To study the mechanism of cucumber aphid resistance, this experiment chose glabrous cucumber and normal cucumber. Every plant was put two aphids when the seedings had three leaves. Identified the aphid resistance of glabrous and normal cucumber and measured soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acids in each plant leaves. The results showed that glabrous cucumber had high resistance. The high resistance level not only depended on low soluble sugar and soluble protein but also depended on low free amino acids, and nutrients materials decreased after aphids bited seven days. Low nutrients materials could hurt aphid breeds.