Effects of Rice-crab Coculture on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities

CHENYouming, GUOYanru, MAXingkong, TIANJian, DONGYuanhua

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (18) : 58-65. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0592

Effects of Rice-crab Coculture on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities

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Abstract

To explore the effects of rice-crab coculture on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities, the differences of seven soil physical and chemical indexes and four soil enzyme activities between rice-crab coculture and rice monoculture were studied by using the cement pond simulating paddy field environment. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil bulk density, soil water content and total reducing substances between rice-crab coculture and rice monoculture (P<0.05). The total organic carbon of the rice-crab group was slightly higher than that of rice filed group, but the total nitrogen was slightly lower than that of rice field group. There was a significant difference in Eh between the rice-crab group and the rice monoculture group with a difference of 20.95%. The mechanical composition of soil particle size in rice-crab group and rice field group was silt>clay >coarse and fine sand, and the proportion of silt was more than 80%, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). With the increase of soil depth, the activities of four enzymes in rice filed group decreased significantly. The activities of urease, cellulase and sucrase in the rice-crab group showed the same trends as those in the rice field group, but the acid phosphatase did not change. It could be seen that the introduction of crabs into the integrated rice-crab system reduced the soil bulk density, increased the soil water content, and improved the soil quality. Soil enzyme activities were stronger in the 10-15 cm bottom soil where rice roots were more distributed, which promoted the efficient utilization of carbon and nitrogen by rice in the integrated rice-crab system. Therefore, the integrated rice-crab system is beneficial to both rice growth and crab culture, and can be used as an ecological planting and breeding model in Jiangsu Province.

Key words

rice-crab coculture / soil bulk density / soil water content / total reducing substances / soil particle diameter / soil enzyme activity

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CHEN Youming , GUO Yanru , MA Xingkong , TIAN Jian , DONG Yuanhua. Effects of Rice-crab Coculture on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2024, 40(18): 58-65 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0592

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通过2年田间定位试验,研究了冀东地区小麦-玉米轮作制度下,不同促腐条件下玉米秸秆配施化肥直接还田对土壤微生物量C、N、P动态变化的影响,并讨论了其与土壤养分和酶活性的关系.结果表明,秸秆配施化肥并调节其C/N条件下,施用促腐剂处理作物各生育期土壤微生物量C、N、P均表现出高于未施用处理的趋势,并使微生物量N、P达到高峰期的时间提前,对土壤养分调控效果较好.土壤微生物量C、N、P与土壤酶活性在作物各生育期均表现为显著和极显著正相关关系,但与土壤碱解氮、有效磷的相关性受到施肥制度和作物生长的强烈影响.
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