’, ‘YF303’ and ‘QL368’, were selected as experimental materials, and three N application of 225, 180 and 90 kg/hm2, and two foliar ABA treatments of no foliar ABA and foliar ABA were setup. The effect of foliar ABA under the different nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and quality among the varieties was researched. The results showed that the grain yield reduced under the nitrogen fertilization reduction, and spraying ABA had no significant effect on yield. ‘QL368’ had the lowest yield of 8.62 t/hm2. The yield of ‘YF303’ treated with normal nitrogen without ABA was the highest, and there was no significant difference between ‘YF303’ treated with normal nitrogen and ABA. The total starch content and yield were the highest at 225 kg/hm2, which were 74.96 % and 7.08t/hm2 respectively, same trend as the amylopectin content among the nitrogen treatments. It had no effect on the protein yield and gliadin, glutenin and crude fat content among N treatments. Foliar ABA decreased the grain starch and its component content and yield, protein yield, and crude fiber content. ‘YF303’ had the highest starch and its component content and yield, and ‘QL368’ had the highest protein content and protein but lowest crude fiber content. Among the treatments, under N application of 225 kg/hm2 and foliar ABA, ‘YF303’ had the highest total starch content and yield, amylopectin and protein yield. Thus, in this condition, N application 225 kg/hm2 and foliar 40 mg/L ABA solution 2000 L/hm2 3 d after silking could increase grain yield, total starch content, and starch, amylopectin and protein yield of ‘YF303’, therefore resulting in high yield and quality in the maize productions.
Soil salinization is a global ecological environment problem, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture, especially in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation area, which significantly affects the yield and quality of maize. This study aimed to analyze the response mechanism of different silage maize varieties under salt stress, and then screen out high yield and good quality varieties with strong salt-tolerance ability. Nine silage maize varieties were used as test materials. The germination test of salt-tolerant seeds in indoor hydroponics and in-situ identification test in the field were carried out. Salt tolerance was evaluated by analyzing the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indexes of different varieties using principal component analysis and membership function method. The results showed that 180 mmol/L NaCl treatment could effectively distinguish the differences of salt tolerance among varieties, with an average salt damage index of 42.16% and a coefficient of variation of 51.16%. Correlation analysis showed that dry matter, ear diameter, axis diameter and grain yield could significantly affect the nutritional quality of silage maize, and starch content was positively correlated with grain weight per cob (P<0.05). The cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components extracted by principal component analysis reached 91.483%. It fully reflects the comprehensive salt tolerance of the variety. Of which, ‘Kehe 699’, ‘Yinyu 238’ and ‘Huayi 1204’ had the best salt tolerance, with D-values of 0.607, 0.591 and 0.531, respectively. Among them, the plant height of ‘Kehe 699’ was 325.17 cm, dry matter mass was 290.27 g, and the grain yield reached 9.82 t/hm2, which were significantly higher than the control variety. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the above three varieties had outstanding salt tolerance, biomass accumulation ability and yield potential, and were suitable for planting as whole-plant silage maize varieties in moderate saline-alkali land of the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area.
To find out the enrichment characteristics of functional elements of selenium, zinc and iron in rice, which have great influence on human health, and promote the development of functional agriculture, the leaf surface application of selenium (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) was carried out on the leading hybrid high quality rice ‘Yexiang Youbasi’ (B1) and conventional high quality rice ‘Baixiang 139’ (B2) by split zone design. The results showed that the experimental treatment significantly increased the selenium content of rice and rice straw. The average selenium content of B2 rice was significantly higher than that of B1 by 17.2%. There was no significant difference in the average selenium content of rice straw between B1 and B2. B1 rice had a stronger tolerance to high exogenous selenium stress than B2, and B2 rice straw had a stronger tolerance to high exogenous selenium stress than B1. The interaction effect of A4×B2 and A4×B1 (applied 1.5 times selenium) on the difference in selenium content between B1 and B2 rice was extremely significant. A1×B1 and A1×B2 (without selenium application) had no significant effect on the difference in selenium content between B1 and B2 rice, indicating that exogenous selenium had an impact on the difference in selenium enrichment between rice varieties (combinations). Foliar application of selenium had no significant effect on the zinc and iron content of rice, but increased the difference in zinc enrichment between B1 and B2 rice and reduced the difference in iron enrichment between B1 and B2 rice. This suggested that exogenous selenium also had an impact on the differences in zinc and iron enrichment between rice varieties (combinations). B1 rice had significantly stronger zinc enrichment than B2 rice, while B1 and B2 rice had comparable iron enrichment. Exogenous selenium had different effects on the enrichment of selenium, zinc and iron in rice, and also affected the difference in the enrichment ability of selenium, zinc and iron among rice varieties. It was worth paying attention to the evaluation and screening of rice varieties (combinations) rich in selenium, zinc and iron.
