
7个烟草品种在云南丽江植烟区的生态适应性及烟叶产质量综合评价
肜磊, 薛至勤, 邓晨宵, 罗坤, 高崇亮, 李升海, 王益杰, 王妍妮, 蔡宪杰, 闫鼎, 余磊, 黄飞燕, 韩天华
中国农学通报. 2024, 40(22): 17-23
7个烟草品种在云南丽江植烟区的生态适应性及烟叶产质量综合评价
Ecological Adaptability and Comprehensive Evaluation of Tobacco Leaf Yield and Quality of 7 Tobacco Varieties in Lijiang Tobacco Planting Area of Yunnan Province
为探索不同烟草品种在丽江植烟区的生态适应性,筛选出适合当地种植的优势烟草品种,提高烟叶的产质量以及风格特色,以当地主栽品种‘云烟87’作为对照,共选取7个烟草品种进行田间试验,对烟草大田阶段的生育情况和农艺性状进行调查,统计各品种经济性状并针对烤后烟叶的各项质量指标进行综合评价。结果显示,在丽江湿润河谷植烟区,‘云烟116’的大田生育期短,经济性状好,‘PVH1452’和‘云烟121’的烤后烟叶综合质量高,但产量和产值偏低,常规主栽品种‘云烟87’的农艺性状好,但生育期较长且化学成分不协调。试验表明,在丽江生态环境相似的植烟地区,‘云烟116’的生态适应性强且烟叶品质较好,种植所带来的经济效益高,可作为当地主栽品种进行大面积验证和推广。‘PVH1452’和‘云烟121’的烟叶综合质量表现优秀,但产量和收益方面还有很大提升空间,可作为提高丽江区域特色的储备品种进一步开发研究。
The paper aims to explore the ecological adaptability of different tobacco varieties in Lijiang tobacco planting area, select the dominant tobacco varieties suitable for local planting, and improve the yield, quality and leaf style of cultivation of tobacco. Using the main locally grown variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as a control, a total of 7 tobacco varieties were selected for field experiments to investigate the growth and agronomic traits of tobacco during the field stage. The economic traits of each variety were counted and various quality indicators of cured tobacco leaves were evaluated. The results showed that the field growth period of ‘Yunyan 116’ variety was shorter and the economic characteristics were better, the comprehensive quality of cured tobacco leaves from ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ was high, and the agronomic characteristics of the conventional main planting variety ‘Yunyan 87’ were better, but the growth period was longer and the chemical composition was not coordinated. In the wet valley tobacco planting area with similar ecological environment in Lijiang City, ‘Yunyan 116’ had strong ecological adaptability and good tobacco quality, and the economic benefits were high, which could be widely verified and promoted as the main local variety. The comprehensive quality performance of ‘PVH1452’ and ‘Yunyan 121’ tobacco leaves was excellent, but there was still a lot of room for improvement in yield and revenue. They can be further developed and researched as reserve varieties to enhance the regional characteristics of Lijiang.
烟草品种 / 生态适应性 / 丽江植烟区 / 经济价值 / 烟叶质量 {{custom_keyword}} /
tobacco varieties / ecological adaptability / Lijiang tobacco planting area / economic value / tobacco quality {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 品种试验随机区组的设置 |
处理 | 处理1 | 处理2 | 处理3 | 处理4 | 处理5 | 处理6 | 处理7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重复1 | 云烟87(CK) | 秦烟96 | 云烟116 | 云烟121 | NC71 | CC27 | PVH1452 |
重复2 | 秦烟96 | 云烟121 | 云烟87(CK) | NC71 | PVH1452 | 云烟116 | CC27 |
重复3 | PVH1452 | 云烟116 | NC71 | CC27 | 云烟121 | 秦烟96 | 云烟87(CK) |
表2 烟草主要生育期比较 |
品种 | 播种期(月/日) | 移栽期(月/日) | 团棵期(月/日) | 现蕾期(月/日) | 脚叶成熟期(月/日) | 顶叶成熟期(月/日) | 大田生育期/d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC71 | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 7/26 | 9/2 | 111 |
