The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in Chinese traditional medicine materials sold in Hefei were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in different kinds of Chinese traditional medicine materials were different. The content order of cadmium was kind of animals> kind of plants> kind of minerals. The average cadmium content in kind of animals were 3 folds than that in kind of plants, while the average cadmium content in plants were 4 folds than that in kind of minerals. The content order of copper was kind of animals> kind of minerals > kind of plants. The average copper content in kind of animals were 4 folds than that in kind of minerals which was close to kind of plants. The content order of lead was kind of minerals > kind of plants > kind of animals. The average lead content in kind of minerals were 3 folds than that in kind of plants which was 2 folds than that in kind of animals. Heavy metals contents in different Chinese traditional medicine materials which belong to same kind varied significantly. The pollution assessment showed that cadmium content in 25.4% of investigated samples exceeded the sanitary standard, while lead content in 7.9% of investigated samples exceeded the sanitary standard.