To investigate the effects of different canopy densities of Eucalyptus on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Alpinia galanga, four different canopy densities (high canopy density>0.7, medium canopy density 0.4-0.7, low canopy density 0.2-0.4, and no shading) of Eucalyptus were used as experimental subjects for understory intercropping. The photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of A. galanga were evaluated. The results showed that the photosynthetic efficiency (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of A. galanga were the highest and the photosynthetic efficiency was the best under no shading treatment, and the yield of rhizome was significantly higher than that of other treatments, showing no shading > low canopy density > medium canopy density > high canopy density. However, under the high canopy density treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of A. galanga decreased, the yield was the lowest, and the flavonoid content in the rhizome of A. galanga significantly increased, reaching the highest level and improving its quality. Pn was significantly positively correlated with the yield, and negatively correlated with the flavonoid content. Stomatal conductance was positively correlated with the yield. This study indicates that enhancing Pn and Gs is crucial for increasing the yield in A. galanga, low canopy closure is more conducive to yield increasing, while high canopy density is beneficial for improving quality.
To reduce the white pollution of farmland and promote the sustainable development of agricultural ecology, this study selected 117 farmland sample plots from 9 typical agricultural counties, including east, central, west and north of Henan, to investigate the residual plastic film in farmland, and the effects of key factors such as film mulching years, tillage methods and crop types were analyzed emphatically. The results showed that the residual amount of plastic film in typical agricultural areas of Henan Province ranged from 0 to 11 kg/hm2, with an average value of 2.72 kg/hm2. The plastic film residual amount under the mechanical film mulching method was 8.8% higher than that of the manual method. With the increase of film mulching years and use time, the residual amount of plastic film in farmland showed an increasing trend. There were significant differences in plastic film residues in plots planted with different crop types, the residual amount of plastic film in garlic field was the highest (3.07 kg/hm2), and the residual amount of plastic film in sandy soil was also higher (3.17 kg/hm2), which was significantly higher than that in fluidic soil, clay and loam. The residual amount of plastic film in large-scale farmland was higher than that in small-scale farmland, and plastic film residue in fields was higher than that in greenhouses. Mulched crops, mulching duration, and mulching methods are the main factors affecting the residual amount of plastic film. In general, the residual amount of plastic film in farmland in typical agricultural areas of Henan Province is at a low level, which is mainly due to the application of thickened high-strength plastic film, fully biodegradable plastic film and residual film mechanical recovery technology in Henan Province. The results of this study provide an empirical basis for Henan Province to formulate a scientific and reasonable farmland plastic film management strategy, and also provide a useful reference for the prevention and control of plastic film pollution in similar agricultural areas in China.
