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  • Research Articles
    LI Hong-yan,CHEN Xiang-qian,NIU Feng-juan,LI Yan-lian and JIANG Qi-yan
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2022, 23(2): 592-604. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20210927001
    Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is an important food crop worldwide. However,its growth has been heavily suppressed by salt stress. The molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat remain unclear. In this study we conducted research to decipher the mechanism of salt stress response in Jimai19 using NaCl treatment and time-course RNA sequencing. The total number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in response to salt stress was 5526 in wheat roots. Based on Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)analysis,it was found that DEGs were significantly enriched in the categories of plant hormone signal transduction,primary metabolic processes such as amino acid synthesis,and some secondary metabolic processes in the early stages of salt treatment. After 6 h of salt treatment,the DEGs involved in stress response began to enrich. With the extension of stress time and the damage to plant increased,the DEGs related to macromolecular complex,DNA conformational changes,protein-DNA structural changes etc,were enriched at 48 h and 72 h of salt treatment. Many genes involved in signal transduction,resistance to oxidative stress,osmotic stress,ion balance and amino acid sythesis were differentially expressed at different stages of salt treatment. Most genes of the last three classes were induced by salt stress. These results provided valuable information on the salt tolerance of molecular mechanisms in wheat.
  • Research Articles
    LIU Jin,LE Si,ZHOU Huiying,HU Jiaxiao,MENG Bingxin,LUO Wenjing,LI Maomao,YU Liqin
    By taking the opportunity of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources, rice landraces were investigated and collected from different counties and cities in Jiangxi province, P. R. China. From 2017 to 2019, 321 rice landraces were collected to identify the morphological characteristics, main agronomic traits, yield and quality traits in the field. Based on the collection sites, they were collected from 11 cities, with enrichments at six cities including Jiujiang, Shangrao, Yichun, Fuzhou, Jian and Ganzhou. These regions have more mountainous and impoverished with traffic inconvenience, in which farmers have the tradition to proceed food with rice landraces. There are two subspecies of Xian and Geng, mainly Xian, which can be divided into early rice, medium rice and late rice based on the maturity. The sticky rice and glutinous rice account for 38.0% and 62.0%. There have 35 red rice and purple black rice germplasm resources. These results showed that rice landraces germplasm resources with good genetic diversity in Jiangxi province, most of which are yellow, no or short awn, suitable panicle, moderate blade and stem angle, lodging resistance, and suitable seed holding. Fifteen elite germplasm resources with feasible head date, large panicle, high seed setting rate and big thousand grain weight, as well as 12 elite glutinous rice and colored rice were selected. Collectively, this study reported a resource of rice landraces which has great potential in breeding of new rice varieties.
  • GENE MINING
    feng zhijuan,xu shengchun,liu na,zhang guwen,hu qizan and gong yaming
    TCP transcription factors (TFs) constitute a family of plant-specific proteins, with conserved motif known as the TCP domain. TCP domain contained 60 amino acids, and formed a bHLH structure involved in DNA-binding and protein-protein interaction. TCP TFs have been found to regulate many aspects of plant development, such as branching, height, leaf and flower growth. However, the study of TCP TFs in response to abiotic stress started relatively late. Accumulating evidence suggested that these proteins also played crucial roles in environmental stress responses, such as those mounted to cold and salt stresses. TCP TFs were involved in brassinolide, jasmonic acid, gibberellin and cytokinin signal transduction pathways. Thus, TCP proteins might be involved in the cross-talking between plant development and stress signal pathway. This paper systematically reviewed the latest advances on the functions and mechanisms of TCP TFs in plant developmental programs, hormonal interactions and environmental stresses, which may shed new lights on the applications of these proteins in modifying plant growth and resistance in desirable ways.
  • GENETIC RESOURCES
  • Review
    LIU Qing and XU Jian-long
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2022, 23(2): 301-314. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20211024001
    Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (RBSDVD),which is caused by Rice black streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) and mainly transmitted by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén), is a severe viral disease in rice. Once infected, the vector small brown planthopper carries the virus for life, but it cannot be transmitted through eggs. In recent ten years, RBSDVD has been widely prevalent in rice areas of southern China,which caused serious yield reduction of rice. At present, pesticides are mainly used to control the virus vector small brown planthopper. However, due to the large population of small brown planthopper, the control effect is not good, and there are concerns about environmental pollution. Therefore, the cultivation and utilization of rice varieties resistant to RBSDVD is the optimal strategy. Within this article, we review the distribution and hazards of RBSDV, exploration of resistance germplasm resources, resistance identification methods, mapping of genes/QTLs for resistance to RBSDVD, resistance-conferring mechanism and breeding. We expect to provide insights in genetic dissection of the RBSDV resistance genes and their optimal use in rice resistance breeding.
  • Review
    GUO Cheng,WANG Bao-bao,YANG Yang,WANG Chun-ming,ZHOU Tian-wang,LI Min-quan and DUAN Can-xing
    Maize Stalk rot is one of the important diseases, which are occurring in corn cultivating regions of China and abroad. Due to increasing mechanical harvesting and grain direct harvest, stalk rot has become the most threatening disease in maize production. The cultivation of resistant varieties is the most economic and effective measure to control stalk rot. This paper reviews the research progress of stalk rot on aspects of the distributing regions, pathogenic species, resistant germplasm screening, resistance inheritance and disease resistance gene discovery and localization, which will lay an important theoretical foundation for IPM of this disease.
  • Review
    li yuan dong,JIANG Hai-xia and XIE Li-qiong
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2022, 23(6): 1585-1593. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220518003
    Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses, which seriously threatens the growth and development of plants. Understanding the adaptive mechanisms of plant to salt stress is beneficial for the breeding of salt tolerant crops and the effective use of saline land to meet the increasing demand of food supply. Salt stress causes ion imbalance, osmotic derangement, and accumulation of toxic substances, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), in plants. To adapt to salt stress, the plants have to balance cellular ions, remodel osmotic potential and maintain ROS. The former researches on the genetic, physiological and biochemical subjects have revealed a large number of plant regulators responding salt stresses, which might modulate plant salt tolerance through multiple and complex stress signal pathways. This paper reviews the salt sensing, signal transduction, gene expression regulation, phytohormone regulation and adaptive response of plants under salt stress, and provides a relatively complete summary of plant salt stress response mechanisms.
