Yr5-virulent races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici possess relative parasitic fitness higher than current main predominant races and potential risk
ZHANG Gen-sheng, SUN Mu-di, MA Xin-yao, LIU Wei, DU Zhi-min, KANG Zhen-sheng, ZHAO Jie
Yr5-virulent races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici possess relative parasitic fitness higher than current main predominant races and potential risk
ZHANG Gen-sheng, SUN Mu-di, MA Xin-yao, LIU Wei, DU Zhi-min, KANG Zhen-sheng, ZHAO Jie#
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat, and seriously threatens safe production of the crop worldwide. In China, new races historically appeared and rapidly developed to be predominant races and have resulted in ineffectiveness and replacement of wheat resistance cultivars as well as massive reduction in yield. In the present study, the relative parasitic fitness of the two newly-emerged Yr5-virulent races (TSA-6 and TSA-9) were compared with those of four currently predominant Chinese races (CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34) based on evaluation on 10 Chinese wheat cultivars. As a result, there were significantly different in the relative parasitic fitness parameters among overall tested races based on multiple comparison (LSD) analysis (P < 0.05). The principal component analysis (PCA) of overall parasitic fitness parameters indicated that the sporulation ability, infection and spore survivability, expansion capacity, and potential pathogenicity were the most important parasitic fitness attributes of the tested races. Based on the establishment of extracted three principal components and a comprehensive factor score mathematical models, evaluations of the parasitic fitness attributes of tested races showed that the level of relative parasitic fitness of the tested six races was: CYR32 (1.15) > TSA-9 (0.95) > TSA-6 (0.92) > CYR34 (0.29) >CYR31 (-1.54) > CYR33 (-1.77). The results indicated that two Yr5-virulent races TSA-9 and TSA-6 possessed relative parasitic fitness higher than races CYR34, CYR31, and CYR33, but lower than race CYR32, and have potential risks in developing to be predominant races. Therefore, continual monitoring of both Yr5-virulent races, and their variants is needed. The use of wheat cultivars (lines) with Yr5 resistance gene singly in wheat breeding is essential for being avoided, and is suggested to combine with other effective stripe rust resistance genes.
wheat stripe rust / Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici / parasitic fitness / Yr5 / new race {{custom_keyword}} /
Badoni S, Chaudhary R, Shekhar R, Badoni S, Ahmad E, Gangwar R P, Tiwari K N, Rawat R S, Deepshikha, Jaiswal J P. 2017. Unveiling sources of stripe rust resistance in diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm using narrow down methodology: a proof of concept. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 20, 393-403.
Bai B B, Liu T G, Liu B, Gao Li, Chen W Q. 2018. High relative parasitic fitness of G22 derivatives is associated with the epidemic potential of wheat stripe rust in China. Plant Disease, 102, 483-487.
Barret J A. 1978. A model of epidemic development in variety mixture. Plant Disease Epidemiology, ed. By Scott and Brainbridge pp. 129-137.
Chen X M. 2005. Epidemiology and control of stripe rust [Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici] on wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 27, 314-337.
Chen X M, Soria M A, Yan G P, Sun J, Dubcovsky J. 2003. Development of ser-friendly PCR markers for wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr5. Crop Science, 43, 2058-2064.
Dong N, Hu H Y, Hu T Z, Li G, Li X J, Chen X D, Zhang Y J, Ru Z G. 2019. Molecular detection and distribution of stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr10 and Yr18 among 348 wheat germplasms. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 28, 1960-1968. (in Chinese)
Groth J V. 1984. Virulence frequency dynamics of cereal rust fungi. Cereal Rust Vol. ed. Academic Press Pp. 231-252.
Groth T V, Person C O. 1977. Genetic interdependance of host parasites in epidemics. In The Genetic Basis of Epidemics of Science. Ed. Day, P. R. The New York Academy of Agriculture, New York. 97-106.
Han D J, Wang Q L, Chen X M, Zeng Q D, Wu J H, Xue W B, Zhan G M, Huang L L, Kang Z S. 2015. Emerging Yr26-virulent races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici are threatening wheat production in the Sichuan Basin, China. Plant Disease, 99, 754-760.
