To lay a statistical foundation for wild birds investigation and their epidemic disease monitoring, this study investigated the species, numbers, residence type and community diversity of wild birds in Shandong Nansi Lake Nature Reserve. From 2018 to 2021, we applied line transects and direct counting to the monitoring and investigation of wild birds of Nansi Lake Nature Reserve, recorded 129 species of 43 families and 15 orders, with a total number of 34700 birds. 3 species of them were listed as the first category nationally protected birds, which were Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri), white crane (Grus leucogeranus), oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana). 12 species of them were listed as the second category nationally protected birds. Passeriformes had the highest number of recorded species, with 74 species accounting for 57.36% of the total. In terms of the number of individuals, birds of Gruiformes (47.40%) were the most monitored, followed by Passeriformes (30.02%), and Anseriformes (16.57%). Coot chicken (Fulica atra), common pochard (Aythya ferina), egret (Egretta garzetta) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus) were the dominant bird species. Birds in Nansi Lake were mainly migratory birds; the diversity index was the greatest during spring and summer. The diversity and evenness index were the highest at fish pond and wetland and the least on open water. The basic data of wild birds biodiversity in the region were obtained, which could lay a solid foundation for wild birds investigation and epidemic disease monitoring in the future.