Soil taxonomic classification serves as the foundation for soil resource management. The Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) emphasizes the quantitative classification system centered on diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics. In view of the insufficient research on the systematic classification model of coastal saline-alkali soil in Cangzhou City, the study aims to clarify the systematic classification of soils in this region by establishing key diagnostic indicators, which based on the data from the Third National Soil Census and adopted the CST standards. The paper seeks to improve the classification system of coastal saline soil and clarify the systematic classification of soil in this area, providing scientific basis for land resource management. 10 representative soil profiles were selected for this study. Field morphological descriptions, laboratory physicochemical analyses (including clay content, pH, organic carbon, salinity, etc.), and identification of diagnostic horizons/features (such as thin surface horizons, cambic horizons, and salt/alkali accumulation phenomena) were conducted. Systematic classification was performed according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy Key to Soil Classification (Third Edition), and basic units were established with reference to the criteria of soil family and soil series. The results showed that the 10 profiles were classified into 3 soil orders (Halosols,Gleysol, Cambisols), 5 suborders (orthic saline, alkalic saline, gleyic, etc.), 5 soil great groups, and 6 soil subgroups. Ten soil series (e.g., Wangqin Series, Xingang Series, etc.) were established for the first time, and regional classification auxiliary criteria were proposed based on clay mineral types (illitic, siliceous mixed) and salinization/alkalization indicators (e.g., HH27 gley features, HX06 alkalic horizon). It was clarified that high clay layers in the alluvial parent material of the ancient Yellow River are not products of clay illuviation, and high calcium carbonate layers are primary calcic horizons, necessitating comprehensive judgment based on soil-forming environments. This study fills the classification gap of coastal saline-alkali soils in Cangzhou within the CST system, revealing the critical influence of salt migration and parent material inheritance on classification. It provides a quantitative and classified basis for regional saline-alkali soil improvement, ecological restoration, and agricultural layout.
The development of alfalfa industry is an important strategy for enhancing the comprehensive benefits of agricultural and animal husbandry, and improving the ecological environment in the valley regions of Xizang. Soil nutrients and microbial communities serve as key indicators for assessing ecological environment, but the effects of long-term planting of alfalfa on soil properties in the Lhasa River Valley of Xizang are still lack of in-depth study. We used alfalfa artificial grasslands with different cultivation years (2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years) as the research object, with oat artificial grasslands and natural floodplain areas as control, to explore changing trends of the soil nutrient level and microbial community characteristics. The results showed that: (1) planting alfalfa increased soil C and N contents, and the content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen were significantly different from that of the oat artificial grassland and river bank land after 5 and 6 years of cultivation (P<0.05). (2)There were no significant differences in bacterial OTU richness and diversity among the plots, while fungal communities showed significant variations. Among them, the alfalfa plots with 5, 6 and 7 years cultivation showed significantly higher fungal OTU richness, fungal species number, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou evenness index compared to the oat artificial grassland (P<0.05). In contrast, the 4-year alfalfa plot only exhibited a significant increase in fungal OTU richness. Moreover, both fungal OTU richness and diversity indices gradually increased with increasing the planting year of alfalfa. (3) The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla/genera were highly similar across all plots, but their relative abundances varied significantly. Notably, the relative abundance of beneficial microbial phyla and genera gradually increased with longer alfalfa cultivation duration. (4) The richness of bacterial and fungal OTUs exhibited significant positive correlations with soil nitrogen and carbon metrics, including TN, NO3--N, STN, DOC, DON and MBN, indicating that microbial community richness was enhanced with elevation of nutrient content. Dominant bacterial genera were primarily driven by SOC and available phosphorus (AP), whereas fungal genera showed stronger associations with soil carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios, highlighting distinct nutrient response strategies between microbial kingdoms. Meanwhile, the bacterial Simpson diversity index increased significantly with soil nitrogen content, which indicated that nitrogen enrichment promotes bacterial community diversity. In terms of planting years, the combined benefits of alfalfa planted for 5 and 6 years were significantly better than the treatment of 2 years in terms of improving soil quality and enhancing microbial diversity (e.g., nutrient cycling and biodiversity restoration). This study underscores alfalfa’s pivotal role in plateau ecosystem recovery of the Lhasa River Valley Plateau, and clarifies that the optimal planting period is 5-6 years, which provides scientific basis and practical guidance for soil improvement, ecological reconstruction and sustainable development of alfalfa grass industry in this area. The research results can provide reference for the construction of artificial grassland in alpine valleys and promote ecological restoration and sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
As a national commercial grain base, the soil health of green rice planting areas in Jilin Province is crucial for ensuring food security and ecological safety. This study systematically analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of soil pH and heavy metal (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr) contents, along with their correlations, across 42 green rice planting areas in Jilin Province. The results indicated that the soil pH in the study area ranged from 4.6 to 10, with a mean pH value of 7.23 and significant spatial heterogeneity (standard deviation of 1.21). The analysis of heavy metal content revealed that the mean concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr were 0.1094, 0.043, 8.1, 21.79 and 49.23 mg/kg, respectively. Notably, the levels of Cd and Hg approached or exceeded the screening values for soil environmental risks in certain areas. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative relationship between soil pH and heavy metal contents (P<0.01), particularly for Cd (r=-0.387) and Hg (r=-0.627), suggesting that increased pH could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. Further spatial analysis revealed a coupling relationship between heavy metals and pH, indicating significant overlap between low pH regions and areas with high heavy metal content. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations for acidic soil amendment (with a suggested lime application rate of 1500-3000 kg/hm2) and the establishment of a comprehensive heavy metal—pH monitoring network are proposed. These measures could serve as a scientific basis for soil pollution prevention and control, as well as for sustainable agricultural development in the green rice growing areas of Jilin Province.