  • Research Articles
    YANG Hui,BAI Tian-liang,ZHU Chun-yan,FENG Pei-yuan,SONG Jia-wei,LIU Xiao-gang,LI Pei-fu,LUO Cheng-ke,TIAN Lei
    To investigate the effects of Na+ and K+ content and distribution of the seedling shoot and root on the biomass accumulation and salt tolerance in rice, 51 rice germplasm accessions were analyzed under salt stress treatment by using Yoshida culture solution containing 125 mmol/L NaCl. Five morphological parameters including salt tolerance score (STS), relative root length (RRL), relative shoot dry weight (RSDW), relative root dry weight (RRDW), shoot water content (SWC), and six ion indexes, namely shoot Na+ content (SNC), root Na+ content (RNC), shoot K+ content (SKC), root K+ content (RKC), shoot Na+/K+ ratio (SNa+/K+) and root Na+/K+ ratio (RNa+/K+) were measured. On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA), with membership functions and weighted standard deviation coefficient method, a comprehensive evaluation D value for each rice germplasm accession was obtained. Specific primers for amplifying the coding region of SKC1 were applied for sequencing, alignment and haplotype analysis. SNC was significantly negatively correlated with other morphologic indexes except RRL, and STS was found to be significantly negatively correlated with SNC, RNC and SNa+/K+. Meanwhile, significant positive correlations among STS, RSDW, RRDW and SWC were revealed by correlation analysis. PCA with 11 indexes suggested four major components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 82.093%. Six key indexes, including RSDW, STS, RRDW, SNC, SNa+/K+ and RNC, were selected based on the loadings of 11 indexes in PC1. Combined with the linear regression analysis between the D value and these six indexes, it was found that STS and SNa+/K+ may be the key factors affecting salt tolerance by maintaining growth and ion balance in rice seedlings respectively, with a great regression coefficient. The diversity analysis of SKC1 coding sequence suggested nine different haplotypes of 51 rice germplasm accessions. The Hap1 detected in Koshihikari was dominant in japonica rice accessions, and the Hap7 detected in Nona Bokra was dominant in indica and Aus rice accessions. Collectively, the results gained from this study provided a theoretical foundation for identifying the salt-tolerant rice germplasm accessions in ion homeostasis.
  • Review
    WU Chun-hao,WANG Qiang,LU Ming-yan,YAN Xing-kai,HU Ming-yue and ZHANG Mao-jun
    Pear is one of the major fruit in China and favorite by domestic and foreign consumers due to its nutritional value and health efficacy. Pear flower is corymb inflorescence and belongs to the multi-flowered type. Fruit setting rate of inflorescence has significant influence on the yield of fruit trees. Artificial control of flowers and fruits is a measure to regulate the amount of fruit set in the tree, to ensure the yield and fruit quality maximizing the commercial profile. Understanding the mechanism of inflorescence formation is of interest to increase fruit yield and improve fruit quality. This paper reviews the evolution of inflorescence, the process of inflorescence development, fruit setting position of inflorescence, effects of endogenous hormones on floral formation, and regulation of related genes on floral formation, etc. Moreover, the future prospective is proposed, in order to provide ideas for the research on pear inflorescence formation.
  • Research Articles
    LIU Xi,WANG Di,GAO Hao,WANG Ying-jie,WANG Gui-zhi,WANG Yan-yan
    Grain filling rate is an important and complex agronomic trait that directly affects rice yield and quality. Huaidao 5, a superior rice japonica variety, derived from the 7208 ×Wuyujing 3 cross, shows a high grain filling rate, whereas its functional mechanism remains unclear. A transcriptome analysis in Huaidao 5 and Wuyujing 3 was performed by harvesting 14-days-after-fertilization grains. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to analyze the transcripts of few candidate genes, and Sanger sequencing was applied to identify their polymorphisms between Huaidao 5 and Wuyujing 3. 3230 up-regulated and 1171 down-regulated genes were detected between Huaidao 5 and Wuyujing 3. Gene ontology analysis indicated that these differentially-expressed genes were primarily involved in starch and sucrose biosynthesis, photosynthesis, carbon assimilation, and hormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathway. If compared to Wuyujing 3, more genes involved in starch and sucrose biosynthesis were up-regulated in Huaidao 5. Sixty-three hormone-related differentially expressed genes were detected, of which 38 genes were involved in the auxin pathway, suggesting that auxin plays an important role in the rice grain filling process. Several identified grain-filling-rate-related genes (GFR1OsPFP1OsPHO1;2OsSWEET13OsCIN2) were significantly up-regulated in Huaidao 5. Moreover, Sanger sequencing showed that GFR1Huaidao5 might be an excellent haplotype to control the grain filling rate.
  • Research Articles
    TANG Qi-qi,LI Jin-shuai,QIU Shuai,ZHANG Xian-quan,GAO Kai,QIN Jun,LIU Qun-lu
    Inflorescence type is one of the important ornamental traits of Hydrangea macrophylla. To localize the key genes controlling inflorescence types, 125 H. macrophylla individual plants were re-sequenced to obtain the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) of Fastlmm and GEMMA software, to identify the SNPs that strongly associated with inflorescence types. respectively. 285 SNPs significantly associating with floral phenotypes were found (cutoff: -log10(P)>9), which contributed to the phenotypic variation from 11.80% to 60.54%. Twelve SNPs from 285 loci were further genotyped by Sanger sequencing and kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) in 52 hydrangea cultivars, and 9 hybrid populations. Four SNPs including Hma1.2p1_0060F.1_796640, Hma1.2p1_0060F.1_1540773, Hma1.2p1_0653F.1_868484 and Hma1.2p1_0669F.1_949341 were validated closely associating with inflorescence type, which indicated that the genes controlling hydrangea inflorescence type were probably allocated in three Scaffolds Hma1.2p1_0060F.1, Hma1.2p1_0653F.1 and Hma1.2p1_0669F.1. According to the DNA sequence surrounding the 285 SNPs associating with floral phenotypes, a total of 1287 genes were annotated. In these genes, four genes putatively encoding for transcription factors, including two MYBs, one MADS, and one bHLH, were predicted to be associated with hydrangea inflorescence type. These findings provided a foundation for future gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted breeding for hydrangea.
