Oil and protein content, the composition of different kinds of fatty acid are the main nutritional quality indexes of peanut. Those indexes have close relationship with the storage, processing and utilizing, the study of related breeding of peanut. Agronomic regulations not only have great influence on the yield of peanut, but also have important contribution to the formation of peanut quality. The effect of different cultivating factors on the quality of groundnut has been summarized in this paper. Those factors include fertilization manner, water regime, planting manner, planting mode, date of sowing and harvesting, global changes and so on, which have been collected from the world over the past nearly 20 years. The complexity of peanut quality research is analyzed. Future researches, basing on exploring the formation mechanism of peanut quality, will focus on strengthening relevant comprehensive innovations such as theories, routes, methods and cultivars, carrying out comprehensive regulation researches on the effect of agronomic measures adapting to local conditions on peanut quality, so as to coordinate the relationship between yield and specific quality. There are some new topics worth to note, such as cultural control on high quality indexes (functional composition), fine quality indexes (fatty acids, amino acids), and exploring the impact of global changes on the quality.