In order to discuss the impact of meteorological factors on peanut yield in Liaocheng City and evaluate the relationship between peanut yield and meteorological factors, experiments were conducted on large-seeded peanut varieties ‘Huayu 25’ and small-seeded peanut varieties ‘Huayu 20’ from 2013 to 2023 at Chiping Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main stem height, lateral branch length and branch number were measured at the full fruit maturity stage, and the full fruit number per plant, fruit number per plant and pod yield per unit area were calculated at harvest. Based on meteorological data including precipitation, sunshine duration, and mean temperature during the peanut growth period, we explored the effect of meteorological factors on peanut yield in Liaocheng. The main results indicated that (1) the precipitation, sunshine duration, mean temperature, high temperature days, and super high temperature days in Liaocheng City all showed an increasing trend during the peanut growth period. (2)There was a highly significant positive correlation between the yield of ‘Huayu 25’ and the precipitation before sowing, and a significant negative correlation with the sunshine duration before sowing, the sunshine duration and the mean temperature during the flowering and needling stage. There was no significant relationship between the yield of ‘Huayu 20’ and meteorological factors at different growth stages. (3)The meteorological elements significantly related to the yield of ‘Huayu 25’ were arranged in descending order of correlation: precipitation in early May (0.838)>sunshine in late June (-0.756)>temperature in late June (-0.684)>precipitation in mid September (-0.644)>sunshine in early May (-0.623)>precipitation in early August (0.617). The meteorological elements significantly related to the yield of Huayu 20 were arranged in descending order of correlation: temperature in late July (-0.694)>temperature in mid July (-0.627). In summary, the production of large-seed peanut varieties is more susceptible to environmental impact, and the climate production potential is higher than that of small-seed peanut varieties. Among the meteorological factors affecting the yield of peanuts in Liaocheng, high temperature and precipitation are the main factors, and sunshine hours are the secondary factors.
To improve the resistance of rice cultivar ‘Yunjing 37’ to Manaporthe oryzae, the rice cultivar ‘Yunjing 37’ was used as the recurrent parent. By employing a combination of conventional hybridization, backcrossing, selfing, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies, the blast resistance genes Pi57 and Pi69 were pyramided into the japonica cultivar ‘Yunjing 37’. M. oryzae strains virulent to ‘Yunjing 37’ were used to evaluate the blast resistance of BC2F3 lines containing homozygous Pi57+Pi69, Pi57 or Pi69, as well as their parental materials, through artificial spray inoculation at the seedling stage. Results showed that plants possessing homozygous Pi57+Pi69 were resistant to all blast strains used in this study, while those lines containing only homozygous Pi57 or Pi69 exhibited resistance or susceptible reactions consistent with their donor parents. These results indicated that pyramiding of blast resistance genes can significantly enhance the resistance of rice varieties against M. oryzae. The newly developed materials will provide valuable germplasm resources for blast-resistant rice breeding.