  • Review
    CHEN Nai-yu,ZHANG Guo-xiang,ZHANG Li-shuang,AN Yi-min,DU Jia-huan,WANG Dan and GUO Chang-hong
    Abiotic stress seriously affects plants growth and crop yield. Plant AREB (ABA responsive element binding protein)/ABF(ABRE binding factors) transcription factors are a type of leucine zipper protein that specifically recognizes ABA-responsive element (ABRE). They are involved in regulating the expression of ABA-responsive genes and play a crucial role in the response to abiotic stress in plant.This article introduced the structural characteristics of ABF transcription factors, the identified cis-acting elements, regulatory modification pathway and their roles in response to abiotic stress. This review might contributes a theoretical foundation for the application of ABF transcription factors to breed excellent cultivars?with stress tolerances.
  • Review
    ZHAO Ya-nan,ZHANG Hui-ling,ZHANG Zhong-hua,LIU Ju and ZHANG Ju-ping
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2022, 23(3): 670-677. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20211111001
    In plants,anthocyanins are a group of flavonoid compounds and play an important physiological role in fruit coloring and tolerance to stresses. Foods rich in anthocyanins also have good health effects on the human,such as anti-aging and preventing hardening of the arteries. The biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins are not only affected by their own structural genes,regulatory genes and plant hormones,but also by external environmental factors(such as light,temperature,etc.). Among them,light is one of the important factors affecting the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in plants. Therefore,it is of great biological significance to analyze the regulatory mechanism of plants from receiving light signals to affecting anthocyanin synthesis. HY5(ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5)encodes an alkaline leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development. It is the first transcription factor found to be involved in photomorphgenesis. It also plays a key regulatory role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Here,we review the role of HY5 protein in the pathway of anthocyanin synthesis,responses to light signals and activation of downstream transcription factors and structural genes,and interaction with BBX protein in regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. We expect to provide insights for future exploring the functional basis of HY5 in the metabolic pathways of flavonoids and responses to light signals.
  • Review
    LIU Ju,ZHANG Hui-ling,ZHANG Zhong-hua,ZHAO Ya-nan,ZHANG Ju-ping
    Anthocyanins, which are natural pigments and serve as important natural antioxidants scavenging free radicals, are rich in a variety of compounds that are important in health care. Anthocyanins affect the ripening, taste and color of fruits and vegetables, and prevent plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, optimizing anthocyanin content is regarded as the breeding goal in many horticultural crops. As the secondary ethylene signaling transcription factors, ethylene response factors (ERFs) respond to plant hormone signaling and can result in feedback regulation, and these genes are known to modulate the process of ethylene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis via various mechanisms. In terms of the molecular mode, ERFs in regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis rely on the physical interaction with transcription factors, activating transcription factors, forming regulatory complexes with MBW or directly activating structural gene promoters. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the mechanism of ERF regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, and to explore the relationship between the rapid accumulation of anthocyanins and the increase of ethylene release in fruits and vegetables at the late ripening stage.
  • Research Articles
    CHEN Lunyan,ZHU Yating,LU Aixian,WU You,JI Hongyu,Chen Zhiqing,WU Shasha,ZHAI Junwen
    The species diversity of Calanthe R. Br. is rich. However, under the influence of global warming, extreme high temperature weather frequently occurs, which exacerbates the harm of abiotic stress on the survival and reproduction of Calanthe. In this study, six species of Calanthe were analyzed for heat tolerance via applying means of high-temperature semi-lethal physiological experiments. Calanthe argenteostriata C. Z. Tang & S. J. Cheng and C. tricarinata Lindl., which were identified to be heat tolerant or sensitive, respectively, were used for transcriptome sequencing and identification of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) under heat stress treatment conditions. In addition, their transcriptional profiles at different temperatures were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology. The research results were included: (1) The heat tolerance of six species of Calanthe is ranked from weak to strong: C. tricarinata Lindl., C. graciliflora Hayata, C. triplicata(Willem.)Ames, C. herbacea Lindl., C. sinica Z. H. Tsi, C. argenteostriata C. Z. Tang & S. J. Cheng. (2) Gene families responsible to heat stress were identified, including HSP, HSF, LEA, XTH, TIL. (3) In C. tricarinata Lindl., the up-regulated expression threshold of DEGs was 30 ℃, and the temperature over 30℃ might cause heat damage. In C. argenteostriata C. Z. Tang & S. J. Cheng, nine DEGs were highly expressed at 40 ℃, possibly resulting in an improvement of tolerance to heat stress. This study explored the response of Calanthe to heat stress at the molecular level, provided important clues for identifying key genes of heat tolerance and cultivating garden heat tolerant plants, which might provide reference in modern garden breeding.
  • GENETIC RESOURCES
    chenfeng,,,,,,, and yuanshoujiang
    Abstract: Thirteen agronomic characters and 12 quality characters of 102 rice landraces from Shandong Province were investigated and analyzed using the method of diversity index (H′) to provide useful information for genetic improvement of rice (Oryz sativa L.). The results indicated that the diversity index of agronomic characters varied from 1.42 to 2.05. There were higher diversity indexes in plant height, panicle neck length, and spikeletes per panicle. Diversity index were 2.01, 2.02, and 2.05, respectively. The ranges of diversity indexes of the quality characters were 0.99 to 2.04. Diversity indexes of protein content, gel consistency, peak viscosity, and hot paste viscosity and breakdown were 2.00, 2.04, 2.04, 2.01, and 2.04, respectively. These results showed that there was an abundant genetic diversity among agronomic characters and quality characters in Shandong rice landraces. These results provides useful information to rice breeding.
