In order to protect the plant community diversity in Jinyun Mountain, maintain the spatial structure of plant community, to explore distribution of vegetation spatial structure and the variation patterns of species diversity in shrubbery, mixed conifer and evergreen broad-leaved forests in Jinyun Mountain were discussed in comparing method. The relationships between community diversity indexes and soil fertility were analyzed. It was found that: different vegetation type space structure labeled obvious differentiation, and the dominant tree species of arbor, shrub and herbage layers had obvious comprehensive advantages; species diversity in tree layers and shrub layers of shrubbery and mixed coniferous than evergreen broad-leaved forests, but species diversity in herb layers of evergreen broad-leaved forests were highest. With the increase of soil depth, pH value increase, while the organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium also decreased; comprehensive the content of soil nutrient, the greatest was shrubs, evergreen broad-leaved forests followed, and mixed conifer was lowest. the relationships between species diversity and soil fertility were studied by using correlation analysis, the results was: the species diversity in tree layers, shrub layers and herb layers and soil fertility showed varying degrees of correlation.