This study aims to identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat germplasm resources and molecular markers for marker-assisted selection， ultimately obtaining excellent white grain wheat germplasm resources applicable in wheat breeding. These spikes of 222 wheat germplasm resources were tested for pre-harvest sprouting resistance， and the functional markers of eight anti-pre-harvest sprouting genes， including myb10D， DFR-B， Vp1B3， PM19-A1， MFT-3A， MFT-A2， MKK3-A， QSD1， were used for genotyping. Phenotypic identification results showed that there were significant differences in the relative sprouting percentage of 222 wheat germplasm resources. The relative sprouting percentage ranged from 0 to 1.15， and the average relative sprouting percentage was 0.73. 38 wheat materials were identified to be resistant to pre-harvest sprouting， including 9 white wheat， 27 red wheat and 2 black wheat. Correlation analysis between allele types and relative sprouting percentage showed that the relative sprouting percentage was significantly correlated with functional markers myb10D， DFR-B， Vp1B3， MFT-3A and MFT-A2， but not with PM19-A1， MKK3-A and QSD1. These results indicated that molecular markers myb10D， DFR-B， Vp1B3， MFT-3A and MFT-A2 could be used for detection of pre-harvest sprouting resistance and marker-assisted breeding. Based on the phenotype and genotype results， nine white wheat germplasm resources with pre-harvest sprouting resistance were selected， including Yunong 914， Yunong 946， Fengdecunmai 30， Fangmai 5， Xumai 029， Lianmai 1901， Baofeng 1903， Zhengmai 829 and 13wang27-8， which could be used for genetic breeding and layout of wheat varieties with pre-harvest sprouting resistance.

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the quality traits of peanut germplasm resources from different sources and provide a theoretical basis for the rational exploration of fresh peanut germplasm resources. We utilized genetic diversity analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis ， clustering analysis， and comprehensive score to analyze and assess the 11 quality traits of 287 peanut germplasm resources.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 11 quality traits ranged from 1.286% to 19.506%， and the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.046 to 2.073. The results of correlation analysis showed that the oleic acid content has an extremely significant negative correlation with proteins content and an extremely significant positive correlation with sucrose content. A total of three principal component factors were extracted from the principal component analysis， and their cumulative contribution rate reached 71.467%. Cluster analysis divided the 287 materials into 3 groups.The first group has a higher content of fat and stearic acid，which contains 100 materials；the second group has a higher oleic acid content ，which contains 61 materials；and the third group has the characteristics of high protein content and low fat content，which contains 126 materials. By assigning weights of the contribution rate of the 3 principal components， we constructed a comprehensive scoring formula： F=0.588F₁+0.277F₂+0.135F₃. According to this formula， we selected 51 materials with a comprehensive score greater than 1， including 3 materials with a score exceeding 5.This research provides valuable insights for future studies in peanut quality breeding.

In order to evaluate salt tolerance in sunflower germplasm resources and identify elite accessions， the salt tolerance of 444 sunflower germplasm resources was evaluated under 250 mmol/L NaCl stress at germination and seedling stage， and also assessed under saline-alkali soil condition at the whole growth period.The salt tolerance analysis and evaluation was performed by observing a number of traits including the relative values（ratio of each indicator compared to the control treatment）of germination rate at germination stage，six indexes at seedling stage （survival rate，leaf area，plant height，SPAD value，etc.）and seven indexes at the whole growth period（plant height，sunflower diameter，seed setting rate，yield related traits，etc.） The correlation analysis results indicate that there was a highly significant positive correlation between each two indexes at seedling stage， with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.518-0.790. The correlation between most of the seven indicators in the whole growth period reached a significant or extremely significant level. The analysis of principal component， membership function value， cluster and comprehensive salt tolerance evaluation were performed based on these relative indicator values， then 132 salt resistant materials at germination stage， 9 at seedling stage， and 41 at whole growth stage were identified. Six germplasm resources （ZX0365， ZX0389， ZX1391， ZX1394， ZX3089， ZX3094）， which showed salt tolerance in the three periods， can be utilized for subsequent salt-tolerant gene mining and breeding. Correlation analysis of salt tolerance levels for 124 accessions at three stages （germination， seedling， and the whole growth period） indicated a highly significant correlation among the salt tolerance assessments at each stage. The salt tolerance assessments of the germination and seedling stages can provide effective references for selecting salt-tolerant materials when planting sunflower in saline-alkali soil.This study provided method and material basis for the selection of salt-tolerant sunflower varieties.