  • Short Communications
    ZHANG Lei-lei,FAN A-qi,HONG Mei,MA Zhi-hua,CHEN Jin-rui,ZHAO Shuang-yin,ZHENG Kai,Tu'er-xun Tu'er-hong
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(1): 307-316. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220815003
    The variation coefficient analysis, genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 647 island cotton germplasm resources were carried out in order to screen more diverse types of island cotton germplasm resources for parent selection and variety breeding in the future. The variation range of quantitative index of 647 sea island cotton germplasm resources was 2.4608%~36.4320%, indicating the rich diversity among sea island cotton germplasm resources. The number of stem hairs, leaf color, leaf hairs, petal basal spot size, main stem hardness, fruit branch type and style length of island cotton germplasm resources were variable, and these external descriptive traits could be directly used for the improvement of plant morphology. Genetic diversity analysis of quantitative indicators showed that the diversity of indicators reflecting fiber quality was more abundant than that reflecting yield, and germplasm resources could be used for improving fiber quality and maturity. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between different quantitative traits. Among them, the first fruit branch node was significantly negatively correlated with the average length of the upper half, the uniformity index and the breaking strength, the sub-index was significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value, and the lint percentage was significantly negatively correlated with the average length of the upper half. The above correlation is consistent with previous research results on upland cotton, The complicated interaction mode implied a comprehensive evaluation by integrating multiple datasets in germplasm innovation. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five eigenvalues reached 75.761%. The first principal component was related to fiber quality, the second principal component was related to seed cotton yield, the third principal component was related to elongation, the fourth principal component was related to maturity, and the fifth principal component was related to lint percentage. When the genetic distance was 10, the germplasm resources were divided into 6 groups by cluster analysis. The comprehensive performance of cluster II was better. In actual breeding, targeted selection and improvement can be carried out according to breeding objectives.
  • GENE MINING
    XU Ling-yun,Wang JUN-LI and ZHOU Yi-jun
    Iris halophila Pall and its variety I. halophila var. sogdiana (Bung) Grubov are potential horticultural plants for arid and saline-alkali land because of their drought and salt tolerant characteristics and various flower color. In order to elucidate the mechanism of different pigmentation in these two species, we cloned 3 partial segments of key genes relating to anthocyanin biosynthesis, namely chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and flavonoid- 3',5'- hydroxylase like(F3'5'H-like), from perianth of young flowers of these two Iris plants. retro-transcription PCR method were employed in cloning and gene-specific primers were designed based on a transcriptome sequencing. The expression of these 3 genes were characterized by a real-time PCR assay. Sequence analysis showed that these 3 genes are first reported in I. halophila. Among these genes, F3'5'H-like is different from the classical F3'5'H which belong to CYP75A subfamily of cytochrome P450 superfamily, it is a homolog of Vanda coerulea F3'5'H-like gene which belongs to a new subfamily CYP76AB, a novel type of blue flower related genes. Expression analysis indicated that compared with in the yellow flowered I. halophila, CHS and F3'5'H-like are up-regulated in I. halophila var. sogdiana and are responsible for its blue-violet flowers.
  • Review
    LIU Chang-le,GUO Yue,LI Fang-fang,YUAN Zi-cheng,LONG Wei-hua,PU Hui-ming and HU Mao-long
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2022, 23(2): 333-345. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20211215001
    Field weeds are the main factors affecting crop quality and yield,and chemical weed control is the primary strategy in modern agricultural production. Acetolactate synthase (ALS),also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase,is the critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched amino acids in plants. ALS inhibitor herbicides are also called ALS herbicides,which inhibit the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants by disturbing the binding of ALS to substrates,achieving the purpose of killing weeds. With the widespread application of ALS herbicides in agricultural production,the problem of herbicide residues on subsequent crops is becoming more and more serious. The impact on crop yield and quality is particularly obvious. Thus,breeding for cultivars resistant to these herbicides would bring great advantage in effective weed control. Germplasm resistant to ALS herbicides has been created in a variety of crops through chemical mutagenesis and natural mutation,and resistant varieties have been successfully developed. In this study,the characteristics,types and scope of application for ALS herbicides,the resistance mechanism of ALS herbicide-resistant crops,and the research progress of germplasm creation and utilization of ALS herbicide-resistant crops were reviewed,which provides a better understanding of crops resistant to ALS herbicides. The innovation of herbicide germplasm and variety selection can provide reference,and make a simple prediction for the possible development of ALSresistant herbicide crops in the future.
  • GENE MINING
    沙冬青是我国西北荒漠区唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,具有极强的抗逆性和特殊的医疗保健作用。本文从细胞学与遗传多样性、抗逆性分子基础与基因克隆和药用成分及作用机制方面对沙冬青的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了今后的重点研究方向。
  • Review
    LAN Mengjiao,KOU Meng,XIAO Manqiu,LI Chen,PAN Hao,ZHANG Yungang,LU Lingzhi,HOU Longying,GE Ruihua,WU Wensheng,LI Qiang
    AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor) is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants, which contains at least one specific AP2 domains composed of 60-70 highly conserved amino acids. Depending on the number and sequence similarity of AP2 domains, this family can be classified into five subfamilies: AP2 (APETALA2), DREB (dehydration-responsive element binding proteins), ERF (ethylene-responsive factor), RAV (related to AB13/VP), and Soloist. AP2/ERF TFs regulate their expression by binding to target genes through YRG and RAYD conserved elements in the AP2 domain. At present,AP2/ERF TFs have become a hot candidate gene for studying plant stress resistance mechanisms and biosynthesis of active ingredients. More and more AP2/ERF families and their members have been reported. In this review, we summarized the latest research achievements on plant AP2/ERF family, including the structural characteristics and classification, and the research progress of AP2/ERF TFs involved in regulation of plant secondary metabolites synthesis, participation in biological and abiotic stress response was mainly introduced.Meanwhile, possible hot research topics and fields of AP2/ERF were proposed,which may provide a reference for further mining and utilization of such transcription factor genes for plant genetic improvement and germplasm innovation.
  • Research Articles
    GUO Dong,DU Mei,ZHOU Bao-yuan,LIU Ying-hui and ZHAO Ming
    In order to study the small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family of maize, this study identified by the genome-wide prediction approach 91 SAUR genes which named ZmSAURs, and analyzed the gene structure, amino acid characteristics, chromosomal location and genetic evolutionof ZmSAURs. The results showed that, the SAUR gene family were unevenly distributed on the chromosome, while the chromosome 2 up to 22 ZmSAURs. The amplification pattern of the gene was dispersed replication and fragment replication. The SAUR gene family has a relatively conserved structure, e.g. a conserved RNA DNA structure and the 3D structure of the deduced proteins that generally contained three alpha helices and three beta sheets. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed 9 branches of SAUR proteins among species. As expected, SAURs in corn and relative millet (Setaria italic) were clustered together. Thus, this information provided by this work might be useful in future functional characterization of the maize SAUR gene family.
