Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bougainvillea Overwintering

Ma Xiaohua, Hu Qingdi, Zheng Jian, Zhang Xule, Liu Hongjian, Qian Renjuan

PDF(1299 KB)
PDF(1299 KB)
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8) : 48-53. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0640

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bougainvillea Overwintering

Author information +
History +

Abstract

To study the adaptability of different Bougainvillea varieties under low temperature, 7 kinds of healthy and mature Bougainvillea plants ‘Brazil Purple’, ‘Mosaic Red’, ‘Green Cherry’, ‘Yunnan Purple’, ‘Pearl White’, ‘Lemon Yellow’ and ‘Chinese Red’ of two-year-old were used as the experimental materials to determine the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble protein and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the generation rate of superoxide radicals (O2 ·-) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) during the natural overwintering process. The results showed that the content of MDA, proline, soluble protein and H2O2 of different Bougainvillea varieties had significantly different variation trends during the natural overwintering period. The proline content of ‘Lemon Yellow’ showed a gradual decrease with the decrease of temperature; that of ‘Green Cherry’ and ‘Brazil Purple’ decreased first and then increased with the decline of natural temperature. The H2O2 content of ‘Brazil Purple’, ‘Mosaic Red’, ‘Green Cherry’ and ‘Yunnan Purple’ all had an increase-decrease-increase-decrease trend as the temperature decreased during the winter. The POD activity of ‘Yunnan Purple’ first increased and then decreased; while the POD activity of ‘Chinese Red’ showed a gradual decrease as the temperature decreased. Therefore, the low temperature adaptability of different Bougainvillea varieties is indeed very different, ‘Chinese Red’, ‘Brazil Purple’ and ‘Lemon Yellow’ show a strong low temperature adaptability; ‘Green Cherry’ and ‘Yunnan Purple’ have a weak low-temperature resistance, but they could survive safely overwintering, while ‘Mosaic Red’ and ‘Pearl White’ need to have leaf fall to adapt to the low temperature environment during the winter.

Key words

Bougainvillea / overwintering / low temperature / soluble protein / antioxidant enzymes

Cite this article

Download Citations
Ma Xiaohua , Hu Qingdi , Zheng Jian , Zhang Xule , Liu Hongjian , Qian Renjuan. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bougainvillea Overwintering. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2021, 37(8): 48-53 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0640

0 引言

油甘(Phyllanthus emblica)又称余甘子,是大戟科叶下珠属一类小乔木,主要种植在马来西亚、泰国和印度等热带与亚热带国家,中国云南、广东和福建等南方地区也有广泛分布。油甘是药食兼用水果[1-4],风味独特,营养丰富,尤其维生素C含量远高于其他水果,且含有大量蛋白质和微量元素等,具有消炎、抗氧化、抗癌和抗衰等功效[5-9],受到人们广泛关注。油甘果实可通过腌制、提取、榨汁、发酵等不同方式加工成各种产品[10-11]。随着鲜食果茶的盛行,油甘需求量显著增加,栽培面积也逐年攀升,已成为乡村振兴的重要树种。
油甘果实采后容易被青霉、链格孢属真菌等有害微生物侵染[12-13],同时面临着果实失水率和腐烂率高、褐化快等问题[14],因此油甘果实的采后保鲜是产业化面临的主要问题之一。留树保鲜是通过喷施生长调节剂、覆膜和套袋等方式延长果实采收期,从而错开上市高峰,提升果农收益。早在20世纪80年代,国内外众多学者就相继开展了水果留树保鲜的相关研究,Jacqueline等[15]研究发现留树保鲜不利于早熟葡萄柚的粒化发育;Mnhamed等[16]研究表明2,4-D与GA3混用可延长柑橘留树保鲜的时间和采收期;王春燕等[17]研究红毛丹留树保鲜时发现,40天时红毛丹可溶性固形物和糖的含量显著上升,明确了红毛丹留树保鲜的最佳时间;刘珞忆等[18]研究表明脐橙留树保鲜30天和75天为最佳采收时期。但对油甘留树保鲜的研究鲜见报道,以往研究多集中在采后储藏[19-21]、不同品种成分提取和分析[22-29]、品种选育[30-33]等方面,导致留树保鲜技术在油甘生产中的应用和推广受限。
果实挂果期是决定留树保鲜时长的重要因素,不同水果挂果时间差异较大,如晚熟龙眼最长挂果期仅19天[34],而脐橙的挂果期可达140天[35]。赖多等[36]通过分析10月、12月和次年1月‘白玉油甘’的果实品质,发现留树保鲜3个月后油甘果实单宁含量显著降低,而维生素C含量显著上升。涩味和化渣率是影响油甘鲜食品质的重要因素,油甘在生产中挂果期长达半年之久,但半年后油甘的品质如何变化,如口感、风味和营养价值等升高亦或降低,这方面的研究却未见报道。鉴于此,笔者以晚熟新品种‘上湖仙’油甘[33]为试材,分别在11月、次年1和4月分别采样,测定其果实品质及功能性成分等变化,评价油甘留树保鲜不同时间后的品质优劣,以期为油甘留树保鲜技术的推广应用提供理论指导。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

