Conservation tillage is benefit for us to protect soil and water resources, conserve and increase their production potential and prevent degradation. It is significant in China due to the declining of cultivated land, the decreasing of soil fertility, and the expanding of soil erosion. Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical and biological property, fertility, moisture and temperature are analyzed. The roles of conservation tillage on water erosion and wind erosion control are also expressed. Study and application status and prospects of conservation tillage in China are summarized at last.