  • Research Articles
    YUAN Hua-zhao,YU Hong-mei,XIA Jin,PANG Fu-hua,CHEN Xiao-dong and ZHAO Mi-zhen
    To get insight of MYB genes in strawberry, we used bioinformatics methods to screen the MYB genes from the Fragaria vesca genome database, and further analyzed gene structure, conserved motif, chromosomal location, phylogenetic analysis and expression in the period of the development of anther. Our results showed that three types of MYB transcription factors, including 105 R2R3-MYB, 4 MYB3R, 1 MYB4R, were identified. These genes unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes, e.g., that chromosome Fvb5 contained the largest number of 26 MYB genes. Some of MYBs formed distinct tandem duplicate gene clusters. Although the protein length of strawberry MYB genes differed, all of MYBs contained conserved R2R3 domain, with characteristic amino acids, especially orderly spaced conservative tryptophan residues (W). Phylogenetic and gene structure analysis showed that strawberry MYB genes were divided into 34 distinct groups (A1-A34). The function prediction of strawberry orthologous genes using Arabidopsis thaliana gene annotation showed strawberry MYB genes were most likely involved in flavone synthesis, cell fate, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Temporal or spatial expression trends of MYB genes during strawberry anther development indicated that FvMYB2, FvMYB85, FvMYB74, and FvMYB28 had increased expression during 5 period of the development of strawberry anther, which were mainly expressed in the later period of anther development. These results suggested that those MYB genes may play important role during strawberry anther development. Thus, this paper provided information for functional identification of strawberry MYB genes.
  • Review
    FAN Cheng-ming,TIAN Jian-hua,HU Zan-min,WANG Jue,LV Hui-ying,GE Yi-qiang,WEI Xun,DENG Xiang-dong,ZHANG Lei-ying and YANG Wei-cai
    Oilseed rape is an important oil crop in China. The sown area is about 67 million hectares and about 4.5 million tons of rapeseed oil is produced every year, which account for about 19.7% of total food oil consumption in China. Compared with developed countries, the problems in rapeseed industry of China are low yield and poor quality of rapeseed, and about 5 million tons of rapeseed is annually imported. The sequencing of oilseed rape genome has promoted the research on its breeding. According to the searching record of Web of Science, about total 728 articles related to rapeseed breeding was published in SCI/SCIE journals. Of 728 articles, 181 and 62 were independently completed by Chinese scientists and jointly done by Chinese and their cooperators from other countries, respectively, which account for 33.38% of the total published paper in the world. However, we lack high impact paper. The achievements in 2017 mainly focused on rapeseed oil content and quality, rapeseed yield, genome domestication, male sterility, abiotic
  • Research Articles
    GAO Xue,JIA Zhong-li,LIN Kai-li,HOU Xue-tong,ZHENG Fu-xing and GENG Hong-wei
    Using a set of 309 recombinant inbred lines of the spring wheat ‘Worrakatta’ × ‘Berkut’ grown with normal irrigation and under drought stress, respectively, as materials, the phenotypes of leaf area index (LAI) at flowering, filling and ripening stages, and the flag leaf chlorophyll content (CC) at heading, flowering and filling stages were identified. QTL mapping was carried out with wheat 50K SNP chip. The results showed that LAI and CC decreased significantly under drought stress compared with normal irrigation treatment. It was found that LAI and CC of the parents and RIL lines were significantly different with an obvious phenomenon of transgressive segregation at different growth stages with the two treatments. Two and one LAI-related QTLs were detected at flowering stage and ripening stage, respectively, which were located on chromosomes 5BS, 2BL and 1BL with normal irrigation. QLAI.xjau-5BS, QLAI.xjau-2BL.1 and QLAI.xjau-1BL explained 6.8%-8.2% of the phenotypic variation. CC-related QTL QCC.xjau-1DS was detected at both heading and flowering stages, which was located on 1DS chromosome, explaining 5.3%-5.8% of the phenotypic variation. One LAI-related QTL, QLAI.xjau-2BL.2, located on 2BL chromosome, was detected at ripening stage under drought stress, explaining 13.8% of the phenotypic variation. Seven candidate genes related to LAI and CC were screened from the QTLs found in the study, which included two genes related to F-box family proteins and one gene each related to MYB, GATA, abscisic acid receptor, BTB/POZ and WUS. These genes are involved in regulating crop growth and development and signal transduction, as well as in response to drought and other stresses. This study provides reference information for gene discovery and molecular breeding of leaf area index and chlorophyll content in wheat.