‘上湖仙’油甘种植于广东省潮州市果树研究所(23.69°N,116.88°E)。以11月上旬成熟的油甘作对照,留树保鲜果实分别于次年的1月和4月采摘,中间相隔3个月,采样时随机选取大小一致、成熟度相同且无病虫为害的健康油甘果实100个。

1.2 试验方法

‘上湖仙’油甘正季果实(11月上旬成熟)和留树保鲜果实采摘后立即运回广东省农业科学院果树研究所资源与环境研究室处理,经冷冻干燥后粉碎过筛,粉末装于密封离心管中,4℃低温保存待用。采用微量法测定样品中的氨基酸、糖、营养成分、功能性成分和酶活性共24个指标,按试剂盒说明书进行操作,试剂盒均购自苏州科铭生物技术有限公司。

1.3 数据处理与分析

采用Microsoft Excel 2016软件对数据进行处理。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行单因素方差和皮尔森相关性分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 留树保鲜对油甘氨基酸含量的影响

表1显示,留树保鲜的油甘果实中氨基酸含量与正季采收(11月上旬)相比呈上升趋势,且留树保鲜时间越长氨基酸含量越高。所测氨基酸结果中,除赖氨酸含量在次年1月采收与11月正季采收相比差异不显著外(P>0.05),半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸的含量在留树保鲜3个月和6个月后均显著(P<0.05)上升趋势。其中,半胱氨酸、脯氨酸的含量在11月采收时分别为12.54、0.21 mg/g,留树保鲜至次年1月其含量为17.32、0.37 mg/g,4月采收的含量达到24.14、0.51 mg/g,约为正季采收果实的2倍;谷氨酸、赖氨酸和羟脯氨酸的含量在留树保鲜6个月后的含量分别是正季果的1.23、1.58和1.56倍。可见,‘上湖仙’油甘的氨基酸含量随留树保鲜时间的延长而增加。
表1 留树保鲜对油甘氨基酸的影响 mg/g
氨基酸 11月 1月 4月
半胱氨酸/(mg/g) 12.54±2.93a 17.32±1.88b 24.14±1.04c
谷氨酸/(mg/g) 1.66±0.01a 1.91±0.23b 2.05±0.28c
赖氨酸/(mg/g) 7.87±0.08a 8.14±0.16a 12.40±0.95b
脯氨酸/(mg/g) 0.21±0.01a 0.37±0.02b 0.51±0.01c
羟脯氨酸/(μg/g) 66.64±6.90a 89.31±4.87b 104.05±18.24c
注:同行数据后小写英文字母不同表示差异显著,P<0.05,下同。

