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气生小球藻附着对3种凋落叶分解过程的影响
The Influences of Aerial Chlorella Attachment on Decomposition of Three Kinds of Apoptotic Leaves
本研究探究了气生藻类在森林生态系统凋落叶分解过程中所起的作用及内在机理。以雷公鹅耳枥(Carpinus viminea)、小叶青冈(Quercus myrsinifolia)和光亮山矾(Symplocos lucida)凋落叶为研究对象，分别接种2种浓度的气生小球藻进行叶片分解控制试验，探究气生小球藻附着对凋落叶分解过程的影响。结果表明：（1）不同浓度附生小球藻添加对凋落叶质量损失无显著影响，但不同树种凋落叶的质量损失有显著差异，两者间无交互作用；（2）不同树种凋落叶的分解速率对藻浓度处理的反应不同；（3）凋落叶自身性状对其质量损失影响强烈；（4）附生小球藻添加对土壤分解者细菌和真菌丰富度、多样性无显著影响，但不同树种凋落叶对细菌和真菌多样性的影响显著。研究结果表明，微生物分解者的丰富度和多样性主要受控于凋落叶自身性状，而气生藻类附着对分解体系中微生物无显著影响，因而，局域环境中凋落叶的分解主要受到叶片自身性状的影响，气生藻类附着对凋落叶的分解过程无显著影响。
To explore the role and internal mechanisms of aerial algae in the decomposition process of forest ecosystem and the effect of aerial Chlorella attachment on the decomposition process of leaf litters, we conducted leaf decomposition control experiments by inoculating leaf litters of Carpinus viminea, Quercus myrsinifolia and Symplocos lucida with two concentrations of aerial Chlorella. The results showed that: (1) the addition of Chlorella at different concentrations had no significant effect on the mass loss of leaf litters. However, there were significant differences in mass loss among the leaf litters of different tree species, with no interaction between them. (2) The decomposition rates of leaf litters from different tree species responded differently to the algal concentration treatment. (3) The intrinsic attributes of the leaf litters strongly influenced mass loss. (4) The addition of attached Chlorella had no significant effect on the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil. However, the type of leaf litters significantly affected the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil. The study indicated that the abundance and diversity of microbial decomposers were primarily controlled by the attributes of the leaf litters themselves, and the attachment of aerial algae had no significant impact on the microorganisms in the decomposition system. Therefore, the decomposition of leaf litters in the local environment is mainly influenced by the leaf's own attributes, and the impact of aerial algae attachment on the decomposition process of leaf litters was not significant.
附生小球藻 / 凋落叶分解 / 室内试验 / 叶片性状 / 土壤微生物 / 气生藻类 / 微生物丰富度 / 微生物多样性 {{custom_keyword}} /
epiphytic Chlorella / litter decomposition / laboratory experiment / leaf traits / soil microorganisms / aerial algae / microbial abundance / microbial diversity {{custom_keyword}} /
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森林凋落物是森林土壤的重要组成部分,凋落物分解在调控森林生态系统养分循环中发挥了关键作用。采用凋落物分解袋法,研究河北塞罕坝地区华北落叶松与白桦,华北落叶松与蒙古栎,华北落叶松、白桦和蒙古栎混合凋落叶及纯华北落叶松凋落叶分解过程中分解速率、养分释放和酶活性的变化。结果表明: 经过近2年的分解,混合凋落叶分解速率均显著高于纯华北落叶松凋落物叶;在所有处理中,华北落叶松与白桦混合凋落叶分解速率最高。在凋落叶分解过程中,不同处理养分含量变化一致,凋落叶N、P含量呈上升趋势,C、K含量和C/N呈下降趋势;相对纯华北落叶松凋落叶,各混合凋落叶分解可以促进凋落叶C、K的释放,但对N、P的释放有一定的抑制作用。在凋落叶分解过程中,不同处理凋落叶过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性呈上升趋势,蔗糖酶活性呈下降趋势;凋落叶分解速率与凋落叶过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性呈正相关,与蔗糖酶活性呈负相关。总体来看,华北落叶松和白桦、蒙古栎凋落叶混合可以促进华北落叶松凋落叶的分解,且凋落叶中酶活性动态变化与凋落叶的分解密切相关。
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