EMS is the most commonly used mutagen in chemical mutagenesis， which has the advantages of high point mutation rate of a single base， low cost and easy operation. Obtaining mutants through EMS mutagenesis can provide favorable material for breeding and gene function studies. The key of EMS mutagenesis technology is to determine the EMS concentration and mutagenesis time. Generally， the combination of concentration and time to achieve the half lethal rate is the best. In gramineous plants， seeds are mainly used as mutagenic materials. At the same time， pollen， callus and vegetative organs of gramineous plants that rely on vegetative reproduction can be used as mutagenic materials. Different plant materials have different tolerance to EMS. Pollen is the most sensitive， followed by callus， and asexual reproduction materials and seeds have strong tolerance. The screening methods of mutants include phenotypic comparison screening， stress directional screening， and forward and reverse genetic screening. This article reviews the application of EMS mutagenesis in gramineous plants breeding and gene function research in recent years， introduces the mutagenesis principle， mutagen concentration， mutagen time， mutagenic material selection and the screening of mutants， and the future research on EMS mutagenesis in gramineous plants was prospected， this information can provide reference for EMS mutagenesis research of gramineous plants in the future.

The type-B authentic response regulator （B-ARR） family members are positive regulators in cytokinin signal transduction， and play important roles in plant growth and development and resistance to abiotic stresses. However， there are few studies on the B-ARR gene family in wheat. In this study， 25 B-ARR gene family members were identified from wheat genome， and their physicochemical properties， gene structure， cis-acting elements and abiotic stress-induced expression patterns were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The results showed that all B-ARR proteins were localized in the nucleus based on bioinformatics prediction， and their secondary structure was mainly consisting of α-helix and random crimp. B-ARR genes were not evenly distributed on wheat chromosomes， and the number of B-ARR genes was the highest on chromosome 7. In addition， multiple cis-acting regulatory elements related to growth and development， hormone response， and biological and abiotic stress have been identified in the promoter regions. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression of TaARRM-like9， TaARRM-like10， TaARRM-like12 and TaARRM-like13 were significantly up-regulated under abiotic stresses treatments， including drought， salt and low temperature. This study laid a foundation for further research on the role of B-ARR transcription factor in wheat development and abiotic stress response.

Chitinase is a kind of glycosyl hydrolases （GH） which hydrolyzes the chitin and other polymers. Chitinase plays an important function in the plant growth and development， as well as in the resistant process to diverse stresses. However， the tissue expression patterns and responses to diverse stresses of chitinase genes in soybean are still unclear， which seriously limited its application in genetic improvement. In this study， the chitinase family genes were identified in the wild soybean （Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.） and cultivated soybean （Glycine max（L.）Merr.）， and the expression patterns were also analyzed. The results showed that 62 and 55 chitinase genes were identified in the wild soybean and cultivated soybean， which located on 17 and 18 chromosomes， respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the chitinase genes were divided into five categories， with Class III and Class V belonging to the GH18 subfamily， while Class I， Class II and Class IV belonging to the GH19 subfamily. Further analysis found many cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of chitinase genes responding to various plant hormones and stresses.Further gene expression analyses in cultivated soybean showed that the chitinase genes presented differential expressions in different tissues and under different stress conditions. Among these genes， Gm.01G142400 and Gm.13G346700 were strongly induced in the leaves of resistant variety after soybean mosaic virus inoculation， Gm.03G254300 and Gm.20G164600 were induced in soybean roots after low phosphorus treatment， and Gm.08G259200 and Gm.19G245400 were induced in soybean nodules under low phosphorus condition. Gene expression analysis in wild soybean showed that the chitinase genes presented differential expressions in different tissues and after salt stress， among which Gs.02G002604 and Gs.02G002940 were highly induced in the leaves of tolerant variety after salt treatment. These results provide important references for further utilizing the chitinase genes in soybean genetic improvement.

In view of the increasingly serious problem of the endangered status of wild rice in Guangxi， in order to rescue the germplasm resources of wild rice in Guangxi and explore its disease resistance genes， the areas with abundant wild rice resources in Guangxi were investigated and collected， and the resistance of white leaf blight and rice blast was identified in some of the collected resources. The results showed that only 24 of the 44 distribution points recorded in the wild rice field in Guangxi still had wild rice distribution， and the endangered situation was very serious， and the proportion of wild rice distribution points disappeared as high as 45.5% in the past 10 years， and the destruction of water sources and weed competition were the main threats to the survival of wild rice. According to the principle of wild rice sampling， a total of 317 germplasm resources from 11 groups of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and Oryza officinalis Wall. were rescued； The resistance to bacterial blight was identified by using the international virulent strain PXO99， and the resistance to rice blast of different isolates （ Guy11， RB22， FJ-3-2， FJ-3-5， FJ-2-3 ） was identified by wounding detached rice leaf. The results showed that 27 bacterial blight resistance resources， 105 rice blast resistance resources， and 5 resources with both bacterial blight resistance and rice blast resistance were identified from 177 wild rice. In view of the problem that the disease-resistant resources of wild rice in Guangxi are rich but disappear seriously， it is suggested to strengthen the collection and protection， and increase the identification of germplasm resources.