生物节水是节水农业发展的重要内容，潜力巨大。本文论述了在中国发展生物节水的必要性和紧迫性，从作物抗旱和水分高效利用的生物学基础、抗旱节水鉴定评价技术指标体系、新品种选育以及作物高效用水的生理调控与非充分灌溉技术等方面，综述国内外生物节水研究进展，在此基础上提出中国目前生物节水研究工作中存在的问题，并探讨了今后生物节水研究的发展方向。

Biology water saving is one of the major fields of water saving agriculture in the future, which has an enormous potential of water saving. In this paper, the necessity and urgency of developing biology water saving were discussed firstly, and then research progresses on biology water saving at home and abroad were introduced as follow aspects: mechanisms of drought resistance and high water use efficiency, criterions for identifing and evaluating drought resistance and water use efficiency, genetic improvement for drought resistance and water use efficiency, water saving irrigation technology based on the physiological regulation and control in crop plants. Major problems in the research field at present were put forward and development trends of biology water saving in the future were discussed at last.