
The Improvement of ‘Huangzao-4’ Maize Inbred Lines
Zhang Yongke, Wang Rui, Guo Yong, Wen Xiaoxia, Hai Jiangbo
The Improvement of ‘Huangzao-4’ Maize Inbred Lines
The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of excellent maize inbred lines, the breeding of hybrids and the innovation of maize germplasm. 11 maize inbred lines, such as ‘Huangzao 4’, ‘Chang 7-2’, ‘Xinong 672’ and so on, were chosen for making 30 hybrid combinations as experimental materials with NCⅡ incomplete dialed cross design, the randomized block design was conducted in field experiments, and field investigation and indoor identification were combined to study the characteristics. LNT-SPSS software program was used to analyze the test data. The results were as follows: (1) the general combining abilities of the characteristics of ‘Huangzao-4’ inbred lines were generally low, the negative effect was obviously greater than the positive effect, only plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient were positive; (2) the general combining abilities of the characteristics of ‘Chang 7-2’ were higher than those of ‘Hangzhou 4’, plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient, rows per ear, grains per row, grain ratio and yield were positive, but ear length, length of seed setting and 100-grain weight were negative; (3) the ear length, length of seed setting, rows per ear, grains per row and yield of ‘Xinong 672’ had high positive effect, but 100-grain weight and grain ratio showed negative effect, the plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient of ‘Xinong 672 were negative, they were adverse to those of ‘Chang 7-2’ and ‘Hangzao 4’. In conclusion, high base point inbred line receptor, donor group, successive new excellent genes’ introduction, the additive genetic variance utilization, and cumulating frequency of excellent genes are the key techniques for breeding new and excellent maize inbred lines.
maize / Huangzao 4 / hybrid combination / general combining ability / positive effect / negative effect {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 参试自交系亲本遗传来源 |
父本NSS | 遗传来源 | 母本SS | 遗传来源 |
---|---|---|---|
黄早四 | 塘山四平头 | 478 | U8112/5003 |
K12 | 昌7/718 | 郑58 | 478选 |
昌7-2 | 昌7/S901 | 7537 | 79-22/5003/沈137 |
PH6wc | 美国自交系 | 沈137 | 美杂6JK111 |
西农672 | 昌7-2/PH6wc | H2208 | 郑58/PH4vc |
PH4vc | 美国自交系 |
注:‘西农672’和‘K12’均采用二环系法系统选育育成。培育地点,北方育种基地:陕西省杨凌,北纬34°16′56″;东经108°04′27″;海拔450 m;海南育种基地:海南省陵水县三才镇,北纬18°51′23″;东经110°04′39″;海拔14 m。 |
表2 供试材料自交系植株性状及产量性状 |
自交系名称 | 株高/cm | 穗位高/cm | 穗长/cm | 穗行数 | 穗型 | 穗轴色 | 籽粒色 | 籽粒型 | 倒1~3叶叶角 | 株型 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
昌7-2 | 140 | 75 | 12.0 | 18 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 浅硬粒 | 20~40度 | 半紧凑 | 籽粒长 |
西农672 | 175 | 75 | 14.0 | 18 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 浅硬粒 | 10~30度 | 紧凑 | 籽粒长 |
K12 | 180 | 70 | 16.0 | 16 | 柱型 | 红 | 黄 | 浅硬粒 | 15~30度 | 紧凑 | |
黄早四 | 145 | 65 | 12.0 | 14 | 柱型 | 白 | 浅黄 | 浅硬粒 | 15~35度 | 半紧凑 | |
PH6wc | 195 | 65 | 16.0 | 18 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 硬粒 | 10~30度 | 紧凑 | 籽粒长 |
