In order to study the effect of low temperature stress on lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes of Coptis chinensis Franch, correlative physiological and biochemical indexes were determined when it was the sixth day after Coptis chinensis Franch was under the low temperature. The result showed that: under the low temperature stress, relative electrical conductivity ratio and MDA content were increased significantly, but the generative rates of OH? and O2?ˉ in the leaf of Coptis chinensis Franch were decreased. The activity of POD was significantly increased while the activity of SOD was decreased which were inferred the antioxidant enzyme system were affected by the low temperature stress. Although Coptis chinensis Franch was injured from the low temperature, it had the ability to alleviate the injury by its own physiological regulation, however, the abilities in plants of different ages were different, and so were the injury degree.