Hu C Y, Wang F T, Lang X W, Feng J, Li K J, Lin R M, Yao X B. 2022. Resistance analyses on wheat stripe rust resistance genes to the predominant races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 55, 491-502. (in Chinese)
Huang J, Jia Q Z, Zhang B, Sun Z Y, Hung M M, Jin S L. 2018. Epidemic forecasting of the new strains G22-9 (CYR34) and G22-14 of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Gansu Province. Journal of Plant Protection, 45, 101-08. (in Chinese)
Jiang Y Y, Liu W C, Huang C, Liu J, Yang Q B, Lu M H. 2017. Forecast on occurrence trend of important diseases and pests on crops in China in 2017. China Plant Protection, 37, 45-49, 57. (in Chinese)
Jiang Y Y, Liu W C, Huang C, Lu M H, Liu J. 2019. Forecast on occurrence trend of important diseases and pests on crops in China in 2019. China Plant Protection, 39, 36-29. (in Chinese)
Ju M, Liu W, Wang L, Sun M D, Kang Z S, Zhao J. 2022. Two main routes of spore migration contributing to the occurrence of wheat stripe rust in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang costal sporadic epidemiological region in 2019 based on phenotyping and genotyping analyses. Plant Disease, 106, 2948-2957
Kang Z S, Wang X J, Zhao J, Tang C L, Huang L L. 2015. Advances in research of pathogenicity and virulence variation of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinai striiformis f. sp. tritici. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 48, 3439-3453. (in Chinese)
Leonard K J, Czochor R J. 1980. Theory of genetic interactions among population of plants and their pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 18, 237-58.
IPPCASS, Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1990. Occurrence and stripe rust and powdery mildew on wheat and its control strategy. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 8, 26-28. (in Chinese)
Li Q, Li G B, Yue W Y, Du J Y, Yang L J, Kang Z S, Jing J X, Wang B T. 2016. Pathogenicity changes of wheat stripe rust fungus and disease resistance of wheat cultivars (lines) in Shaanxi province during 2002-2014. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 46, 374-383. (in Chinese)
Li Y F, Yuan Z Y, Ren H B. 1992. Monitoring and pathogenicity of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici CYR29. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University, 2, 11-13. (in Chinese)
Li Z Q, Zeng S M. 2002. Wheat Rusts in China. China Agriculture Press, Beijing, pp. 379. (in Chinese)
Line R F, Chen X M. 1995. Successes in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts. Plant Disease, 79, 1254-1255.
Line R F, Qayoum A. 1992. Virulence, aggressiveness, evolution, distribution of races of Puccinia striiformis (the cause of stripe rust of wheat) in North America, 1968-1987. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. (Washington DC.) 1788, 44 pages.
Liu B, Liu T G, Zhang Z Y, Jia Q Z, Wang B T, Gao L, Peng Y L, Jin S L, Chen W Q. 2017. Discovery and pathogenicity of CYR34, a new race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 47, 681-687. (in Chinese)
Liu J, Jiang Y Y, Huang C, Wu Q L, Zhang T, Zeng J. 2021. Forecast on occurrence trend of important diseases and pests on food crops in China in 2021. China Plant Protection 41, 37-39, 42. (in Chinese)
Liu T G, Peng Y L, Chen W Q, Zhang Z Y. 2010. First detection of virulence in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China to resistance genes Yr24 (= Yr26) present in wheat cultivar Chuanmai 42. Plant Disease, 94, 1163-1163.
Macer R C F. 1966. The formal and monosomic genetic analysis of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) resistance in wheat. Proc. 2nd Int. Wheat Genet. Symposium, Mackey J (Ed.), Lund, Sweden 1963. Hereditas Suppl. 2,127-142.
Nagarajan S. 1986. Race 13 (67S8) of Puccinia striiformis virulent on Triticum spelta var. album in India. Plant Disease, 70, 173.
NATESC, National Agricultural Technique Extension Service Center of China. 2022. Forecast on occurrence trend of important diseases and pests on crops in China in 2022. China Plant Protection, 42, 107-108. (in Chinese)
Parlevliet J E. 1979. Components of resistance that reduce the rate of epidemic development. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 17, 203-222.
Smith P H, Hadfield J, Hart N J, Koebner R M, Boyd L A. 2007. STS markers for the wheat yellow rust resistance gene Yr5 suggest a NBS-LRR-type resistance gene cluster. Genome, 50, 259-265.
Song W Z, Zhang Z J. 1990. The study on the method to estimate fitness of wheat variety yellow rust race. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis, S1, 170-173. (in Chinese)
Tekin M, Cat A, Akan K, Catal M, Akar T. 2021. A new virulent race of wheat stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on the resistance gene Yr5 in Turkey. Plant Disease, 105: 3292-3292.
Wan A M, Zhao Z H, Chen X M, He Z H, Jin S L, Jia Q Z, Yao G, Yang J X, Wang B T, Li G B, Bi Y Q, Yuan Z Y. 2004. Wheat stripe rust epidemic and virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China in 2002. Plant Disease, 88, 896-904.
Wan A M, Zhao Z H, Wu L R. 2003. Reviews of occurrence of wheat stripe rust in 2002 in China. Plant Protection, 29, 5-8. (in Chinese)
Wan A M, Chen X M, He Z H. 2007. Wheat Stripe Rust in China. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, 605-619.