郑58 | 130 | 45 | 14.0 | 12 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 马齿 | 10~30度 | 紧凑 | |
PH4vc | 140 | 50 | 14.0 | 16 | 柱型 | 红 | 黄 | 浅马齿 | 15~40度 | 半紧凑 | |
H2208 | 145 | 50 | 14.0 | 14 | 柱型 | 红 | 黄 | 马齿 | 10~30度 | 紧凑 | |
478 | 145 | 45 | 14.0 | 12 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 马齿 | 10~30度 | 紧凑 | |
7537 | 155 | 55 | 14.0 | 14 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 马齿 | 10~30度 | 紧凑 | |
沈137 | 135 | 45 | 13.0 | 12 | 柱型 | 白 | 黄 | 浅马齿 | 15~40度 | 半紧凑 |
注:为陕西省杨凌区西北农林科技大学育种基地自交系性状鉴定结果。 |
表3 参试自交系性状的配合力方差分析值(F值) |
变异来源 | 自由 度(DF) | 穗长/cm | 结实长/cm | 穗行数 | 行粒数 | 出籽率 | 叶面积系数 | 株高 | 穗位高 | 二百粒重 | 小区产量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
区组间 | 4 | 1.138 | 0.504 | 0.735** | 6.818 | 0.017 | 0.388 | 0.0027 | 58.72 | 1.522 | 0.0001 |
组合间 | 29 | 8.3318** | 7.1202** | 4.9568** | 19.9985** | 16.3598** | 1.5637** | 0.1045 * | 674.8** | 22.354 ** | 0.1672 ** |
P1 | 5 | 14.5241** | 12.677** | 17.4206** | 18.7652* | 38.29 * | 2.8804 | 0.0907 | 2655.3** | 49.8 ** | 0.4979** |
P2 | 4 | 30.9698 ** | 23.6767** | 6.5881 * | 36.6379* | 7.5572 | 2.4429 | 0.0796 | 646.72* | 64.68 ** | 0.1334 |
P1×P2 | 20 | 2.2561** | 2.4198** | 1.5146** | 16.9789** | 12.6379** | 1.0805** | 0.1134* | 185.3** | 7.0276** | 0.0805** |
误差 | 116 | 0.4037 | 0.5374 | 0.4084 | 4.8304 | 0.4890 | 0.4264 | 0.0029 | 50.818 | 2.4149 | 0.0005 |
表4 5个父本自交系一般配合力相对效应值 |
品种 | 株高 | 穗位高 | 叶面积系数 | 穗长 | 结实长 | 穗行数 | 行粒数 | 二百粒重 | 出籽率 | 产量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黄早四 | 0.0197 | 5.3934 | 0.1856 | -1.8509 | -1.7266 | -0.9119 | -1.4301 | -1.6442 | -0.1799 | -0.1355 |
昌7-2 | 0.0444 | 4.2267 | 0.2086 | -0.8426 | -0.3494 | 0.1998 | 1.0376 | -1.2151 | 1.0495 | 0.0251 |
K12 | -0.0733 | -2.14 | -0.275 | 0.9302 | 0.1423 | 0.0659 | -1.3246 | 1.8037 | -0.7322 | 0.0129 |
PH6wc | 0.0511 | -5.5733 | 0.2746 | 0.4774 | 0.6001 | -0.1124 | -0.0879 | 1.7087 | -0.0672 | -0.0049 |
西农672 | -0.0419 | -1.9066 | -0.3937 | 1.2858 | 1.3334 | 0.7587 | 1.8049 | -0.6530 | -0.0705 | 0.1023 |
表5 30个杂交组合各性状特殊配合力效应 |
品种 | 株高 | 穗位高 | 叶面积系数 | 穗长 | 产量 | 结实长 | 穗行数 | 行粒数 | 二百粒重 | 出籽率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
478×黄早四 | -0.0985 | -5.8734 | 0.14 | -0.3298 | 0.1135 | -0.4608 | -0.2067 | 1.2394 | -0.4323 | -1.6514 |
478×昌7-2 | 0.0868 | 5.0933 | -0.293 | -0.6381 | -0.0104 | 0.5128 | -0.0228 | -0.6183 | -1.0139 | 2.0525 |
478×K12 | -0.0715 | 6.26 | -0.8434 | 1.3658 | 0.0851 | 2.6944 | -0.6222 | 2.6672 | 1.0698 | -0.1225 |
478×PH6wc | -0.1579 | -3.1067 | 0.495 | -0.3814 | -0.0904 | 0.37 | -0.0673 | -1.5595 | 1.7773 | 0.3059 |
478×西农672 | 0.2411 | -2.3734 | 0.5013 | -0.0165 | -0.0976 | 0.98 | 0.3283 | -1.7289 | -1.4010 | -0.5842 |
沈137×黄早四 | 0.0271 | 4.3666 | -0.4192 | -0.0258 | -0.0792 | -0.242 | -0.0694 | -0.2645 | -0.8548 | 2.5179 |
沈137×昌7-2 | 0.0364 | 3.9333 | 0.3738 | -0.3807 | 0.0602 | 1.3695 | -0.4661 | 2.2111 | -0.0114 | 1.6385 |
沈137×K12 | 0.0181 | -4.3 | -0.2226 | 0.7798 | 0.0658 | 1.5044 | 0.5111 | 0.3633 | 1.1048 | -0.3398 |
沈137×PH6wc | -0.0523 | -6.4667 | 0.5258 | -0.9874 | -0.0131 | 0.66 | -0.0673 | -1.1201 | -1.0952 | -1.8914 |
