The objectives are to explore the relationship between the material production and yield of functional colored rice, analyze its quality characteristics, and provide reference for further improving the yield and application of colored rice. This experiment took 8 functional colored rice varieties as the research objects, and conducted the analysis from the aspects of growth period, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, dry matter accumulation and transportation, yield and yield structure, and content of protein and main mineral elements. The results showed that the growth period of functional colored rice was relatively long, and the yield was significantly lower than that of the conventional rice. Low seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight were the main reasons for the low yield. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of colored rice was higher compared with that of the control, while was slightly lower in the net photosynthetic rate, but the difference was not significant. The dry matter accumulation of functional colored rice was not significantly different from that of conventional rice in the early stage, while the dry matter accumulation and transportation were significantly reduced after the filling stage. The content of protein and trace element Fe, Cu, Mn, Se and Zn of colored brown rice were significantly higher than those of the control. The protein content of colored milled rice was higher than that of the conventional rice, while the contents of mineral elements were not significantly different. The dry matter accumulation of colored rice was less in the later stage, and the poor transport of dry matter in stems and leaves was the main factor of the low yield. The protein content of colored rice was significantly higher than that of the conventional rice, while the mineral elements were mainly found in colored rice seed husk.