
Effects of Starvation on the Growth and Development of Athetis dissimilis Larvae
ZHANGTiansi, HANShengjie, YUANHaozhan, SONGYueqin
Effects of Starvation on the Growth and Development of Athetis dissimilis Larvae
The research on the starvation tolerance of Athetis dissimilis larvae is helpful to understand the living habits of this insect and to better control the pest. In this study, the survival rate, growth and development of A. dissimilis larvae were measured by starvation and refeeding after starvation. The results showed that all larvae from 2-day-old to 12-day-old died after starvation treatment, and the hunger tolerance became stronger with the increase of day-old. The average survival time of 12-day-old larvae was 11.90 days after starvation treatment. After starvation treatment, 64.4% of 14-day-old larvae could pupate. After the refeeding treatment, life period of 4 and 8-day-old larvae was significantly prolonged and the pupa weight was significantly decreased with the extension of starvation time. After the 12-day-old larvae were starved for a short time, the larval development time increased significantly, but the pupa weight did not decrease significantly. The results indicated that the older the larva, the stronger the ability to resist hunger, and the larva could cause repeated damage after repeated feeding. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the scientific control of this insect.
Athetis dissimilis / larva / starvation / refeeding / growth and development {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 不同因素及其互作对加工品质影响的方差分析 |
因素 | 糙米率 | 精米率 | 整精米率 |
---|---|---|---|
A | ** | ** | ** |
B | ** | ** | ** |
C | ** | ** | ** |
A×B | ** | ** | ** |
A×C | ** | ** | ** |
B×C | ** | ** | ** |
A×B×C | ** | ** | ** |
注:*和**分别表示在5%和1%水平上差异显著,ns表示差异不显著。下同。 |
表2 不同处理组合对加工品质的影响 |
处理组合 | 糙米率/% | 精米率/% | 整精米率/% |
---|---|---|---|
A1B1C1 | 72.21 n | 65.24 m | 51.51 o |
A1B1C2 | 73.19 m | 65.72 l | 52.97 n |
A1B1C3 | 76.70 fg | 70.24 h | 63.13 h |
A1B1C4 | 74.89 jk | 68.41 j | 61.57 i |
A1B2C1 | 74.32 kl | 65.80 l | 52.76 n |
A1B2C2 | 75.97 hi | 67.57 k | 56.86 l |
A1B2C3 | 79.85 c | 72.28 f | 65.60 ef |
A1B2C4 | 69.69 o | 58.14 o | 54.04 m |
A2B1C1 | 76.55 fgh | 68.64 j | 60.94 j |
A2B1C2 | 77.04 ef | 73.29 e | 68.22 c |
A2B1C3 | 76.44 fgh | 70.16 h | 65.44 f |
A2B1C4 | 75.88 hi | 69.90 hi | 64.38 g |
A2B2C1 | 67.50 p | 63.30 n | 59.92 k |
A2B2C2 | 76.12 ghi | 71.29 g | 66.03 ef |
A2B2C3 | 75.51 ij | 69.62 i | 65.83 ef |
A2B2C4 | 74.02 l | 64.96 m | 61.42 ij |
A3B1C1 | 78.44 d | 72.18 f | 63.02 h |
A3B1C2 | 85.17 a | 80.38 a | 72.60 a |
A3B1C3 | 80.08 c | 78.52 b | 69.28 b |
A3B1C4 | 79.96 c | 75.70 d | 68.45 c |
A3B2C1 | 77.67 e | 72.14 f | 66.21 e |
