To promote agricultural civilization of ancient China, Ma Shou Nong Yan, an agricultural book written by Qi Junzao, the Grand Secretary and the Military Planning Minister of late Qing Dynasty was discussed comprehensively. Reform of rural customs, culture and agricultural economic management, as well as local farming experiences and planting technologies that Qi Junzao proposed to improve local agricultural production were summarized in this article. This book was geared to actual circumstances and generated positive guidance at that time. Ideological level and academic level of Ma Shou Nong Yan were high. Today, recognition and researching on Ma Shou Nong Yan again have great significance for developing, utilizing, protecting and carrying forward Chinese agricultural heritage and absorbing its valuable cultural nutrition. Reading this book is especially necessary for fostering Chinese national pride and patriotism and the purification of rural folk customs.