2.2 留树保鲜对油甘糖含量的影响

与正季采收相比,‘上湖仙’油甘经留树保鲜后果实中总糖、蔗糖和还原糖的含量均显著(P<0.05)下降趋势,留树保鲜时间越长,下降越显著(表2)。总糖含量从119.16 mg/g(11月采收)下降至98.35 mg/g(1月采收)和78.34 mg/g(4月采收);还原糖含量下降最显著,次年4月采收与11月相比下降了46.9%。可见,留树保鲜不利于总糖、蔗糖和还原糖的积累。
表2 留树保鲜对油甘糖类的影响 mg/g
糖类 11月 1月 4月
总糖 119.16±4.40a 98.35±6.47b 78.34±3.97c
蔗糖 42.34±1.83a 37.61±2.94b 33.59±4.52c
还原糖 58.67±4.81a 44.85±3.76b 31.12±0.88c

2.3 留树保鲜对油甘营养成分的影响

正季油甘果实的水溶性果胶含量为1.87 mg/g,次年1、4月采收的含量分别为1.86、1.81 mg/g,留树保鲜后的含量与正季果相比差异不显著(P>0.05)(表3)。
表3 留树保鲜对油甘营养成分的影响
营养成分 11月 1月 4月
水溶性果胶 1.87±0.18a 1.86±0.18a 1.81±0.05a
还原型抗坏血酸 6.05±0.18a 7.80±0.11b 7.43±0.23b
单宁 5.08±0.07a 3.92±0.26b 3.33±0.48b
纤维素 95.28±8.45a 80.41±2.99b 78.02±3.38b
留树保鲜后的油甘果实中单宁和纤维素含量与正季油甘相比显著降低(P<0.05),还原型抗坏血酸(维生素C)的含量却显著升高,但留树保鲜3个月与6个月相比差异不显著。可见,‘上湖仙’油甘经留树保鲜处理后对果实水溶性果胶的影响不大,但可显著提升还原型抗坏血酸的含量,降低单宁和纤维素的含量。

2.4 留树保鲜对油甘功能性成分的影响

表4数据显示,留树保鲜后油甘的总抗氧化能力、原花青素、类黄酮和总酚含量均呈显著下降趋势(P< 0.05)。油甘果实的总抗氧化能力经留树保鲜3个月和6个月后,分别降低了53.54%和68.75%;原花青素含量降低了46.03%和49.87%;类黄酮含量下降了48.96%和72.73%;总酚含量下降了55.93%和77.75%。尽管‘上湖仙’油甘的留树保鲜不利于原花青素、类黄酮和总酚积累,但这些酚类物质含量的降低有助于减轻果实涩味、提升口感。
表4 留树保鲜对油甘功能性成分的影响
功能性成分 11月 1月 4月
总抗氧化能力/(μmol/mg) 5.92±0.37a 2.75±0.22b 1.85±0.05c
原花青素/(mg/g) 7.80±0.11a 4.21±0.09b 3.91±0.15b
类黄酮/(mg/g) 34.21±1.84a 17.46±0.97b 9.33±0.48c
总酚/(mg/g) 58.02±3.38a 25.57±0.75b 12.91±0.07c

