In this paper, we analyzed the influence of crop species on soil physic-chemical properties and soil fertility of different regions, in order to provide the theoretical basis and reference for agricultural use and arrangement of Sanjiang Plain, and to promote the study of soil nutrients monitoring and agricultural management in this region. The field investigation and experiment analysis were combined to investigate soil nutrients of Sanjiang Plain areas. Seven indictors related to soil properties were selected to conduct classical statistics analysis, correlated analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that, the seven soil nutrients indictors in the research area showed medium variance, and the variance of soil organic matter had up to 66.39%. The relationships between soil nutrients indictors were significantly correlated, except that the total P, AN and available potassium didn’t correlated with each other significantly. The first principal component reflected soil comprehensive nutrients, the second principal component mainly reflected soil available phosphorus and available potassium. The result of cluster analysis indicated the comprehensive fertility situation of five kinds of areas. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients were dispersed on Sanjiang Plain. The differences of soil nutrients on different regions were significant. It was observed that wetland reclamation and planting patterns affected the soil nutrients significantly. So it was beneficial that making rational fertilization management and strengthening field practice and adjusting agricultural planting structure according to soil nutrients conditions to agriculture sustained development of this region.