In order to understand the fertilization status of protected vegetable cultivation in Yangzhou, a survey was conducted on the scale, vegetable species and fertilization status in protected vegetable cultivation of Yangzhou in 2013, and soil samples were collected in typical vegetable zones. The results showed that corporation and corporationcooperative were the general models in the vegetable zones, and green vegetable, watermelon, tomato and pepper were common species. Furthermore, fertilization in fifteen vegetable zones showed that the combined application of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer was conducted, and the application of compound fertilizer accounted for a larger part. Compared to the soil in field, nutrients in soil of the protected vegetable cultivation zones were higher, especially available P with an average of 66.1 mg/kg and available K with an average of 127.6 mg/kg, which were 300% and 30.8% higher than that of soil in field, respectively. Based on the investigation, soil status and fertilization structures were understood in the protected vegetable cultivation, and the strategies were suggested for proper fertilization in vegetable zones in Yangzhou.