Nitrate leaching from agricultural land and the contamination of ground and surface water resources were two major environmental concerned problems in many parts of China. This paper have summarized nitrate leaching research in recent years, nitrogen amount, irrigation, and rainfall were major influencing factors. Also some effective methods were put forward to improve nitrogen use efficiency：Fertilizer based on mineral composition, organ and inorganic combined application, balanced fertilization, rational cultivation, water management, new type efficiency fertilizer application and so on. And theoretical basis was offered to reduce nitrogen leaching.