  • GENE MINING
    LI Ao,CUI Meng-jie,CHEN Ke,XUN Ying-zhi,JIA Hai-feng and FANG Jing-gui
    Abstract: The phytohormone auxin exerts a pleiotropic effect on various aspects of plant growth and development, including cell elongation, cell division, differentiation, root initiation, apical dominance, and tropic responses. Auxin mediates these effects at the molecular level by altering the expression of numerous genes. Most early auxin response genes are classified into three families: AUX/ IAAs, GRETCHEN HAGEN3s (GH3s), and Small Auxin-Up RNA (SAUR). AUX/IAA (PF02309) family genes achieve transcript due to the induction of plant hormone auxin and part of them have an N-terminal DNA binding domain. It is a transcriptional repressor that has proved to play a very vital role in auxin signaling pathway. GH3 (PF03321) was first found in soybean later, some GH3 genes were reported and divided into three groups: one combine JA-amino acid conjugates, the others were used to produce IAA conjugates and catalyze the 30 conjugation of amino acids and 4-substituted benzoic acid. GH3 plays an important role in auxin signaling pathways, optical signaling pathways and plant defense responses; Previous reports indicated that SAUR protein contains a central domain (PF02519), and it is highly conserved. The SAUR domain mainly contains hydrophobic amino acids, short, highly conserved, charged patches and a nearly invariant cysteine residue. Around the SAUR domain, SAUR 35 proteins have lowly conservative length N- and C-terminal extensions. Small auxin-up RNAs (SAURs) are the early auxin-responsive genes represented by a large multigene family in plants. In order to recognize the SAUR (Small auxin-up RNA) gene from the whole genome of the grape, the gene of SAUR gene was identified from the whole genome of the grape, and the gene structure, amino acid characterization, chromosome localization, gene evolution,functional analysis and tissue expression analysis of the SAUR gene family were carried out. A total of 64 members of the SAUR gene family were identified and showed cluster distribution on 8 chromosomes among 19 chromosomes. The genes were mainly distributed in Chr3 and Chr4. Chr3, exist the highest number of genes, 37 were distributed in it. the length of Grape SAUR family genes is shorter, where 59 genes are intronless. Analysis of protein physical and chemical characteristics showed that most SAUR protein was alkaline, the structure stability was poor, the protein fat soluble index was high, and it was hydrophilic. The function prediction of genes showed that the SAUR gene mainly functioned as growth factors, structural proteins, transcription, transcriptional regulation and responded to stress and immunization response and immune response. Most of them were involved in growth regulation. According to the phylogenetic analysis, it was divided into 10 branches. Analysis of different tissue expression profiles showed that SAUR gene family members had different tissue expression patterns and had some regulation effect on abiotic stress. This information has laid a foundation for the functional analysis of SAUR gene family. This work will pave a a new era of applying genetic information to a deeper understanding of strawberries and used to enhance the agricultural production. Making genetic information and genomics applied in many aspects of grape production, which means that the era of application of genetic information in crop production has arrived.
  • Review
    LI Jian-feng,LI Ting and JIA Xiao-ping
    The PRRs family gene, which serves as a major component of the core clock of the circadian clock, plays important role in inhibiting the plant flowering, and manipulating ABA-dependent stress resistance and the accumulation of plant biomass. This article reviews the structural characteristics of the PRRs family genes, the photoperiod regulation model and its responses under stress treatments, in order to provide a theoretical reference for further study of the function of PRRs family genes and the cultivation of high-quality and broad-suit crop varieties.
  • Review
    SHI Nai-xing,WEN Guo-song and ZHAO Ming-fu
    The genus Polygonatum represents a wide geographical distribution, abundant resources, complex taxa and a long cultivation history, and they are considered to be important with the medicinal, economic, ornamental and cultural value. By taking advantage of the improvement of molecular biology, a variety of DNA-based molecular techniques have been developed valuable to the research in related fields of the genus Polygonatum. In this paper, we review the current status and progress of the genus Polygonatum using DNA-based technologies (such as molecular marker and DNA barcode), and propose future prospects in order to provide references for efficient protection and utilization of plant resources.
  • Review
    DU Chaojin, ZHANG Hanyao, LUO Xinping, SONG Yunlian, BI Jue, WANG Yuequan, ZHANG Huiyun
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2024, 25(2): 151-161. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230811001
    As the reproductive organ of angiosperms, the flowers are a vital part of plants and a prime basis for the study of plant evolution andclassification. The development of the floral organ is affected by a variety of factors, such as the external environment and internal physiology, leading to different traits in different species or among the same species, and genes, as the key factors therein, play a vital role in the whole process, and the role of their genes in the regulation of floral development has been a hot topic of research. The five whorls of structures of the calyx, corolla, stamen, pistil, and ovule of the floral organ are regulated by five categories of genes, A, B, C, D, and E, in the AE model of floral development, and these genes form a complex gene regulatory network in the process of floral organ development. The expression or silencing of each category of genes leads to structural changes in the floral organs, but there are differences among different species. In this paper, we reviewed the regulatory roles of MADS-box, AP2/ERF gene family members AP1, AP2, AP3, PI, AG, SEP, AGL6, SHP, STK, and other genes such as NAP, SPL, TGA, PAN, and WOX in the construction of floral organs, and the effects of genes in the development of floral organs at the molecular level were analyzed. The influence of genes on floral organ development at the molecular level was also analyzed. This study provides a reference for further understanding the role of genes in the regulation of floral organ development in various plants.
  • GENETIC RESOURCES
    Zhou Yongli,许美容 and 黎志康
    Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) are two highly related pathogens of rice that cause bacterial leaf blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), respectively, which constrain rice production in much of Asia and parts of Africa. Developing resistant cultivars has been the most effective approach to control BB and BLS. In this study, we reviewed the advances on identification of the main effect resistance genes and quantitative resistance locus of the two diseases, which will provide some useful information for further resistance breeding of this two related bacterial diseases.
  • Research Articles
    MENG Xin,WANG Shijie,JIANG Min,LI Hongyan,WANG Jinmao,YANG Minsheng
    Quercus mongolica Fisch is a native species at the temperate zone of East Asia, and is highly valuable considering its application and economic potential. Trihelix transcription factors are related to plant light response, growth and development, and abiotic stress. In order to study the performance of Trihelix transcription factors in Quercus mongolica under different shading and water stress, 34 QmTHs (designated QmTH01 to QmTH34) were identified from the genome of Quercus mongolica by bioinformatics analysis. By clustering analysis with 29 Trihelix transcription factors identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, the Trihelix transcription factors can be divided into five subgroups including GT-1, GT-2, GT-γ, SH4 and SIP1. QmTHs were found on 10 chromosomes of Quercus mongolica, encoding for the putative proteins ranged from 189 to 897 aa, with isoelectric points ranging from 4.58 to 9.78. A total of 14 different cis-acting elements were identified in the promoters of QmTHs, in which the elements related to methyl jasmonate response, abscisic acid response and light response were often found. According to gene expression analysis under different shading and water stress, the transcripts of QmTH01QmTH14QmTH22QmTH24 and QmTH33 were relatively high under high light intensity, and significantly down-regulated with the decrease of light intensity, indicating that these five genes were involved in the growth physiology of Quercus mongolica under high light response. The expressions of QmTH06QmTH17 and QmTH24 were significantly up-regulated under watering treatments (April, May, June, July and August; once per month), indicating that these genes possibly mediated the response of Quercus mongolica to water stress.