秦烟96 | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/13 | 7/14 | 7/28 | 9/3 | 112 |
云烟121 | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/10 | 7/12 | 7/26 | 9/2 | 111 |
云烟116 | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 7/25 | 9/1 | 110 |
PVH1452 | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/11 | 7/12 | 7/27 | 9/4 | 113 |
CC27 | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/12 | 7/13 | 7/28 | 9/3 | 112 |
云烟87(CK) | 3/7 | 5/14 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 7/27 | 9/4 | 113 |
表3 烟草成熟期农艺性状比较 |
品种 | 株高/cm | 有效叶数/片 | 节距/cm | 茎围/cm | 最大叶面积/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC71 | 94.00±4.47d | 18.78±1.39ab | 4.79±0.55b | 7.43±0.47b | 1395.93±225.89bcd |
秦烟96 | 122.45±10.61b | 16.44±1.24c | 6.81±0.81a | 9.14±0.97a | 1731.47±375.84a |
云烟121 | 110.11±12.36c | 17.89±1.36b | 5.43±0.82b | 7.28±0.79bc | 1515.41±220.02abc |
云烟116 | 93.89±9.61d | 18.67±1.58ab | 5.27±0.73b | 6.51±0.55c | 1192.64±140.13d |
PVH1452 | 101.06±12.81cd | 18.67±1.58ab | 4.73±0.63b | 7.14±0.80bc | 1350.37±273.29bcd |
CC27 | 94.67±9.66d | 19.22±0.97ab | 4.79±0.42b | 7.54±0.57b | 1321.07±170.27cd |
云烟87(CK) | 142.00±8.19a | 20.00±0.88a | 6.93±0.55a | 7.87±0.23b | 1631.54±120.86ab |
注:表格中同列中不同小写字母表示不同品种该指标间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),下同。 |
表4 烟草经济性状比较 |
品种 | 产量/(kg/hm2) | 均价/(元/kg) | 产值/(元/hm2) | 上等烟比例/% | 中等烟比例/% | 下等烟比例/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC71 | 4313.50 | 22.16 | 95587.16 | 76.56 | 16.09 | 7.35 |
秦烟96 | 3765.50 | 22.29 | 83933.00 | 75.10 | 16.25 | 8.65 |
云烟121 | 4007.25 | 21.88 | 87678.63 | 75.07 | 17.33 | 7.60 |
云烟116 | 4272.75 | 22.88 | 97760.52 | 75.49 | 17.61 | 6.90 |
PVH1452 | 3825.00 | 22.16 | 84762.00 | 75.65 | 16.67 | 7.68 |
CC27 | 4047.75 | 22.69 | 91843.45 | 77.54 | 15.13 | 7.33 |
云烟87(CK) | 4254.00 | 22.60 | 96140.40 | 77.53 | 16.16 | 6.31 |
表5 烟叶外观质量得分 |
品种 | 总分 | 品种 | 总分 | 品种 | 总分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC71 | 0.76 | 云烟116 | 0.82 | CC27 | 0.80 |
秦烟96 | 0.78 | PVH1452 | 0.81 | 云烟87(CK) | 0.80 |
云烟121 | 0.79 |
表6 烟叶化学成分比较 |
品种 | 总糖/% | 还原糖/% | 烟碱/% | 总氮/% | 氯离子/% | 钾离子/% | 糖碱比 | 氮碱比 | 钾氯比 | 总分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC71 | 32.91bc | 22.08ab | 2.40ab | 1.70b | 0.29b | 2.14b | 9.33c | 0.72c | 8.39ab | 0.79 |
秦烟96 | 37.91ab | 25.84a | 1.57d | 1.69b | 0.23b | 2.16b | 16.88a | 1.09a | 11.02ab | 0.52 |
云烟121 | 35.84abc | 24.92ab | 2.15bc | 1.79ab | 0.52a | 2.12b | 12.51abc | 0.86bc | 4.16b | 0.67 |
云烟116 | 34.67abc | 23.68ab | 2.84a | 1.87a | 0.23b | 2.19b | 8.56c | 0.67c | 12.35ab | 0.65 |
PVH1452 | 35.25abc | 23.96ab | 2.43ab | 1.85a | 0.34b | 2.06b | 10.45bc | 0.78c | 7.18b | 0.75 |
CC27 | 31.36c | 20.41b | 2.45ab | 1.89a | 0.19b | 2.48a | 8.56c | 0.78c | 17.56a | 0.78 |
云烟87(CK) | 39.82a | 26.92a | 1.76cd | 1.81ab | 0.18b | 1.83c | 15.75ab | 1.05ab | 10.64ab | 0.50 |
表7 烟草感官质量得分 |
品种 | 总分 | 品种 | 总分 |
---|---|---|---|
NC71 | 0.52 | PVH1452 | 0.72 |
秦烟96 | 0.62 | CC27 | 0.51 |
云烟121 | 0.73 | 云烟87(CK) | 0.76 |
云烟116 | 0.70 |
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