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基于文献计量学的秸秆生物炭研究态势分析
Research Trend Analysis of Straw Biochar Based on Bibliometric
秸秆生物炭在环境治理和资源循环利用中发挥着重要作用，为了解秸秆生物炭的发展历程，明确该领域的研究重点和前沿方向，通过利用文献计量学CiteSpace可视化软件，对Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库检索获得的数据进行文献计量和知识图谱分析。结果显示：秸秆生物炭的年发文量呈上升趋势，中国的发文量位居榜首，总量达3141篇；在全球研究机构中，中国科学院、农业农村部和土壤科学研究所是秸秆生物炭研究的代表性机构；该领域的研究成果主要发表在Science of the Total Environment和Bioresource Technology等高影响因子期刊，中国的王海龙是发文量最多的学者；研究热点及方向主要包括：秸秆生物炭的原料和制备条件、秸秆生物炭在固碳减排、改良土壤和污染修复上的应用以及机制。总体而言，秸秆生物炭是农业废弃物资源化利用的热点主题，今后秸秆生物炭的改性制备、对减缓气候变化和修复环境污染的机制与长期效应研究仍然是研究热点与趋势。
Straw biochar plays an important role in environmental governance and resource recycling. In order to grasp the development process of straw biochar and clarify the focus and preface direction of this research field, this article uses CiteSpace visualization software to conduct bibliometric and knowledge graph analysis on the data retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database. The results show that the annual publication volume is on the rise, with China ranking first with a total of 3141 articles; among the global research institutions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Institute of Soil Science are representative institutions for straw biochar research; the research results in this field are mainly published in high impact factor journals such as Science of the Total Environment and Bioresource Technology, Wang Hailong from China is the scholar with the highest number of publications; the research hotspots and directions mainly include the raw materials and preparation conditions of straw biochar, the application and mechanisms of straw biochar in carbon sequestration and emission reduction, soil improvement, and pollution remediation. Overall, straw biochar is a hot topic in the resource utilization of agricultural waste. In the future, the modification and preparation of straw biochar, as well as the mechanism and long-term effects of mitigating climate change and repairing environmental pollution, will be the research hotspot and trend.
环境治理 / 资源循环 / 秸秆 / 生物炭 / 文献计量 {{custom_keyword}} /
environmental governance / resource recycling / straw / biochar / bibliometrics {{custom_keyword}} /
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石祖梁, 王飞, 王久臣, 等. 我国农作物秸秆资源利用特征、技术模式及发展建议[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(5):8-16.
为促进我国秸秆禁烧和综合利用工作，综述了各区域农作物秸秆资源产生、利用现状及现有技术模式。2016年全国秸秆理论资源量达到9.84×108 t，可收集量达到8.24×108 t，玉米、水稻和小麦三类农作物秸秆占总量的83.51%。秸秆已利用量为6.73×108 t，综合利用率达到81.68%，其中肥料化、饲料化、基料化、燃料化、原料化利用率分别为47.20%、17.99%、11.79%、2.23%、2.47%，形成农用为主的综合利用格局。不同区域之间秸秆利用水平差异显著，华北区、西北区、华东区、中南区、西南区、东北区秸秆综合利用率依次为94.73%、89.21%、88.89%、83.01%、74.27%、63.43%。全国秸秆利用技术模式可分为秸秆还田利用型和循环利用型两大类，其中秸秆还田模式主要有玉米秸秆深翻养地还田模式、棉花秸秆深翻还田技术模式、麦秸覆盖玉米秸秆旋耕还田技术模式、少免耕秸秆覆盖还田技术模式、稻麦（油）秸秆粉碎旋耕还田技术模式、秸秆快速腐熟还田技术模式；秸秆循环利用模式主要有秸-饲-肥种养结合技术模式、秸-沼-肥能源生态技术模式、秸-菌-肥基质利用技术模式、秸-炭-肥还田改土技术模式。为进一步促进秸秆综合利用产业化发展，提出了构建整体推进的工作体系、全量利用的技术体系、完善配套的政策体系相互结合的对策建议。
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The co-production of biochar and bioenergy using pyrolysis-combustion processes can potentially minimize the emission problems associated with conventional methods of agricultural by-product disposal. This approach also provides significant added-value potential through biochar application to soil. Despite these advantages, variations in biomass composition, including sulfur, nitrogen, ash, and volatile matter (VM) content, may significantly influence both the biochar quality and the emissions of harmful particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants (SO, HS, NO, NO). Using a laboratory-scale continuous pyrolysis-combustion facility, the influence of biomass composition (rice husk and grape pruning) and volatile production (pyrolysis) temperature (400-800 °C) on the biochar properties and emissions during combustion of the raw pyrolysis volatiles were evaluated. Utilization of grape pruning resulted in higher energy-based yields of PM than the rice husk, the majority of which consisted of the PM fraction due to the elevated pyrogas content of the volatiles. The PM emissions were found to be independent of the feedstock ash content due to its retainment in the biochar. Greater volatilization of biomass sulfur and nitrogen during pyrolysis at higher temperatures resulted in higher yields of sulfurous and nitrogenous gaseous pollutants. The energy-based yields of NO and NO were found to increase by 16% and 50% for rice husk and 21% and 189% for grape pruning respectively between 400 and 800 °C. The same trend was also observed for the emissions of HS and SO for both feedstocks.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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剧永望, 马露冉, 毛佳璇, 等. 秸秆生物炭吸附/钝化土壤重金属的过程机理与影响因素[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2023, 18(5):13-30.
