Miscanthus Anderss is a new kind of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. In order to improve the biomass production and resistance of Miscanthus Anderss，the polyploid induction of Miscanthus have been widely researching all over the world. In recent years, researchers have got some important achievements in the researches on plant regeneration in vitro and mutation breeding. From the choice of explant, the induction of callus and cluster buds, the treatment by colchicine or oryzalin during polyploid induction of Miscanthus and the method of ploidy determination, this paper is doing an overview of the results. A forecast of the future was given about the application and development of Miscanthus polyploid breeding.