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新疆中天山北坡断裂带不同海拔高度土壤温度分布特征
The Distribution Characteristics of Soil Temperature at Different Altitudes in Northern Slope Fault Zone of the Middle Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang
研究中天山断裂带从高山带到准噶尔盆地边缘整个过渡带的土壤温度分布特征有助于理解干旱区土壤环境特征，从而为土地利用、农业生产提供依据。本文选取新疆中天山断裂带海拔高度呈梯度分布的6个气象站2005年至2020年各层土壤温度的日观测数据，利用统计方法分析了不同地形、不同深度土壤温度随海拔高度的变化特征以及不同海拔高度土壤温度随深度的变化特征。分析表明：中天山北坡土壤温度变幅随海拔高度的降低而升高。不同地形的土壤最高温和最低温的年温差浅层大于深层，由浅至深年最高温度和年最低温度出现的时间逐渐推迟；年内中天山北坡不同海拔高度0~20 cm的土壤日平均温度曲线大致呈余弦函数曲线，320 cm深度的土壤温度基本呈正弦函数分布，较0~20 cm地温的最高和最低晚3个月左右。研究区土壤温度随海拔高度降低呈现先升高后降低的趋势。在海拔为3539~600 m高度范围，土壤温度随着海拔的升高而降低。在600~441 m高度范围，土壤温度随着海拔的下降而下降；0~20 cm为土壤温度变化的活跃层，40 cm深度的土壤温度可称之为过渡层，320 cm深度称为土壤温度的稳定层，80~160 cm称为土壤温度的次稳定层。
The study on soil temperature distribution in the whole transition zone from the alpine zone to the edge of Zhungeer Basin in the middle Tianshan fault zone is helpful to understand the characteristics of soil environment in arid area, so as to provide basis for land use and agricultural production. In this paper, the daily observation data of soil temperature at each layer of six meteorological stations in the middle Tianshan fault zone of Xinjiang in 2005 to 2020 were selected. The statistical method was used to analyze the variation characteristics of soil temperature with altitude at different topographies and depths. The results showed that the variation of soil temperature on the northern slope of the middle Tianshan Mountain was enhanced with the decrease of altitude. The annual temperature difference of the highest temperature and lowest temperature in four different terrains was larger in the shallow layer than that in the deep layer, and the occurrence time of the highest temperature in each layer was gradually delayed; in a year, the average daily soil temperature curve at different altitudes of 0-20 cm in the study area was roughly a cosine function curve, and the soil temperature at 320 cm depth was basically a sine function distribution, which was about 3 months later than the maximum and minimum ground temperature of 0-20 cm. The soil temperature in the study area increased first and then decreased with the decrease of altitude. In the range of 3539 to 600 m above sea level, the soil temperature decreased with the increase of altitude. In the range of 600 to 441 m, the soil temperature decreased with the decrease of altitude. 0-20 cm was the active layer of soil temperature change, 40 cm depth of soil temperature could be called the transition layer, 320 cm depth was called the soil temperature stable layer, 80-160 cm was called the soil temperature secondary stable layer.
中天山北坡 / 海拔高度 / 土壤温度 / 分布特征 {{custom_keyword}} /
north slope of middle Tianshan Mountain / altitude / soil temperature / distribution characteristics {{custom_keyword}} /
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