This study aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of yeast supplementation in diets for laying hens to improve their production performance and solve the problem of unclear yeast working mechanism using transcriptomics and genomics technologies. Compared to the basal diet group, yeast supplementation in laying hen diets increased the Chao and Shannon indices of the cecal microbiota (P>0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased in the yeast-supplemented group (P>0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides distasonis, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium also increased (P>0.05). Additionally, the relative abundance of Rikenella was significantly decreased compared to the basal diet group (P≤0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 329 genes were differentially expressed in ileal mucosal tissues, with 184 genes upregulated and 145 genes down regulated. These changes together improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nutrients in diets for laying hens. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of yeast in improving the diets utilization rate of laying hens by regulating the structure of cecal microbiota and the expression of key genes in ileum mucosa, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of yeast as a green and safe new antibiotic substitute.
In order to clarify the types of eggplant soil-borne diseases and the antagonistic effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082 on eggplant, the pathogen of eggplant wilt disease was isolated and purified by tissue separation method, and its pathogenicity was verified by soil inoculation. The pathogen of wilt disease was identified by combining morphology and molecular biology. The effects of C. globosum CEF-082 and fermentation broth on the hyphal growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogen were determined by confrontation culture method, drug containing medium method, and microscopic observation method. The control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on eggplant soil borne diseases was clarified through pot experiments. The results showed that the pathogens causing eggplant wilting were Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium solani and Phomopsis vexans. The inhibitory effect of C. globosum CEF-082 and its fermentation broth had significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth and spore germination of V. dahliae and F. solani, while the inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of P. vexans was moderate. The inhibitory rates of the 10% fermentation broth on spore germination of V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans were 70.63%, 69.93% and 67.69%, respectively. In the pot experiments, within 30 days after application, the control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant ranged from 46.95% to 55.68%, 39.44% to 46.43%, and 71.78% to 95.19%, respectively. In conclusion, C. globosum CEF-082 has significant antagonistic and control effects on V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans, providing a new approach for the green control of soil-borne diseases such as Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant.
In order to identify safe and efficient foliar herbicides suitable for cotton fields in Hubei Province, the effect and safety of 9 herbicides on weed control and cotton yield were compared and analyzed in this study by directional spray of stems and leaves after seedling. The results showed that 21 days after treatments, the control effect of 30% topramezone SC 27 ga.i./hm2, 5% imazethapyr AS 100 ga.i./hm2, 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2, 51% flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2 and 50% prometryn WP 1050 ga.i./hm2 on total grass fresh weight in cotton field were 99.40%, 86.07%, 91.17%, 98.81% and 99.34%, respectively. It was significantly higher than 25% sulfonsulfuron WG 26 ga.i./hm2, 15% nitrone SC 190 ga.i./hm2 and 10% pyrisulfuron WP 30 ga.i./hm2. Yield analysis indicated that all herbicide treatments significantly increased the yield of ‘Gangmian 13’ cotton, with 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2 and 51% flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2, showing the greatest yield increase. Safety evaluation revealed that only 15% mesotrione SC 190 ga.i./hm2 posed potential risks to cotton, manifested as a significant reduction in root diameter. Field demonstration (compared to manual weeding) confirmed that both 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2 and flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2 enhanced the yield of ‘Gangmian 13’. In conclusion, 21% glufosinate-P SL and 51% flumioxazin WG applied via directional foliar spraying at tested rates are recommended for weed control in cotton fields. This approach delivers significant efficacy while maintaining crop safety.
