Based on the data of land use and related statistics of Wen County in 2015, this paper quantitatively analyses the spatial distribution pattern characteristics of Wen County rural residential by using the theory of GIS spatial analysis and landscape ecology as well as the method of Spatial Metrics, cluster clustering test, the average nearest neighbor index, spatial Hot spot detection and analysis of the model. Results indicate five phenomena: first, Wen County rural settlements scatter mainly along the traffic roads and rivers, forming maple-like shape based on road and river network distribution; second, as for the scale of rural residential land, Wen County is generally small in size, showing low-value gathers and high-value discrete features. In Tianchi Town, Chengguan Town and other area, the "cold spots" of small-scale village clusters are formed while in Dam town and other regions the "hot spots" of large-scale rural areas distribution are taken shape；third, the rural settlements of Wen County are dominated by cluster and random distribution in space under the influence of resource conditions, natural location and human activities；fourth, the distribution of rural residents in Wen County showed a clustering pattern with obvious regional differences, however, the high density area centered on Fanba Town and Bikou Town, in general, was formed, which were gradually sparsely low toward the north, the west and the south; fifth, the rural settlements in the whole county is relatively neat and its fragmentation is low, showing a relatively stable evolutionary form. The complexity of the distribution of settlements in the local area is high, and the scale of east and west is obvious, and the complexity is gradually weakened from east to west.