PDF(1293 KB)
Irrigation and Nitrogen Supply Methods: Effect on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Maize
Wang Jiwei, Qi Dongliang
PDF(1293 KB)
PDF(1293 KB)
Irrigation and Nitrogen Supply Methods: Effect on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Maize
The aim is to investigate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods on leaf physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of maize. With spring maize ‘Yidan 22’ as material, leaf area index (LAI) and indexes of leaf physiological characteristics during the maize growing season and the yield under the different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods were measured. The results showed that, compared with the conventional irrigation coupled with conventional nitrogen supply method (CICN), alternate furrow irrigation coupled with conventional nitrogen (AICN) or alternate furrow irrigation coupled with alternate nitrogen supply in coordinating supply of water and nitrogen (AIANS) significantly increased LAI and chlorophyll content in ear leaf at the tasselling stage and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th day after tasselling, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities and soluble protein content at the tasselling, filling and milk stages, and rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield (P<0.05); but significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and proline contents (P<0.05). Therefore, AICN and AIANS are useful to improve LAI, antioxidant enzyme activities and the relationship between production and clearance of reactive oxygen, leading to a high grain yield of maize.
irrigation / fertilization / leaf area / leaf senescence / grain yield / maize {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 试验设计 |
| 处理 | 灌水方式 | 施氮方式 |
|---|---|---|
| AIAND | 交替灌水(AI) | 交替施氮(AN) |
| AIANS | 交替施氮(AN） | |
| AICN | 均匀施氮(CN) | |
| CIAN | 均匀灌水(CI) | 交替施氮(AN) |
| CICN | 均匀施氮(CN) |
| 注：AIANS代表灌水和施氮在同一沟内,AIAND指灌水沟和施氮沟相反。 |
表2 灌水与施氮的时期与位置 |
| 时期 | 播后天数/d | 交替施氮 | 均匀施氮 | 交替灌水 | 均匀灌水 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 播前 | -1 | 南侧沟 | 两侧沟 | ||
| 播后 | 2 | 两侧沟 | 两侧沟 | ||
| 拔节 | 40 | 南/北侧沟 | 两侧沟 | ||
| 大喇叭口 | 69 | 北侧沟 | 两侧沟 | 南/北侧沟 | 两侧沟 |
| 抽雄 | 80 | 南侧沟 | 两侧沟 | 南/北侧沟 | 两侧沟 |
| 灌浆 | 93 | 南/北侧沟 | 两侧沟 | ||
| 乳熟 | 105 | 南/北侧沟 | 两侧沟 |
| 注：对AIANS和AIAND,拔节期分别灌南侧沟和北侧沟。设定播种时的天数为0天。 |
表3 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米抽雄期、灌浆期和乳熟期穗位叶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响 |
| 处理 | 超氧化物歧化酶/[U/(g·min)] | 过氧化物酶/[μg/(g·min)] | 过氧化氢酶/[μmol H2O2/(g·min)] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 抽雄期 | 灌浆期 | 乳熟期 | 抽雄期 | 灌浆期 | 乳熟期 | 抽雄期 | 灌浆期 | 乳熟期 | |||
| CICN | 710c | 745c | 703c | 56.53b | 64.11c | 50.54c | 24.54b | 32.54c | 21.11c | ||
| CIAN | 720c | 753c | 710c | 58.96b | 70.54c | 55.43c | 25.38b | 35.65c | 22.34c | ||
| AICN | 794a | 808a | 786a | 65.87a | 81.76a | 68.75a | 30.12a | 44.87b | 27.82b | ||
| AIANS | 787a | 810a | 790a | 67.82a | 85.43a | 67.11a | 32.11a | 48.14a | 28.98b | ||
| AIAND | 750b | 777b | 754b | 60.53b | 76.12b | 60.45b | 30.14a | 43.13b | 35.42a | ||
| 注：同列数字不同字母表示差异性达0.05显著水平,下同。SOD、POD和CAT均按单位鲜重计。 |
表4 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米抽雄期、灌浆期和乳熟期穗位可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量的影响 |
| 处理 | 可溶性糖/(mg/g) | 可溶性蛋白/(mg/g) | 脯氨酸/(mg/g) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 抽雄期 | 灌浆期 | 乳熟期 | 抽雄期 | 灌浆期 | 乳熟期 | 抽雄期 | 灌浆期 | 乳熟期 | |||
| CICN | 33.12a | 37.84a | 20.17a | 15.84c | 12.34c | 6.21b | 48.45a | 77.87a | 40.11a | ||
| CIAN | 34.13a | 39.55a | 20.65a | 16.43c | 13.12c | 7.08b | 47.14a | 78.14a | 39.87a | ||
| AICN | 28.17c | 31.22c | 20.21a | 19.42a | 16.87a | 8.13a | 43.13c | 70.21c | 33.24b | ||
| AIANS | 27.14c | 32.13c | 19.38a | 20.11a | 17.61a | 9.12a | 42.76c | 68.45c | 34.13b | ||
| AIAND | 30.17b | 34.37b | 19.21a | 18.45b | 15.31b | 7.56b | 45.63b | 72.14b | 36.81b | ||
表5 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米产量及构成因素的影响 |
| 处理 | 行数 | 行粒数 | 穗粒数 | 千粒质量/g | 籽粒产量/(kg/hm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CICN | 15.5b | 19.4b | 398.7c | 290.1b | 7231c |
| CIAN | 16.1b | 20.0b | 402.4c | 287.6b | 7380c |
| AICN | 18.7a | 24.5a | 430.1a | 315.7a | 8219a |
| AIANS | 19.1a | 25.1a | 433.4a | 313.4a | 8453a |
| AIAND | 17.4b | 22.2b | 415.7b | 311.4a | 7888b |
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表1 试验设计表2 灌水与施氮的时期与位置
图1 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米叶面积指数的影响图2 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量的影响表3 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米抽雄期、灌浆期和乳熟期穗位叶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响图3 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米穗位叶MDA含量的影响表4 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米抽雄期、灌浆期和乳熟期穗位可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量的影响表5 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米产量及构成因素的影响/
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