A3B2C2 | 83.38 b | 78.12 c | 68.25 c |
A3B2C3 | 77.75 de | 72.46 f | 67.11 d |
A3B2C4 | 76.93 f | 70.04 h | 65.95 ef |
注:同列中不同小写字母表示5%水平差异显著。下同。 |
表3 不同因素及其互作对外观品质影响的方差分析 |
因素 | 垩白粒率 | 垩白大小 | 垩白度 |
---|---|---|---|
A | ** | ** | ** |
B | ns | ** | * |
C | ** | ** | ** |
A×B | ns | ** | ns |
A×C | ns | ** | ** |
B×C | ns | ns | ns |
A×B×C | ns | ns | ns |
表4 不同处理组合对外观品质的影响 |
处理组合 | 垩白粒率/% | 垩白大小/% | 垩白度/% |
---|---|---|---|
A1B1C1 | 13.33 abc | 21.83 defg | 2.92 bcd |
A1B1C2 | 13.00 abc | 20.33 ghijkl | 2.64 cdef |
A1B1C3 | 12.00 bcdef | 20.17 hijkl | 2.42 defg |
A1B1C4 | 14.67 a | 23.00 cd | 3.37 ab |
A1B2C1 | 12.33 abcde | 25.83 a | 3.17 abc |
A1B2C2 | 12.00 bcdef | 23.17 cd | 2.78 cde |
A1B2C3 | 11.67 bcdefg | 21.67 defgh | 2.52 def |
A1B2C4 | 14.00 ab | 26.33 a | 3.69 a |
A2B1C1 | 11.00 cdefg | 20.50 fghijk | 2.26 efg |
A2B1C2 | 9.67 fghi | 19.50 jklm | 1.88 ghi |
A2B1C3 | 12.00 bcdef | 21.83 defg | 2.62 cdef |
A2B1C4 | 12.67 abcd | 24.83 ab | 3.15 abc |
A2B2C1 | 12.00 bcdef | 21.67 defgh | 2.60 cdef |
A2B2C2 | 11.00 cdefg | 21.33 efghi | 2.33 efg |
A2B2C3 | 12.33 abcde | 22.33 cde | 2.77 cde |
A2B2C4 | 13.33 abc | 23.83 bc | 3.18 abc |
A3B1C1 | 8.33 hi | 19.00 klm | 1.58 hi |
A3B1C2 | 7.33 i | 18.17 m | 1.33 i |
A3B1C3 | 10.00 efgh | 21.00 efghij | 2.10 fgh |
A3B1C4 | 10.33 defgh | 22.50 cde | 2.33 efg |
A3B2C1 | 9.33 ghi | 19.83 ijkl | 1.85 ghi |
A3B2C2 | 8.00 hi | 18.83 lm | 1.51 i |
A3B2C3 | 11.33 cdefg | 22.00 def | 2.50 def |
A3B2C4 | 12.00 bcdef | 23.17 cd | 2.78 cde |
表5 不同因素及其互作对蒸煮食味与营养品质影响的方差分析 |
处理 | 直链淀粉含量 | 胶稠度 | 蛋白质含量 |
---|---|---|---|
A | * | ** | ** |
B | ** | * | ** |
C | ns | ** | ** |
A×B | ** | ns | ** |
A×C | ns | ns | ** |
B×C | ns | ns | ** |
A×B×C | ns | ** | ** |
表6 不同处理组合对蒸煮食味与营养品质的影响 |
处理组合 | 直链淀粉含量/% | 胶稠度/mm | 蛋白质含量/(g/100g) |
---|---|---|---|
A1B1C1 | 12.34 bcdef | 73.04 jk | 5.81 s |
A1B1C2 | 12.43 bcde | 75.56 ij | 5.80 t |
A1B1C3 | 12.56 bc | 79.41 cdefghi | 5.63 w |
A1B1C4 | 12.52 bcd | 76.14 hij | 5.84 q |
A1B2C1 | 11.89 cdef | 70.56 k | 6.16 k |
A1B2C2 | 11.78 def | 77.89 fghi | 6.78 b |
A1B2C3 | 11.72 ef | 73.07 jk | 6.91 a |
A1B2C4 | 11.65 f | 72.45 jk | 6.77 c |
A2B1C1 | 13.63 a | 77.24 ghi | 6.10 l |
A2B1C2 | 13.68 a | 83.94 ab | 6.65 d |
A2B1C3 | 13.10 ab | 80.48 bcdefg | 5.97 n |
A2B1C4 | 13.54 a | 80.14 cdefgh | 5.78 v |
A2B2C1 | 12.12 cdef | 78.08 efghi | 6.31 h |
A2B2C2 | 12.08 cdef | 78.12 defghi | 6.40 e |
A2B2C3 | 12.01 cdef | 82.18 abcd | 6.32 g |
A2B2C4 | 12.02 cdef | 78.28 defghi | 6.29 i |
A3B1C1 | 12.46 bcde | 79.74 cdefgh | 5.82 r |
A3B1C2 | 12.41 bcdef | 85.14 a | 6.23 j |
A3B1C3 | 12.53 bcd | 81.98 abcde | 5.85 p |
A3B1C4 | 12.35 bcdef | 83.85 ab | 5.29 x |
A3B2C1 | 11.97 cdef | 78.98 cdefghi | 6.03 m |
A3B2C2 | 11.91 cdef | 80.77 bcdefg | 6.36 f |