2.5 留树保鲜对油甘酶活性的影响

油甘果实中的8种酶活性在次年1月采收与正季11月采收相比均发生显著变化,其中酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶含量均显著降低,而碱性磷酸酶、羧酸酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶含量显著升高。油甘果实留树保鲜至4月采收时,羧酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶含量与1月采收的油甘相比差异不显著,即这3种酶活力的变化受留树保鲜时间影响不大;而其他5种酶与1月采收的油甘相比均差异显著(表5)。其中,留树保鲜油甘中4月采收与正季11月采收相比,上升最显著的酶为过氧化物酶,提升了50%,而下降最显著的为酸性磷酸酶,下降了75.42%。综上,油甘的留树保鲜可促进碱性磷酸酶、羧酸酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的积累,同时促使酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的降解。
表5 留树保鲜对油甘酶活性的影响
酶活性 11月 1月 4月
碱性磷酸酶/[μmol/(min·g)] 50.64±1.58a 61.51±1.09b 72.73±3.06c
羧酸酯酶/(U/g) 77.62±6.39a 89.43±4.21b 91.06±9.38b
超氧化物歧化酶/(U/g) 166.40±21.27a 180.56±11.09b 186.72±9.23c
过氧化物酶/(U/g) 1020.44±91.48a 1333.57±72.64b 1539.67±86.22c
多酚氧化酶/(U/g) 27.68±4.12a 20.79±3.01b 19.08±2.63b
酸性磷酸酶/[μmol/(min·g)] 4.72±0.01a 1.78±0.03b 1.16±0.04b
过氧化氢酶/[nmol/(min·g)] 291.15±26.22a 202.28±18.49b 162.35±18.23c
乙酰胆碱酯/[nmol/(min·g)] 20.58±4.36a 11.37±3.27b 7.35±2.14c

3 结论

研究结果表明,与正季采收相比,‘上湖仙’油甘留树保鲜后,半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸及还原型抗坏血酸(维生素C)的含量均显著升高,而糖、原花青素、类黄酮、总酚、单宁和纤维素的含量显著降低。其中,酚类、单宁和纤维素含量降低有利于减轻果实涩味,增加化渣程度;酶活力测定结果显示,酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶含量均显著降低,而碱性磷酸酶、羧酸酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶含量显著升高。综上所述,‘上湖仙’油甘留树保鲜会使抗氧化能力小幅度下降,但可提升油甘的品质和口感,具有良好的商品性,且留树保鲜时间与氨基酸的提升及单宁和纤维素的降低呈正相关,故油甘的最佳留树保鲜时间应为1月前后采摘,因该时间为春节前后,经济效益最高,该方法可在油甘生产中推广应用。