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Biochar is characterised by a large specific surface area, porosity, and a large amount of functional groups. All of those features cause that biochar can be a potentially good material in the optimisation of the process of composting and final compost quality. The objective of this study was to compile the current knowledge on the possibility of biochar application in the process of composting and on the effect of biochar on compost properties and on the content of contaminants in compost. The paper presents the effect of biochar on compost maturity indices, composting temperature and moisture, and also on the content and bioavailability of nutrients and of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the paper note is also taken of the effect of biochar added to composted material on plants, microorganisms and soil invertebrates.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Five types of biochars prepared from four crop straws and one wood shaving at 600 °C were characterized, and their sorption to Cd(II) were determined to investigate the differences in capacity to function as sorbents to heavy metals. Surface areas and pore volumes of the biochars were inversely correlated to the lignin content of raw biomass. The biochars derived from crop straws displayed more developed pore structure than wood char due to the higher lignin content of wood. Sorption capacity of the biochars to Cd(II) followed the order of corn straw>cotton straw>wheat straw>rice straw>poplar shaving, which was not strictly consistent with the surface area of the chars. The surface characteristics of chars before and after Cd(II) sorption were investigated with scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which suggested that the higher sorption of Cd(II) on corn straw chars was mainly attributed to cation exchange, surface precipitation of carbonate, and surface complexation with oxygen-containing groups. This study indicated that crop straw biochars exhibit distinct sorption capacities to heavy metals due to various surface characteristics, and thus the sorption efficiency should be carefully evaluated specific to target contaminant.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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In order to deal with cadmium (Cd(II)) pollution, three modified biochar materials: alkaline treatment of biochar (BC-NaOH), KMnO impregnation of biochar (BC-MnO) and FeCl magnetic treatment of biochar (BC-FeO), were investigated. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Boehm titration, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the characteristics of adsorbents and explore the main adsorption mechanism. The results show that manganese oxide particles are carried successfully within the biochar, contributing to micropore creation, boosting specific surface area and forming innersphere complexes with oxygen-containing groups, while also increasing the number of oxygen-containing groups. The adsorption sites created by the loaded manganese oxide, rather than specific surface areas, play the most important roles in cadmium adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate a Langmuir model fit for Cd(II), and BC-MnO provided the highest sorption capacity (81.10 mg g). The sorption kinetics of Cd(II) on adsorbents follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the adsorption rate of the BC-MnO material was the highest (14.46 g (mg·h)). Therefore, biochar modification methods involving KMnO impregnation may provide effective ways of enhancing Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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In this work, a novel engineered biochar prepared through modification with chitosan and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from single metal and mixed-metal solutions (Cd, Cu and Pb). Characterization experiments with FTIR and XPS suggested that the novel modified biochar had more surface functional groups compare to the pristine biochar. Adsorption experiments indicated that the initial pH of the solution influenced the ability of biochars to adsorb heavy metals in single- and multi-metal systems. Moreover, the chitosan-PMDA modified biochar had strong selective adsorption of Cu(II). Mechanism studies showed that chemisorption was the major mechanism for heavy metal removal by the chitosan-PMDA modified biochar. Furthermore, the types of effective functional group for these heavy metal removal were different. The NCO group played a dominant role in the process of Pb(II) removal, while several N-containing functional groups and CC groups participated in the adsorption of Cd(II). The novel engineered biochar had selective adsorption capacity for copper due to the N-containing functional groups, meanwhile abundant carbonyl groups also participated in the removal of copper, and may reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I).Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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