The influence of calcium deficiency on photosynthetic characters of sugar cane in elongating period was investigated. Four types of sugarcane, namely Guiyin21, Yuetang00-236, Yuetang94-128 and Xintaitang22, were selected. As the results shown, calcium deficiency would result in the decrease of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of Guiyin22 with the increase in intercellular CO2 concentration. No significant difference was found in photosynthetic characters of Yuetang00-236 whether calcium fertilizer was used or not. More importantly, Yuetang94-128 and Xintaitang22 were found to be able to tolerate the stress of calcium deficiency, which was proved by the increase in their photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration when calcium fertilizer was not supplied.