4 讨论

油甘是极具岭南特色的药食兼用型水果,可通过腌制、榨汁和发酵等方式将其加工成果脯、果汁和果酒等商业产品[10-11],油甘的深加工不仅延伸了产业链,也延长了油甘的储藏期。但油甘的深加工往往投入较大,且不利于营养品质保持。近年来,鲜食油甘越来越受到消费者的青睐,但油甘的采后保鲜多以低温储藏为主,低温储藏不仅操作步骤相对复杂,还容易对果实造成一定损耗,导致果实品质降低[19]。留树保鲜作为一种绿色保鲜方式,不仅减少了储藏期间果实营养的损耗,还降低了果实的储藏成本,提高果农收益[36]。‘上湖仙’油甘是笔者及其团队选育出来的晚熟新品种,该果实个大、涩味轻、口感好,适合鲜食,是研究油甘保鲜的良好材料。
本研究发现,‘上湖仙’油甘留树保鲜后总糖含量呈显著下降趋势,这与赖多等[36]研究的‘白玉’油甘及王春燕等[17]对红毛丹留树保鲜的研究结果一致。果实在留树保鲜过程中需要消耗大量营养物质才能维持自身正常的生命活动,随挂果时间延长,消耗量增大,若果园的水肥管理欠缺,树体则不能获取足够的营养物质,最终导致糖含量降低[37-38]。此外,本研究还发现,油甘的留树保鲜一方面可促进氨基酸和还原型抗坏血酸(维生素C)的积累;另一方面可降低单宁、原花青素、类黄酮和总酚和纤维素含量,且增加和下降的趋势均与留树保鲜时间呈正比。单宁、酚类物质以及纤维素与油甘的涩味和化渣程度密切相关,是影响油甘鲜食口感的重要因素之一。油甘留树保鲜至次年采摘会经过低温或霜冻,而环境胁迫可促使蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素的累积[39],同时可降低单宁、酚类物质和纤维素的含量,从而使涩味变轻、化渣变好,口感和营养价值提升。
油甘留树保鲜后的酶活力测定结果表明,过氧化物酶含量显著增加,而多酚氧化酶的含量显著降低。多酚氧化酶是水果褐变的关键酶,该酶活力增加可降低果实品质[40]。研究表明,抗坏血酸可抑制油甘果实中多酚氧化酶的活性,从而延缓油甘褐化速度[41-42]。本研究检测到留树保鲜后的油甘果实中还原型抗坏血酸的含量与正季采摘的油甘相比显著提升,这可能是导致留树保鲜油甘中多酚氧化酶活性降低的主要原因。过氧化物酶是植物细胞壁形成的关键酶,可使细胞壁硬化,从而提高植物的抗逆性[43]。植物细胞壁是抵御外界有害生物及病原微生物的第一道屏障[44],果胶作为构成植物细胞壁的重要成分可被水解为可溶性果胶,在果实成熟过程中可溶性果胶含量逐渐升高[45],促使果实表皮软化,抗病性变差。在本研究中,油甘留树保鲜后的可溶性果胶含量并无显著变化,说明油甘留树保鲜对果实细胞壁的降解影响不大。以上研究结果充分说明,油甘留树保鲜后可延缓其褐变,同时促进新细胞壁的合成,提升果品抗逆性。这也就更好地解释了‘上湖仙’油甘留树保鲜至次年1月或4月时,果品的商品性无显著变化的原因。其他采后保鲜技术虽然可以有效杀灭或抑制微生物活动,干扰果实的呼吸代谢,延缓果实的衰老,但是成本较高、消耗人力,且容易产生病害;而留树保鲜可在不使用任何栽培措施和药剂处理的情况下,改善果实的品质,减少储藏成本、节约人力。生产中油甘的集中上市时间为9月上旬—10月下旬,油甘留树保鲜后良好商品性是提升市场竞争力的前提条件,特别在春节期间上市,普遍售价较高,果农收益大幅提升,但如何更好地提升留树保鲜后油甘的果实品质是下一步研究需要攻克的难题,且后续需针对油甘的配套栽培技术进行研究。

