Abstract: The lower reaches of Yangze River is one of the central areas of freshwater shallow lakes in China and has the diversity climates ,such as warm temperate zone and sub-tropical zone, which make it become one of the best areas for aquaculture, therefore nearly all of the aquaculture species from the world can live in the area. So it is important for perfecting alien aquaculture species information data-base and environmental risk assessment system to investigate and study the aquaculture alien species in the lower reaches of Yangze River. The results showed that the number of aquaculture alien species in the lower reaches of Yangze River is 45 species, including 33 species of fishes, 4 species of shellfish, 7 species of crustaceans and 1 species of amphibian. Most of alien species are from America and the main transmitting way is intentional introducing.