In order to discuss the distribution features of organic carbon of the static water lakes sediment and the surrounding soil relationship, and to provide the theory basis for studying organic pollution condition of the library lake, this article researched the characteristic of reservoir sediment in the black soil region of Northeast China whose organic-mineral complex composing and organic carbon distributing, by the tested materials in Changchun City of Xinlicheng Reservoir sediment and reservoir surrounding soil, through the way of particle size fractionation for the separation of complex. The results indicated that, the substrate sludge stuck in the average level of complexes for 65% of 18.7% for the face, and by 3.1% to sand, and its surrounding soil of the average concentration of clay, silt, sand were 28.8%, 29.5%, 31%, the total soil organic carbon in sediment content average was 17.4 g/kg, contrast of soil for 15.4 g/kg, the grain size of sediment organic carbon content of the clay complex were 24.7 g/kg, 14.4 g/kg powder, sand 1.84 g/kg, soil were 30.6 g/kg, 13.63 g/kg powder, sand for 2.67 g/kg, sediment was on the mean value of 1.24 HA/FA, soil was 1.78. From this we can see that on the composition of organic-mineral complex in clay complex mainly, complex content of powder second, complex content of sand at least. The sediment organic carbon content was higher than that of soil, sediment clay grade complex organic carbon content were all higher than the soil, while the sediment particle complexes and sand complex organic carbon content were lower than those of contrast soil, on the HA/FA are smaller than those in the contrast of soil.