References

[1]
何礼军, 何野, 黎八保, 等. 三角梅在我国引种栽培的研究综述[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2011,58(8):1519-1521.
[2]
施建羽. 厦门地区三角梅属植物资源及其园林应用[J]. 福建热作科技, 2011,36(4):57-60.
[3]
Kugler F, Stintzing F C, Carle R. Characterisation of betalain patterns of different lycoloured in florescences from Gomphrena globosa L. and Bougainvillea sp. by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn[J]. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2007,387(2):637-648.
In the present study, the betaxanthin (bx) and betacyanin patterns of differently coloured inflorescences from Gomphrena globosa L. and Bougainvillea sp. have been investigated in detail by applying reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) coupled with positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Histidine-bx was found to be the predominant betaxanthin of Gomphrena globosa inflorescences. Furthermore, arginine-bx was detected as a novel betaxanthin, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported as a pigment that occurs naturally so far. Dopa-bx was the major betaxanthin of Bougainvillea sp., although several minor betaxanthins were also present, including lysine-bx and putrescine-bx, novel betaxanthins hitherto not observed naturally. Remarkable differences in the betacyanin patterns between the purple, red and orange varieties were observed for both Gomphrena and Bougainvillea inflorescences. Hence, both the betacyanin profiles and the relative betaxanthin:betacyanin ratios determine the broad colour palette of Gomphrena petals and Bougainvillea bracts.
[4]
Murthy N, Nagarajan K, Sastry A. Effect of prophylactic sprays of leaf extracts on the infection of tobacco by the tobacco mosaic virus[J]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1981,51(11):792-795.
[5]
Verma H, Dwivedi S. Properties of a virus inhibiting agent, isolated from plants which have been treated with leaf extracts from Bougainvillea spectabilis[J]. Physiological plant pathology, 1984,25(1):93-101.
[6]
Balasaraswathi R, Sadasivam S, Ward M, et al. An antiviral protein from Bougainvillea spectabilis roots; purification and characterisation[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,47(8):1561-1565.
An antiviral protein active against mechanical transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus was identified in the root tissues of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bougainvillea Antiviral Protein I (BAP I) was purified to apparent homogeneity from the roots of Bougainvillea by ammonium sulphate precipitation, CM- and DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. BAP I is a highly basic protein (pI value > 8.6) with an Mr of 28,000. The N-terminal sequence of BAP I showed homology with other plant antiviral proteins. Preliminary tests suggest that purified BAP I is capable of interfering with in vitro protein synthesis.
[7]
Bates S H, Jones R B, Bailey C J. Insulin-like effect of pinitol[J]. British journal of pharmacology, 2009,130(8):1944-1948.
D-pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiroinositol), an active principle of the traditional antidiabetic plant Bougainvillea spectabilis, is claimed to exert insulin-like effects. This study investigates the effect of D-pinitol on glucose homeostasis in animal models of diabetes, and on glucose transport by cultured muscle cells. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured in normal, obese-diabetic (ob/ob) and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice after oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of D-pinitol. Glucose transport was measured in L6 rat muscle cells by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake. In STZ-diabetic mice, 100 mg kg(-1) p.o. D-pinitol acutely decreased the hyperglycaemia (by 22% at 6 h). A similar decrease in plasma glucose (by 21%) was observed after 100 mg kg(-1) i.p. D-pinitol. Insulin concentrations and the rate of insulin-induced (1 unit kg(-1) actrapid i.p.) glucose disappearance were not altered by 100 mg kg(-1) p.o. D-pinitol. Chronic administration of D-pinitol (100 mg kg(-1) i.p. twice daily for 11 days) to STZ-diabetic mice maintained a reduction in plasma glucose concentrations from about 14 to 10 mmol l(-1). In normal non-diabetic and severely insulin resistant ob/ob mice, 100 mg kg(-1) p.o. D-pinitol did not significantly affect plasma glucose or insulin during acute studies. Incubation of L6 muscle cells with D-pinitol (10(-3) M) increased basal 2DG uptake by 41% after 10 min and by 34% after 4 h. The effect of D-pinitol was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. D-pinitol did not increase insulin-stimulated 2DG uptake by L6 cells. The data support the view that D-pinitol can exert an insulin-like effect to improve glycaemic control in hypoinsulinaemic STZ-diabetic mice. D-pinitol may act via a post-receptor pathway of insulin action affecting glucose uptake.
