
Effects of Planting Density on Grain Filling Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize
YANGMeili, WANGBangtai, LUHongwei, CHENGJianmei, SUYujie, ZHAOShuzheng, ZHANGXiaochun, CHENGCui, QINGuiwen
Effects of Planting Density on Grain Filling Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize
In order to clarify the effects of planting density on the grain filling characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of different maize varieties, in this study, the medium-high yield maize varieties ‘Yongyou 1573’ and ‘Yongyou 1593’ were used as experimental materials in 2021-2022, and three densities of 60000, 75000, 90000 plants/hm2 were set. The results showed that under different planting densities, the 100-grain weight showed a "fast increase-slow increase" rising trend, and the grain filling rate showed a single peak curve of "first increase and then decrease", and the peak filling appeared about 22 days after pollination. Increasing the planting density significantly reduced the theoretical maximum 100-grain weight (a), the maximum grain filling rate (Rmax), the average grain filling rate (Rmean) and the grain weight (Wmax) when the grain filling reached the maximum rate, and the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the 100-grain weight, the number of grains per ear, Wmax, Rmax and Rmean. After pollination, the dry matter accumulation of plants decreased with the increase of density, and the decrease of high density was more significant. The proportion of vegetative organs of plants in the early stage of filling was relatively large. The proportion of each organ of plants in the middle and late stage of filling was in the order of grain>stem sheath>leaf>ear axis>bract, and the contribution rate of stem sheath dry weight to grain yield was the largest. Increasing planting density reduced the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear and yield per plant of different maize varieties, and increased the bald tip length. The yield per unit area was the highest at the density of 75000 plants/hm2. There were differences among varieties. The 100-grain weight of ‘Yongyou 1573’ was less than that of ‘Yongyou 1593’, and the grain number per ear and yield per unit area were greater than the latter, indicating that the 100-grain weight and grain number per ear jointly affected the yield per unit area. This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of optimum planting density and the improvement of corn yield, and also has theoretical guiding significance for the realization of high efficiency and yield increase of summer corn in northern Henan.
corn / planting density / grouting characteristics / dry matter accumulation / yield {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 不同密度下玉米灌浆过程拟合方程参数和特征参数 |
年份 | 品种 | 密度 | a | b | k | R2 | Tmax/d | Wmax/g | Rmax/(g/d) | Rmean/(g/d) | P/d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021年 | 永优1573 | M1 | 39.4888 | 14.8085 | 0.1051 | 0.9982 | 25.6441 | 19.7444 | 4.1503 | 1.3024 | 57.0885 |
M2 | 37.4199 | 14.5080 | 0.1044 | 0.9973 | 25.6197 | 18.7100 | 3.9066 | 1.2340 | 57.4713 | ||
M3 | 34.0635 | 14.5909 | 0.1056 | 0.9958 | 25.3826 | 17.0318 | 3.5971 | 1.1342 | 56.8182 | ||
永优1593 | M1 | 42.5167 | 13.2222 | 0.0982 | 0.9981 | 26.2923 | 21.2584 | 4.1751 | 1.3590 | 61.0998 | |
M2 | 39.9532 | 13.1695 | 0.0985 | 0.9968 | 26.1716 | 19.9766 | 3.9354 | 1.2827 | 60.9137 | ||
M3 | 36.2213 | 14.7096 | 0.1046 | 0.9974 | 25.7027 | 18.1107 | 3.7887 | 1.1915 | 57.3614 | ||