Wang B T, Li C B, Li Q, Wang F, Shi Y Q, Liu Q R, Kang Z S. 2009. Parasitic fitness of major epidemic stains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 39, 82-87. (in Chinese)
Wang K N, Hong X W, Si Q M, Wang J X, Shen J P. 1963. Studies on the physiologic specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China. Journal of Plant Protection, 2, 23-36. (in Chinese)
Wang L, Zheng D, Zuo S X, Chen X M, Zhuang H, Huang L L, Kang Z S, Zhao J. 2018. Inheritance and linkage of virulence genes in Chinese predominant race CYR32 of the wheat stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 120.
Wang M N, Chen X M. 2017. Stripe rust resistance. Pages 353-558 in, X. M. Chen and Z. S. Kang eds., Stripe Rust. Springer, Dordrecht.
Wang M N, Wan A M, Chen X M. 2022. Race characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the United States from 2013 to 2017. Plant Disease, 106, 1462-1473.
Wang Q, Ma J J, Yang L J, Li Q, Wang B T. 2017. Population structure and diversity analysis of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Hubei province in 2015. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 37, 275-280. (in Chinese)
Wellings C R. 2011. Global status of stripe rust, a review of historical and current threats. Euphytica 179, 129-141.
Wellings C R, McIntosh R A. 1990. Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Australasia: pathogenic changes during the first 10 years. Plant Pathology, 39, 316-325.
Wu L R, Yang H A, Yuan W H, Song W Z, Yang J X, Li Y F, Bi Y Q. 1993. On the physioligic specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China during 1985-1990. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 23, 269-274. (in Chinese)
Xue W B, Xu X, Mu J M, Wang Q L, Wu J H, Huang L L, Kang Z S, Han D. J. 2014. Evaluation of stripe rust resistance and genes in Chinese elite wheat varieties. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 34, 1054-1060. (in Chinese)
Xia T, Li J J, Li Qiang, Li C B, Wang F, Kang Z S, Wang B T. 2012. Determination of parasitic fitness of T4 new strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to ‘Zhong 4’. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 42, 594-599. (in Chinese)
Yang L J, Zeng F S, Gong S J, Zhang X J, Wang H, Xiang L B, Yu D Z. 2013. Evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew in 68 Chinese major wheat cultivars and postulation of their resistance genes. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 46, 3351-3368. (in Chinese)
Yuan F M, Quan Y J, Liu D M, Chen Z G. 2019. Molecular identification of resistance to strip rust in 197 wheat cultivars (lines) and germplasm resources from Qinghai Plateau. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32, 1-13. (in Chinese)
Zeng S. M. 1996. Study on the method of estimation of relative parasitic fitness of plant pathogenic fungi, examplified with Puccinia striiformis West. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 26, 97-104. (in Chinese)
Zhang C F, Shang H S, Li Z Q. 1994. Parasitic fitness of the major epidemic races of wheat stripe rust in China. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 22, 28-32.
Zhang G S, Zhao Y Y, Kang Z S, Zhao J. 2020. First Report of a Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici race virulent to wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr5 in China. Plant Disease, 104, 284-284.
Zhang G S, Liu W, Chen XR, Wang L, Tian X X, Du Z M, Kang Z S, Zhao J. 2022. Evaluation on potential risk of the emerging Yr5-virulent races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to 165 Chinese wheat cultivars. Plant Disease, 106, 1867-1874.
Zhang G. S, Liu W, Wang L, Ju M, Tian X X, Du Z M, Kang Z S, Zhao J. 2022. Genetic characteristics and linkage of virulence genes of the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici TSA-6 isolate to Yr5 host resistance. Plant Disease, 107, 688-700
Zhao J, Wang M N, Chen X M, Kang Z S. 2016. Role of Alternate hosts in epidemiology and pathogen variation of cereal rusts. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 54, 207-228.
Zhao J, Wang L, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang H, Yao J, Zhan G, Chen W, Huang L, Kang Z. 2013. Identification of eighteen Berberis species as alternate hosts of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and virulence variation in the pathogen isolates from natural infection of barberry plants in China. Phytopathology, 103, 927-934.
Zhao M Q, Zhao Z M, Ma Z H, Zeng S M. 1997. Studies on the methods of estimating parasitic fitness of Magnaporthe grisea Barr. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2, 51-57. (in Chinese)
Zhou J, Li K Y, Zhang L, Peng Q, Xu R H, Ren M J. 2020. Identification of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust and molecular marker detection of Yr gene in 242 wheat varieties (lines). Journal of Agricultural Science, 49, 84-97. (in Chinese)
Collection(s)
/
〈 |
|
〉 |