  • Research Articles
    XIANG Wei,XU Jian,DONG Fang,ZHANG Dao-wei,HUANG Yan-lan,ZHANG Ya and ZHANG Chao-fan
    Evaluation of the edible quality of sweetpotato is being conducted with the traditional sensory evaluation method. However, lack of a standard protocol makes the traditional evaluation method to be subjective and unprecise. To address this problem, this study intended to establish a new sensory evaluation model by using fuzzy mathematics. Firstly, five criteria indices were screened for evaluating the sweetpotato quality, including color, odour, sweetness, stickiness (flour-like taste) and fibrous taste. Each of these criteria indices was seperated and definded for five-point scores. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to construct a weight set and the industry experts were invited to score each pair of criteria indices of pairwise comparison. The sensory scores of various criteria indices of all tested varieties marked by valuators were used as the rank elements to construct fuzzy relationship matrix. The matrix was built and then used to calculate the result vector of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Lastly, the calculation rule of the integrated score of sweetpotato edible quality was formulated and edible quality grading standard of sweetpotato was proposed. To test the accuracy of the new evaluation system, 11 sweetpotato varieties with confirmed quality definitions (evaluating in the sweetpotato of China agricultural research system in 2019) were re-evaluated by the new built evaluation system. The result showed that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was more stable than that reveled with the tranditional method. The outcome gained from the new evaluation method is coincidence with the current universal recognition by the sweetpotato of China agricultural research system. Furthermore, the scoring was more accurate because there was a detailed scoring rubric for evaluators to mark. Difference in the tested varieties could be quantified with the integrated score via a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation rather than an expert direct scoring method.
  • GENE MINING
    Liu Huiyun, Liu Chang, Wang Kunyang, Du Lipu, Wang Ke, She Maoyun and Ye Xingguo
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) are the most important components in the storage protein of wheat grains. Their compositions, expressions and contents determine the dough elasticity and baking quality. This article summarized the progress of cloning, molecular characterization and functional studies of HMW-GS as well as their marker development and application in wheat breeding. Update status of different HMW-GS effects on flour processing quality, genetic transformation of several HMW-GS genes, small-scale mixograph analysis by adding prokaryotic expressed HMW-GS, and mutant developing on HMW-GS loci, were also reviewed. Besides, crucial issues in current studies on wheat HMW-GS were discussed. It is suggested that the key point on HMW-GS in the future will be to pyramid some desirable HMW-GS genes by marker assisted selection and transgenic strategies for the development of wheat varieties with good bread-making quality and the functional dissection of each HMW-GS gene accurately.
  • Research Articles
    ZHANG Min-min,YAN Qiu-yan,DONG Fei,SHEN Yan-ting,JIA Ya-qin,YAN Shuang-dui,LU Jin-xiu,YANG Feng,LI Feng,CAI Yue,YU Zhang-long,SONG Yu,QI Chen,WU Lin-jia
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(2): 458-473. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220809002
    Fifty-six color-grained wheat varieties, which were released from different provinces in China in the past 25 years, were investigated in this study. The variation coefficient, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to evaluate their five agronomic and three quality traits, which would provide reference for germplasm resources innovation and new varieties breeding in China. The results showed that the variation coefficient in the growth period, plant height, kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield ranged from 8.11% to 21.82%, especially for the yield and growth period both with a higher variation coefficient. The variation coefficient of three quality traits protein content, bulk density and wet gluten content ranged from 3.44% to 15.06%, among which the bulk density was stable and the variation of protein and wet gluten content was abundant. Most of the varieties released by Shanxi Province, Anhui Province and Beijing showed good quality, and wheat varieties from Shandong Province showed better yield performance. There were no significant differences in traits among different color-grained wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the growth period negetively correlated with the plant height. The 1000-grain weight was observed to be positively correlated with the kernels per spike. The protein content positively correlated with the wet gluten content and growth period. The principal component analysis simplified the six traits into three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.55%. The first principal component was associated with the bulk density, the second principal component was associated with the yield, and the third principal component was associated with the protein and wet gluten content. Cluster analysis suggested the 56 color-grained wheat resources into four groups at a distance of 12.5, among which the first group had better comprehensive traits. The varieties Shannong Lanmai 1 had the highest F value (1.02), and Liuzi Heimai 1 had the second highest F value (0.99). According to the trend of color-grained wheat variety traits, the growth period and yield attended to be increased within years, while the plant height and protein content attended to be decreased. Collectively, in breeding for color-grained wheat varieties the yield performance was the major target, and future improvement on the quality traits, especially the protein content would become of interest.
  • Review
    LYU Guang-de,JIN Xue-mei,GUO Ying,ZHAO Yan,QIAN Zhao-guo,WU Ke and LI Si-shen
    Plant height is one of the important agronomic traits and controlled by a consequence interacting among the genetic factors, the endogenous hormones and external environment. In common wheat, plant height is recognized as a quantitative trait modulated by multiple genes that are found on 21 chromosomes. Several molecular markers associating with plant height are available for marker-assisted breeding. The important progress on determining the genetic factors, genetic localization and gene isolation, regulation mechanism and marker assisted selection have been achieved. This paper summarizes the factors that contribute to wheat plant height, as well as the achievements on genetic localization, gene cloning, allelic mining, marker-assisted wheat breeding, followed by the prospective on future focuses in wheat.