沈137×西农672 | -0.0293 | 2.4666 | -0.2579 | 0.6142 | -0.0336 | 1.3033 | -0.2484 | -1.1895 | 0.8565 | -1.9248 |
7537×黄早四 | -0.0333 | 4.2866 | 0.4916 | -0.5531 | -0.1205 | -0.2474 | -1.0967 | -1.3699 | -0.1553 | -1.2941 |
7537×昌7-2 | 0.064 | -7.5467 | 0.1926 | 0.2719 | -0.1778 | -0.4539 | -1.7561 | -2.1276 | 0.8456 | -1.9268 |
7537×K12 | 0.2037 | -3.38 | 0.4622 | 0.0591 | 0.2177 | 0.7611 | -0.3789 | 4.5579 | -1.9882 | 2.1349 |
7537×PH6wc | -0.0127 | 1.0533 | -0.8014 | -0.5881 | -0.1545 | -0.5134 | -1.3106 | -2.7455 | 0.1793 | -0.5734 |
7537×西农672 | -0.2217 | 5.5866 | -0.3451 | 0.8102 | 0.235 | 0.23 | -0.8484 | 1.6851 | 1.1185 | 1.6599 |
郑58×黄早四 | 0.0087 | -0.6334 | -0.0828 | -0.0225 | 0.0189 | -0.2214 | -0.6134 | -0.5666 | -0.3573 | 0.2172 |
郑58×昌7-2 | 0.154 | 9.5333 | 0.3482 | 0.6859 | 0.1249 | 0.4261 | -0.1328 | 1.3524 | 0.0911 | -2.9155 |
郑58×K12 | -0.0103 | -1.5 | 0.3118 | -0.7802 | -0.2129 | -1.0756 | -1.3122 | -1.2721 | 0.1273 | -0.7638 |
郑58×PH6wc | -0.0827 | -4.8667 | -0.5378 | 0.4159 | 0.0883 | -0.33 | -0.1773 | -0.1321 | -0.5252 | 1.5912 |
郑58×西农672 | -0.0697 | -2.5334 | -0.0395 | -0.2992 | -0.0189 | -0.2867 | -0.115 | 0.6184 | 0.6640 | 1.8711 |
PH4vc×黄早四 | -0.0477 | -2.7934 | 0.1992 | -0.3711 | -0.1958 | -0.3314 | 0.9425 | -1.5525 | -0.4683 | -1.8534 |
PH4vc×昌7-2 | -0.0404 | -6.0267 | -0.5058 | -0.5494 | -0.0564 | -1.2305 | 1.8005 | -0.8536 | 0.0526 | -0.8695 |
PH4vc×K12 | -0.0327 | -3.66 | 0.1458 | -0.5622 | -0.0109 | -1.1222 | 1.6678 | -2.4247 | -1.4762 | -1.2178 |
PH4vc×PH6wc | 0.0329 | 1.7733 | 0.1642 | 0.9839 | 0.0969 | 0.1666 | 1.0661 | 3.4953 | 1.0813 | 2.2272 |
PH4vc×西农672 | 0.0879 | 0.7066 | -0.0035 | 0.4988 | 0.1664 | 0.27 | 2.0416 | 1.3358 | 0.8105 | 1.7138 |
H2208×黄早四 | 0.1439 | 0.6466 | -0.3288 | 1.3023 | 0.2635 | 1.5033 | 1.0439 | 2.5141 | 2.2677 | 2.0639 |
H2208×昌7-2 | -0.3008 | -4.9867 | -0.1158 | 0.6106 | 0.0596 | -0.6239 | 0.5772 | 0.0364 | 0.0361 | 2.0212 |
H2208×K12 | -0.1071 | 6.58 | 0.1458 | -0.8622 | -0.1449 | -2.7622 | 0.1344 | -3.8914 | 1.1623 | 0.3095 |
H2208×PH6wc | 0.2725 | 1.6133 | 0.1542 | 0.5573 | 0.0729 | -0.3534 | 0.5561 | 2.0619 | -1.4177 | -1.6588 |
H2208×西农672 | -0.0085 | -3.8534 | 0.1445 | -1.6078 | -0.2509 | -2.4967 | -1.1584 | -0.7209 | -2.0485 | -2.7355 |
表6 参试自交系各性状的遗传参数估算 |
遗传参数 | 穗长 | 结实长 | 穗行数 | 行粒数 | 出籽率 | 叶面积系数 | 株高 | 穗位 | 二百粒重 | 小区产量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
一般配合力方差GCA | 61.32 | 62.53 | 77.4 | 19.78 | 98.70 | 57.9 | 70.81 | 74.28 | 76.85 | 84.4 |
特殊配合力方差SCA | 38.68 | 37.47 | 21.6 | 81.21 | 0.40 | 40.5 | 27.69 | 25.32 | 24.65 | 14.7 |
广义遗传力 | 81.51 | 82.59 | 60.9 | 58.16 | 31.17 | 80.7 | 91.77 | 83.42 | 68.20 | 57.1 |
狭义遗传力 | 51.04 | 50.60 | 50.7 | 12.51 | 30.78 | 47.3 | 66.90 | 62.15 | 52.82 | 7.43 |
表7 ‘昌7-2’与‘黄早四’、‘西农672’的配合力效应比较 |
西农672 | 昌7-2 | 黄早四 | 西农672 | 昌7-2 | 黄早四 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
↑ | 产量 | ↓ | ↓ | 出籽率 | ↓ |
↑ | 穗长 | ↓ | ↓ | 叶面积 L.A.I. | ↓ |
↑ | 结实长 | ↓ | ↓ | 株高 | ↓ |
↑ | 穗行数 | ↓ | ↓ | 穗位 | ↑ |
↑ | 行粒数 | ↓ | ↑ | 百粒重 | ↓ |
注:↑表明较‘昌7-2’性状配合力上升,↓表明下降。 |
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