A3B2C3 | 11.85 cdef | 81.89 abcdef | 5.94 o |
A3B2C4 | 11.81 cdef | 82.78 abc | 5.79 u |
表7 不同因素及其互作对RVA谱特征值影响的方差分析 |
因素 | 峰值黏度 | 热浆黏度 | 崩解值 | 冷胶黏度 | 消减值 | 峰值时间 | 糊化温度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ns | ns | * | * | * | ns | * |
B | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** |
C | * | ** | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
A×B | ** | ns | ** | ns | ns | ns | * |
A×C | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** |
B×C | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
A×B×C | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表8 不同处理组合对RVA谱特征值的影响 |
处理组合 | 峰值黏度/cP | 热浆黏度/cP | 崩解值/cP | 冷胶黏度/cP | 消减值/cP | 峰值时间/min | 糊化温度/℃ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1B1C1 | 2182 ab | 1147 ab | 1035 abc | 1872 abc | 725 bc | 6.0 a | 84.5 a |
A1B1C2 | 2065 bcdef | 1113 abc | 952 cdefg | 1870 abc | 757 abc | 6.1 a | 85.2 a |
A1B1C3 | 2067 bcdef | 1095 abc | 972 cdef | 1819 abcd | 724 abc | 6.0 a | 84.5 a |
A1B1C4 | 2076 abcdef | 1144 ab | 932 defgh | 1893 a | 749 abc | 6.0 a | 84.3 a |
A1B2C1 | 2082 abcdef | 1143 ab | 936 defg | 1855 abc | 712 abc | 6.0 a | 85.2 a |
A1B2C2 | 1878 hi | 987 cd | 923 efgh | 1836 abcd | 849 a | 5.9 a | 86.0 a |
A1B2C3 | 1973 efghi | 1110 abc | 863 ghi | 1914 a | 804 ab | 6.1 a | 86.0 a |
A1B2C4 | 1984 defghi | 1147 ab | 836 hi | 1887 ab | 739 abc | 6.1 a | 86.0 a |
A2B1C1 | 2094 abcdef | 1102 abc | 992 abcdef | 1738 abcd | 636 c | 6.0 a | 84.4 a |
A2B1C2 | 2146 abcd | 1127 abc | 1019 abcde | 1696 abcd | 669 bc | 5.9 a | 73.1 b |
A2B1C3 | 2112 abcde | 1116 abc | 996 abcdef | 1772 abcd | 656 c | 5.9 a | 84.4 a |
A2B1C4 | 1960 efghi | 1103 abc | 857 ghi | 1758 abcd | 655 c | 6.1 a | 74.8 b |
A2B2C1 | 2034 bcdefgh | 1152 ab | 915 fgh | 1779 abcd | 693 bc | 6.0 a | 85.2 a |
A2B2C2 | 2161 abc | 1081 abcd | 1080 ab | 1723 abcd | 642 c | 5.9 a | 82.8 a |
A2B2C3 | 2113 abcde | 1068 abcd | 1045 abc | 1716 abcd | 648 c | 5.9 a | 84.5 a |
A2B2C4 | 2239 a | 1212 a | 1027 abcd | 1885 ab | 673 bc | 6.0 a | 84.5 a |
A3B1C1 | 1894 ghi | 1002 bcd | 925 efgh | 1615 d | 646 c | 5.9 a | 72.3 b |
A3B1C2 | 1854 i | 1050 bcd | 1087 a | 1687 abcd | 637 c | 6.0 a | 85.2 a |
A3B1C3 | 2020 bcdefgh | 933 d | 804 i | 1615 d | 682 bc | 5.8 a | 73.3 b |
A3B1C4 | 2144 abcd | 1143 ab | 1000 abcdef | 1767 abcd | 623 c | 6.0 a | 82.8 a |
A3B2C1 | 2082 abcdef | 1116 abc | 966 cdef | 1769 abcd | 653 c | 6.0 a | 73.2 b |
A3B2C2 | 1945 fghi | 1021 bcd | 924 efgh | 1652 bcd | 631 c | 5.9 a | 84.4 a |
A3B2C3 | 2012 cdefghi | 1027 bcd | 985 bcdef | 1642 cd | 615 c | 5.9 a | 72.3 b |
A3B2C4 | 2053 bcdefg | 1101 abc | 952 cdefg | 1757 abcd | 656 c | 6.0 a | 83.6 a |
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