  • Research Articles
    LUO Zi-shu,WANG Zhi-jian,ZHOU Wang-yi,DOSSOU Senouwa Segla Koffi,ZHOU Rong,ZHANG Yan-xin,LI Dong-hua,YOU Jun,WANG Lin-hai
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(2): 365-375. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220919001
    In order to analyze the quality characteristics of sesame seed with different colors, 13 nutritional quality traits of 157 sesame germplasm resources with different seed coat colors (white, yellow, brown, and black) were tested and analyzed in Wuhan and Zhumadian. The results showed that average oil content of 157 sesame germplasm was 52.96%, and the average contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, sesamin, sesamolin, campesterol, and β-sitosterol were 40.65%, 44.32%, 2.67 mg/g, 1.61 mg/g, 1.22 mg/g and 2.96 mg/g, respectively. The average oil content decreased gradually with the deepening of seed coat color. The total sterol content was the highest in black sesame. The content of sesamin and sesamin was the highest in white sesame and the lowest in black sesame. Oleic acid content of yellow sesame and linoleic acid content of brown sesame were the highest. Oil content, oleic acid content, sesamin and sesamolin content of black sesame were significantly lower than those in white sesame, but no significant differences in contents of stearic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, campesterol and β-sitosterol in sesame seeds with different colors were observed. Among the 13 nutritional quality traits, there were significant positive correlations between β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol, sesamin and sesamolin, sesamin and oil content, sesamolin and campesterol, and significant negative correlations between oleic acid and linoleic acid. The correlation coefficients between Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol, sesamin and sesamolin were higher in black sesame than in sesame with other colors. The 157 sesame genotypes were divided into four subgroups by cluster analysis. The first and second subgroups were mainly brown black and yellow white sesame, respectively. The third subgroup contained high sesame materials, and the fourth subgroup contained high linoleic acid materials and high oil content materials. Collectively, this study explored the quality characteristics of sesame seed with different colors, which provided reference and excellent germplasm for utilization and genetic improvement of sesame germplasm resources.
  • GENETIC RESOURCES
    chenyu
    In order to further improve evaluation and its effective utilization of rice landrace in Guangdong Province, we used 2974 accessions catalogued in the national genebank that 9 rice quality traits as basic data to study. The geographic distribution of rice quality traits were analyzed, and rice quality trait diversity among each area were compared, and the correlation between some ecological factors and rice quality traits were studied. The rice landrace in Guangdong province showed higher brown rice rate and milled rice rate, richer diversity of protein content, larger variation in gel consistency, and not many materials reached the national standard in amylose content. High-quality rice germplasm mainly distribute in Southcentral rice area of Guangdong province. The result also showed that amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency were the main impact index of rice quality formation. Humidity and temperature difference among areas were the main impact factors of rice quality formation. So, it is very important for high quality rice breeding and genetic background expanding to use rice landrace in Guangdong Province effectively.
  • Research Articles
    WANG Qin-di,SHI Hai-chun,YU Xue-jie,ZHAO Chang-yun,QUBI Wu-he,XIA Wei,KE Yong-pei
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(2): 559-568. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220925002
    In order to explore the dwarf gene and analyze the dwarfing mechanism in maize, the maize dwarf mutant K718d, wild-type K718 and their F2 segregation population were used for gene mapping by BSA whole genome resequencing (BSA-reseq) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Three candidate regions with a total length of 21.03 Mb hosting 438 annotated genes were detected on chromosome 1. A total of 2374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1452 up-regulated genes and 922 down-regulated genes. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in metabolic pathways including phenylpropane metabolism, fatty acid chain elongation and galactose metabolism. Gene function annotations showed that DEGs were involved in cell growth, cell wall composition, and plant hormone anabolism. BSA-reseq and RNA-seq suggested 26 candidate genes, of which 19 were found with non-synonymous mutations. Two candidate genes Zm00001d032035 and Zm00001d032422, which are annotated with plant hormone metabolism, were obtained based on the homologous gene function annotation, gene expression level and bioinformatics analysis. PCR amplification and qRT-PCR analysis showed that, both genes contained the amino acid substitutions in the coding region in K718d if compared to K718, and both showed decreased transcripts. These results provide reference for further dwarfing gene cloning and application in maize breeding.
  • Research Articles
    XING Guo-fang,HOU Ying,WANG Hao,REN Chao,MA Jun-wei,LU Cheng-da
    Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(1): 158-171. https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220818002
    Foxtail millet (Setaria italica. L) is a vital crop that plants as food and fodder crop, with strong stress resistance and bundle of nutritional elements. Selenium (Se) is a component essential for human and animal cells, beneficial for plants growth and quality improvement. This study attempts to explore the ability of Se-responsive in foxtail millet and establish a corresponding evaluation system. We conducted the correlation analysis and principle component analysis based on 11 phenotypic indicators, including seedling height, leaf area, stem thickness, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, root length, total root length, root volume, apical number, shoot and root selenium content in 205 foxtail millet germplasm accessions. The membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the selenium responsiveness, and identify the genotypes showing Se efficient and Se deficient at the seedling stage. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in shoot were analyzed between Se efficient and deficient varieties. 205 foxtail millet varieties were grouped into five categories. There were 16 high Se-efficient responsiveness accessions, 45,60 and 66 with medium Se-efficient responsiveness accessions and 18 deficient accessions. Under 0.5 mmol/L Se treatment, the activities of SOD and POD were increased, whereas the activity of CAT was decreased. Collectively, the comprehensive index is more objective to evaluate the selenium efficient utilization of foxtail millet at the seedling stage, and the antioxidant enzymes activities of the plant are important for the responsiveness of foxtail millet to the Se treatment.
  • GENE MINING
    zhaoxiaoxin,liumeiqin,shijing,zhiguanhua,liushengli,zhangjunqi and lucunfu
    In this study, we report molecular characterization and expression patterns of AmLEA5 (AAW31666.1) under abiotic stresses, a gene cloned from cold- and drought-stressed Ammopiptanthus mongolicus by a modified solid subtractive hybridization method. Bioinformatic analysis shows that the gene encodes a group 5 late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA).The overall length of AmLEA5 is 693 bp, and the cDNA contains a 297 bp ORF encoding a polypeptide of 98 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 10.6 kDa. AmLEA5, with more phosphorylation sites, is a kind of hydrophilic protein. The analysis of codon bias shows that AmLEA5 gene is bias toward the synonymous codons with A and T at the third codon position. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that AmLEA5 protein is most closed to Medicago truncatula LEA (ACJ84182.1) in genetic relationship. qRT- PCR analysis indicates that AmLEA5 is up-regulated by cold, drought, salt and hot stresses. Specifically, transcription of AmLEA5 accumulated more at the late stage of cold treatment. Intracellular localization analysis shows that AmLEA5 proteins tagged with yellow fluorescent proteins (YFP)is more likely localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our results suggest that AmLEA5 may plays important roles in abiotic stresses responses, especially in cold tolerant mechanism in A. Mongolicus.