[8]
Narayanan C R, Joshi D D, Mujumdar A M, et al. Pinitol, a new antidiabetic compound from the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis[J]. Curr Sci, 1987,56(3):139-141.
[9]
马若晨, 乔鑫, 刘秀丽. 4个三角梅品种的耐寒性评价[J]. 分子植物育种, 2020.
[10]
邢海盈. 低温胁迫下三角梅的生理变化及其调控机理的研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2013.
[11]
陈香波, 罗玉兰, 张启翔. 三角梅在我国的温度适宜分布区划[J]. 中国园林, 2009(7):97-99.
[12]
洪项目. 三角梅常见品种及栽培繁殖技术[J]. 福建农业科技, 2007(5):40-42.
[13]
Leul M, Zhou W J. Alleviation of Waterlogging Damage in Winter Rape by Uniconazole Application: Effects on Enzyme Activity, Lipid Peroxidation, and Membrane Integrity[J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 1999,18(1):9-14.
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings treated with uniconazole [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-l-penten-3-ol] were transplanted at the five-leaf stage into specially designed experimental containers and then exposed to waterlogging for 3 weeks. After waterlogging stress, uniconazole-treated seedlings had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase enzymes and endogenous free proline content at both the seedling and flowering stages. Uniconazole plus waterlogging-treated plants had a significantly higher content of unsaturated fatty acids than the waterlogged plants. There was a parallel increase in the lipid peroxidation level and electrolyte leakage rate from the leaves of waterlogged plants. Leaves from uniconazole plus waterlogging-treated plants had a significantly lower lipid peroxidation level and electrolyte leakage rate compared with waterlogged plants at both the seedling and flowering stages. Pretreatment of seedlings with uniconazole could effectively delay stress-induced degradation of chlorophyll and reduction of root oxidizability. Uniconazole did not alter the soluble sugar content of leaves and stems, after waterlogging of seedlings. Uniconazole improved waterlogged plant performance and increased seed yield, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms, and it retarded lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration of plants.Key Words. Waterlogging-Uniconazole-Brassica napus L.-Enzymes-Lipid peroxidation-Membrane integrityhttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00344/bibs/18n1p9.html
[14]
万美亮, 邝炎华, 陈建勋. 缺磷胁迫对甘蔗膜脂过氧化及保护酶系统活性的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 1999(2):1-6.
[15]
郑炳松. 现代植物生理生化研究技术[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006: 146-152.
[16]
郝再彬, 苍晶, 徐仲. 植物生理实验[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004: 88-96.
[17]
Wang A G, Luo G H. Quantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anion radicals in plants[J]. Plant Physiol Commun, 1990,6:55-57.
[18]
Patterson B D, MacRae E A, Ferguson I B. Estimation of hydrogen peroxide in plant extracts using titanium (IV)[J]. Anal Biochem, 1984,139:487-492.
[19]
李婷婷. NaCl胁迫对香榧苗期生长和生理生化特性的影响[D]. 杭州:浙江农林大学, 2014.
[20]
张勇, 汤浩如, 罗娅. 植物对低温胁迫的响应及其分子改良研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2006,34(14):3268-3272.
[21]
彭筱娜, 易自力, 蒋建雄. 植物抗寒性研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2007(4):15-18.
低温是限制植物生长和分布的一种非生物胁迫因素。因此,提高植物的抗寒性对农业具有十分重要的意义。综述了植物抗寒性的最新进展,包括植物抗寒性机理研究,提高植物抗寒力的方法研究和应用情况;提出了在植物抗寒性研究中存在的问题,并对未来工作重点进行了展望。
[22]
柴文臣, 马蓉丽, 焦彦生, 等. 低温胁迫对不同辣椒品种生长及生理指标的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2010,25(2):168-171.
我国的设施辣椒栽培面积不断增加,以现有的品种为试材,研究其耐寒性情况,为设施辣椒的栽培生产提供参考。以晋尖椒1号、保椒F1、良椒2313、中椒22号4个辣椒品种为试材,研究了各辣椒品种分别在15℃/5℃(昼/夜),20℃/10℃(昼/夜),25℃/15℃(昼/夜)3个不同的温度处理下,其生长指标和生理指标(可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、POD活性、SOD活性、根系活力、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量)的变化。结果表明,随着温度的降低,各辣椒品种的各项生长指标及干物质、根系活力、叶绿素含量、SOD活性都逐渐减小,而可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、POD活性、丙二醛含量逐渐增大。在低温处理前后,所研究生理指标的变化有明显的差异,说明其变化与辣椒的抗寒性密切相关。根据测定的各项指标对4个辣椒品种进行筛选,其抗寒性大小顺序为:良椒2313、中椒22号、晋尖椒1号、保椒F1。
[23]
司剑华, 卢素锦. 低温胁迫对5种柽柳抗寒性生理指标的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2010,30(8):78-81.
[24]
朱虹, 祖元刚, 王文杰, 等. 逆境胁迫条件下脯氨酸对植物生长的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2009,37(4):86-89.
[25]
伍宝朵, 范睿, 胡丽松, 等. 不同低温胁迫条件下胡椒叶片生理生化及结构分析[J]. 热带作物学报, 2018,39(1):61-66.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Copyright reserved © 2020. Chinese Agricultural Association Bulletin. All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Agricultural Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.
Share on Mendeley
PDF(1299 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/