This paper focuses on the application of UAV remote sensing in crop nitrogen diagnosis, and comprehensively summarizes the development of nitrogen diagnosis technology from traditional nitrogen diagnosis technology, diagnosis technology based on digital image analysis to diagnosis technology of UAV remote sensing. The research and application progress of UAV remote sensing technology in nitrogen diagnosis of various crops are deeply analyzed. It is pointed out that the technology has the advantages of strong mobility, high degree of automation, non-destructive and high efficiency in precision agriculture. At the same time, the current challenges of the technology are objectively analyzed, such as massive data processing, limited model generalization ability, high application cost, and vulnerability to environmental interference. Finally, the future directions of deepening the mechanism and innovation model, breaking through the bottleneck of core technology, building intelligent application ecology, and promoting standardization and scale are prospected, aiming to provide theoretical support for promoting the in-depth application of UAV remote sensing technology in the field of precision agriculture.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the preservation technology of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoots after picking, the alleviating effects of different low temperature preservation methods on the lignification process of D. brandisii shoots after harvesting were investigated. In this study, the bamboo shoots of D. brandisii from low hilly forest in Guangxi were used as research materials to analyze the changes of lignin, crude fiber content and key enzyme activity of lignin synthesis within 0-10 days after low temperature (4℃) vacuum storage and low temperature sealed storage. The results showed that the contents of lignin and crude fiber in bamboo shoots increased in different degrees within 1-10 d under the two cryopreservation methods. Vacuum treatment could effectively inhibit the synthesis of 43.21% lignin and 28.61% crude fiber. The total phenol content under vacuum treatment always maintained a continuous downward trend, while the total phenolic content decreased under sealing treatment until the 5th day and showed a certain degree of recovery. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity of bamboo shoots under the two treatments showed a trend of decreasing first and then slowly increasing within 0-2 d, and the PAL activity under vacuum treatment was significantly lower than that under sealing treatment from the 3rd day (P<0.001). Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that lignin, crude fiber and PAL activity were positively correlated with storage days, and negatively correlated with total phenols. The results showed that total phenol, lignin, crude fiber content and PAL activity were the main response indexes in the lignification process of D. brandisii shoots after harvesting. The physical preservation method of 4℃ low temperature vacuum preservation can effectively delay the lignification process and the rapid decline of taste quality of bamboo shoots.
In order to study the effects of cultivation models on the growth, nutrition and taste of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis), P. sinensis cultured in two different modes (paddy-field cultivation and pond intensive cultivation) were used to evaluate the growth performance, fatty acid nutrition and taste. The results showed that in paddy-field cultivation model, the specific growth rate (SGR) of P. sinensis was significantly higher than that in intensive pond culture by 82% (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient (FCR) was significantly reduced by 8% (P<0.05). The fatty acid nutritional value of P. sinensis was high in both cultivation models. In pond intensive cultivation model, the ratios of SFA/TFA (40.63%), PUFA/SFA (0.777:1), and SFA/MUFA/PUFA (1.28:0.86:1.00), as well as the AI, TI, and HH (0.500, 0.212, 2.087) in muscle were better than those in paddy-field cultivation model. Texture analysis revealed that the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of muscles and calipash of P. sinensis cultured in paddy-field cultivation model were significantly higher than in the pond-intensive model, whereas there were no significant differences in adhesiveness, resilience and springiness. In summary, the growth performance of P. sinensis under paddy field cultivation model was better and the muscle was chewy. And in pond-intensive cultivation model, the fatty acid nutritional value was higher and the muscle was tender and juicy.
To reveal the evolution of research hotspots, the characteristics of knowledge structure, and future development trends in this field, a total of 806 Chinese publications and 2757 English publications related to scale insect (Coccoidea) research over the past three decades (1994—2024) were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, respectively. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were employed to conduct visual analyses of publication outputs, countries, institutions, author collaboration networks, source journals, as well as keyword co-occurrence, clustering, temporal evolution, and burst detection. The annual publication output exhibited an overall wavelike upward trend with periodic fluctuations. Among contributing nations, the United States, China, India, and Brazil emerged as the most prolific countries in terms of publication volume. Chinese literature mainly focuses on the description of new species of scale insects and their occurrence patterns, while English literature is more oriented towards biological control research, particularly in-depth discussions on natural enemies and host plants. The forefront of domestic research includes host plants and chemical control methods, whereas current international research hotspots involve plant pest, plant health, and pest risk. The visual maps presented intuitively depict the overall status of scale insect research over the past 30 years, indicating that research in this field is gradually deepening and developing well. However, current studies are primarily concentrated on new species descriptions and chemical and biological control, and it is urgent to strengthen the integration of basic research and application, particularly in the design and development of behavior-modulating agents targeting odorant receptors.
