In order to sure species diversity of sphingidae in national nature reserves of Hunan province, surveys on sphingidae were In order to sure species diversity of sphingidae in national nature reserves of Hunan province, surveys on sphingidae were conducted in Hupingshan, Badagongshan, Wuyunjie and NanyueHengshan national nature reserves from 2007 to 2010, and similarity was applied on analyzing different reserves spingidae diversity with Jaccard coefficient. As a result, the specimens of the hawk moths with 51 species in 5 subfamily 32 genera were recorded in the study, in which 49 species in 5 subfamily 30 genera were from Hupingshan national nature reserves, and only 17 species were from Nanyue Hengshan. The moths community at Hupingshan was highly similar to Badagongshan, whereas the moths community at Nanyue Hengshan was moderately dissimilar to those at other nature reserves with a similarity coefficient between 0.25 to 0.50.in Hupingshan, Badagongshan, Wuyunjie and NanyueHengshan national nature reserves from 2007 to 2010, and similarity was applied on analyzing different reserves spingidae diversity with Jaccard coefficient. As a result, the specimens of the hawk moths with 51 species in 5 subfamily 32 genera were recorded in the study, in which 49 species in 5 subfamily 30 genera were from Hupingshan national nature reserves, and only 17 species were from NanyueHengshan.The moths community at Hupingshan was highly similar to Badagongshan, whereas the moths community at NanyueHengshan was moderately dissimilar to those at other nature reserves with a similarity coefficient between 0.25 to 0.50.