2022年 | 永优1573 | M1 | 39.5254 | 14.4949 | 0.1028 | 0.9972 | 26.0097 | 19.7627 | 4.0632 | 1.2838 | 58.3658 |
M2 | 37.8886 | 15.8157 | 0.1056 | 0.9971 | 26.1458 | 18.9443 | 4.0010 | 1.2299 | 56.8182 | ||
M3 | 35.7942 | 15.6129 | 0.1027 | 0.9960 | 26.7585 | 17.8971 | 3.6761 | 1.1346 | 58.4226 | ||
永优1593 | M1 | 42.1175 | 13.2090 | 0.0979 | 0.9966 | 26.3626 | 21.0588 | 4.1233 | 1.3426 | 61.2870 | |
M2 | 39.9695 | 14.0680 | 0.1001 | 0.9962 | 26.4126 | 19.9848 | 4.0009 | 1.2763 | 59.9401 | ||
M3 | 37.0298 | 14.4530 | 0.0996 | 0.9961 | 26.8163 | 18.5149 | 3.6882 | 1.1664 | 60.2410 |
表2 不同密度下玉米产量及其构成因素方差分析 |
年份 | 品种名称 | 密度 | 穗长/cm | 穗粗/cm | 秃尖长/cm | 穗粒数 | 百粒重/g | 单株产量/g | 单位面积产量/(t/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021年 | 永优1573 | M1 | 17.47ab | 5.87a | 1.87ab | 653.44a | 42.9cd | 280.45a | 16.83b |
M2 | 17.20b | 5.83a | 2.10ab | 609.08b | 42.35de | 258.03b | 19.35a | ||
M3 | 16.27b | 5.67a | 2.50a | 504.34de | 41.19e | 207.78c | 18.70a | ||
永优1593 | M1 | 19.47a | 5.33b | 0.50c | 569.36bc | 48.18a | 274.25ab | 16.45b | |
M2 | 19.30a | 5.27b | 1.20bc | 545.08cd | 46.64b | 254.10b | 19.05a | ||
M3 | 18.20ab | 5.20b | 1.90ab | 471.37e | 43.69c | 205.91c | 18.53a | ||
2022年 | 永优1573 | M1 | 17.17b | 5.77a | 1.83ab | 657.05a | 42.34c | 278.09a | 16.69c |
M2 | 17.07b | 5.60ab | 1.97ab | 614.37b | 41.33c | 253.87c | 19.04ab | ||
M3 | 15.97c | 5.47bc | 2.67a | 528.86e | 39.79d | 213.99d | 19.26a | ||
永优1593 | M1 | 19.13a | 5.30cd | 0.73c | 577.01c | 46.27a | 266.75b | 16.00c | |
M2 | 18.83a | 5.17d | 1.30bc | 549.03d | 44.99b | 246.98c | 18.52ab | ||
M3 | 17.67b | 5.10d | 1.53bc | 477.07f | 42.09c | 203.99d | 18.36b | ||
显著性 | 年份 | n | * | n | n | * | n | n | |
密度 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | ||
品种 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
互作 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。**表示在p<0.01水平差异显著,*表示在p<0.05水平差异显著,ns表示差异不显著。 |
表3 玉米籽粒灌浆特征参数与单株产量和产量构成因素相关性分析 |
品种 | 永优1593 | 穗粗 | 秃尖长 | 穗粒数 | 百粒重 | 单株产量 | a | Tmax | Wmax | Rmax | Rmean | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
永优1573 | 穗长 | 0.90** | -0.79* | 0.90** | 0.98** | 0.96** | 0.83* | -0.16 | 0.83* | 0.69 | 0.78* | 0.88** |
穗粗 | 0.82* | 穗粗 | -0.77* | 0.77* | 0.94** | 0.86* | 0.76* | -0.21 | 0.76* | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.79* |
秃尖长 | -0.96** | -0.71 | 秃尖长 | -0.90** | -0.83* | -0.91** | -0.99** | 0.40 | -0.99** | -0.95** | -0.98** | -0.71 |
穗粒数 | 0.93** | 0.66 | -0.96** | 穗粒数 | 0.86* | 0.98** | 0.94** | -0.45 | 0.94** | 0.90** | 0.94** | 0.70 |
百粒重 | 0.92** | 0.97** | -0.86* | 0.79* | 百粒重 | 0.94** | 0.85* | -0.08 | 0.85* | 0.71 | 0.79* | 0.91** |
单株产量 | 0.96** | 0.75 | -0.97** | 0.99** | 0.86* | 单株产量 | 0.94** | -0.33 | 0.94** | 0.86* | 0.92** | 0.80* |
a | 0.88** | 0.62 | -0.94** | 0.99** | 0.75 | 0.98** | a | -0.36 | 1.00** | 0.96** | 0.99** | 0.72 |
Tmax | -0.82* | -0.69 | 0.66 | -0.72 | -0.71 | -0.74 | -0.63 | Tmax | -0.36 | -0.51 | -0.51 | 0.14 |
Wmax | 0.88** | 0.62 | -0.94** | 0.99** | 0.75 | 0.98** | 1.00** | -0.63 | Wmax | 0.96** | 0.99** | 0.72 |
Rmax | 0.88** | 0.52 | -0.89** | 0.96** | 0.67 | 0.93** | 0.95** | -0.77* | 0.95** | Rmax | 0.98** | 0.51 |
Rmean | 0.94** | 0.67 | -0.93** | 0.99** | 0.79* | 0.98** | 0.97** | -0.80* | 0.97** | 0.98** | Rmean | 0.62 |
P | -0.50 | -0.09 | 0.40 | -0.50 | -0.19 | -0.45 | -0.45 | 0.75 | -0.45 | -0.71 | -0.60 | P |
注:左下为‘永优1573’相关值,右上为‘永优1593’相关值;*为显著相关,**为极显著相关。 |
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