In order to study the effect of fertilization on the first ratoon of rice and the middle-season rice, the comparison of the similarities and differences between the two, the discussion on technical ways to improve fertilizer use efficiency by rice cultivation measures, for the first ratoon of rice and the middle-season rice use efficiency of comparative test. The results showed that: nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium the first ratoon of rice absorption utilization rate than the middle-season rice increased by 15.1, 6.1, 27.9 percentage points; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium agronomy efficiency increased by 80.4%, 163.2%, 60%; comparison of yield of different proportion fertilizer contribution rate, all two to 3 elements combination was the best, 2 elements in nitrogen coordination group was significantly higher than no nitrogen distribution group, performance for the N+K > N+P > P+K, the yield compared with formula fertilization, the first ratoon rice to increase the output of 719 kg/hm2 than the middle-season rice, output value increases 1537 yuan/hm2. Ratooning rice cultivation the effect of fertilization to improve, adds a harvest, the broad prospects of development.