Many organic pollutants including trichloroethylene (TCE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pesticides resided in the soil, water and air, resulting in the large environment pollution. Phytoremediation of organic pollutants has been recognized as a low-cost and highly efficient approach for cleaning up environmental contamination.In present paper, we focus on describing the important aspects of the phytoremediation such as plant species, acting mechanisms, efficiency evaluation and recent achievements. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenge and perspective of the phytoremediation of organic pollutants.